Final Results
Final Results
Eco Animal Health Group Plc
ECO Animal Health Group plc (‘’ECOâ€)
(AIM: EAH)
Results for the year ended 31 March 2016
ECO ANIMAL HEALTH REPORTS ANOTHER STRONG PERFORMANCE
HIGHLIGHTS
Financials
- 51% increase in pre tax profit to £7.7m (2015: £5.1m)
- 21% increase in sales to £47.1m (2015: £39.0m)
- 21% increase in gross profit to £21.0m (2015: £17.5m) maintaining margin
- 29% increase in adjusted EBITDA to £11.1m (2015: £8.6m)
- 27% increase in second interim dividend to 3.80p (2015: 3.0p) making total dividend for the
- year up 20% to 5.7p (2015:4.75p)
- Strong cash generation from operations
- Net cash of £16.0 million at year end
Operations
- Demand for Aivlosin® continues to grow strongly with sales up 22%
- New marketing authorisations gained in USA and Europe (post period end)
- Strong performances in all major geographic areas
- Continued investment in product development and stockholding to support growth
Peter Lawrence, Executive Chairman of ECO Animal Health Group plc, commented:
‘’ The new financial year has started well with sales maintaining momentum. The recent weakness in the value of sterling may benefit ECO as virtually all our sales and majority of costs arise locally in dollars, RMB or the euro. Our newly gained approvals for Aivlosin should provide another platform for future growth and I look forward with confidence to ECO delivering another impressive performance. ‘’
Contacts:
| ECO Animal Health Group plc | Â | |
| Peter Lawrence | 020 8336 6190 | |
| Marc Loomes | 020 8447 6906 | |
| Â | ||
| Spiro Financial | ||
| Anthony Spiro | 020 8336 6196 | |
| Â | ||
| Peel Hunt LLP (Nominated Adviser) | ||
| Dan Webster, Adrian Trimmings, George Sellar | 020 7418 8900 | |
ECO Animal Health Group plc is a leader in the development, registration and marketing of pharmaceutical products for animals. Our products for these global growth markets promote well-being. Our financial goals are achieved through the careful and responsible application of science to generate value for our shareholders.
CHAIRMAN’S STATEMENT
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 MARCH 2016
I am again delighted to report that ECO Animal Health Group has delivered a record set of results. Profit before tax increased by over 51 per cent compared to the previous year and, for the second successive year, ECO has achieved sales growth in excess of 20 per cent. This growth record is reflected in the rising market capitalisation of your company, which recently exceeded £260m, placing it among the 60 largest companies traded on London’s AIM market.
ECO is a global business, selling its products in almost sixty countries. The US dollar and the Chinese RMB each account for approximately 30 per cent of sales, followed by the euro at around 15 per cent. Less than 3 per cent of sales are invoiced in sterling.
Financial Performance
Sales for the year increased by almost 21 per cent to £47.1m (2015: £39m). Earnings before interest, tax, depreciation, amortisation, non-controlling (minority) interests, foreign exchange and share based payments (EBITDA) were £11.1m (2015: £8.6m), an increase of 29 per cent. Cash generated from operations remained positive at £3.2m for the year - this was achieved despite our planned programme of investment in both new technology and an increase in strategic stock holding to support our growth. Pre-tax profits rose over 51 per cent to £7.7m (2015: £5.1m) and earnings per share increased 42 per cent to 9.71 pence per share. Gross profit increased by 21% to £21 million maintaining margin.
The Board is pleased to declare a second interim dividend of 3.80 pence per share to be paid on 5 October 2016 to shareholders on the register on 9 September 2016. The total dividend for the year of 5.7 pence per share (2015: 4.75 pence) is 20 per cent above the level of last year and reflects the Board’s continued confidence in the growth potential of the Company and its desire to implement a progressive dividend policy.
Marketing and development
ECO operates in a market segment that provides essential medications to the global animal protein production industry, which seeks to meet ever growing demand. These treatments, when used under veterinary supervision, help ensure animal health, welfare and food safety. The company is now realising the commercial benefit from its investment, totalling some £60m, made over many years in the intellectual property inherent in Aivlosin®, its patented molecule. Aivlosin® is used for the treatment of economically important diseases of pigs and poultry and is prescribed under veterinary control at low, yet efficacious, dose rates for the short duration treatment of specified diseases.
We now hold over six hundred marketing authorisations around the globe and our focus is to capitalise on the sales potential of these assets. The benefit to ECO of such a high investment cost and the lengthy time scale associated with obtaining marketing authorisations is the barrier to entry it creates for potential competition.
In March 2016, we announced the granting of a marketing authorisation for Aivlosin® Type A Medicated Article (or Premix) formulation in the United States by the Center for Veterinary Medicine of the Food & Drug Administration. This second drug licence in the USA is for the treatment of ileitis, an enteric (gut) disease in swine. This approval complements the first licence, which was for the water soluble presentation of Aivlosin®. Importantly, with global concerns about the use of antibiotics in food production animals, both formulations meet all the guidelines for the responsible use of antimicrobials. These treatments are under the strict control of veterinarians and have low, yet highly effective, therapeutic dose rates, short treatment durations and a zero day drug withholding period. The overall and desired beneficial effect is to reduce the level of antibiotics used in the production of food.
In April 2016, after the year end, we received a positive opinion from the Committee for Medicinal Products for Veterinary Use of the European Medicines Agency for the use of Aivlosin® 625 mg/g water soluble granules in chickens laying eggs for human consumption, with formal approval granted in June 2016. This licence was also given a zero drug withdrawal period which means that the eggs can still be collected from treated and recovering laying birds and sent to market. These licenses, once commercial layers are approved in the key global egg producing markets, have the potential to generate significant revenue.
We have continued to invest in our product development project pipeline which encompasses the roll out of existing approvals into new geographies, new disease indications for pigs and poultry and new species, all of which should offer continuing growth opportunities for sales of our patented medication.
Operations
Worldwide revenue growth was derived from existing licenses in the major food producing regions that we serve, with strong performances in all major territories. Sales of Aivlosin®, our flagship antibiotic, increased by 22 per cent compared with the same period last year. Sales of Aivlosin® in North America, a region that accounts for more than one third of Aivlosin’s® potential market, grew by 11 per cent during a year of unusually mild weather and consequently low disease pressure. The approval, after the year end, of Aivlosin® Type A Medicated Article (or Premix) formulation in the United States will enable us to build on the excellent start that we have made in this key market.
Sales in the Far East were up by 34 per cent. In China, our subsidiary, Zhejiang ECO Biok Animal Health Products, which was established over a decade ago, had another extremely successful year with sales rising almost 35 per cent, buoyed by the recent high price of pork and increased investment by producers in high value breeding stock. In Japan sales grew by nearly 15 per cent driven by increased volume. Following the acquisition in 2014 of our Southeast Asian distributor, revenue from this region advanced by 40 per cent. The performance was boosted by a strategic business review and investment in additional staff.
In Latin America revenue grew by 16 per cent. ECO Brazil had another good year with sales up 17 per cent although there was a softening of demand in the last quarter in the face of increasing political and economic uncertainty. Our subsidiary in Mexico continued to demonstrate growth despite the difficult economic climate with sales increasing by 26 per cent compared with the previous year.
In Europe, sales grew by close to 9 per cent driven by increased Aivlosin® penetration, notably to customers in Denmark, Germany, Poland, Spain and the UK.
People
On behalf of all shareholders I would like to thank our people worldwide for their individual contribution to the results. Their team working and dedicated commitment underpin our performance and generate considerable optimism for the future of ECO.
It is unusual to highlight individual performances but I will break that rule to thank Tony Chen, managing director of our ECO Shanghai operation, for his outstanding and loyal service to the company. Tony, who established our Shanghai office in 1994, has decided to step down and we wish him a long, happy and healthy retirement and thank him for his immense contribution to the success of ECO.
Outlook
Following two years of record results, ECO has started the current year strongly with increasing demand for our specialist veterinary medications in our key global markets. The recent weakness in the value of sterling may benefit ECO as virtually all our sales and the majority of costs arise locally in dollars, RMB or the euro.
Our balance sheet remains robust with good cash generation, allowing us to invest in the business to ensure it is able to maximise efficiency and capitalise on market opportunities. Demand for Aivlosin®, our flagship patented treatment, is building rapidly and gives us great confidence in the future potential and long term growth of the business.
Peter A Lawrence
30th June 2016
STRATEGIC REPORT
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 MARCH 2016
Financial
Group sales in the year to 31 March 2016 rose by over 20% to £47.1m. Our flagship, patented, therapeutic (disease treating) drug, Aivlosin, also rose by over 20% in sterling above the level of the previous year. This encouraging performance continues to reflect our strategic decision to focus primarily on our core high margin products and less on lower margin generics and therefore margins were substantially maintained on the increased business.
EBITDA (Earnings before interest, tax, depreciation, amortisation, share based payments, foreign exchange movements and non-controlling (minority) interests) is our main key performance indicator because we are required to amortise our drug registration costs even though we believe they are increasing in value and this figure increased over 29% to almost £11.1m, another new record for the company. Pre-tax profit increased by over 51% to £7.7m.
Group cash at the year end was £15.7m. Inventories were intentionally much higher than last year, which ensures continuity of supply of key products and will also delay the impact of a weaker sterling on the cost of goods bought in foreign currencies following the recent vote to leave the EU. The inventory figure also includes £925,000 of expenditure on a property that the group has acquired for renovation and resale. Management expect that the return will far exceed the rates available on bank deposits and expect to repeat the exercise as suitable opportunities arise.
Key Performance Indicators
The key performance indicators (‘KPIs’) for the Group are those that communicate the financial performance and strength of the group as a whole to shareholders.
A summary of the KPI’s is as follows:
| Financial | Â | Â | Â | 2016 | Â | Â | Â | 2015 | Â | Â | Â | 2014 | |
| Â | |||||||||||||
| Revenue £m | 47.1 | 39.0 | 31.9 | ||||||||||
| Gross Profit £m | 21.0 | 17.5 | 14.1 | ||||||||||
| Gross Margin % | 44.6 | 44.7 | 44.5 | ||||||||||
| EBITDA £m | 11.1 | 8.60 | 7.05 | ||||||||||
| Cash balances, net of borrowing £m | 15.7 | 17.7 | 18.2 | ||||||||||
| Non Financial | |||||||||||||
| Health and Safety - major accidents reported to the board in the year | Nil | Nil | Nil |
Currency
Under IFRS rules, financial assets at the period end are translated from foreign currencies using the period end exchange rates. It has been our practice not to convert the majority of the currency balances into sterling, but to use them to pay overseas suppliers in local currency and invest in the business. As expected, the currency losses experienced on bank balances during the year ended March 2015 did indeed reverse in the year ended March 2016.
Risks and Uncertainties
All businesses face a number of strategic and operational risks and uncertainties and the Board considers that the following could influence the Group’s performance:
Currency Movements
The Group exports its products to almost 60 countries and is exposed to movements in currency. It has not been the company’s practice to convert currencies which are used for purchasing raw materials and services in those currencies and this acts as an extensive hedge against currency fluctuations.
Commercial Risks
There is increasing pressure on veterinarians to prescribe medications appropriately and in accordance with the product label. Aivlosin® meets all current guidelines for the judicious and prudent use of antimicrobials for food producing animals and is never used in human health. The Group spends considerable effort and resource liaising with regulatory authorities and leading consultants to ensure that it remains compliant with all prescribing guidelines.
Supply Risks
The Group is dependent on a small number of suppliers for some of its raw materials and maintains business interruption insurance in respect of each of these. In the longer term the Group continues to build strategic manufacturing partnerships internationally and has increased safety stock levels in order to protect its complex global supply chain.
Dependence on key customers
The Group is dependent on a number of customers and distributors in each of the territories into which it sells. The loss of one or more of its key customers could result in lower than expected sales and have a significant impact on the scale of its operations. The Group seeks to minimise reliance on key territories and individual customers and distributors by expanding its sales base to new regions of the world, most recently by increasing its presence in South East Asia.
Disease
Although outbreaks of diseases for which our products are indicated are generally beneficial to our sales, some disease outbreaks temporarily impact on production, disrupt the free movement of animals and affect trade. In the face of continued global demand for animal protein, however, any reduction in supply leads to increased prices and therefore benefits those who have taken effective measures to prevent or control the disease. In the medium term, most disease outbreaks are generally well controlled by appropriate intervention strategies.
Timing of approval of marketing authorisations
Aivlosin® has been licenced for use in pigs and/or in poultry by Europe, the USA, Canada, Japan, China and by many other regulatory bodies globally but the exact timing of new approvals of marketing authorisations is difficult to predict. Regulatory authorities may submit additional questions or require supplementary trial work to be performed prior to granting of a license and this can lead to some delay. Therefore, considerable resource is devoted to our licensing work in order to address any issues that may arise in as timely a manner as is possible.
Strategy
ECO Animal Health Group plc is a leader in the development, registration and marketing of pharmaceutical products for animals. The company has developed into a significant UK based business with subsidiaries, joint operation and distributors in 60 countries. ECO has been granted over six hundred drug registrations around the world for its pharmaceutical products, which are principally, but not exclusively, for the treatment of various conditions in pigs and poultry. The company uses advanced science in order to offer a wide and effective range of specialist treatments, underpinned by strong customer service.
The company will continue to pursue organic growth by developing its markets and expanding its customer base. It will also continue to research and develop additional applications for its established and proven ranges of active pharmaceutical ingredients including new species. ECO will also consider acquisition opportunities as they arise, provided they meet its market, financial and strategic objectives.
Post balance sheet event
The Company paid a dividend of £1,209,000 (net of £9,000 waived by the Employee Benefit Trust) on 4th April 2016 to its shareholders.
Trading update and outlook
The current year has started well with major markets maintaining their rate of growth and particularly good demand from customers in China and North America (aided by the launch of Aivlosin Premix in the USA). The consequences of a weaker pound against the main currencies in which we trade following last week’s vote to “leave†the EU will be largely beneficial for our business, as less than 3% of the group sales are in sterling.
Peter Lawrence
Executive Chairman
30 June 2016
CORPORATE GOVERNANCE
Principles of Corporate Governance
The Company is quoted on the AIM market of the London Stock Exchange and the Company is therefore not required to report on compliance with the UK Corporate Governance Code. However, the Directors support the UK Corporate Governance Code and are implementing many of the recommendations which are relevant to a business of the size of Eco Animal Health Group plc. The Board is committed to high standards of corporate governance.
The Board
At the 31st March 2016, the Board comprised of two Non-Executive Directors and five Executive Directors.
The composition of the board of directors as well as Directors’ biographies can be found on our website www.ecoanimalhealthgroupplc.com under the section “About the Company†and then “Directorsâ€.
The full Board is responsible and accountable to the shareholders for the management and success of the Company and provides effective controls to assess and manage the risks in the Company.
The Board meets at least once a quarter to review the operational and financial performance of the Company and to determine and monitor the Company’s strategy and to ensure that the necessary resources are in place to meet the Company’s objectives. The Board members each receive an agenda prior to the meeting and the Financial Director prepares a financial pack which is distributed to the Directors every month.
The roles of the Chief Executive Officer and Executive Chairman are well defined and clearly separated. The Chairman oversees the Board’s work, ensures the Board’s decision-making is balanced and that the Non-Executive Directors have all the relevant information on matters to be decided and discussed. The Chief Executive Officer is responsible for implementing the strategy of the Board and managing the day to day business activities of the Company.
All Directors are subject to reappointment by shareholders at the first Annual General Meeting following their appointment and thereafter by rotation. The Board considers that it has sufficient independence and that both of the Non-Executive Directors are of sufficient competence and calibre to add strength and objectivity to the Board.
The Board delegates its authority for certain matters to its Audit and Remuneration Committees, details of which can be found on our website at www.ecoanimalhealthgroupplc.com/investor-relations/rule-26.aspx.
The Audit Committee
Throughout the financial year, the committee comprised of two Non-Executive Directors, Mr Anthony Rawlinson ACA BA (Hons) as Chairman and Mr David Danson BVSc MRCVS and meets at least twice each financial year with the external auditors and considers any issues that are identified during the course of the audit work. The Board is satisfied that the Committee members have both recent and relevant experience.
In the year ended 31 March 2016 and up to the date of this report, the actions taken by the Audit Committee to discharge its duties included:
- Reviewing the 2016 Annual Report and financial statements and the Interim Report issued in December 2015. As part of these reviews, the Committee received a report from the external auditors on their audit of the annual financial statements;
- Reviewing the effectiveness of the Group’s internal controls and disclosures made in the Annual Report and financial statements;
- Meeting with the external auditors, without management being present, to discuss any issues arising from the audit;
- Considering the need for a new internal audit function; and
- Reviewing the performance and independence of the external auditors.
The Remuneration Committee
In view of the size of the Board, the duties and responsibilities of the remuneration committee have been assumed by the Board as a whole. The Board expects this situation to continue for the foreseeable future until further development of the business gives rise to the appointment of one or more additional directors.
Relations with Shareholders
The Board recognizes the importance of communication with its shareholders. The Group maintains an informative website at www.ecoanimalhealthgroupplc.com .Copies of the Annual Report and financial statements are issued to all shareholders who have requested hard copies and electronic copies are available on the Group’s website. The Group also uses its website to provide information likely to be of interest to shareholders and other interested parties. The Company Secretary, Mrs Julia Trouse, also deals with correspondence as and when it arises throughout the year.
Following the announcement of the Company’s half year and full year results the Chairman, the Chief Executive Officer and other Directors, although usually only two, make detailed presentations to institutional shareholders and investment analysts.
The Board encourages shareholder participation at its Annual General Meeting, where shareholders may ask questions and can be updated on the Group’s activities and strategies, which are already in the public domain.
Internal control
The Board is ultimately responsible for the Group’s system of internal controls and for reviewing its effectiveness throughout the year. The system is designed to manage rather than eliminate the risk of failure to achieve the Group’s strategic objectives and can only provide reasonable and not absolute assurance against material misstatement or loss.
Internal control (continued)
The Board monitors financial controls through the setting and approval of an annual budget and the regular review of monthly management accounts. Management accounts contain a number of indicators that are designed to reduce the possibility of misstatement in the financial statements.
The Group has in place defined authorisation levels for expenditure, the placing of orders and signing authorities. The daily cash movements of the Group are reconciled and monitored by the finance department and circulated to the Directors daily and the Group’s cash flow is monitored.
The Board maintains a continuous process for identifying, evaluating and managing significant risks across the Group together with a comprehensive annual review of risks which covers both financial and non-financial areas.
Where the management of operational risk requires outside advice, this is sought from expert consultants.
Going concern
At the balance sheet date the Group had cash balances of £15.6 million and no borrowings. Since the year end the Group has continued to trade profitably and to generate cash. The Board considers that the Group has sufficient cash to meet its current and future liabilities when they fall due and that the Company and the Group have sufficient resources available to continue operating in the foreseeable future. Future uses of the cash are monitored against known and authorised budget expenses for the Company’s planned growth and expansion. For this reason, the going concern basis continues to be adopted in preparing the financial statements.
By order of the Board
Julia Trouse
Company Secretary
30 June 2016
CONSOLIDATED INCOME STATEMENT
| Â | Â | Â | Â | 2016 | Â | Â | 2015 | |||
| Notes | £000's | £000's | ||||||||
| Â | ||||||||||
| Revenue | 2,3 | 47,138 | 38,997 | |||||||
| Cost of sales | (26,109) | (21,546) | ||||||||
| Â | ||||||||||
| Gross profit | 21,029 | 17,451 | ||||||||
| Â | ||||||||||
| Other income | 4 | 337 | 293 | |||||||
| Administrative expenses | (13,918) | (12,407) | ||||||||
| Â | ||||||||||
| Profit from operating activities | 5 | 7,448 | 5,337 | |||||||
| Â | ||||||||||
| Finance income | 6 | 208 | 68 | |||||||
| Finance costs | 6 | (7) | (327) | |||||||
| Net finance income/(expense) | 201 | (259) | ||||||||
| Â | ||||||||||
| Share of profit of associate | 14 | 25 | - | |||||||
| Reversal of impairment of associate | 14 | 30 | - | |||||||
| 55 | - | |||||||||
| Â | ||||||||||
| Â | ||||||||||
| Profit before income tax | 7,704 | 5,078 | ||||||||
| Income tax (charge) | 8 | (995) | (457) | |||||||
| Profit for the year | 6,709 | 4,621 | ||||||||
| Â | ||||||||||
| Â | ||||||||||
| Profit attributable to: | ||||||||||
| Owners of the parent company | 6,037 | 4,094 | ||||||||
| Non-controlling interest | 24 | 672 | 527 | |||||||
| Profit for the year | 6,709 | 4,621 | ||||||||
| Â | ||||||||||
| Â | Â | |||||||||
| Earnings per share (pence) | 7 | 9.71 | 6.82 | |||||||
| Â | Â | |||||||||
| Diluted earnings per share (pence) | 7 | 9.56 | 6.79 |
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME
| Â | Â | Â | 2016 | Â | Â | 2015 | |||
| Notes | £000's | £000's | |||||||
| Â | |||||||||
| Profit for the year | 6,709 | 4,621 | |||||||
| Â | |||||||||
| Other comprehensive income (net of related tax effects): | |||||||||
| Items that will or may be reclassified to (loss)/profit in future periods: | |||||||||
| Foreign currency translation differences | (198) | 350 | |||||||
| Items that will not be reclassified: | |||||||||
| Defined benefit plan actuarial gains/(losses) | 21 | 27 | (55) | ||||||
| Revaluation of property | 108 | 44 | |||||||
| Deferred tax on revaluations | (22) | (9) | |||||||
| Other comprehensive income for the year | (85) | 330 | |||||||
| Â | |||||||||
| Total comprehensive income for the year | 6,624 | 4,951 | |||||||
| Â | |||||||||
| Attributable to: | |||||||||
| Owners of the parent company | 6,049 | 4,090 | |||||||
| Non-controlling interest | 24 | 575 | 861 | ||||||
| 6,624 | 4,951 | ||||||||
All items listed in other comprehensive income have gone through reserves and are shown in the consolidated statement of changes in equity.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF CHANGES IN EQUITY
| CONSOLIDATED | Â | Attributable to the owners of the Parent | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | ||||||||||||
| Share | Â | Share | Â | Treasury | Â | Revaluation | Other | Retained | Total | Non-controlling | Total | ||||||||
| Capital | Premium | Reserve | Reserve | Reserves | Earnings | Interest | Equity | ||||||||||||
| Account | |||||||||||||||||||
| £000's | £000's | £000's | £000's | £000's | £000's | £000's | £000's | £000's | |||||||||||
| Â | |||||||||||||||||||
| Balance as at 31 March 2014 | 3,124 | 53,429 | (5,217) | 533 | 1,816 | 16,955 | 70,640 | 2,168 | 72,808 | ||||||||||
| Â | |||||||||||||||||||
| Profit for the year | - | - | - | - | - | 4,094 | 4,094 | 527 | 4,621 | ||||||||||
| Other comprehensive income: | |||||||||||||||||||
| Foreign currency differences | - | - | - | - | - | 16 | 16 | 334 | 350 | ||||||||||
| Actuarial (losses) on pension scheme assets | - | - | - | - | - | (55) | (55) | - | (55) | ||||||||||
| Revaluation of investment property | - | - | - | 44 | - | - | 44 | - | 44 | ||||||||||
| Deferred taxation | - | - | - | (9) | - | - | (9) | - | (9) | ||||||||||
| Total comprehensive income for the year | - | - | - | 35 | - | 4,055 | 4,090 | 861 | 4,951 | ||||||||||
| Transactions with owners recorded directly in equity | |||||||||||||||||||
| Contributions by and distributions to owners | |||||||||||||||||||
| Â | |||||||||||||||||||
| Issue of shares in the year | 33 | 769 | - | - | - | - | 802 | - | 802 | ||||||||||
| Purchase of shares into treasury | - | - | - | - | - | (17) | (17) | - | (17) | ||||||||||
| Share-based payments | - | - | - | - | 252 | - | 252 | - | 252 | ||||||||||
| Transfers on expiry of options | - | - | - | - | (293) | 293 | - | - | - | ||||||||||
| Dividends relating to 2014 | - | - | - | - | - | (2,515) | (2,515) | - | (2,515) | ||||||||||
| Transactions with owners recorded directly in equity | 33 | 769 | - | - | (41) | (2,239) | (1,478) | - | (1,478) | ||||||||||
| Balance as at 31 March 2015 | 3,157 | 54,198 | (5,217) | 568 | 1,775 | 18,771 | 73,252 | 3,029 | 76,281 | ||||||||||
| Profit for the year | - | - | - | - | - | 6,037 | 6,037 | 672 | 6,709 | ||||||||||
| Other comprehensive income: | |||||||||||||||||||
| Foreign currency differences | - | - | - | - | - | (101) | (101) | (97) | (198) | ||||||||||
| Actuarial gains on pension scheme assets | - | - | - | - | - | 27 | 27 | - | 27 | ||||||||||
| Revaluation of freehold property | - | - | - | 108 | - | - | 108 | - | 108 | ||||||||||
| Deferred taxation | Â | Â | Â | (22) | - | - | (22) | - | (22) | ||||||||||
| Total comprehensive income for the year | - | - | - | 86 | - | 5,963 | 6,049 | 575 | 6,624 | ||||||||||
| Transactions with owners recorded directly in equity | |||||||||||||||||||
| Contributions by and distributions to owners | |||||||||||||||||||
| Movement in Treasury Reserve arising from disposal of jointly owned shares | - | - | 4,073 | - | - | - | 4,073 | - | 4,073 | ||||||||||
| Issue of shares in the year | 48 | 1,392 | - | - | - | - | 1,440 | - | 1,440 | ||||||||||
| Purchase of shares into treasury | - | - | - | - | - | (43) | (43) | - | (43) | ||||||||||
| Share-based payments | - | - | - | - | 326 | - | 326 | - | 326 | ||||||||||
| Transfers on expiry of options | - | - | - | - | (73) | 73 | - | - | - | ||||||||||
| Dividends relating to 2015 | - | - | - | - | - | (2,940) | (2,940) | (402) | (3,342) | ||||||||||
| Transactions with owners | 48 | 1,392 | 4,073 | - | 253 | (2,910) | 2,856 | (402) | 2,454 | ||||||||||
| Balance as at 31 March 2016 | 3,205 | 55,590 | (1,144) | 654 | 2,028 | 21,824 | 82,157 | 3,202 | 85,359 | ||||||||||
STATEMENT OF CHANGES IN EQUITY
| COMPANY | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | ||||||||
| Share | Share | Treasury | Revaluation | Other | Retained | Total | |||||||||
| Capital | Premium | Reserve | Reserve | Reserves | Earnings | ||||||||||
| Account | |||||||||||||||
| £000's | £000's | £000's | £000's | £000's | £000's | £000's | |||||||||
| Â | |||||||||||||||
| Balance as at 31 March 2014 | 3,124 | 53,429 | (5,217) | 264 | 1,816 | 10,399 | 63,815 | ||||||||
| Â | |||||||||||||||
| Profit for the year | - | - | - | - | - | 4,760 | 4,760 | ||||||||
| Other comprehensive income: | |||||||||||||||
| Â | |||||||||||||||
| Actuarial (losses) on pension scheme assets | - | - | - | - | - | (55) | (55) | ||||||||
| Revaluation of investment property | - | - | - | 44 | - | - | 44 | ||||||||
| Deferred taxation | - | - | - | (9) | - | - | (9) | ||||||||
| Total comprehensive income for the year | - | - | - | 35 | - | 4,705 | 4,740 | ||||||||
| Transactions with owners recorded directly in equity | |||||||||||||||
| Contributions by and distributions to owners | |||||||||||||||
| Â | |||||||||||||||
| Issue of shares in the year | 33 | 769 | - | - | - | - | 802 | ||||||||
| Share-based payments | - | - | - | - | 252 | - | 252 | ||||||||
| Purchase of shares into treasury | - | - | - | - | - | (17) | (17) | ||||||||
| Transfers on expiry of options | - | - | - | - | (293) | 293 | - | ||||||||
| Dividends relating to 2014 | - | - | - | - | - | (2,515) | (2,515) | ||||||||
| Transactions with owners | 33 | 769 | - | - | (41) | (2,239) | (1,478) | ||||||||
| Balance as at 31 March 2015 | 3,157 | 54,198 | (5,217) | 299 | 1,775 | 12,865 | 67,077 | ||||||||
| Profit for the year | - | - | - | - | 91 | 91 | |||||||||
| Other comprehensive income: | |||||||||||||||
| Actuarial gains on pension scheme assets | - | - | - | - | - | 27 | 27 | ||||||||
| Revaluation of property | - | - | - | 108 | - | - | 108 | ||||||||
| Deferred taxation | - | - | - | (22) | - | - | (22) | ||||||||
| Total comprehensive income for the year | - | - | - | 86 | - | 118 | 204 | ||||||||
| Transactions with owners recorded directly in equity | |||||||||||||||
| Contributions by and distributions to owners | |||||||||||||||
| Issue of shares in the year | 48 | 1,392 | - | - | - | - | 1,440 | ||||||||
| Movement in Treasury Reserve arising from disposal of shares | - | - | 4,073 | - | - | - | 4,073 | ||||||||
| Share-based payments | - | - | - | - | 326 | - | 326 | ||||||||
| Purchase of shares into treasury | - | - | - | - | - | (43) | (43) | ||||||||
| Transfers on expiry of options | - | - | - | - | (73) | 73 | - | ||||||||
| Dividends relating to 2015 | - | - | - | - | - | (2,940) | (2,940) | ||||||||
| Transactions with owners | 48 | 1,392 | 4,073 | - | 253 | (2,910) | 2,856 | ||||||||
| Balance as at 31 March 2016 | 3,205 | 55,590 | (1,144) | 385 | 2,028 | 10,073 | 70,137 | ||||||||
STATEMENTS OF FINANCIAL POSITION (CO. NUMBER: 01818170)
| Â | Â | Group | Â | Â | Company | Â | |||||
| 2016 | 2015 | 2016 | 2015 | ||||||||
| Notes | £000's | £000's | £000's | £000's | |||||||
| Non-current assets | |||||||||||
| Intangible assets | 11 | 49,337 | 45,660 | - | - | ||||||
| Property, plant and equipment | 12 | 1,833 | 1,619 | 738 | 640 | ||||||
| Investment property | 13 | 185 | 189 | 185 | 189 | ||||||
| Investments | 14 | 64 | 9 | 20,082 | 20,082 | ||||||
| 51,419 | 47,477 | 21,005 | 20,911 | ||||||||
| Current assets | |||||||||||
| Inventories | 15 | 15,593 | 9,833 | 925 | - | ||||||
| Trade and other receivables | 16 | 13,629 | 11,522 | 41,409 | 36,505 | ||||||
| Income tax recoverable | 140 | 39 | - | - | |||||||
| Other taxes and social security | 517 | 110 | 309 | 8 | |||||||
| Cash and cash equivalents | 18 | 15,665 | 20,091 | 7,109 | 13,219 | ||||||
| Â | |||||||||||
| Total current assets | 45,544 | 41,595 | 49,752 | 49,732 | |||||||
| Â | |||||||||||
| Liabilities | |||||||||||
| Trade and other payables | 19 | (10,373) | (9,542) | (229) | (931) | ||||||
| Short -term borrowings | 20 | - | (2,356) | - | (2,356) | ||||||
| Income tax | (280) | (223) | - | - | |||||||
| Other taxes and social security | (240) | (343) | (156) | (69) | |||||||
| Dividends | (38) | (35) | (38) | (35) | |||||||
| Current liabilities | (10,931) | (12,499) | (423) | (3,391) | |||||||
| Net current assets | 34,613 | 29,096 | 49,329 | 46,341 | |||||||
| Total assets less current liabilities | 86,032 | 76,573 | 70,334 | 67,252 | |||||||
| Â | |||||||||||
| Non current liabilities | |||||||||||
| Provisions | |||||||||||
| Deferred tax | 17 | (573) | (192) | (97) | (75) | ||||||
| Dilapidations on property leases | (100) | (100) | (100) | (100) | |||||||
| TOTAL ASSETS LESS TOTAL LIABILITIES | 85,359 | 76,281 | 70,137 | 67,077 | |||||||
| Â | |||||||||||
| EQUITY | |||||||||||
| Issued share capital | 23 | 3,205 | 3,157 | 3,205 | 3,157 | ||||||
| Share premium account | 55,590 | 54,198 | 55,590 | 54,198 | |||||||
| Treasury reserve | (1,144) | (5,217) | (1,144) | (5,217) | |||||||
| Revaluation reserve | 654 | 568 | 385 | 299 | |||||||
| Other reserves | 26 | 2,028 | 1,775 | 2,028 | 1,775 | ||||||
| Retained earnings | 21,824 | 18,771 | 10,073 | 12,865 | |||||||
| 82,157 | 73,252 | 70,137 | 67,077 | ||||||||
| Non-controlling interests | 24 | 3,202 | 3,029 | - | - | ||||||
| TOTAL EQUITY | 85,359 | 76,281 | 70,137 | 67,077 |
Approved by the Board and authorised for issue on 30 June 2016
Peter Lawrence Director
STATEMENT OF CASHFLOWS
| Â | Â | Group | Â | Group | Â | Company | Â | Company | |||
| 2016 | 2015 | 2016 | 2015 | ||||||||
| Notes | £000's | £000's | £000's | £000's | |||||||
| Cash flows from operating activities | |||||||||||
| Profit before income tax | 7,704 | 5,078 | 94 | 4,761 | |||||||
| Adjustment for: | |||||||||||
| Net finance (income)/costs | 6 | (201) | 259 | (635) | 503 | ||||||
| Depreciation | 12 & 13 | 242 | 186 | 20 | 20 | ||||||
| (Profit)/loss on disposal of non-current assets | (2) | 41 | - | - | |||||||
| Amortisation of intangible assets | 11 | 2,681 | 2,538 | - | - | ||||||
| Impairment of intangible assets | - | 256 | - | - | |||||||
| Pension payments | 21 | (55) | (59) | (55) | (59) | ||||||
| Pension operating costs | 21 | - | 4 | - | 4 | ||||||
| Share of associate's results | 14 | (25) | - | - | - | ||||||
| Reversal of impairment of associate | 14 | (30) | - | - | - | ||||||
| Share based payments | 22 | 326 | 252 | 326 | 252 | ||||||
| Â | |||||||||||
| Operating cash flows before movements in working capital | 10,640 | 8,555 | (250) | 5,481 | |||||||
| Â | |||||||||||
| Change in inventories | (5,761) | (2,861) | (925) | - | |||||||
| Change in receivables | (2,432) | (1,460) | (5,122) | (2,503) | |||||||
| Change in payables | 728 | 3,463 | (616) | 886 | |||||||
| Â | |||||||||||
| Cash generated from/(absorbed by) operations | 3,175 | 7,697 | (6,913) | 3,864 | |||||||
| Finance costs | (7) | (31) | (6) | (533) | |||||||
| Income tax | (680) | (446) | (3) | - | |||||||
| Net cash from/(absorbed by) operating activities | 2,488 | 7,220 | (6,922) | 3,331 | |||||||
| Â | |||||||||||
| Cash flows from investing activities | |||||||||||
| Acquisition of property, plant and equipment | 12 | (364) | (778) | (6) | (3) | ||||||
| Disposal of property, plant and equipment | 6 | 9 | - | - | |||||||
| Purchase of intangibles | 11 | (6,358) | (5,280) | - | - | ||||||
| Purchase of own shares | (43) | (17) | (43) | (17) | |||||||
| Finance income | 6 | 67 | 68 | 642 | 30 | ||||||
| Net cash (used in)/from investing activities | (6,692) | (5,998) | 593 | 10 | |||||||
| Â | |||||||||||
| Cash flows from financing activities | |||||||||||
| Proceeds from issue of share capital and sale of jointly owned shares | 5,513 | 802 | 5,513 | 802 | |||||||
| Dividends paid | (3,437) | (2,510) | (2,938) | (2,510) | |||||||
| Net cash from/(used in) financing activities | 2,076 | (1,708) | 2,575 | (1,708) | |||||||
| Net (decrease)/increase in cash and cash equivalents | (2,128) | (486) | (3,754) | 1,633 | |||||||
| Foreign exchange movements | 58 | (19) | - | - | |||||||
| Balance at 1 April 2015 | 17,735 | 18,240 | 10,863 | 9,230 | |||||||
| Â | |||||||||||
| Balance at 31 March 2016 | 18 | 15,665 | 17,735 | 7,109 | 10,863 |
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
1. General information
Eco Animal Health Group plc (“the companyâ€) and its subsidiaries (together “the groupâ€) manufacture and supply animal health products globally.
The Company is traded on the AIM market of the London Stock Exchange and is incorporated and domiciled in the UK. The address of its registered office is 78 Coombe Road, New Malden, Surrey, KT3 4QS.
2. Summary of significant accounting policies
2.1 Basis of preparation
The group has presented its annual report and accounts in accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS), as adopted by the European Union, IFRIC interpretations and the Companies Act 2006 applicable to companies reporting under IFRS.
The preparation of financial statements, in conformity with IFRS as adopted by the European Union, requires the use of estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenue and expenses during the reporting period. Although these estimates are based on management’s best knowledge of the amount, event or actions, actual results ultimately may differ from those estimates.
The estimates and underlying assumptions are reviewed on an ongoing basis. Revisions to accounting estimates are recognised in the period in which the estimate is revised if the revision affects only that period or in the period of the revision and future periods if the revision affects both current and future periods.
The principal accounting policies of the group are set out below and have been applied consistently in dealing with items which are considered material in relation to the Group’s financial statements.
2.2 Adoption of new and revised standards
The following amendments to existing standards and interpretations were effective for periods beginning after 1 January 2015, but the adoption of these amendments to existing standards and interpretations did not have a material impact on the financial statements of the Group:
- IAS 19 – (Amendments) Defined Benefit Plans – Employee Contributions
- IAS 39 – (Amendments) Novation of Derivatives and Continuation of Hedge Accounting
- IFRIC 21 – Levies
The following new standards, amendments and interpretations to existing standards have been published that are mandatory for accounting periods beginning after 1 January 2016 (unless otherwise stated) and have not been applied in preparing these consolidated financial statements.
- IAS 1 – Disclosure Initiative
- IAS 16 and IAS 38 – Clarification of Acceptable Methods of Depreciation and Amortisation
- IAS 16 and IAS 41 – Bearer Plants
- IAS 27 – Equity Method in Separate Financial Statements
- IAS 28 and IFRS 10 – Sale or Contribution of Assets between an Investor and its Associate or Joint Venture
- IAS 28, IFRS 10 and IFRS 12 – Investment Entities: Applying the consolidation exception
- IFRS 9 – Financial Instruments (effective 1 January 2018)
- IFRS 11 – Accounting for Acquisitions of Interests in Joint Operations
- IFRS 14 – Regulatory Deferral Accounts
- IFRS 15 – Revenue from contracts with customers (effective from 1 January 2017)
- IFRS 16 – Leases (effective from 1 January 2019)
The directors do not expect that the adoption of the Standards and Interpretations listed above will have a material impact on the financial statements of the Group in future periods.
Beyond the information above, it is not practicable to provide a reasonable estimate of the effect of these standards until a detailed review has been completed.
2.3 Basis of consolidation
The consolidated financial statements comprise the accounts of the Company and its subsidiaries drawn up to 31 March 2016.
An entity is classed as a subsidiary of the Company when as a result of contractual arrangements the Company has the power to govern its financial and operating policies so as to obtain benefits from its activities.
The purchase method of accounting is used to account for the acquisition of subsidiaries by the Group. The cost of an acquisition is measured, as the fair value of the assets given, equity instruments issued and liabilities incurred or assumed at the date of exchange. Identifiable assets acquired and contingent liabilities assumed in a business combination are measured initially at their fair values at the acquisition date, irrespective of the extent of any minority interest. The excess of the cost of acquisition over the fair value of the Group’s share of the identifiable net assets acquired is recorded as goodwill. If the cost of acquisition is less than the fair value, the difference is recognised directly in the income statement.
Accounting policies have been changed where material to ensure consistency with the policies adopted by the Group. Although the subsidiaries in Brazil and China and the Joint Operations in the USA and Canada all have December year ends, the Group uses management accounts to the end of March to prepare the Group accounts.
Subsidiaries are wholly consolidated from the date on which control is transferred to the Group. They are deconsolidated from the date that control ceases.
Intercompany transactions, balances and unrealised gains on transactions between group companies are eliminated on consolidation.
2.4 Segment reporting
Operating segments are reported in a manner consistent with the internal reporting to the chief operating decision-maker. The chief operating decision-maker who is responsible for allocating resources and assessing performance of the operating segments has been identified as the Board.
2.5 Foreign currency translation
(a) Functional and presentational currency
Items included in the financial statements of each of the Group’s entities are measured using the currency of the primary economic environment in which the entity operates (“functional currencyâ€). The consolidated financial statements are presented in Pounds Sterling, which is the Company’s functional and the Group’s presentational currency.
(b) Transactions and balances
Monetary assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currencies are translated into Pounds Sterling at the rates of exchange ruling at the date of the financial statements.
Foreign currency transactions are translated into the functional currency using the exchange rates prevailing at the date of the transactions. Foreign exchange gains and losses resulting from the settlement of such transactions and from the translation at period end exchange rates of monetary assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currencies are recognised in the income statement.
Foreign exchange gains and losses that relate to borrowing and cash and cash equivalents are presented in the income statement within finance income or finance costs.
(c) Group companies
The results and financial position of all Group entities that have a functional currency different from the presentation currency are translated into the presentation currency as follows;
- assets and liabilities for each balance sheet presented are translated at the closing exchange rate at the date of the balance sheet;
- income and expenses for each income statement are translated at average exchange rates unless this average is not a reasonable approximation of the cumulative effect of the rates prevailing on the transaction dates, in which case the income and expenses are translated at the rate on the dates of the transaction; and
- all resulting exchange differences are recognised as a separate component of equity.
When a foreign operation is partially disposed or sold, exchange differences that were recognised in equity are recognised in the income statement as part of the gain or loss on sale. Goodwill and fair value adjustments arising on the acquisition of a foreign entity are treated as assets and liabilities of the foreign entity and translated at the closing exchange rate.
2.6 Financial instruments
a) Non-derivative financial assets
The Group initially recognises loans and receivables and deposits on the date that they are originated. All other financial assets (including assets designated at fair value through profit or loss) are recognised initially on the trade date at which the Group becomes a party to the contractual provisions of the instrument.
The Group derecognises a financial asset when the contractual rights to the cash flows from the asset expire, or it transfers the rights to receive the contractual cash flows from the financial asset in a transaction in which substantially all the risks and rewards of ownership of the financial asset are transferred. Any interest in transferred financial assets that is created or retained by the Group is recognised as a separate asset or liability.
Financial assets and liabilities are offset and the net amount presented in the statement of financial position when, and only when, the Group has a legal right to offset the amounts and intends to settle on a net basis or to realise the asset and settle the liability simultaneously.
The Group has the following non-derivative financial assets:
b) Loans and receivables
Loans and receivables are financial assets with fixed or determinable payments that are not quoted in an active market. Such assets are recognised initially at fair value plus any directly attributable transaction costs. Subsequent to initial recognition loans and receivables are measured at amortised cost using the effective interest method, less any impairment losses.
Loans and receivables comprise trade and other receivables and cash and cash equivalents.
Cash and cash equivalents comprise cash balances and call deposits with original maturities of three months or less. Bank overdrafts that are repayable on demand and form an integral part of the Group’s cash management are included as a component of cash and cash equivalents for the purpose of the statement of cash flows.
c) Non-derivative financial liabilities
All financial liabilities (including liabilities designated at fair value through profit or loss) are recognised initially on the date at which the Group becomes a party to the contractual provisions of the instrument.
The Group derecognises a financial liability when its contractual obligations are discharged or cancelled or expire.
The Group has the following non-derivative financial liabilities: bank overdrafts and trade and other payables.
Such financial liabilities are recognised initially at fair value plus any directly attributable transaction costs. Subsequent to initial recognition these financial liabilities are measured at amortised cost using the effective interest method.
2.7 Goodwill
Goodwill arising on the acquisition of an entity represents the excess of the costs of acquisition over the Group’s interest in the net fair value of the identifiable assets, liabilities and contingent liabilities of the entity recognised at the date of acquisition.
Goodwill is initially recognised as an asset at cost and is subsequently measured at cost less any accumulated impairment losses. Goodwill is not subject to amortisation but is tested for impairment.
Negative goodwill arising on an acquisition is recognised directly in the income statement. On disposal of a subsidiary or a jointly controlled entity, the attributable amount of goodwill is included in the determination of the profit or loss recognised in the income statement on disposal. Goodwill arising before the date of transition to IFRS, on 1 April 2004, has been retained at the previous UK GAAP amounts, subject to being tested for impairment at that date. Goodwill written off to reserves under UK GAAP prior to 1998 has not been reinstated and is not included in determining any subsequent profit or loss on disposal.
2.8 Other intangible assets
Drug registrations, patents and licences
The Group recognises internally generated or externally acquired intangible assets at cost and subsequently recognises them at cost less accumulated amortisation and impairment losses. Intangible assets acquired as part of a business combination are recognised at fair value.
Expenditure on drug registrations and licences is recognised as an internally generated or externally acquired intangible asset only if all the following conditions are met:
- an asset is created that can be identified
- it is probable that the asset created will generate future economic benefits: and
- the development cost of the asset can be measured reliably.
All drug registrations and licences have previously been amortised on a straight-line basis over their useful economic life of 10 years. However, following the granting of Aivlosin’s® first marketing authorisation in the USA in July 2012, which greatly increased the economic potential of the product, management revised their estimate of the useful life of the Aivlosin drug registrations only from 10 to 20 years and in accordance with IAS8 have amortised the remaining book value of the Aivlosin registrations over the remainder of the useful life of these registrations from that date.
Distribution rights
Distribution rights are recognised at cost and amortised on a straight line basis over their estimated useful economic life of 20 years. They are reviewed for impairment when any indication of potential impairment exists.
2.9 Property, plant and equipment and depreciation
Plant and equipment are stated at cost less depreciation. Depreciation is provided at rates calculated to write off the cost less estimated residual value of each asset over its expected useful life, as follows;
| Plant and machinery | Â | 20% on cost | |
| Fixtures, fittings and equipment | 20% on cost | ||
| Motor Vehicles | 25% on cost |
Freehold land and buildings are stated at valuation less depreciation. The property is professionally valued by a qualified surveyor at least once every three years. Surpluses and deficits arising from the periodic valuations are taken to the revaluation reserve in the statement of financial position and are recognised in the statement of comprehensive income for the year. Depreciation is provided at a rate calculated to write off the valuation less estimated residual value over the remaining useful life of the building at a rate of 2 per cent per annum. Land is not depreciated.
2.10 Impairment of non-financial assets
The carrying amounts of the Group’s assets are reviewed at each year end, to determine whether there is any indication of impairment. If any such indication exists, the asset’s recoverable amount is estimated in order to determine the impairment loss if any. The recoverable amount is the higher of its fair value and its value in use. For intangible assets with an indefinite useful life, an impairment test is performed at each year end.
In assessing value in use, the expected future cash flows from the asset are discounted to their present value using a pre-tax discount rate that reflects current market assessments of the time value of money and the risks specific to the asset. An impairment loss is recognised in the income statement whenever the carrying amount of an asset or its cash-generating unit exceeds its recoverable amount.
A previously recognised impairment loss is reversed if the recoverable amount increases as a result of a change in the estimates used to determine the recoverable amount, but not to an amount higher than the carrying amount that would have been determined (net of depreciation) had no impairment loss been recognised in prior years.
2.11 Investment property
The investment property is property held either to earn rental income or for capital appreciation or for both, but not for sale in the ordinary course of business, use in the production or supply of goods or services or for administrative purposes. Investment property is measured at cost on initial recognition and subsequently at its valuation less any accumulated impairment and depreciation.
The property is professionally valued by a qualified surveyor at least once every three years. Surpluses and deficits arising from the periodic valuations are taken to the revaluation reserve in the statement of financial position and are recognised in the statement of comprehensive income for the year. Depreciation is provided on a straight line basis over the property’s expected useful economic life of 50 years.
2.12 Investments
Non-current asset investments are stated at fair value, including transaction costs, less impairment. They are recognised or derecognised on the date when the contract for acquisition or disposal requires the delivery of that investment.
Investments in subsidiaries are stated at cost less impairment in the Parent Company’s statement of financial position.
An impairment is recognised in profit or loss when there is objective evidence that the asset is impaired and is measured on the difference between the investment’s carrying amount and the present value of estimated future cash flows discounted at the effective interest rate adjusted for a risk premium. Impairment losses are reversed in subsequent periods when an increase in the investment’s recoverable amount can be related objectively to an event occurring after the impairment was recognised, subject to the restriction that the carrying amount of the investment at the date the impairment is reversed shall not exceed what the amortised costs would have been had the impairment not been recognised.
Investments classified as available-for-sale are stated at fair value. Where securities are held for trading purposes, gains and losses arising from changes in fair value are included in net profit or loss for the period. For available-for-sale investments, gains and losses arising from changes in fair value are recognised directly in equity, until the security is disposed of or is determined to be impaired, at which time the cumulative gain or loss previously recognised in equity, determined using the weighted average cost method, is included in the net profit or loss for the period.
2.13 Interest in joint operations
A joint operation is a contractual arrangement whereby the Group and other parties undertake an economic activity that is subject to joint control; that is, when the strategic financial and operating policy decisions relating to the activities require the unanimous consent of the parties sharing control.
The group accounts for its interest in joint operations using proportional consolidation, as it has rights to substantially all of the economic benefits of the assets and obligations for the liabilities shown in these financial statements relating to those operations. Under proportional representation, the Group’s share of the assets, liabilities, income, expenses and cash flows of jointly controlled entities are combined with the equivalent items in the results on a line by line basis.
2.14 Investments in Associates
An associate is an entity in which an investor has significant influence but not control or joint control. Significant influence is defined as “the power to participate in the financial and operating policy decisions but not to control themâ€.
The group reports its interests in associates using the equity method of accounting. Under this method, an equity investment is initially recorded at cost (subject to initial fair value adjustment if acquired as part of the acquisition of a subsidiary), and is subsequently adjusted to reflect the group’s share of the net profit or loss of the associate. If the group’s share of losses of an associate equals or exceeds its “interest in the associateâ€, the group discontinues recognising its share of further losses. If the associate subsequently reports profits, the investor resumes recognising its share of those profits only after its share of the profits equals the share of losses not recognised.
During the year, one associated company, ECOPharma.com (which had previously had insignificant net assets) was recognised in the consolidated financial statements for the first time.
2.15 Leasing
The Group leases certain property, plant and equipment.
Assets obtained under finance leases, where the Group has substantially all the risks and rewards of ownership are capitalised as property, plant and equipment and depreciated over the shorter of the lease term and their useful lives. Obligations under such agreements are included in borrowings net of the financial charge allocated to future periods. The financial element of the rental payment is charged to the income statement so as to produce constant periodic rates of charge on the net obligations outstanding in each period.
Leases in which a significant portion of the risks and rewards of ownership are retained by the lessor are classified as operating leases. Payments made under operating leases are charged to the income statement on a straight-line basis over the period of the lease.
2.16 Inventories
Inventories (including property under development) are valued at the lower of cost and net realisable value. Cost is determined using the first-in, first-out method. The cost of finished goods comprises raw materials, direct labour and other direct costs. Net realisable value is the estimated selling price in the ordinary course of business, less any costs which would be incurred in completing the goods and rendering them ready for sale.
2.17 Trade receivables
Trade receivables are initially measured at fair value and are subsequently measured at amortised cost using the effective interest rate method. Appropriate allowance for estimated, irrecoverable amounts are recognised in profit or loss when there is objective evidence that the asset is impaired. The allowance recognised is measured as the difference between the asset’s carrying amount and the present value of estimated future cash flows discounted at the effective interest rate computed at initial recognition.
2.18 Cash and cash equivalents
Cash and cash equivalents include cash in hand, deposits held on call with banks, other short-term highly liquid investments with original maturities of three months or less and bank overdrafts. Bank overdrafts are shown within borrowings in current liabilities in the statement of financial position.
2.19 Financial liabilities and equity
Financial liabilities and equity instruments are classified according to the substance of the contractual arrangements entered into. An equity instrument is any contract that evidences a residual interest in the assets of the Group after deducting all of its liabilities.
2.20 Bank borrowings and loans
Interest-bearing bank loans and overdrafts are recorded as the proceeds received, net of direct issue costs (which equate to fair value). Finance charges including premiums payable on settlement or redemption and direct issue costs are accounted for on an accruals basis in profit or loss using the effective interest rate method and are added to the carrying amount of the instrument to the extent that they are not settled in the period in which they arise.
2.21 Trade payables
Trade payables are initially measured at fair value and are subsequently measured at amortised cost using the effective interest rate method.
2.22 Provisions
Provisions are recognised when the Group has a present obligation as a result of a past event and it is probable that the Group will be required to settle the obligation. Provisions are measured at the directors’ best estimate of the expenditure required to settle the obligation outstanding at the year end and are discounted to present value where the effect is material.
2.23 Revenue recognition
Revenue comprises the fair value of the consideration received or receivable for the sale of goods in the ordinary course of the Group’s activities. Revenue is shown net of value added tax, returns, rebates and discounts and after eliminating sales within the Group.
The Group recognises revenue on despatch of the goods (which the directors believe transfers substantially all the risks and rewards of ownership to the buyer). No goods are despatched on a sale or return basis. Distributors trade on their own account and not as agents.
The Group also receives interest, rental income, royalty income and management charges for Non-Executive Director’s and accounting services supplied. The amounts are small and are recognised on an accruals basis.
2.24 Pensions
Defined Contribution Scheme
The pension costs charged against operating profits represent the amount of the contributions payable to the schemes in respect of the accounting period.
Defined Benefit Scheme
The regular cost of providing retirement pensions and related benefits is charged to the income statement over the employees’ service lives on the basis of a constant percentage of earnings. The present value of the defined benefit obligation less the fair value of the plan assets is disclosed as an asset or liability in the statement of financial position in accordance with IAS19. The disclosure of a net defined benefit asset is limited to the present value of any economic benefit available in the form of refunds from the plan or reductions in future contributions to the plan.
Actuarial gains or losses are taken directly to equity in the statement of comprehensive income.
2.25 Share-based payments
The Group has applied the requirements of IFRS2 Share-based payments. In accordance with the transitional provisions, IFRS2 has been applied to all grants of equity instruments after 7 November 2002 that were unvested at 1 January 2005.
The Group issues equity-settled share-based payments to certain employees in exchange for services from those employees. Equity-settled share-based payments are measured at fair value (excluding the effect of non-market based vesting conditions) at the date of grant. The fair value determined at the grant of such equity-settled share-based payments is expensed on a straight-line basis over the vesting period, based on the Group’s estimate of shares that will eventually vest and adjusted for the effect of non-market based vesting conditions (with a corresponding movement in equity).
The Group’s Employee Benefit Trust (“the Trustâ€) was set up on 6 October 2011 to administer the Group’s Joint Share Ownership Plan (JSOP). The trust is funded by loans from the Group, with its assets comprising shares in the Company. The Group recognises the assets and liabilities of the Trust in its own accounts and the carrying value of the Company’s shares held by the Trust are recorded as a deduction in total equity until such a time as the shares vest unconditionally to employees.
Fair value, for both options and jointly owned shares is measured by use of the Black-Scholes model. The expected life used in the model has been adjusted, based on management’s best estimate, for the effects of non-transferability, exercise restrictions and behaviour considerations.
Further details of the inputs to the Black-Scholes model can be found in note 22 to the accounts.
2.26 Taxation
Tax expense for the period comprises current and deferred tax.
Current tax, including UK corporation tax and foreign tax is provided at amounts expected to be paid (or recovered) using the tax rates and laws that have been enacted or substantially enacted by the year end. Tax expenses are recognised in the income statement or statement of comprehensive income according to the treatment of the transactions which give rise to them.
Deferred income tax is recognised, using the liability method, on temporary differences arising between the tax basis of assets and liabilities and their carrying amount in the financial statements.
Deferred income tax is determined using tax rates (and laws) that have been enacted, or substantially enacted, by the date of the statement of financial position and are expected to apply when the related deferred tax asset is realised or deferred tax liability is settled.
Deferred tax assets are recognised only to the extent that it is probable that future taxable profits will be available against which the temporary differences can be utilised.
2.27 Equity
Ordinary shares are classified as equity. Incremental costs directly attributable to the issue of new shares or options are shown in equity as a deduction, net of tax, from the proceeds.
Amounts arising on the restructuring of equity and reserves to protect creditor interests are credited to the capital redemption reserve.
The cost of its own shares bought into treasury by the company is debited to retained earnings as required by the Companies Act 2006. A subsequent sale of these shares would result in this entry being wholly or partly reversed with any profit on the sale being credited to Share Premium.
The Treasury reserve arises when the Company issues equity share capital under its Joint Share Ownership Plan, which is held in trust by ECO Animal Health Group plc Employee Benefit Trust. The interests of this trust are consolidated into the Group’s financial statements and the relevant amount treated as a reduction in equity. The expenses of the trust are included in the consolidated income statement.
2.28 Non-controlling (minority) interest
For each business combination, the Group elects to measure any non-controlling interest in the acquiree either at fair value or at their proportionate share of the acquiree’s identifiable net assets which are generally at fair value. Changes in the Group’s interest in a subsidiary that do not result in a loss of control are accounted for as transactions with owners in their capacity as owner. Adjustments to non-controlling interests are based on a proportionate amount of the net assets of the subsidiary. No adjustments are made to goodwill and no gain or loss is recognised in the statement of profit or loss.
2.29 Dividend distribution
Final dividend distributions to the Company’s shareholders are recognised as liabilities in the financial statements in the period in which they are approved by the Company’s shareholders. Interim dividends are recognised when they are paid.
2.30 Critical accounting estimates and judgements
The Group makes estimates and assumptions concerning the future. The resulting accounting estimates will, by definition, seldom equal the related actual results. The estimates and assumptions that have a significant risk of causing a material adjustment to the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities within the next financial year are:
(a) Estimated impairment value of intangible assets
The Group tests annually whether intangible assets with indefinite life have suffered any impairment. Other intangible assets are reviewed for impairment when an indication of potential impairment exists. Impairment provisions are recorded as applicable based on directors’ estimates of recoverable values. Details of the impairment reviews performed can be found in note 11 of the financial statements.
(b) Income taxes
The Group is subject to income taxes predominantly in the United Kingdom but also in other jurisdictions.
Significant estimates are required in determining the provision for income taxes. There are some transactions and calculations for which the ultimate tax determination is uncertain. The Group recognises assets and liabilities based on estimates of the final agreed position.
Where the final tax outcome of these matters is different from the amounts that were initially recorded, such differences will impact the income tax and deferred tax provisions in the period in which such determination is made.
(c) Pension scheme
The Group maintains one defined benefit pension scheme which has been accounted for according to the provisions of IAS19. Although the assumptions were determined by a qualified actuary, any change in those assumptions may materially impact the financial position and results of the Group. Details of the assumptions used can be found in note 21 of the financial statements.
(d) Share-based payments
The charge to the Income Statement in respect of share-based payments has been externally calculated using management’s best estimates of the amount of options expected to vest and various other inputs to the Black-Scholes model, as disclosed in note 22. Any variation in those assumptions may have a material impact on the Group’s future results and financial position.
3. Segment information
Management has determined the operating segments based on the reports reviewed by the Board that are used to make strategic decisions. The Board considers the business from a geographical perspective. Geographically, management considers the performance in the UK and Europe, the Far East, Latin America, North America and the Middle East and Africa.
Management considers Earnings before Interest, Tax, Depreciation and Amortisation (“EBITDAâ€), adjusted for share-based payments.
| Â | Corporate/U.K. | Â | Europe | Â | Far East | Â | Latin America | Â | North America | Â |
Middle East |
 | Total | ||
| £000's | £000's | £000's | £000's | £000's | £000's | £000's | |||||||||
| Â | |||||||||||||||
| Year ended 31 March 2016 | |||||||||||||||
| Total segmental revenue | 1,202 | 6,943 | 29,024 | 11,372 | 16,287 | 1,693 | 66,521 | ||||||||
| Inter-segment revenue | - | - | (6,128) | (4,067) | (9,188) | - | (19,383) | ||||||||
| Â | |||||||||||||||
| Revenue from external customers | 1,202 | 6,943 | 22,896 | 7,305 | 7,099 | 1,693 | 47,138 | ||||||||
| Â | |||||||||||||||
| Sale of goods | 1,202 | 6,943 | 22,896 | 7,305 | 7,099 | 1,535 | 46,980 | ||||||||
| Royalties | - | - | - | - | - | 158 | 158 | ||||||||
| 1,202 | 6,943 | 22,896 | 7,305 | 7,099 | 1,693 | 47,138 | |||||||||
| Â | |||||||||||||||
| Adjusted EBITDA | (1,269) | 1,388 | 6,913 | 1,019 | 2,275 | 369 | 10,695 | ||||||||
| Total assets | 20,429 | 12,589 | 32,451 | 15,882 | 11,059 | 4,553 | 96,963 | ||||||||
| Â | |||||||||||||||
| Â | |||||||||||||||
| Year ended 31 March 2015 | |||||||||||||||
| Total segmental revenue | 885 | 6,609 | 21,823 | 9,752 | 15,361 | 1,779 | 56,209 | ||||||||
| Inter-segment revenue | - | - | (4,784) | (3,480) | (8,948) | - | (17,212) | ||||||||
| Â | |||||||||||||||
| Revenue from external customers | 885 | 6,609 | 17,039 | 6,272 | 6,413 | 1,779 | 38,997 | ||||||||
| Â | |||||||||||||||
| Sale of goods | 885 | 6,609 | 17,039 | 6,272 | 6,413 | 1,579 | 38,797 | ||||||||
| Royalties | - | - | - | - | - | 200 | 200 | ||||||||
| 885 | 6,609 | 17,039 | 6,272 | 6,413 | 1,779 | 38,997 | |||||||||
| Â | |||||||||||||||
| Adjusted EBITDA | (1,504) | 1,602 | 5,015 | 742 | 2,215 | 540 | 8,610 | ||||||||
| Total assets | 22,775 | 11,581 | 27,193 | 13,547 | 9,166 | 4,810 | 89,072 |
Goodwill and other intangible assets are initially allocated to the geographical segments on the basis of the proportion of sales achieved by each segment.
A reconciliation of adjusted EBITDA to profit before tax is provided as follows:
| Â | 2016 | Â | 2015 | ||
| £000's | £000's | ||||
| Â | |||||
| Adjusted EBITDA for reportable segments | 10,695 | 8,610 | |||
| Depreciation | (242) | (186) | |||
| Profits/(losses) on disposal of fixed assets | 2 | (41) | |||
| Amortisation | (2,681) | (2,538) | |||
| Impairment of intangible assets | - | (256) | |||
| Share-based payment charges | (326) | (252) | |||
| Finance income/(expense) | 201 | (259) | |||
| Share of associate's results | 25 | - | |||
| Reversal of impairment re associate | 30 | - | |||
| Profit before tax on continuing activities | 7,704 | 5,078 |
4. Other income
| Â | Â | Â | 2016 | Â | Â | Â | 2015 | |
| £000's | £000's | |||||||
| Â | ||||||||
| Management charges | 155 | 145 | ||||||
| Rental income | 177 | 143 | ||||||
| Sundry income | 5 | 5 | ||||||
| 337 | 293 |
5. Result from operating activities
| Â | 2016 | Â | 2015 | ||
| £000's | £000's | ||||
| Â | |||||
| Result from operating activities is stated after charging/(crediting) | |||||
| Cost of inventories recognised as an expense | 25,994 | 21,474 | |||
| Employee benefits expenses | 6,034 | 4,797 | |||
| Amortisation of intangible assets | 2,681 | 2,538 | |||
| Impairment of intangible assets | - | 256 | |||
| Depreciation (notes 12 &13) | 242 | 186 | |||
| (Profit)/loss on disposal of assets | (2) | 41 | |||
| Loss/(profit) on foreign exchange transactions | 361 | (41) | |||
| Research and development | 20 | 1 | |||
| Operating lease rentals | 480 | 504 | |||
| Â | |||||
| Fees payable to the Company's auditor for the audit of the parent Company and Group annual accounts | 17 | 19 | |||
| For the audit of the Company's subsidiaries | 36 | 33 | |||
|
Fees payable for audit of the Company's subsidiaries pursuant to legislation |
8 | 6 | |||
| Â | |||||
| 2016 | 2015 | ||||
| £000's | £000's | ||||
|
Earnings due to shareholders before interest, tax, depreciation, amortisation, share-based payments and foreign exchange differences |
|||||
| Profit from operating activities | 7,448 | 5,337 | |||
| Depreciation | 242 | 186 | |||
| (Profit)/loss on disposal of fixed assets | (2) | 41 | |||
| Amortisation | 2,681 | 2,538 | |||
| Impairment of intangible assets | - | 256 | |||
| Share-based payments | 326 | 252 | |||
| Â | |||||
| 10,695 | 8,610 | ||||
| Foreign exchange differences | 361 | (41) | |||
| 11,056 | 8,569 | ||||
6. Finance income/(expense)
| Â | 2016 | Â | 2015 | ||
| £000's | £000's | ||||
| Finance income | |||||
| Interest received on short term bank deposits | 67 | 68 | |||
| Foreign exchange differences on bank loans and overdrafts | 141 | - | |||
| 208 | 68 | ||||
| Finance costs | |||||
| Interest paid | (7) | (31) | |||
| Foreign exchange differences on bank loans and overdrafts | - | (296) | |||
| (7) | (327) |
7. Earnings per share
The calculation of basic earnings per share is based on the post-tax profit for the year divided by the weighted average number of shares in issue during the year.
| Â | 2016 | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | 2015 | Â | Â | ||||||
| Earnings | Weighted average number of shares | Per share amount | Earnings | Weighted average number of shares | Per share amount | ||||||||||
| £000's | 000 | (pence) | £000's | 000 | (pence) | ||||||||||
| Earnings attributable to ordinary shareholders on continuing operations after tax | 6,037 | 62,170 | 9.71 | 4,094 | 60,007 | 6.82 | |||||||||
| Dilutive effect of share options | - | 988 | (0.15) | - | 282 | (0.03) | |||||||||
| Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | ||||||||||
| Fully diluted earnings per share | 6,037 | 63,158 | 9.56 | 4,094 | 60,289 | 6.79 | |||||||||
Diluted earnings per share takes into account the dilutive effect of share options. For the purposes of calculating earnings per share, shares held by the Employee Benefit Trust as part of the Joint Share Ownership Plan are excluded from the calculation of the weighted average number of shares. The weighted average number of shares held by the Trust during the year was 1,521,594 (2015: 2,603,290).
8. Taxation
| Â | 2016 | Â | 2015 | ||
| £000's | £000's | ||||
| Current tax year | |||||
| Foreign corporation tax on profits for the year | 693 | 451 | |||
| Withholding tax on intercompany dividend | 42 | - | |||
| Research and development tax credits claimed | (98) | - | |||
| Â | |||||
| Deferred tax | |||||
| Origination and reversal of temporary differences | 403 | 6 | |||
| Due to change in effective rate | (45) | - | |||
| Â | |||||
| Income tax charge | 995 | 457 | |||
| Â | |||||
| 2016 | 2015 | ||||
| £000's | £000's | ||||
| Factors affecting the tax charge for the year | |||||
| Profit on ordinary activities before taxation | 7,704 | 5,078 | |||
| Â | |||||
| Profit on ordinary activities before taxation multiplied by the applicable rate of UK corporation tax of 20% (2015: 21%) | 1,541 | 1,066 | |||
| Effects of: | |||||
| Non deductible expenses | 358 | 210 | |||
| Non chargable credits | (291) | (190) | |||
| Witholding tax on inter-company dividends | 42 | - | |||
| Enhanced allowance on research and development expenditure | (764) | (829) | |||
| Different tax rate for foreign subsidiaries | 111 | 72 | |||
| Reduced effective deferred tax rate | (45) | - | |||
| Unused tax losses carried forward | 43 | 128 | |||
| Income tax charge | 995 | 457 | |||
| Â | |||||
| 2016 | 2015 | ||||
| % | % | ||||
| Applicable tax rate per UK legislation | 20.00 | 21.00 | |||
| Effects of: | |||||
| Non deductible expenses | 4.65 | 4.14 | |||
| Non chargable credits | (3.77) | (3.75) | |||
| Witholding tax on inter-company dividends | 0.54 | - | |||
| Enhanced allowance on research and development expenditure | (9.92) | (16.32) | |||
| Different tax rate for foreign subsidiaries | 1.44 | 1.43 | |||
| Reduced effective deferred tax rate | (0.58) | - | |||
| Unused tax losses caried forward | 0.56 | 2.51 | |||
| Effective tax rate | 12.92 | 9.01 |
The UK corporation tax rate reduced from 21% to 20% with effect from 1 April 2015. Deferred tax balances at the year end have been measured at 18%, which is expected to be the rate in force when they become payable.
9. Profit for the financial year
| Â | Â | Â | 2016 | Â | Â | Â | 2015 | ||
| £000's | £000's | ||||||||
| Â | |||||||||
| Parent Company's profit for the financial year | 91 | 4,760 |
10. Dividends
| Â | 2016 | Â | 2015 | ||
| £000's | £000's | ||||
| Â | |||||
| Dividend for the period ended 31 March 2014 of 4.2p per ordinary share | - | 2,624 | |||
| Dividend for the period ended 31 March 2015 of 4.75p per ordinary share | 3,020 | - | |||
| Dividend waived by Employee Benefit Trust | (80) | (109) | |||
| Â | Â | ||||
| 2,940 | 2,515 |
The Board is declaring a total dividend of 5.7 pence per share in respect of the year ended 31 March 2016.
11. Intangible fixed assets
| Group | Â | Goodwill | Â | Distribution rights | Â |
Drug registrations, |
 | Total | |
| £000's | £000's | £000's | £000's | ||||||
| Cost | |||||||||
| At 1 April 2014 | 17,930 | 1,266 | 48,252 | 67,448 | |||||
| Additions - internally generated | - | - | 4,786 | 4,786 | |||||
| Additions- acquired separately | - | 176 | 318 | 494 | |||||
| At 1 April 2015 | 17,930 | 1,442 | 53,356 | 72,728 | |||||
| Additions - internally generated | - | - | 5,885 | 5,885 | |||||
| Additions- acquired separately | - | - | 473 | 473 | |||||
| Foreign exchange movements | - | - | (2) | (2) | |||||
| At 31 March 2016 | 17,930 | 1,442 | 59,712 | 79,084 | |||||
| Â | |||||||||
| Amortisation | |||||||||
| At 1 April 2014 | - | 544 | 23,732 | 24,276 | |||||
| Charge for the year | - | 71 | 2,467 | 2,538 | |||||
| Impairment in the year | - | - | 256 | 256 | |||||
| Foreign exchange movements | - | - | (2) | (2) | |||||
| At 1 April 2015 | - | 615 | 26,453 | 27,068 | |||||
| Charge for the year | - | 72 | 2,609 | 2,681 | |||||
| Foreign exchange movements | - | - | (2) | (2) | |||||
| At 31 March 2016 | - | 687 | 29,060 | 29,747 | |||||
| Â | |||||||||
| Net Book Value | |||||||||
| At 31 March 2016 | 17,930 | 755 | 30,652 | 49,337 | |||||
| Â | |||||||||
| At 31 March 2015 | 17,930 | 827 | 26,903 | 45,660 | |||||
| Â | |||||||||
| At 31 March 2014 | 17,930 | 722 | 24,520 | 43,172 |
The amortisation and impairment charges are included within administrative expenses on the income statement.
Distribution rights are amortised over their estimated useful life of 20 years and reviewed for impairment when any indication of potential impairment exists. The remaining amortisation period at the date of the financial statements ranged from 7 to 18 years.
The carrying value of goodwill is attributable to the following cash generating units:
| Entity | Â | Date of acquisition | Â |
£000’s |
|
| Eco Animal Health Limited | 1 October 2004 | 17,359 | |||
| Zhejiang Eco Biok Animal Health Products Limited | 1 April 2007 | 94 | |||
| ECO Animal Health Japan Inc. | 24 December 2009 | 477 | |||
| Â | |||||
| 17,930 | |||||
| ==================== |
Goodwill acquired in a business combination is allocated at acquisition to the cash generating units (CGU’s) that are expected to benefit from the business combination.
The recoverable amounts of the CGU’s are determined from value in use calculations. The key assumptions for the value in use calculations are those regarding discount rates, growth rates and the estimated remaining useful life of the asset which is maintained at 30 years through ongoing investment in the cash generating unit.
The Group prepares cash flow forecasts derived from the most recent financial budgets and projections that are approved by management for the year ahead and then extrapolates them assuming a 3% annual growth rate which is well below the current performance of the existing business. The directors believe that the long term growth rate assumed does not exceed the average long term growth rate for the relevant markets.
Management estimates discount rates using the pre-tax rates that reflect current market assessments of the time value of money and the risks specific to the CGU’s. In the current year management estimated the applicable rate to be 11%. Management considers that there is adequate headroom when comparing the net present value of the cash flows to the carrying value of goodwill to conclude that no impairment is necessary this year. On current assumptions the excess of recoverable amount over carrying value is over £67 million (2015: £55 million).
Management believes that the most significant assumption in the calculation of value in use is the estimated growth rate. However, even if the growth rate were to be zero, the recoverable amount would still be over £43 million more than the carrying value and no impairment would be necessary.
The net book value of Drug registrations and licenses can be broken down as follows:
|  |  |  |  |  | £000's | ||
| Aivlosin | 27,998 | ||||||
| Ecomectin | 1,293 | ||||||
| Others | 1,361 | ||||||
| 30,652 |
Aivlosin is a highly effective antibiotic that treats a range of specific enteric (gut) and respiratory diseases in pigs and poultry, ensuring a rapid return to health. In addition to the welfare benefits, healthy animals gain weight faster, digest food more efficiently and get to market earlier which all bring economic benefit to the farmer. Substantial ongoing product development covering more formulations, species and diseases is expected to substantially further increase its revenue generating potential. The remaining amortisation period is from 7 to 20 years.
Ecomectin is an endectocide that controls worms, ticks, lice and mange in grazing stock and pigs. The remaining amortisation period is 0 to 10 years.
Drug registrations and licences are amortised over their estimated useful lives of 10 to 20 years, which is the directors’ estimate of the time it would take to develop a new product allowing for the Group’s patent protection and the exclusivity period which comes with certain registrations. Given the economic climate the directors have conducted an impairment review in the current year by preparing cash flow projections for the year ahead and extrapolating the results for the remaining life of the registrations assuming zero growth and an 11% discount rate to establish value in use. On the current assumptions the excess of the value in use over carrying value is over £12 million (2015: £5 million).
Fair value calculated as 10 times the current cash generated by the registrations gives an even higher value of £109m and this higher figure determines the recoverable amount, so management has again concluded that no impairment is necessary.
A review of individual projects has not identified any necessary impairment in the year. (2015: £256,000 relating to Carprofen).
12. Property, plant and equipment
| Group | Â |
Land and Buildings |
 | Plant and machinery |  |
Fixtures, fittings |
 | Motor Vehicles |  | Total | |
| £000's | £000's | £000's | £000's | £000's | |||||||
| Cost or valuation | |||||||||||
| At 1 April 2014 | 650 | 1,205 | 473 | 75 | 2,403 | ||||||
| Additions | - | 593 | 158 | 27 | 778 | ||||||
| Foreign exchange movements | - | 153 | - | (5) | 148 | ||||||
| Disposals | - | (524) | - | (11) | (535) | ||||||
| At 1 April 2015 | 650 | 1,427 | 631 | 86 | 2,794 | ||||||
| Additions | 80 | 285 | 79 | - | 444 | ||||||
| Foreign exchange movements | - | (23) | - | - | (23) | ||||||
| Disposals | - | (31) | - | (33) | (64) | ||||||
| At 31 March 2016 | 730 | 1,658 | 710 | 53 | 3,151 | ||||||
| Â | |||||||||||
| Depreciation | |||||||||||
| At 1 April 2014 | 9 | 934 | 402 | 57 | 1,402 | ||||||
| Charge for the year | 9 | 117 | 39 | 18 | 183 | ||||||
| Foreign exchange movements | - | 76 | 1 | (2) | 75 | ||||||
| Disposals | - | (474) | - | (11) | (485) | ||||||
| At 1 April 2015 | 18 | 653 | 442 | 62 | 1,175 | ||||||
| Charge for the year | 10 | 157 | 62 | 9 | 238 | ||||||
| Revaluation adjustment | (28) | - | - | - | (28) | ||||||
| Foreign exchange movements | - | (9) | 3 | - | (6) | ||||||
| Disposals | - | (29) | - | (32) | (61) | ||||||
| At 31 March 2016 | - | 772 | 507 | 39 | 1,318 | ||||||
| Â | |||||||||||
| Â | |||||||||||
| Net Book Value | |||||||||||
| At 31 March 2016 | 730 | 886 | 203 | 14 | 1,833 | ||||||
| Â | |||||||||||
| At 31 March 2015 | 632 | 774 | 189 | 24 | 1,619 | ||||||
| Â | |||||||||||
| At 1 April 2014 | 641 | 271 | 71 | 19 | 1,002 |
The freehold property at 78 Coombe Road, New Malden was valued on 11 May 2016 by Mr R Sworn of Kelion Sworn Chartered Surveyors and Valuers, London, W1. The fair value in use of the freehold property was determined at £730,000 by means of applying a 7.5% discount rate to the annual rental value of the property as determined by local market conditions. The property will continue to be valued on a regular basis.
The value of non-depreciable land included within Land and Buildings is £180,000.
The freehold property of 78 Coombe Road, New Malden is subject to a legal charge held by the company’s bankers dated 20 March 1987.
The value of the freehold property would have been recorded at £284,000 (2015: £295,000) on a historical cost basis giving rise to the current revaluation surplus of £350,000 net of deferred tax provision. This balance is not distributable to shareholders.
Depreciation has been included in the administrative expenses line on the income statement, except for £115,000 (2015: £72,000) of depreciation of production equipment in the Chinese subsidiary ECO Biok, which is included within cost of sales.
| Company | Â |
Land and Buildings |
 |
Fixtures, fittings |
 | Motor Vehicles |  | Total | |
| Cost or valuation | £000's | £000's | £000's | £000's | |||||
| Â | |||||||||
| At 1 April 2014 | 650 | 146 | 26 | 822 | |||||
| Additions | - | 3 | - | 3 | |||||
| At 1 April 2015 | 650 | 149 | 26 | 825 | |||||
| Additions | - | 6 | - | 6 | |||||
| Revaluation in the year | 80 | - | - | 80 | |||||
| At 31 March 2016 | 730 | 155 | 26 | 911 | |||||
| Â | |||||||||
| Depreciation | |||||||||
| At 1 April 2014 | 9 | 143 | 16 | 168 | |||||
| Charge for the year | 9 | 2 | 6 | 17 | |||||
| At 1 April 2015 | 18 | 145 | 22 | 185 | |||||
| Charge for the year | 10 | 2 | 4 | 16 | |||||
| Revaluation adjustment | (28) | - | - | (28) | |||||
| At 31 March 2016 | - | 147 | 26 | 173 | |||||
| Â | |||||||||
| Â | |||||||||
| Net Book Value | |||||||||
| At 31 March 2016 | 730 | 8 | - | 738 | |||||
| Â | |||||||||
| At 31 March 2015 | 632 | 4 | 4 | 640 | |||||
| Â | |||||||||
| At 1 April 2014 | 641 | 3 | 10 | 654 |
13. Investment property
| Group and Company | Â | Â | |||
|
Land and Buildings |
Total | ||||
| £000's | £000's | ||||
| Cost /Revaluation | |||||
| At March 2014 | 157 | 157 | |||
| Revaluation in 2015 | 32 | 32 | |||
| Valuation at March 2015 and March 2016 | 189 | 189 | |||
| Â | |||||
| Â | |||||
| Depreciation | |||||
| At March 2014 | 8 | 8 | |||
| Charge for the year | 3 | 3 | |||
| Elimination on revaluation | (11) | (11) | |||
| At March 2015 | - | - | |||
| Charge for the year | 4 | 4 | |||
| At March 2016 | 4 | 4 | |||
| Â | |||||
| Net Book Value | |||||
| At 31 March 2016 | 185 | 185 | |||
| Â | |||||
| At 31 March 2015 | 189 | 189 | |||
| Â | |||||
| At 1 April 2014 | 149 | 149 |
Depreciation has been included in the administrative expenses line on the income statement.
The property in Western Road, Mitcham was valued at £189,000 as at 31 March 2015 by Mr R. Sworn of Kelion Sworn Chartered Surveyors, London W1. This property was previously the Head Office of Lawrence plc (now ECO Animal Health Group plc) and is occupied by a charity.
The value of the investment property would have been recorded at £142,000 on a historical cost basis giving rise to the current revaluation surplus of £35,000 net of deferred tax provision. This balance is not distributable to shareholders.
14. Fixed asset investment
| Group | Â | Â | Â | ||||
| Investment in Associate | Unlisted investments | Total | |||||
| (Equity) | (Cost) | ||||||
| £000's | £000's | £000's | |||||
| At March 2014 and 2015 | - | 9 | 9 | ||||
| Reversal of previous impairments | 30 | - | 30 | ||||
| Share of associate's result for the year | 25 | - | 25 | ||||
| At March 2016 | 55 | 9 | 64 | ||||
| Â | |||||||
| Company | |||||||
| Unlisted investments | Total | ||||||
| Cost or fair value | £000's | £000's | |||||
| At March 2014 ,2015 and 2016 | 21,273 | 21,273 | |||||
| Â | |||||||
| Impairment | |||||||
| At March 2014 ,2015 and 2016 | 1,191 | 1,191 | |||||
| Â | |||||||
| Net Book Value | |||||||
| At March 2014 ,2015 and 2016 | 20,082 | 20,082 |
The Company holds more than 20% of the share capital of the following companies:
| Company | Â |
Country of registration |
 | Class |  | Shares held % | |
| Â | |||||||
| Subsidiary undertakings held by Company | |||||||
| Zhejiang ECO Biok Animal Health Products Limited | P. R. China | Ordinary | 3 | ||||
| Shanghai ECO Biok Veterinary Drug Sale Company Ltd. (via Zhejiang ECO Biok Animal Products Ltd.) | P. R. China | Ordinary | 3 | ||||
| Petlove Limited | Great Britain | Ordinary | 91 | ||||
| Eco Animal Health Limited | Great Britain | Ordinary | 100 | ||||
| Â | |||||||
| Subsidiary undertakings held by Group | |||||||
| ECO Animal Health Southern Africa (Pty) Limited | South Africa | Ordinary | 100 | ||||
| Zhejiang ECO Biok Animal Health Products Limited | P. R. China | Ordinary | 48 | ||||
| Shanghai ECO Biok Veterinary Drug Sale Company Ltd. (via Zhejiang ECO Biok Animal Products Ltd.) | P. R. China | Ordinary | 48 | ||||
| ECO Animal Health do Brasil Comercio de Produtos Veterinarios Ltda. | Brazil | Ordinary | 100 | ||||
| ECO Animal Health Japan Inc. | Japan | Ordinary | 100 | ||||
| ECO Animal Health USA Corp. | U.S.A. | Ordinary | 100 | ||||
| Interpet LLC | U.S.A. | Ordinary | 100 | ||||
| ECO Animal Health de Mexico, S. de R. L. de C. V. | Mexico | Ordinary | 100 | ||||
| ECO Argentina S.A. | Argentina | Ordinary | 100 | ||||
| ECO Animal Health Malaysia Sdn. Bhd | Malaysia | Ordinary | 100 |
The principal activity of these undertakings for the last relevant financial year was as follows:
| Â | Principal activity | ||
| ECO Animal Health Limited | Distribution of animal drugs | ||
| ECO Animal Health Southern Africa (Pty) Limited | Non-trading | ||
| Petlove Limited | Non-trading | ||
| Zhejiang ECO Biok Animal Health Products Limited | Manufacture of animal drugs | ||
| Shanghai ECO Biok Veterinary Drug Sale Company Ltd. | Distribution of animal drugs | ||
| ECO Animal Health do Brasil Comercio de Produtos Veterinarios Ltda | Distribution of animal drugs | ||
| ECO Animal Health Japan Inc. | Distribution of animal drugs | ||
| ECO Animal Health USA Corp. | Distribution of animal drugs | ||
| Interpet LLC | Non-trading | ||
| ECO Animal Health de Mexico, S. de R. L. de C. V. | Distribution of animal drugs | ||
| ECO Argentina S.A. | Non-trading | ||
| ECO Animal Health Malaysia Sdn. Bhd | Non-trading |
The aggregate amount of capital and reserves and the results of these undertakings for the last relevant financial year were:
| Â | Equity | Â | Profit/(loss) | Â | Equity | Â | Profit/(loss) | ||
| for the year | for the year | ||||||||
| 2016 | 2016 | 2015 | 2015 | ||||||
| £000's | £000's | £000's | £000's | ||||||
| Â | |||||||||
| ECO Animal Health Limited | 13,062 | 6,692 | 6,687 | 4,141 | |||||
| ECO Animal Health Southern Africa (Pty) Limited | 217 | (121) | 338 | 15 | |||||
| Zhejiang ECO Biok Animal Health Products Ltd | 6,531 | 551 | 6,178 | 1,076 | |||||
| ECO Animal Health do Brasil Comercio de Produtos Veterinarios Ltda. | 1,060 | 9 | 1,122 | 231 | |||||
| ECO Animal Health Japan Inc. | 867 | 73 | 723 | 45 | |||||
| ECO Animal Health de Mexico, S. de R. L. de C. V. | (290) | (97) | (201) | (70) | |||||
| ECO Animal Health USA Corp. | (11) | 105 | (107) | (62) |
The equity and results of Shanghai ECO Biok Veterinary Drug Sale Company Ltd are included within those disclosed for Zhejiang ECO Biok Animal Health Products Limited.
All of the subsidiaries listed above were included in the consolidation for the year.
Zhejiang ECO Biok Animal Health Products Limited and ECO Animal Health do Brasil Comercio de Produtos Veterinarios Ltda both have 31 December year ends. The Group receives management accounts for the three months to 31 March for these subsidiaries for use in preparing the consolidated financial statements.
Both ECO Argentina S.A. and ECO Animal Health Malaysia Sdn. Bhd hold neither assets nor liabilities and which have not traded since formation have been excluded from consolidation. Interpet LLC has also been excluded from consolidation as it holds no assets or liabilities and has ceased trading.
The following trading subsidiaries have no requirement for audit under local legislation;
ECO Animal Health do Brasil Comercio de Produtos Veterinarios Ltda.
ECO Animal Health Japan Inc.
ECO Animal Health USA Corp.
ECO Animal Health de Mexico, S. de R. L. de C. V.
Joint Operations
The Group also holds (by means of its ownership of ECO Animal Health USA Corp.), a 50% interest in Pharmgate Animal Health LLC, which is resident in the U.S.A. Pharmgate Animal Health LLC distributes the group’s products in the U.S.A.
The Group also holds a 50% interest in Pharmgate Animal Health Canada Inc., which distributes its products into Canada.
Both Pharmgate Animal Health LLC and Pharmgate Animal Health Canada Inc. have accounting years which end on 31 December.
The group’s holdings in each of the joint operations’ share capital is given in the table below:
| Pharmgate Animal Health Canada Inc | Â | Holding | Â | Shares | Â | Holding | ||
| (shares) | in issue | % | ||||||
| Â | ||||||||
| Common Shares | 100 | 200 | 50 | |||||
| Class A shares | 100 | 100 | 100 | |||||
| Class B Shares | - | 100 | - | |||||
| Â | ||||||||
| Pharmgate Animal Health USA LLC | Holding | Shares | Holding | |||||
| (shares) | in issue | % | ||||||
| Â | ||||||||
| Common Shares | 100 | 200 | 50 | |||||
| Class A shares | 100 | 100 | 100 | |||||
| Class B Shares | - | 100 | - | |||||
In each case class A shares carry the rights to dividends payable out of profits attributable to the group. These are made up of profits made by products supplied by the ECO group plus 50% of any profit relating to new products developed jointly by the partners to the joint operation.
The following amounts included in the group’s financial statements are related to its interest in these joint operations.
| Â | Â | Â | Pharmgate Animal Health | ||||||
| Pharmgate LLC | Canada Inc | Â | |||||||
| 2016 | 2015 | 2016 | 2015 | ||||||
| £000's | £000's | £000's | £000's | ||||||
| Current assets | 1,483 | 1,325 | 494 | 335 | |||||
| Current liabilities | (1,461) | (1,308) | (493) | (335) | |||||
| Sales | 4,224 | 3,660 | 2,681 | 2,627 | |||||
| Expenses | (892) | (662) | (247) | (270) | |||||
Associated Company
The Group also holds (by means of its ownership of ECO Animal Health Japan Inc.) a 47.62% interest in EcoPharma.com which is resident in Japan. This company distributes Animal Health products and other general merchandise within Japan and has previously not had significant net assets.
ECO Animal Health Japan Inc’s holding in Eco Pharma.com is 10,000,000 shares out of a total of
The following amounts included in the group’s financial statements are related to its interests in this associated company.
| Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | 2016 | ||
| £000's | |||||||
| Â | |||||||
| Investments (share of net assets) | 55 | ||||||
| Â | |||||||
| Â | |||||||
| Share of results for the year | 25 | ||||||
| Reversal of previous impairment | 30 | ||||||
| 55 |
15. Inventories
| Â | Group | Â | Â | Company | Â | ||||
| 2016 | 2015 | 2016 | 2015 | ||||||
| £000's | £000's | £000's | £000's | ||||||
| Â | |||||||||
| Raw materials and consumables | 9,824 | 5,868 | - | - | |||||
| Finished goods and goods for resale | 4,373 | 3,965 | - | - | |||||
| Work in progress | 472 | - | - | - | |||||
| Property under development | 925 | - | 925 | - | |||||
| 15,594 | 9,833 | 925 | - |
The cost of inventories recognised as an expense and included in cost of sales in the period amounted to £25,994,000 (2015: £21,474,000).
16. Trade and other receivables
| Â | Group | Â | Â | Company | Â | ||||
| 2016 | 2015 | 2016 | 2015 | ||||||
| £000's | £000's | £000's | £000's | ||||||
| Â | |||||||||
| Trade receivables | 12,036 | 9,870 | - | - | |||||
| Amounts owed by group undertakings | - | - | 41,002 | 36,185 | |||||
| Amounts owed by joint operations | 490 | 303 | - | - | |||||
| Other receivables | 610 | 688 | 348 | 240 | |||||
| Prepayments and accrued income | 493 | 661 | 59 | 80 | |||||
| 13,629 | 11,522 | 41,409 | 36,505 |
As at 31 March 2016, trade receivables of £2,373,000 (2015: £2,085,000) due to the Group and £nil (2015: £nil) due to the Company were past due but not impaired. These relate to long standing distributors with whom we have agreed settlement terms and with whom there is no history of default. The ageing analysis of these trade receivables is as follows:
| Â | Group | Â | Â | Company | Â | ||||
| 2016 | 2015 | 2016 | 2015 | ||||||
| £000's | £000's | £000's | £000's | ||||||
| Â | |||||||||
| Up to 3 months past due | 1,621 | 1,546 | - | - | |||||
| 3 to 6 months past due | 709 | 504 | - | - | |||||
| Over 6 months past due | 43 | 35 | - | - | |||||
| 2,373 | 2,085 | - | - |
As at 31 March 2016, trade receivables of £453,000 (2015: £276,000) were impaired and provided for. The impaired receivables mainly relate to historic debt for which recovery is still being sought. The Group mitigates its exposure to credit risk by extensive use of commercial credit reference agencies, close management of its customers’ trading against terms offered and use of retention of title clauses wherever possible. The ageing analysis of the impaired balances is as follows:
| Â | Group | Â | Â | Company | Â | ||||
| 2016 | 2015 | 2016 | 2015 | ||||||
| £000's | £000's | £000's | £000's | ||||||
| Â | |||||||||
| Up to 3 months past due | 109 | 17 | - | - | |||||
| 3 to 6 months past due | 167 | 17 | - | - | |||||
| Over 6 months past due | 177 | 242 | - | - | |||||
| 453 | 276 | - | - |
Movement on the Group provision for impairment of trade receivables is as follows:
| Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | ||||
| Group | 2016 | 2015 | ||||||||
| £000's | £000's | |||||||||
| Â | ||||||||||
| Â | ||||||||||
| Balance at 1 April | 276 | 105 | ||||||||
| Provided in the year | 194 | 173 | ||||||||
| Written off in the year | (17) | (2) | ||||||||
| Balance at 31 March | 453 | 276 |
The carrying amounts of trade and other receivables are denominated in the following currencies:
| Â | Group | Â | Â | Company | Â | ||||
| 2016 | 2015 | 2016 | 2015 | ||||||
| £000's | £000's | £000's | £000's | ||||||
| Â | |||||||||
| Â | |||||||||
| Pounds Sterling | 987 | 780 | 41,409 | 36,505 | |||||
| Euros | 3,062 | 2,194 | - | - | |||||
| U S Dollars | 5,442 | 4,672 | - | - | |||||
| Chinese RMB | 1,195 | 1,208 | - | - | |||||
| Brazilian Real | 748 | 1,117 | - | - | |||||
| Japanese Yen | 563 | 478 | - | - | |||||
| Other currencies | 1,632 | 1,073 | - | - | |||||
| Â | |||||||||
| 13,629 | 11,522 | 41,409 | 36,505 |
The carrying amounts of trade and other receivables are not significantly different to their fair values.
17. Deferred tax
Group
Deferred tax assets and liabilities are attributable to the following:
| Â | Group | Â | Â | Company | Â | ||||
| 2016 | 2015 | 2016 | 2015 | ||||||
| £000's | £000's | £000's | £000's | ||||||
| Â | |||||||||
| Â | |||||||||
| Pounds Sterling | 987 | 780 | 41,409 | 36,505 | |||||
| Euros | 3,062 | 2,194 | - | - | |||||
| U S Dollars | 5,442 | 4,672 | - | - | |||||
| Chinese RMB | 1,195 | 1,208 | - | - | |||||
| Brazilian Real | 748 | 1,117 | - | - | |||||
| Japanese Yen | 563 | 478 | - | - | |||||
| Other currencies | 1,632 | 1,073 | - | - | |||||
| Â | |||||||||
| 13,629 | 11,522 | 41,409 | 36,505 |
The movement on the deferred tax account can be summarised as follows:
| Â |
Drug registration |
 | Freehold property |  | Investment property |  | Total | ||
| Â | |||||||||
| £000's | £000's | £000's | £000's | ||||||
| Â | |||||||||
| At 31 March 2015 | (117) | (66) | (9) | (192) | |||||
| (Charge) for the year through income statement | (359) | - | - | (359) | |||||
| (Charge)/credit for the year through revaluation reserve | - | (23) | 1 | (22) | |||||
| At 31 March 2016 | (476) | (89) | (8) | (573) |
The tax losses carried forward are not expected to expire under current legislation.
Any future dividend received from the Chinese subsidiary Zhejiang ECO Biok Animal Health Products Limited will be subject to a 10% withholding tax (reduced to 5% in respect of dividends paid out of profits made in 2015 or after). The deferred tax liability in respect of this has not been recognised.
| Company | Â | 2016 | Â | 2016 | Â | 2016 | Â | 2015 | Â | 2015 | Â | 2015 | |
| Freehold property | Investment property | Total | Freehold property | Investment property | Total | ||||||||
| £000's | £000's | £000's | £000's | £000's | £000's | ||||||||
| Â | |||||||||||||
| At 1 April | (66) | (9) | (75) | (66) | - | (66) | |||||||
| Movement in the year through revaluation reserve | (23) | 1 | (22) | - | (9) | (9) | |||||||
| At 31 March | (89) | (8) | (97) | (66) | (9) | (75) |
No charge or credit (2015: no charge or credit) was recognised in the Company’s income statement for the year. A charge of £22,000 (2015: charge of £9,000) was recognised in the Company’s Revaluation Reserve.
18. Cash and cash equivalents
Cash and cash equivalents comprise cash and short term deposits held by the Group. The carrying amount of these assets are not significantly different to their fair value.
| Â | Note | Â | Group | Â | Â | Company | Â | ||||
| 2016 | 2015 | 2016 | 2015 | ||||||||
| £000's | £000's | £000's | £000's | ||||||||
| Â | |||||||||||
| Cash and cash equivalents | 15,665 | 20,091 | 7,109 | 13,219 | |||||||
| Overdrafts | 20 | - | (2,356) | - | (2,356) | ||||||
| Â | |||||||||||
| Net funds per cash flow | 15,665 | 17,735 | 7,109 | 10,863 |
19. Trade and other payables
| Â | Group | Â | Â | Company | Â | ||||
| 2016 | 2015 | 2016 | 2015 | ||||||
| £000's | £000's | £000's | £000's | ||||||
| Â | |||||||||
| Trade payables | 8,281 | 6,751 | 83 | 90 | |||||
| Amounts due to joint operation | 87 | 99 | - | - | |||||
| Other payables | 961 | 1,950 | 85 | 761 | |||||
| Accruals and deferred income | 1,044 | 742 | 61 | 80 | |||||
| 10,373 | 9,542 | 229 | 931 |
20. Borrowings
Included within payables on the statement of financial position are the following amounts at fair value secured by a debenture on the assets of the group:
| Â | Group | Â | Â | Company | Â | ||||
| 2016 | 2015 | 2016 | 2015 | ||||||
| £000's | £000's | £000's | £000's | ||||||
| Â | |||||||||
| Short term borrowings | - | 2,356 | - | 2,356 |
Currency analysis of short term borrowings
| Â | Group | Â | Â | Company | Â | ||||
| 2016 | 2015 | 2016 | 2015 | ||||||
| £000's | £000's | £000's | £000's | ||||||
| Â | |||||||||
| U S Dollars | - | 2,356 | - | 2,356 |
The Group has the facility to overdraw in specific currencies but no net facility. The interest rate for all currency overdrafts is 2.75 per cent over the relevant currency base rate and the borrowings are secured by two debentures held over all assets of the company dated 28 January 1995 and 28 November 2006.
21. Pension and other post-retirement benefit commitments
Defined Contribution Pension Scheme
The Group operates defined contribution pension schemes for the benefit of certain directors and senior employees. The assets of the schemes are held separately from the Group and independently administered by insurance companies. The pension cost charge represents contributions payable to the funds in the year and amounted to £452,000 (2015: £330,000).
Defined Benefit Pension Scheme
The Group operates a defined benefit scheme in the UK for ex-employees only. A full actuarial valuation was carried out at 6 April 2012 and updated 31 March 2016 by a qualified independent actuary. The major assumptions used by the actuary were:
| Â | 31 March | Â | 1 April | ||
| 2016 | 2015 | ||||
| Discount rate | 3.50% | 3.20% | |||
| Rate of increase in pension payment | 1.95% | 2.20% | |||
| Inflation assumption with a maximum of 5% p.a. | 2.95% | 2.90% |
Mortality rates
Pre-retirement mortality is based on the mortality table known as AMCOO for males and AFCOO for females and 70% of the mortality indicated by this table has been taken, as in the previous year.
Post retirement mortality is based on the mortality table known as S1NMA for males and S1NFA for females with reference to member’s years of birth. Allowance has been made for the improvement in mortality experienced recently and expected in the future by using 100% of the CMI’s 2015 improvement table, subject to a minimum improvement rate of 1.25% (2015: 1%) for males and 1% (2015: 0.7%) for females.
Under these mortality assumptions, the expected future lifetime for a member retiring at age 65 at the year end would be 22.4 years for males (2015: 22.8 years) and 24.4 years for females (2015: 24.7 years). For members retiring in 20 years time, the expectation of life would be 24 years for males (2015: 24.7 years) and 25.9 years for females (2015: 26.0 years).
The weighted average term of the liabilities is 16 years (2015: 17 years).
The scheme is exposed to a number of risks including:
1. Interest rate risk: Movements in the discount rate used could affect the present value of the defined benefit pension obligations.
2. Longevity risk: Changes in the estimated mortality rates of former employees could affect the present value of the defined benefit pension obligations.
3. Investment risk: Variations in the actual return from the scheme’s investments could affect the scheme’s ability to meet its future pension obligations.
| Results | Â | 2016 | Â | Â | 2015 | Â | |||
| £000's | £000's | £000's | £000's | ||||||
| Â | |||||||||
| Assets at start of year | 2,985 | 2,680 | |||||||
| Defined benefit obligation at start of year | (2,782) | (2,478) | |||||||
| Net asset at 1 April | 203 | 202 | |||||||
| Â | |||||||||
| Current service cost, including risk benefits | - | (4) | |||||||
| Operating cost | - | (4) | |||||||
| Â | |||||||||
| Expected return on assets | 95 | 115 | |||||||
| Interest cost | (89) | (107) | |||||||
| 6 | 8 | ||||||||
| Â | |||||||||
| (Loss)/gain on asset return | (42) | 78 | |||||||
| Experience gain | 13 | 2 | |||||||
| Gain/(loss) on changes in assumptions | 56 | (135) | |||||||
| Statement of other comprehensive income | 27 | (55) | |||||||
| Â | |||||||||
| Employer contributions gross | 55 | 59 | |||||||
| Expenses paid by trustees | (7) | (7) | |||||||
| 48 | 52 | ||||||||
| Net asset at 31 March 2016 | 284 | 203 | |||||||
| Â | |||||||||
| Actual assets at end of year | 2,715 | 2,985 | |||||||
| Actual defined benefit obligation at end of year | (2,431) | (2,782) |
The pension fund assets are all held within a policy managed by an insurance company.
Reconciliation of changes in the asset value during the year
| Â | 2016 | Â | Â | 2015 | Â | ||||
| £000's | £000's | £000's | £000's | ||||||
| Â | |||||||||
| Fair value of assets at 1 April | 2,985 | 2,680 | |||||||
| Expected return on assets | 95 | 115 | |||||||
| (Loss)/gain on asset return | (42) | 78 | |||||||
| Employer contributions (gross) | 55 | 59 | |||||||
| Death in service insurance premiums paid | - | (4) | |||||||
| Expenses paid by trustees | (7) | (7) | |||||||
| (Decrease)/increase in secured pensioners' value due to scheme experience | (371) | 64 | |||||||
| Â | |||||||||
| Fair value of assets at 31 March 2016 | 2,715 | 2,985 | |||||||
| Â | |||||||||
| Reconciliation of changes in the liability value during the year | |||||||||
| Â | |||||||||
| Defined benefit obligation at 1 April | 2,782 | 2,478 | |||||||
| Interest cost | 89 | 107 | |||||||
| Experience (gain) on liabilities | (13) | (2) | |||||||
| (Gain)/loss on changes in assumptions | (56) | 135 | |||||||
| (Decrease)/increase in secured pensioners' value due to scheme experience | (371) | 64 | |||||||
| Â | |||||||||
| Defined benefit obligation at 31 March 2016 | 2,431 | 2,782 | |||||||
The expected contribution to be paid by the employer during the next accounting year is £59,000. This includes a provision of £4,000 for death in service risk premium, (2015: £4,000).
| Year ended 31 March | Â | 2016 | Â | 2015 | Â | 2014 | Â | 2013 | Â | 2012 | |
| £000's | £000's | £000's | £000's | £000's | |||||||
| Â | |||||||||||
| Fair value of plan assets | 2,715 | 2,985 | 2,680 | 2,760 | 2,959 | ||||||
| Present value of defined benefit obligation | 2,431 | 2,782 | 2,478 | 2,631 | 2,957 | ||||||
| Surplus in plan | 284 | 203 | 202 | 129 | 2 | ||||||
| Experience gains on plan liabilities | 13 | 2 | 4 | (31) | (5) |
Defined benefit obligation – sensitivity analysis
The following amounts are the effect (on the defined benefit obligation) of reasonably possible changes to the key actuarial assumptions, as required by IAS 19.
| Actuarial assumption | Â | Reasonably Possible Change | Â | (Decrease)/Increase in Defined Benefit Obligation | |||||||
| 2016 £000's |  | 2015 £000's | |||||||||
| Discount rate | (+/- 1%) | (107) | Â | 138 | (125) | Â | 162 | ||||
| Increase in inflation | (+/- 1%) | - | - | 6 | (7) | ||||||
| Members' life expectancy | (+/- 1year) | 26 | (27) | 28 | (29) | ||||||
22. Share-based payments
The measurement requirements of IFRS2 have been implemented in respect of share options that were granted after 7 November 2002. The expense recognised for share based payments made during the year is shown in the following table:
| Â | 2016 | Â | 2015 | ||
| £000's | £000's | ||||
| Â | |||||
| Total expense arising from equity settled share-based transactions | 356 | 252 |
The share based payment plans are described below:
Movements in issued share options and jointly owned shares during the year
The following table illustrates the number and weighted average exercise prices (WAEP) of and movements in, share options and jointly owned shares during the period:
| Â | Options | Â | Â | Jointly owned shares | Â | Options | Â | Â | Jointly owned shares | ||||||||
| 2016 | 2016 | 2016 | Â | 2016 | 2015 | 2015 | 2015 | Â | 2015 | ||||||||
| 000's | WAEP | 000's | WAEP | 000's | WAEP | 000's | WAEP | ||||||||||
| £ | £ | £ | £ | ||||||||||||||
| Â | |||||||||||||||||
| Outstanding at 1 April | 3,642 | 1.82 | 2,603 | 2.00 | 3,441 | 1.94 | 2,603 | 2.00 | |||||||||
| Granted during the period | 3,029 | 2.83 | - | - | 874 | 1.89 | - | - | |||||||||
| Expired/cancelled during the period | (29) | 1.95 | - | - | (9) | 1.89 | - | - | |||||||||
| Exercised during the period | (948) | 1.52 | (2,051) | 1.99 | (664) | 1.20 | - | - | |||||||||
| Â | |||||||||||||||||
| Outstanding at 31 March | 5,694 | 2.41 | 552 | 2.05 | 3,642 | 1.82 | 2,603 | 2.00 | |||||||||
| Exercisable at 31 March | 836 | 1.79 | 552 | 2.05 | 1,406 | 1.48 | 2,603 | 2.00 | |||||||||
The average share price during the year was 294.62p (2015: 183.1p).
The maximum aggregate number of shares over which options may currently be granted cannot exceed 10 per cent of the nominal share capital of the Company on the grant date. The options outstanding at 31 March 2016 had a weighted average share price of £2.41 (2015: £1.82) and a weighted average contractual life of 5.7 years (2015: 4.9 years).
Eco Animal Health Group plc Executive Share Option Scheme
In accordance with the Executive Share Option Scheme, approved and unapproved share options are granted to directors and employees who devote at least 25 hours per week to the performance of duties or employment with the Company.
Details of options granted to directors can be found in the Directors Report and notes 29 (Directors Emoluments) and 31 (Related Party Transactions).
The exercise price of the options is equal to the market price of the shares at the date of grant. The options vest three years from the date of grant and if the option holder ceases to be a director or employee of the Company due to injury, disability, redundancy or retirement on reaching pensionable age or any other age at which they are bound to retire at in accordance with the terms of their contract of employment, the option may be exercised within a period of six months after the option holders so ceasing, although the Board may, at its discretion, extend this period by up to 36 months after the date of cessation.
If the option holder ceases employment for any other reason, the option may not be exercised unless the Board permits. The approved and unapproved options will be forfeited where they remain unexercised at the end of their respective contractual lives of ten and seven years.
An analysis of the expiry dates of the outstanding options is given below:
| Date of grant | Â | Unapproved | Â | Approved | Â | Exercise price (pence) | Â | Expiry date | |
| Â | |||||||||
| 03 March 2008 | 38,910 | 108.50 | 03 March 2018 | ||||||
| 18 September 2008 | 30,000 | 85.00 | 18 September 2018 | ||||||
| 30 April 2009 | 7,500 | 147.00 | 30 April 2019 | ||||||
| 06 August 2009 | 22,000 | 135.00 | 06 August 2019 | ||||||
| 06 August 2009 | 28,000 | 135.00 | 06 August 2016 | ||||||
| 20 May 2010 | 22,650 | 140.00 | 20 May 2020 | ||||||
| 20 May 2010 | 175,350 | 140.00 | 20 May 2017 | ||||||
| 11 October 2011 | 40,000 | 186.50 | 11 October 2021 | ||||||
| 11 October 2011 | 147,000 | 186.50 | 11 October 2018 | ||||||
| 09 July 2012 | 325,000 | 222.50 | 09 July 2018 | ||||||
| 24 April 2013 | 26,060 | 215.00 | 24 April 2020 | ||||||
| 20 August 2013 | 13,200 | 226.00 | 20 August 2023 | ||||||
| 20 August 2013 | 306,800 | 226.00 | 20 August 2020 | ||||||
| 09 October 2013 | 82,940 | 196.00 | 09 October 2023 | ||||||
| 09 October 2013 | 478,060 | 196.00 | 09 October 2020 | ||||||
| 22 January 2014 | 14,450 | 207.50 | 22 January 2024 | ||||||
| 22 January 2014 | 50,550 | 207.50 | 22 January 2021 | ||||||
| 07 August 2014 | 79,800 | 161.50 | 07 August 2024 | ||||||
| 07 August 2014 | 178,700 | 161.50 | 07 August 2021 | ||||||
| 13 February 2015 | 118,800 | 200.50 | 13 February 2025 | ||||||
| 13 February 2015 | 479,200 | 200.50 | 13 February 2022 | ||||||
| 16 April 2015 | 4,000 | 239.00 | 16 April 2025 | ||||||
| 16 April 2015 | 41,000 | 239.00 | 16 April 2022 | ||||||
| 26 August 2015 | 136,100 | 265.00 | 26 August 2025 | ||||||
| 26 August 2015 | 1,694,900 | 265.00 | 26 August 2022 | ||||||
| 18 December 2015 | 700,000 | 312.50 | 18 December 2022 | ||||||
| 18 January 2016 | 12,800 | 315.00 | 18 January 2026 | ||||||
| 18 January 2016 | 365,200 | 315.00 | 18 January 2023 | ||||||
| 17 February 2016 | 24,600 | 312.50 | 17 February 2026 | ||||||
| 17 February 2016 | 400 | 312.50 | 17 February 2023 | ||||||
| 01 March 2016 | 9,600 | 312.50 | 01 March 2026 | ||||||
| 01 March 2016 | 40,400 | Â | 312.50 | 02 March 2023 | |||||
| 5,010,560 | 683,410 |
ECO Animal Health Group plc Joint Share Ownership Plan
In accordance with the Group’s Joint Share Ownership Plan (JSOP), jointly owned shares may be awarded to directors and employees of the company.
The shares are awarded at the market price on the day of the award and are held jointly by the employee concerned and the ECO Animal Health Group plc Employee Benefit Trust. After a three year vesting period, the shares may be sold at the option of the employee. The proceeds of sale are split between the trust and the employee so that the Trust receives the original market value of the shares sold plus a 5.9% per annum carry charge, with the employee receiving any excess over this
Because these are actual issued shares in the company rather than options there is no expiry date associated with jointly owned shares. However, they will normally be forfeit if the employee ceases to be an employee of the company for any reason other than death, injury, redundancy, retirement on or after normal retirement age or disposal by the Group of the employing business entity.
The market price of the shares at 31 March 2016 was 335.0p with a range in the year of 202.50p to 335.0p.
Inputs to the Valuation Model (for options and jointly owned shares)
The fair value of share options granted prior to 31 March 2007 were estimated at the time of grant using trinomial pricing model, taking into account all the terms and conditions upon which the options were granted. For options issued after 1 April 2007, the directors took the decision that a Black-Scholes model would be more appropriate.
The following table lists the inputs to the Black-Scholes model which applies to both options and jointly owned shares.
| Â | 2016 | Â | 2015 | Â | 2014 | Â | 2013 | Â | 2012 | ||
| Â | |||||||||||
| Vesting period (years) | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | ||||||
| Option expiry (years) | 7-10 yrs | 7-10 yrs | 7-10 yrs | 7-10 yrs | 7-10 yrs | ||||||
| Dividends expected on the shares | 1.50% | 2.0-2.3% | 1.4-1.9% | 1.40% | 1.00% | ||||||
| Risk free rate (average) | 1.00% | 1.00% | 0.5-1.2% | 0.50% | 2.00% | ||||||
| Volatility of share price | 20% | 15% | 20% | 25% | 27% | ||||||
| Weighted average fair value (pence) | 43.0 | 19.2 | 29.1 | 38.7 | 41.0 |
The risk free rate has been based on the yield from UK Government treasury coupons. The volatility of the share price was estimated based on standard deviation calculations on the historic share price.
No shares were issued under the Joint Share Ownership Plan during the year or the previous year.
The fair value of the part interest in the jointly owned shares was calculated using a Black-Scholes model with the same assumptions as those used for the options issued during the same year.
The weighted average fair value of the Jointly owned shares issued during the year ended 31 March 2012 was 26.1p.
23. Share capital
| Â | 2016 | Â | 2015 | ||
| £000's | £000's | ||||
| Authorised | |||||
| 68,100,000 Ordinary shares of 5p each | 3,405 | 3,405 | |||
| 10,790 Deferred ordinary shares of 10p each | 1 | 1 | |||
| 32,334 Convertible preference shares of £1 each | 32 | 32 | |||
| 3,438 | 3,438 | ||||
| Â | |||||
| Allotted, called up and fully paid | |||||
| 64,090,446 (2015: 63,142,421) Ordinary shares of 5p each | 3,205 | 3,157 |
During the year the Company bought 16,233 of its own shares into treasury at an average price of £2.63.
During the year 948,025 shares were issued at a premium of £1,392,000 as a result of the exercise of options by employees.
24. Non-controlling (minority) interests
| Â | 2016 | Â | 2016 | Â | 2015 | Â | 2015 | ||
| £000's | £000's | £000's | £000's | ||||||
| Â | |||||||||
| Balance at 1 April | 3,029 | 2,168 | |||||||
| Share of subsidiary's profit for the year | 672 | 527 | |||||||
| Share of foreign exchange (loss)/gain on net investment | (97) | 334 | |||||||
| 575 | 861 | ||||||||
| Share of dividend paid by subsidiary | (402) | - | |||||||
| Â | |||||||||
| Balance at 31 March | 3,202 | 3,029 |
25. Treasury share reserve
| Â | 2016 | Â | 2015 | ||
| £000's | £000's | ||||
| Â | |||||
| Balance at 1 April | 5,217 | 5,217 | |||
| Repaid on disposal of jointly owned shares | 4,073 | - | |||
| Â | Â | ||||
| Balance at 31 March | 1,144 | 5,217 |
Treasury share reserve consists of £1,144,000 (2015: £5,217,000), being the cost of 552,360 (2015: 2,603,290) shares in the Company held by the Group’s JSOP.
26. Other reserves
| Group and Company | Â |
Capital redemption |
 |
Reserve for share-based |
 | Total | |
| £000's | £000's | £000's | |||||
| Â | |||||||
| At 31 March 2014 | 106 | 1,710 | 1,816 | ||||
| Share-based payments | - | 252 | 252 | ||||
| Transfer to retained earnings on expiry of options | - | (293) | (293) | ||||
| At 1 April 2015 | 106 | 1,669 | 1,775 | ||||
| Share-based payments | - | 326 | 326 | ||||
| Transfer to retained earnings on expiry of options | - | (73) | (73) | ||||
| At 31 March 2016 | 106 | 1,922 | 2,028 |
The only material reserve remaining at the year end is the reserve for share based payments which records the total amount which has been charged to the Group’s results in respect of unexpired share based payment arrangements.
Included in the Group’s retained earnings are the following exchange movements which have been taken directly to reserves on consolidation of the subsidiaries and joint operation listed below:
| Â | At 1 April | Â | Movement | Â | At 31 March | ||
| 2015 | in the year | 2016 | |||||
| £000's | £000's | £000's | |||||
| In respect of: | |||||||
| Zhejiang ECO Biok Animal Health Products Limited | 746 | (101) | 645 | ||||
| ECO Animal Health do Brasil Comercio de Produtos Veterinarios Ltda | (427) | (72) | (499) | ||||
| ECO Animal Health Japan Inc. | (161) | 72 | (89) | ||||
| Eco Animal Health USA Corp. | (7) | (9) | (16) | ||||
| ECO Animal Health de Mexico, S. de R. L. de C. V. | (33) | 8 | (25) | ||||
| ECO Animal Health Southern Africa (pty) Ltd. | - | - | - | ||||
| Pharmgate LLC | 1 | 1 | 2 | ||||
| Pharmgate Canada LLC | - | - | - | ||||
| Foreign currency differences attributable to owner (debited) directly to reserves. | (101) | ||||||
27. Post balance sheet event
The Company paid a dividend of £1,209,000 on 4th April 2016 to shareholders on the register, net of £9,000 waived by the Employee Benefit Trust.
View source version on businesswire.com: http://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20160630005841/en/
Latest directors dealings
- 2 hours ago Alphawave IP Group
- 3 hours ago WH Smith
- 4 hours ago Staffline Group
- 4 hours ago Manchester & London Investment Trust
- 4 hours ago Associated British Foods