Annual Financial Report - Part 2
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TUI AG (TUI) Financial Âhighlights
Differences may occur due to rounding This Annual Report of the TUI Group was prepared for the financial year from 1 October 2016 to 30 September 2017. The terms for previous years were renamed accordingly. Due to the following changes to segmental reporting the prior year's reference figures were restated accordingly: The main part of the Specialist Group (Travelopia), carried under discontinued operations in previous year, was sold June 2017. Prior to that Crystal Ski and Thomson Lakes & Mountains, previously part of the Specialist Group, were transferred to the Âsegment Northern Region. Blue Diamond Hotels & Resorts lnc., former part of Northern Region was reclassified to the Hotels & Resorts segment. Marella Cruises (former Thomson Cruises, Northern Region) was transferred to the Cruises segment. 1 In order to explain and evaluate the operating performance by the segments, EBITA adjusted for one-off effects (underlying EBITA) is presented. Underlying EBITA has been adjusted for gains/losses on disposal of investments, restructuring costs Âaccording to IAS 37, ancillary acquisition costs and conditional purchase price payments under purchase price allocations and other expenses for and income from one-off items. 2 Our definition of EBITA is earnings before net interest result, income tax and impairment of goodwill and excluding the result from the measurement of interest hedges. 3 Equity divided by balance sheet total in %, variance is given in percentage points. 4 Continuing operations 5 Discontinuing operations Letter to our Dear shareholders, 2017 was another very good year! We were able to continue our success story. With underlying EBITA up by 12 per cent, TUI Group increased its operating result by more than ten per cent for the third time in a row. We are keeping our promise. Above all, the strategic alignment for the new TUI is clearly correct. Our focus on hotels and our investment in cruise liners is reaping Ârewards. We owe the Group's positive economic performance to our customers, to our 67,000 employees in over 100 countries and to your loyalty as shareholders of TUI AG. This year too, we want you to share We operate in a growth industry. People want to travel, regardless of global political events. With the exception of 2009 at the peak of the financial crisis, our sector has grown faster than gross domestic product every year. These are favourable conditions for picking up further market share and continuing to build on our position as the world's leading tourism group. That is our goal, and we are devoting our full energy to achieving it. How are we framing this growth? In this financial year alone, we opened ten new hotels, while our cruise fleet acquired two more vessels to make 16. Our own hotels and cruise ships now account for 56 per cent of our earnings. Attaching greater weight to these operations in our earnings portfolio brings definite advantages. These businesses generates stronger margins and are is much less seasonal. Whereas the earnings contributions from our tour operÂators are posted almost entirely in the last three months, the inflow from our hotel and cruise business is more evenly spread over the year and every quarter is positive. This trend has strengthened TUI and makes us more attractive to investors and the capital market. We enhanced our leeway for growth even further during the last Âfinancial year by selling our specialist travel brands. The disposal of Travelopia to the private equity company KKR generated an enterprise value of around 370 million euros. We also spun off our remaining stake in Hapag-Lloyd AG. This final exit from container shipping and the sale of non-core businesses complete the transformation. TUI is now a pure play tourism group. Our vision 'Think Travel. Think TUI.' aptly reflects our aspirations. And our strategic positioning ensures that we can provide every module in the tourism value chain from advice and booking to travel, accommodation and destination services. The TUI brand symbolises quality and trust. Differentiated product is above all secured by our own hotels, clubs and ships. Brands like TUI Blue, Robinson, Riu and TUI Magic Life, Hapag-Lloyd Cruises with the MS Europa and TUI Cruises with the 'Mein Schiff' fleet guarantee TUI quality for holidaymakers all over the world. We don't just sell this travel experience; we are setting standards, because TUI is at once developer, investor and operator. So we want to build on the success of our traditional markets and activities. And we want to expand our business into regions and countries of the globe where we do not yet have a presence. That includes a number of countries in Southern Europe. In Italy and Portugal, the TUI brand is familiar because they are important destinations and many of our customers travel there. As a holiday provider, however, we have so far had almost no market visibility. Emerging economies like Brazil and China are also shifting further into our focus. Their new middle classes are growing fast and Âincreasingly discovering the joys of travel for themselves. We want to profit from that, but in those markets we do not intend to create a dense network of travel agencies. Instead, we will rely exclusively on our online presence and on strong local partners. Our goal is ambitious, but we believe in these markets. As part of our strategy programme 'TUI 2022', the target for this expansion over the next five years is to win one million new customers and generate an additional one billion in turnover. This expansion entails big opportunities for our hotel investments in those parts of the world, because the demand for capacity will no longer come solely from Europe like now, but also from the surrounding region. The Caribbean has set a shining example: our hotels there enjoy excellent occupancy rates - thanks to long-haul tourists from Europe combined with guests from the United States and Canada. We can achieve the same in South-East Asia. For our new hotels and investments, the occupancy risk is tangibly reduced because our target groups are broader, more Âdiverse and increasingly international. I also believe there are major opportunities for TUI in our clear strategy for digitalisation. This digitalisation will not only help us tap into new markets like China. It is happening throughout the company. Data enable us to reach out to our customers in a better, more personal manner and to market new services. For me, more digital means more service - and better service - for the customer, and more efficiency for the company. TUI's use of blockchain has attracted a lot of attention. Ever more so because we aren't just talking about the potential, but actually began placing it in the service of our hotels in summer 2017. As an integrated tourism group, we accompany our customers right along the value chain, from the moment they seek advice and book a holiday to the services they require at the destination and their accommodation in the hotel or on board the liner. This teaches us about their likes and preferences, enabling us to offer personalised add-ons. Personalised means relevant - products and services that offer these customers genuine added value. In recent months, we have rolled out a centralised, efficient ITinfrastructure across the Group. It provides the technical basis for TUI to gain a single view of the customer and the customer experience. Our investments in IT are easily summed up: more service for our customers and more value for us as a company. It is my firm conviction that in this field we are setting the standards for our industry. TUI is in bouncing good health, and TUI is ready for more growth. Those two factors will enable us to continue to outperform the market in the coming years. That is why we are so confident that we can increase underlying EBITA by at least 10 per cent a year until 2020. Those are bright prospects for you as shareholders. Thank you for your interest and support over the last year. Your trust and encouragement are important to us. Let's take the next steps together. Kind regards, Friedrich Joussen
1 As published on 8 December 2016, unless otherwise stated 2 Variance year-on-year assuming constant foreign exchange rates are applied to the result in the current and prior period and based on the Âcurrent group structure 3 Excluding cost inflation relating to currency movements 4 Target adjusted 5 Excluding aircraft orderbook finance 6 Assuming acquisition of Mein Schiff 1 for Marella Cruises Report of the Ladies and Gentlemen, TUI AG has delivered on its promise! With the completion of financial year 2017, your Company has delivered the considerable year-on-year increase in earnings promised in the wake of the merger in 2014 for the third consecutive year. This success is the result of major, joint efforts by the Executive Board, employees and Supervisory Board - and we are proud of it! In a geopolitical situation characterised by continued uncertainty and risks, TUI AG has sent an important signal of reliability to you, its owners, but also to its employees. The trust you placed in the merger between TUI AG and TUI Travel PLC was justified. Today, we can regard the merger and the integration of the two companies and cultures as completed. The Executive Board has fully delivered and in some key areas even outperformed the synergies promised in the wake of the merger. As the global employee survey carried out for the third consecutive year has shown, TUI's executives and employees show far above-average engagement. They trust the work performed by the Executive Board and the strategy, which focuses on the transformation from a conventional trading company and tour operator to a vertically integrated content provider. We thus continue to be on track. In financial year 2017, the Supervisory Board supported in particular the further development of key issues of relevance to the Company. We intensively discussed the Group's future strategic orientation with the Executive Board. Apart from the influence of blockchain technology on today's business model, the situation at TUI fly and the ultimately failed negotiations about a European aviation joint venture, we also discussed the Group's strategy in Asia and held in-depth discussions about the impact of Brexit on the Company. In order to prepare the strategic debates of the Supervisory Board, the Strategy Committee formed in 2016 again proved to be a valuable, focused platform. The Committee also discussed, inter alia, TUI Group's airline strategy and its platform strategy (e. g. IT, brand, marketing) and the associated Group-wide systems. Corporate Governance issues were another focus of our work. Apart from features derived from the further development of the German and the UK Corporate Governance Codes, we also dealt with a review of the remuneration system for the Executive Board. Following the merger, we had deliberately placed the focus on continuity. We merely shifted the remuneration for Supervisory Board members to a system of purely fixed remuneration two years ago. Nevertheless, we recognise that our shareholders regard the remuneration system applied for a number of years as being in need of revision. Following careful review and analysis, we managed, taking into account and weighing up the interests of many stakeholders - including cross-border stakeholders - and following intense debates about numerous alternatives, we finally succeeded in adopting a remuneration system meeting all legal requirements and manifold recommendations. It will be applied with retroactive effect from 1 October 2017, as all Executive Board members have agreed. The new system will increase the transparency of the exercise of discretion by the Supervisory Board in individual performance assessment through alignment with a target system. Moreover, we have abandoned the possibility of paying discretionary bonuses for good. The payment hurdles for the variable remuneration have become significantly more ambitious following your legitimate comments, and they offer the ExecuÂtive Board new opportunities. My colleagues on the Supervisory Board and I are convinced that the new, unanimously adopted compensation system for the Executive Board members harmonises the sometimes diverging interests of shareholders, employees and Executive Board members in the best possible manner. Based on this conviction, we will submit the remuneration system, described concerning its major elements and amendments on page 116 of the Annual Report, to the Annual General Meeting 2018 for its approval. We have also repeatedly dealt with the future composition of the Supervisory Board and its chair, after Peter Long announced that he was no longer seeking to assume the role as chairman of the Supervisory Board. Peter Long will remain Chairman of the Strategy Committee and successfully continue its work in cooperation with the members. The Supervisory Board also plans to elect Mr Long as its second Deputy Chairman when Sir Mike Hodgkinson leaves the Supervisory Board at the Annual General Meeting 2018. Although I have been elected for a term of office that will expire at the Annual General Meeting 2021, I had already announced at my re-election in 2016 that I was going to exercise my functions for an appropriate period of time. I intend to step down from my offices as at 30 September 2018. Against this backdrop, my activities but also those of the Nomination Committee, Presiding Committee and Supervisory Board were devoted in part to the search for a successor. I am delighted that the Supervisory Board, at its meeting on 12 December 2017, proposed Dr Dieter Zetsche as a candidate for election by the Annual General Meeting 2018 and has announced its intention to elect Dr Zetsche as Chairman of the Supervisory Board upon my departure should he be elected by the shareholders. I am convinced that TUI AG has gained a high-calibre, experienced entrepreneur with extensive international experience and a far-reaching understanding of strategically important issues with Dr Zetsche. Cooperation between the Executive Board and the Supervisory Board In a stock corporation under German law, there is a mandatory strict separation of the executive board and the supervisory board. While the management of the company is the exclusive task of the executive board, the supervisory board is in charge of advising and overseeing the executive board. As the oversight body, the Supervisory Board provided on-going advice and supervision for the Executive Board in managing the Company in financial year 2017, as required by the law, the articles of association and our own terms of reference. Its actions were guided by the principles of good and responsible corporate governance. Our monitoring activities essentially served to ensure that the management of business operations and the management of the Group were lawful, orderly, fit for purpose and commercially robust. The individual advisory and oversight tasks of the Supervisory Board are set out in terms of reference. Accordingly, the Supervisory Board is, for instance, closely involved in entrepreneurial planning processes and the discussion of strategic projects and issues. Moreover, there is a defined list of specific Executive Board decisions requiring the consent of the Supervisory Board, some of which call for detailed review in advance and require the analysis of complex facts and circumstances from a supervisory and consultant perspective (own business judgement). TUI AG falls within the scope of the German Industrial Co-Determination Act (MitbestG). Its Supervisory Board is therefore composed of an equal number of shareholder representatives and employee representatives. Employee representatives within the meaning of the Act include a senior manager (section 5 (3) of the German Works Council Constitution Act) and three trade union representatives. All Supervisory Board members have the same rights and obligations and they all have one vote in voting processes. In the event of a tie, a second round of voting can take place according to the terms of reference for the Supervisory Board, in which case I as Chairman of the Supervisory Board have the casting vote. In written and verbal reports, the Executive Board provided us with regular, timely and comprehensive information at our meetings and outside our meetings. The reports encompassed all relevant facts about strategic development, planning, business performance and the position of the Group in the course of the year, the risk situation, risk management and compliance, but also reports from the capital markets (e. g. from analysts), media reports and reports on current events (e. g. crises). The Executive Board discussed with us all key transactions of relevance to the Company and the further development of the Group. Any deviations in business performance from the approved plans were explained in detail. The Supervisory Board was involved in all decisions of fundamental relevance to the Company in good time. We fully discussed and adopted all resolutions in accordance with the law, the Articles of Association and our terms of reference. We were comprehensively and speedily informed about specific and particularly urgent plans and projects, including those arising between the regular meetings. As Chairman of the Supervisory Board, I was also regularly informed about current business developments and key transactions in the Company between Supervisory Board meetings. Deliberations in the Supervisory Board and its Committees Prior to Supervisory Board meetings, the shareholder representatives on the Supervisory Board and the employees' representatives met in separate meetings, which were regularly also attended by Executive Board members. Apart from the full Supervisory Board, a total of five committees were in place in the completed financial year: the Presiding Committee, Audit Committee, Strategy Committee, Nomination Committee and Integration Committee. The Mediation Committee formed pursuant to section 27 (3) of the Co-Determination Act did not have to meet. The Chairman of each Committee provides regular and comprehensive reports about the work performed by the Committee at the ordinary Supervisory Board meetings. In financial year 2017, we again recorded a gratifyingly high meeting attendance, as we have done for several years. Average attendance was 93.8 % (previous year 96.6 %) at plenary meetings and 97.6 % (previous year 90.7 %) at Committee meetings. No Supervisory Board member attended fewer than half of the Supervisory Board meetings in financial year 2017. Members unable to attend a meeting usually participated in the voting through proxies. Preparation of all Supervisory Board members was greatly facilitated by the practice of distributing documents in advance in the run-up to the meetings and largely dispensing with handouts at meetings. Attendance at meetings of the Supervisory Board in financial year 2017
(In brackets: number of meetings held) 2 Deputy Chairman of Committee Key topics discussed by the Supervisory Board The Supervisory Board held nine meetings focusing on the following issues: 1. At its meeting on 26 October 2016, the Supervisory Board discussed the current business performance. The discussions also focused on strategic options for the German TUI fly. In that context, we intensively deliberated on a potential joint venture with Etihad. The debate also related to the stake in Hapag-Lloyd AG (HLAG) and the status of the divestment process for Specialist Group. The Supervisory Board furthermore approved the budget for financial year 2017 and the acquisition of a stake in Peakwork Software. 2. At its extraordinary meeting on 23 November 2016, the Supervisory Board intensively discussed the status of negotiations and approval for the conclusion of a (non-binding) memorandum of understanding to form a joint venture between TUI fly and Etihad. These extensive deliberations focused on essential framework parameters and the future alignment of the planned joint venture. 3. At the extraordinary Supervisory Board meting on 1 December 2016, held in the form of a conference call, we adopted the personal performance factors for the annual performance bonuses for members of the Executive Board for financial year 2016 after due deliberation. Following an in-depth review, we also established the appropriateness of the remuneration and pensions for Executive Board members. 4. At its meeting on 7 December 2016, the Supervisory Board discussed in detail the annual financial statements of TUI Group and TUI AG, each having received an unqualified audit opinion from the auditors, the combined management report for TUI Group and TUI AG, the Report by the Supervisory Board, the Corporate Governance Report and the Remuneration Report. The discussions were also attended by representatives of the auditors. Following comprehensive debate of these reports and its own review carried out on the previous day by the Audit Committee, the Supervisory Board endorsed the findings of the auditors and approved the financial statements prepared by the Executive Board and the combined management report for TUI AG and the Group. The annual financial statements for 2016 were thereby adopted. Moreover, the Supervisory Board approved the Report by the Supervisory Board, the Corporate Governance Report and the Remuneration Report. It also adopted the invitation to the ordinary AGM 2017 and the proposals for resolutions to be submitted to the AGM. The Supervisory Board discussed various options relating to aircraft funding and the future approach to be adopted by the Group. We also resolved the 2016 declaration of compliance with the German Corporate Governance Code and the Corporate Governance Declaration required by the UK's Corporate Governance Code. We moreover decided to adjust our targets for the composition of the Supervisory Board (see Corporate Governance Report) and considered various reports, including a report on the results of our 2016 TUIgether employee survey, the implementation of the female and gender quotas in Germany, the IT strategy and security. In the framework of Executive Board matters, Frank Rosenberger was appointed as member of the Executive Board with effect from 1 January 2017 and a new business allocation plan reflecting the changes in the allocation of responsibilities to Board members was adopted. The Supervisory Board was also given a status report on l'tur and updates on the sales process for Travelopia and the joint venture between TUI fly and Etihad. 5. On 13 February 2017, the Supervisory Board mainly discussed TUI AG's interim statement and report for the quarter ended 31 December 2016 and prepared the 2017 Annual General Meeting. The Supervisory Board also discussed the structure of Executive Board remuneration. We dealt with the sales process for Hotelbeds Group, the business performance and future strategy for source market Germany and approved the final initiation of the sales process for Travelopia. The Supervisory Board also discussed the expansion of capacity at TUI Cruises GmbH and was given reports about the activities of the TUI Foundation and TUI Care Foundation. We were given a comprehensive update on the status of negotiations regarding the planned joint venture between TUI fly and Etihad (e. g. economic framework, open issues). We also adopted resolutions on transactions requiring the Supervisory Board's consent, including the issue of employee shares for financial year 2017 and the further sale of shares in HLAG. We were furthermore given a report on the status of the proceedings Erzberger versus TUI AG before the ECJ. 6. On 12 May 2017, we debated TUI AG's interim report for the second quarter ended on 31 March 2017 and the half-year financial report. We also resolved to extend the appointment of Sebastian Ebel as an Executive Board member and his service contract by a further three years. The Supervisory Board moreover discussed the initial approaches for a reform of the Executive Board remuneration system and we were given another status report on the negotiÂations regarding the planned joint venture between TUI fly and Etihad. The Supervisory Board was then given another update on a potential capacity expansion at TUI Cruises GmbH and the status of the sale of shares in HLAG. We also discussed on-going activities to strengthen IT security and various aspects related to the internal and external security structure. The Supervisory Board considered various Corporate Governance issues and was given a report on the state of pay regarding TUI Group's key litigation cases. The Supervisory Board was also informed about the current business perÂformance and market in Turkey. We debated and deliberated on the impact of the Brexit referendum on the Group. Moreover, the Supervisory Board approved a number of transactions requiring its consent (including the issue of employee shares in financial year 2018, the extension of the revolving credit facility ahead of its due date and the sale of Travelopia subject to certain conditions). 7. At its extraordinary meeting on 29 June 2017, the Supervisory Board discussed the termination of the negotiations on the joint venture between TUI fly and Etihad and engaged in comprehensive and extensive debates with the Executive Board on the resulting options for a repositioning of TUI fly. 8. On 30 August 2017 (by written circulation), the Supervisory Board approved the increase in the Company's capital stock for the issue of employee shares under the oneShare employee share programme for financial year 2017. 9. During a two-day strategy offsite meeting on 13 and 14 September 2017, we intensively debated the key challenges surrounding the business model, growth opportunities, IT trends (e. g. blockchain technology), the Group-wide customer value and customer relationship management platform, uniform branding (oneBrand) and the cruise strategy. We then comprehensively debated the consolidated five-year plan. The discussions also focused on the insolvency of Air Berlin. We furthermore deliberated on Executive Board matters and adopted the fundamental structure of the new remuneration system for the Executive Board. We were also given reports on crisis management, the Security, Health & Safety structure and the security of our customers and employees. We heard a report on the effects of the Transparency of Remuneration Act and the implementation of the Act and dealt with succession planning for the Executive Board and professional development at the top management level. We also discussed the new CSR reporting (see Management Report) and adopted diversity concepts for the composition of the Executive Board and Supervisory Board. We moreover adopted the overall competence profile for the full Supervisory Board. We then adopted resolutions regarding transactions requiring our consent (including the granting of a guarantee as collateral for a loan). Meetings of the Presiding Committee The Presiding Committee takes the lead on various Executive Board issues (including succession planning, new appointments, terms and conditions of service contracts, proposals for the remuneration system). It also prepares the meetings of the Supervisory Board. In the period under review, the Presiding Committee held nine meetings. Members of the Presiding Committee:
1. At its extraordinary meeting on 12 October 2016, the Presiding Committee intensively discussed the business interruption of the German TUI fly against the background of efforts undertaken by the Executive Board to find cooperation partners for the airline, which had become public. The Presiding Committee was given a presentation on the measures initiated by the Executive Board and the status and timeframe of negotiations relating to the cooperation partner project. 2. At its meeting on 26 October 2016, the Presiding Committee discussed Executive Board issues, including deliberations on the creation of a new Executive Board function with a focus on IT and new markets. The Committee also discussed various topics relating to Executive Board remuneration for the completed financial year and the current financial year. 3. At its extraordinary meeting on 23 November 2016, the Presiding Committee discussed the status of the negotiations about the joint venture between TUI fly and Etihad. We also deliberated on various Executive Board issues and adopted resolutions regarding the variable annual remuneration for financial year 2016. We then reviewed the appropriateness of Executive Board remuneration and pensions and discussed the terms and conditions of the service contract for Frank Rosenberger. 4. At its meeting on 6 December 2016, after due deliberation, the Presiding Committee recommended the appointment of Frank Rosenberger as an Executive Board member to the Supervisory Board and discussed further Executive Board issues. 5. On 13 February 2017, the Presiding Committee again discussed the status of negotiations on the joint venture between TUI fly and Etihad as well as the Group's major litigation cases and the divestment process for Travelopia. We then formulated approaches for a fundamental revision of the compensation system for the Executive Board. 6. At its meeting on 12 May 2017, the Presiding Committee discussed renewing the appointment of Sebastian Ebel and the status of the reform of the remuneration system for the Executive Board. Following the abolition of the Integration Committee in December 2016, we were given a report on the merger-related synergies and intercultural integration. 7. At an extraordinary meeting on 13 June 2017, by written circulation, the Presiding Committee granted approval to Friedrich Joussen to join the Supervisory Board of Sixt SE / Pullach. 8. At an extraordinary meeting on 30 August 2017, the Presiding Committee intensively discussed the status of the reform of the remuneration system for the Executive Board. 9. On 13 September 2017, we discussed Executive Board issues. We were also informed about the remuneration structure for the management level below the Executive Board as well as HR development topics. Audit Committee Members of the Audit Committee:
The Audit Committee held eight ordinary meetings in the financial year under review. For the tasks and the advisory and resolution-related issues discussed by the Audit Committee, we refer to the comprehensive report on page 15. Nomination Committee The Nomination Committee proposes suitable shareholder candidates to the Supervisory Board for its election proposals to the Annual General Meeting or appointment by the district court. Members of the Nomination Committee, which held two meetings:
1. At its meeting on 11 May 2017, the Nomination Committee discussed the future composition of the shareholder side of the Supervisory Board and its committees. 2. At its meeting on 12 September 2017, the Nomination Committee again discussed the future composition of the shareholder side of the Supervisory Board. Strategy Committee The Strategy Committee was established on 9 February 2016 by resolution of the Supervisory Board. Its task is to advise the Executive Board in developing and implementing the corporate strategy. The Committee met six times in the financial year under review. Apart from Committee members, the meetings of the Strategy Committee are regularly attended by Sir Michael Hodgkinson. The members of the Strategy Committee, which met six times, are:
1. At its meeting on 25 October 2016, the Supervisory Board extensively dealt with the Group's aviation strategy and the future positioning of TUI fly. We also discussed various aspects related to Customer Relationship Management (CRM) and IT investments. 2. At its meeting on 5 December 2016, the Committee discussed marketing topics, the divestment process for Travelopia and the aviation strategy. 3. On 17 February 2017, we deliberated on the growth of the Mein Schiff fleet and discussed the situation in source market Germany and the marketing strategy pursued in that market. 4. At its meeting on 11 May 2017, the Committee discussed the growth strategy for new markets with a special focus on Asia, in particular China. In that context, we intensively debated the expansion of cooperation schemes as well as TUI's own initiatives. 5. At the meeting on 15 August 2017, we again comprehensively debated the aviation strategy following the termination of the talks with Etihad on the creation of a joint venture. 6. At its meeting on 12 September 2017, the Strategy Committee discussed the impact of the insolvency of Air Berlin on our current business and future implications for our aviation strategy. Integration Committee The Integration Committee was established by the Supervisory Board for a period of two years after the completion of the merger between TUI Travel PLC and TUI AG (until December 2016). Its task was to advise and oversee the Executive Board during the integration process required after the merger. Members of the Integration Committee:
At its only meeting in the period under review, which was also its last, held on 6 December 2016, the Committee discussed the final report on the integration process and the post-merger synergies. Overall, the Committee has rendered a valuable contribution to the delivery of the synergies and the success of cultural integration. Corporate Governance Due to the primary quotation of the TUI AG share on the London Stock Exchange and the constitution of the Company as a German stock corporation, the Supervisory Board naturally also regularly and comprehensively deals with the recommendations of German and British corporate governance. Apart from the mandatory observance of the rules of the German Stock Corporation Act (AktG), German Industrial Co-Determination Act (MitbestG), the Listing Rules and the Disclosure and Transparency Rules, TUI AG had announced in the framework of the merger that the Company was going to observe both the German Corporate Governance Code (DCGK) and - as far as practicable - the UK Corporate Governance Code (UK GCG). For the DCGK - conceptually founded, inter alia, on the German Stock Corporation Act - we issued an unqualified declaration of compliance for 2017 pursuant to section 161 of the German Stock Corporation Act, together with the Executive Board. By contrast, there are some deviations from the UK CGC due for the most part to the different concepts underlying a one-tier management system for a public listed company in the UK (one-tier board) and the two-tier management system comprised of Executive Board and Supervisory Board in a stock corporation based on German law. More detailed information on corporate governance, the declaration of compliance for 2017 pursuant to section 161 of the German Stock Corporation Act and the declaration on the UK CGC is provided in the Corporate Governance Report in the present Annual Report, prepared by the Executive Board and the Supervisory Board (page 99), as well as on TUI AG's website. Conflicts of interest In the period under review, the Supervisory Board continuously monitored the occurrence of conflicts of interest. In the framework of the transactions requiring its consent, the Supervisory Board approved, at its meeting on 12 May 2017, the granting of a guarantee by TUI AG as third-party security for Togebi Holdings Limited ('TUI Russia') before a court in Turkey to initiate a lawsuit. TUI Russia is indirectly controlled by Alexey Mordashov. Mr Mordashov is a member of the Supervisory Board and abstained from voting in order to avoid a conflict of interest. Audit of the annual and consolidated financial statements of TUI AG and the Group Deloitte GmbH Wirtschaftsprüfungsgesellschaft, Hanover, audited the annual financial statements of TUI AG prepared in accordance with the provisions of the German Commercial Code (HGB), as well as the joint management report of TUI AG and TUI Group, and the consolidatedfinancial statements for the 2017 financial year prepared in accordance with the provisions of the International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS), and issued their unqualified audit certificate. The above documents, the Executive Board's proposal for the use of the net profit available for distribution and the audit reports by the auditors had been submitted in good time to all members of the Supervisory Board. They were discussed in detail at the Audit Committee meeting of 11 December 2017 and the Supervisory Board meeting of 12 December 2017, convened to discuss the annual financial statements, where the Executive Board provided comprehensive explanations of these statements. At those meetings, the Chairman of the Audit Committee and the auditors reported on the audit findings, having determined the key audit areas for the financial year under review beforehand with the Audit Committee. Neither the auditors nor the Audit Committee identified any weaknesses in the early risk detection and internal control system. On the basis of our own review of the annual financial statements of TUI AG and TUI Group and the joint management report, we did not have any grounds for objections and therefore concur with the Executive Board's evaluation of the situation of TUI AG and TUI Group. Upon the recommendation of the Audit Committee, we approve the annual financial statements for financial year 2017; the annual financial statements of TUI AG are thereby adopted. We comprehensively discussed the proposal for the appropriation of profits with the Executive Board and approved the proposal in the light of the current and expected future financial position of the Group. Executive Board, Supervisory Board and The composition of the Executive Board and Supervisory Board as at 30 September 2017 is presented in the tables on pages 100 - 101 for the Supervisory Board and page 102 for the Executive Board. In financial year 2017, the composition of the boards did not change. At the meeting on 7 December 2016, Frank Rosenberger was appointed to the Executive Board with effect from 1 January 2017 for a period of three years. At the meeting on 12 May 2017, the appointment of Sebastian Ebel as an Executive Board member was extended by three years to 30 November 2020. In addition, the Supervisory Board extended the appointments of David Burling and Dr Elke Eller. After the extensions became effective on 12 December 2017, David Burling is now appointed until 31 May 2021 and Dr Elke Eller is appointed until 14 October 2021. Word of thanks The Supervisory Board warmly thanks the Executive Board, the managers and all employees for their contribution to the very successful financial year 2017. Hanover, 12 December 2017 On behalf of the Supervisory Board Prof. Klaus Mangold Chairman of the Supervisory Board Audit Committee Report Dear Shareholders, as the Audit Committee, it is our job to assist the Supervisory Board in carrying out its monitoring function during the financial year, particularly in relation to accounting and financial reporting for the TUI Group, as required by legal provisions, the German Corporate Governance Code and the Supervisory Board Terms of Reference. In addition to these core functions, we are responsible in particular for monitoring the effectiveness and proper functioning of internal controls, the risk management system, the Group Auditing department and the legal compliance system. Furthermore, the Audit Committee is responsible for selecting external auditors. The selected auditors are then required to be put forward by the Supervisory Board to the Annual General Meeting for appointment. Following the appointment by the Annual General Meeting, the Supervisory Board formally commissions the external auditors with the task of auditing the annual financial statements and consolidated financial statements and reviewing the quarterly interim reports. The Audit Committee was elected by the Supervisory Board directly after the Annual General Meeting 2016 and consists currently of the following eight Supervisory Board members:
The membership of the Audit Committee members corresponds to the duration of their appointment to the Supervisory Board. There are no personnel changes to report in the composition of this committee since the last election. Both the Chairman of the Audit Committee and the remaining members of the Audit Committee are seen by the Supervisory Board as meeting the criterion of being independent. In addition to the Chairman of the Audit Committee, at least one other member is required to have expertise in the field of accounting and experience in the use of accounting principles and internal control systems. The Audit Committee has six regular meetings a year, and additional topic-specific meetings may also be convened. From this financial year onwards, these topic-specific meetings have included two meetings in which the Executive Board explains to the Audit Committee the key content of the pre-close trading updates published shortly before the reporting date of the annual and six-monthly financial statements. The remaining meeting dates and agendas are geared in particular towards the Group's reporting cycle and the agendas of the Supervisory Board. The Chairman of the Audit Committee reports on the work of the Audit Committee and the proposals it has to make in the Supervisory Board meeting that follows each Audit Committee meeting. Apart from the Audit Committee members, the meetings have been attended by the Chairman of the Executive Board, the CFO and the following management members, based on the topics covered:
The external auditors have also been invited to meetings on relevant topics. Wherever required, additional members of TUI Group senior management and operational management have been asked to attend Audit Committee meetings, as have external consultants. Where it was deemed necessary to go into further detail on specific topics or cases, the Chairman of the Audit Committee held - in addition to Audit Committee meetings - individual meetings with the relevant Executive Board, senior management or auditor representatives. The Chairman of the Audit Committee reported on the key findings and conclusions from these meetings in the next Audit Committee meeting. The members took part in the Audit Committee meetings as shown in the table on page 10. Transfer of the audit mandate for TUI AG By way of a resolution of the Annual General Meeting of TUI AG dated 14 February 2017, Deloitte GmbH Wirtschaftsprüfungsgesellschaft (Deloitte) was elected as the auditor of TUI AG and the TUI Group. We were regularly notified about the transfer process of the audit mandate to Deloitte at our meetings during the financial year. Up to the point of the Annual General Meeting, the mandate was granted to PriceWaterhouseCoopers AG, who were thus responsible for the audit of the first quarterly financial statements. This responsibility passed to Deloitte from the second quarter onwards. The transfer process proceeded professionally and smoothly during the financial year. The experience gathered thus far with Deloitte as an auditor also confirms that we have gained a reliable partner for the audit in Deloitte. Reliability of financial reporting and monitoring of accounting process The Executive Board of a German stock corporation (Aktiengesellschaft) is solely responsible for preparing its Annual Report & Accounts (ARA). Section 243(2) of the German Commercial Code (HGB) requires the ARA to be clearly structured and to give a realistic overview of the company's financial situation. This is equivalent to the requirement of the UK Code for the ARA to be fair, balanced and understandable. Even though the evaluation of this requirement has not been transferred to the Audit Committee, the Executive Board is comfortable that the submitted ARA satisfies the requirements of both legal systems. In order to be sure ourselves of the reliability of both the annual financial statements and interim (quarterly) reporting, we have requested that the Executive Board inform us in detail about the Group's business performance and its financial situation. This was done in the four Audit Committee meetings that took place directly before the financial statements in question were published. In these meetings, the relevant reports were discussed and the auditors also reported in detail on key aspects of the financial statements and on the findings of their audit or review. In order to monitor accounting, we examined individual aspects in great detail. In addition, the accounting treatment of key balance sheet items were reviewed, in particular goodwill, advance payments for tourism services and other provisions. In consultation with the auditors, we made certain that the assumptions and estimates underlying the balance sheet were appropriate. In addition, any material legal disputes and key accounting issues arising from the operating businesses were assessed by the Audit Committee. In the period under review, we concerned ourselves above all with the following individual subjects: Owing to the existing geopolitical risks, we stipulated that each of the quarterly financial statements be accompanied by a report on the effects on earnings, the risks from guarantee and advance payment mechanisms related to Group and third-party hotels in Turkey and North Africa and about the countermeasures being undertaken. The potential exit of the United Kingdom from the European Union was repeatedly an agenda item at our meetings. In particular, we listened to reports about the risks connected to the exit. For instance, effects are expected on the British airlines regarding flight rights within the European Union, not to mention the impact of a sustained weakness of sterling on the cost structure of the British tour operators. After the announcement of the plan to set up a European charter airline with the involvement of TUI fly, huge flight cancellations resulted due to sickness notifications from pilots and cabin staff. We obtained extensive information on the reasons and above all the economic effects of this incident. Similarly, we gathered information about the large corporate transactions of the financial year. This included not only the acquisition of the French Transat Group but also the sale of the Travelopia Group and the shares in Hapag-Lloyd AG. Furthermore, we also examined TUI's investing activity in the following areas: Airlines, Hotels & Resorts, Cruises and IT. We had the key investments within the Group divisions and the contributions to earnings from these investments explained to us. The Audit Committee also discussed the going concern and viability statement analysis prepared by the company to support the statements made in the half-year report and the ARA. Starting with financial year 2018, the management report must contain information on corporate social responsibility (CSR). The management decided to publish the respective information already for this financial year. We had the management tell us about the state of implementation and the content of the report as the responsibility for the review of the content lies with the Supervisory Board. In addition, the consistency of the reconciliation from profit before tax to the key figure 'underlying earnings' and the material adjustments were discussed for all quarterly reports and for the annual financial statements. Our evaluation of all discussed aspects of accounting and financial reporting has been in line with that of both management and the Group auditors. Effectiveness of internal controls and the risk Âmanagement system The Audit Committee recognises that a robust and effective system of internal control is critical to achieving reliable and consistent business performance. To fulfil its legal obligation to examine the effectiveness of internal controls and the risk management system, the Audit Committee is informed regularly about their current status and also about the further development of them. The Group has continued to evolve its internal control framework which is underpinned by the COSO concept. Regular testing by management of the key financial controls is now a matter of routine in the larger businesses, and in our two largest Source Markets (UK and Germany) more widespread testing of internal controls is conducted. Within the Group, the compliance function is further broken down into three areas: Finance, Legal and IT. These teams play a crucial role in improving controls across the Group and identifying areas where more focus is required. The Group auditors also report to us on any weaknesses they find in the internal control system of individual Group companies, and management tracks these items to ensure that they are addressed on a timely basis. As stated on page 30 of the risk report, the Audit Committee receives regular reports on the performance and effectiveness of the risk management system. The Risk Oversight Committee is an important management committee within the Group and we are satisfied that there is appropriate, active management of risk throughout the Group. The Group Audit department ensures the independent monitoring of implemented processes and systems as well as of core projects and reports directly to the Audit Committee in each regular meeting. In the period under review, the Audit Committee was not provided with any audit findings indicating material weaknesses in internal controls or the risk management system. As well as this, talks are held regularly between the Chairman of the Audit Committee and the Director of Group Audit for the purposes of closer consultation. The audits planned by the Group Audit department for the following year were presented to the Audit Committee in detail, discussed and approved. The Audit Committee feels that the effectiveness of the Group Audit department is ensured through this regular consultation. The legal compliance system was examined by third-party experts which confirmed the suitability of the compliance approach. The Groupwide, uniformly implemented system was presented to us and we received a report about the conducted risk analysis and the measures derived from it. In addition to the core elements of the internal control and risk management system, the Group's hedging policy was part of the reporting to us during the year. Whistleblower systems for employees in the event of compliance breaches Whistleblower systems have been set up across the Group to enable employees to draw attention to potential breaches of compliance guidelines. Reporting on the legal compliance system included information about the groupwide standardisation of these whistleblower systems and we were also shown the main findings during the current financial year from this system. Examination of auditor independence and objectivity After finalisation of the tender process in the financial year 2016, the Audit Committee recommended to the Supervisory Board that it propose Deloitte to the Annual General Meeting as auditors for financial year 2017 as well. Following the commissioning of Deloitte as auditors by the Annual General Meeting in February 2017, the Supervisory Board appointed Deloitte with the task of auditing the 2017 annual financial statements and reviewing the half-year financial statements as per 31 March 2017. The Chairman of the Audit Committee discussed with Deloitte in advance the audit plan for the annual financial statements as at 30 September 2017, including the key areas of focus for the audit and the main companies to be audited from the Group's perspective. Based on this, the Audit Committee firmly believes that the audit has taken into account the main financial risks to an appropriate degree and is satisfied that the auditors are independent and objective in how they conduct their work. The audit fees were explained in the context of this selection process and we are convinced that the amount of these costs is reasonable. Based on the regular reporting by the auditors, we have every confidence in the effectiveness of the external audit. In order to ensure the independence of the auditors, any non-audit services to be performed by the auditors must be submitted to the Audit Committee for approval before commissioning. Depending on the amount involved, the Audit Committee makes use of the option of delegating the approval to the company. The Audit Committee Chairman is only involved in the decision once a specified cost limit has been reached. Insofar as the auditor has performed services that do not fall under the Group audit, the nature and extent of these have been explained to the Audit Committee. This process complies with the company's existing guideline regarding the approval of non-audit services and it takes into account the requirements from the AReG regulations on prohibited non-audit services and on limitations of the scope of non-audit services. In financial year 2017, these non-audit services accounted for 7 % of the auditor's overall fee of EUR 9.1 million. I would like to take this opportunity to thank the Audit Committee members, the auditors and the management for their hard work over the past financial year. Hanover, 11 December 2017 Prof. Edgar Ernst Chairman of the Audit Committee Business model Our Business Model TUI is the world's leading tourism group - an integrated business that operates in all stages of the customer's holiday journey. We deliver the full customer experience from inspiration and booking through the travel journey to the experience in the destination. We fulfil this through our own hotel and cruise brands, third party committed and non-committed accommodation as well as destination services, such as transfers and excursions. Hence, we set ourselves apart from component-only players as we are able to enhance the customer experience throughout the holiday. Our integrated model allows us to leverage the distribution power of our source markets and to optimise customer volumes for our own assets. At the same time, offering differentiated and controlled products, we drive demand in our source markets and create entry barriers. Thus, we maximise yields while minimising risk with our integrated approach. Our Segment Strategy Sales & Marketing: Market demand, Âdigitalisation and diversification Across three regions (Northern, Central and Western) we use our distribution and fulfilment power to serve 20 m customers. Our business model allows our source markets to act with maximum flexibility, allowing them to create personalised packages for our customers while optimising yield and minimising risks through combining both owned as well as 3rd party aviation, hotel and cruise capacity. Our in-house aviation with around 150 aircraft allows us to utilise own flight capacity in conjunction with own hotel capacity in order to build high profile destinations, such as Cape Verde. In these destinations, we provide unique experiences to our customers and create high barriers of entry by managing both hotel capacity and flight availability. In addition, our airline allows for flexibility in destination planning, as we are in the position to shift capacities and change routes according to our business needs. Destination Services, our own incoming agency, provides fulfilment services to our customers such as hotel transfers but also offers experiences in the destinations such as excursions. Our Sales and Marketing business is well positioned to benefit from continued tourism market growth. In 2017 we have accelerated our digitalisation efforts and inter alia launched two important IT-Âinitiatives: One CRM and One Inventory Base & One Purchasing. Customer knowledge is key to provide outstanding holiday experiences that result in satisfied and loyal customers. One CRM, building on a shared customer data base drives our knowledge of our customers and therefore enables us to build direct and personalised relationships. Using automated machine learning and analytical capabilities, we share our customer insights with the wider business and enable personalised marketing, sales and services. We are now able to provide individualised experiences, which in turn are expected to lead to cross- and up-selling opportunities. Last but not least, we develop retention propositions based on our enhanced knowledge, thereby driving emotional loyalty and engagement with our brand. Building on the Blockchain technology, we are striving to centralise our inventory on one database, namely, One Inventory / One Purchasing. Own and third party hotel bed capacity is being incorporated in the data base, which is accessible for all source markets. An Artificial Intelligence system creates suggestions on the respective bed capacity allocation and / or bed swap to the source markets based on customer demand, allowing TUI to optimise yields. Blockchain as an underlying technology ensures transparency and trust as well as an immutable tracking of ownership. Suppliers can be on-boarded easily, including new partners from all over the world. Holiday experiences: Grow and diversify TUI's hotel portfolio entails 380 hotels, operating under a concept, ownership, lease, management or franchise model. We differentiate with our own brands Robinson, TUI Magic Life and TUI Blue, as well as with our successful joint venture brands, such as Riu. TUI branded hotels show high customer satisfaction and revenue per customer, signalling the attractiveness to our customers. Since the merger we concluded three non-core business disposals, namely Travelopia, Hotelbeds and the shareholding in Hapag-Lloyd AG. We intend to reinvest the disposal proceeds mainly into our hotel and cruise business, thereby further growing and diversifying our portfolio and pursuing on average a target ROIC of 15 % for new investments. Redeploying capital to our holiday experience businesses will enhance our capital return and will reduce the cyclicality of our cash flow profile. On the hotel side, in line with our existing portfolio, we intend to grow predominantly our low capital intensity share, i. e. through management contracts or through Joint Verntures. In unique destinations or in destinations with an all-year round business, we perceive ownership to be a superior strategy. Further, we focus on diversifying our portfolio geographically by growing our Caribbean and Asian destinations, while strengthening our core destinations in Europe. In our cruise segment, we operate a fleet of 16 cruise ships under three cruise lines, namely our TUI Cruises Joint Venture, Marella Cruises and Hapag-Lloyd Cruises. Each cruise business is dedicated to a specific audience and tailors its concept accordingly, with TUI Cruises and Marella Cruises focusing on local mainstream customers and Hapag-Lloyd offering luxury and expedition experiences. The demand in our distinct market segments relevant for our target customers remains very strong. Despite capacity growth, occupancy of our cruise ships remains at above 100 % in the mainstream market at stable prices, allowing us to further enhance capacity by expanding our fleet. Summary Three years after the merger, we are a stronger, integrated and straÂtegically better positioned business. The merger synergies are fully delivered. Looking ahead we continue to expect to deliver double digit annual earnings growth with less seasonality, strong cash conversion1 and strong ROIC performance. This will be driven by market demand, digitalisation benefits and disciplined expansion of own hotel and cruise content. We therefore expect to deliver at least 10 % growth in underlying EBITA in financial year 20182 and extend our previous guidance of at least 10 % underlying EBITA CAGR to financial year 20201. The Executive Board and the Supervisory Board are recommending a dividend of 65 cents per share in respect of the financial year 2017. Subject to approval at the Annual General Meeting on 13 February 2018, shareholders who held relevant shares at close of business on 13 February 2018 will receive the dividend on 16 February 2018. Further financial targets are achieving a leverage ratio 3.00 to 2.25 times and an interest coverage 5.75 to 6.75 times. Our Employees Qualified and committed employees are a major prerequisite for TUI's long-term success. One of the key elements of our global HR strategy, therefore, is to attract and promote people with talent and to retain them by Âoffering attractive employment conditions. It is our staff who breathe life into our corporate values 'Trusted', 'Unique' and 'Inspiring'. Alongside our vision and our customer promise, they form the basis for our attitudes and actions. Our employee survey TUIgether, which was carried out in in the period under review is a crucial yardstick, showing us our strengths and areas for potential improvements, so that we can improve the corporate performance and make TUI an even more attractive employer. The survey measures the Engagement Index of TUI Group, which is 77 in this year's cycle. Further information about our employees and our sustainability strategy can be found on page 81. 1 We define our cash conversion as the Group's EBITDA less our long-term gross capex target in relation to the Group's EBITDA. 2 Assuming constant foreign exchange rates are applied to the result in the current and prior period and based on the current Group structure. Corporate profile How we do it - Group structure
TUI AG parent company TUI AG is TUI Group's parent company headquartered in Hanover and Berlin. It holds direct or, via its affiliates, indirect interests in the principal Group companies conducting the Group's operating business in individual countries. Overall, TUI AG's group of consolidated companies comprised 259 direct and indirect subsidiaries at the balance sheet date. A further 13 affiliated companies and 28 joint ventures were included in TUI AG's consolidated financial statements on the basis of at equity measurement. For further details on principles and methods of consolidation and TUI Group shareholdings see pages 143 and 233. Organisation and management TUI AG is a stock corporation under German law, whose basic principle is dual management by two boards, the Executive Board and the Supervisory Board. The Executive and Supervisory Boards cooperate closely in governing and monitoring the Company. The Executive Board is responsible for the overall management of the Company. The appointment and removal of Board members is based on sections 84 et seq. of the German Stock Corporation Act in combination with section 31 of the German Co-Determination Act. Amendments to the Articles of Association are effected on the basis of the provisions of sections 179 et seq. of the German Stock Corporation Act in combination with section 24 of TUI AG's Articles of Association. Executive Board and Group Executive Committee At the balance sheet date, the Executive Board of TUI AG consisted of the CEO and five other Board members. For details on Executive Board members see page 102 A Group Executive Committee was set up in order to manage TUI Group strategically and operationally. As at 30 September 2017, the Committee consisted of twelve members who meet under the chairmanship of CEO Friedrich Joussen. TUI Group structure TUI Group's core businesses, Sales & Marketing and Holiday Experiences, are clustered into the segments Northern, Central and Western Region, Hotels & Resorts and Cruises. TUI Group also comprises Other Tourism and All other segments. Sales & Marketing With our three regions Northern, Central and Western Region, we have well positioned sales and marketing structures providing more than 20 million customers a year with exceptional holiday experiences. Our sales activities are based on online and offline channels that also benefit from TUI's strong market position. The travel agencies include Group-owned agencies as well as joint ventures and agencies operated by third parties. Thanks to our direct customer access, we are able to build close relationships with our guests, and in future this will allow us to gear their entire holiday experience even more closely to their personal wishes and preferences, giving us a crucial advantage over our competitors. In order to offer our customers a wide choice of hotels, our Sales & Marketing organisations have access to the exclusive portfolio of TUIhotels. They also have access to third-party bed capacity, some of which have been contractually committed. Our own flight capacity continues to play a key role in our integrated business model. A combination of owned and third-party flying capacity enables us to offer tailor-made travel programmes for each individual source market region and to respond flexibly to changes in customer preferences. Thanks to the balanced management of flight and hotel capacity, we are able to develop high-profile destinations and optimise the margins of both service providers. In financial year 2017, we continued to deliver our internal efficiency enhancement programme at one Aviation, delivering further economies of scale. This has secured the continued competitiveness of our airlines despite challenging market conditions. With our fleet of around 150 aircraft, we rank among the top 10 European airlines in terms of size and are by far the largest charter company. By introducing 737MAX aircraft in 2018, we will continue our strategy of operating a modern, fuel-efficient fleet, which began with the 787 Dreamliner. Northern Region The Northern Region segment comprises Sales & Marketing activities and airlines in the UK, Ireland and the Nordics. In addition, the Canadian strategic venture Sunwing and the joint venture TUI Russia have been included within this segment. In the period under review, the hotel operator Blue Diamond Hotels and Resorts Inc., St. Michael, Barbados, previously carried under Northern Region, was integrated into our hotel business and is now carried in Hotels & Resorts. Moreover, the British cruise business Marella Cruises (operated under the brand Thomson Cruises until October 2017), previously also carried under Northern Region, was reclassified to the Cruises segment. Central Region The Central Region segment comprises the sales and marketing activities and airlines in Germany and the Sales & Marketing activities in Austria, Switzerland and Poland. Western Region The sales and marketing activities and airlines in Belgium, the Netherlands and the Sales & Marketing activities in France are included within the segment Western Region. Holiday Experiences Holiday Experiences comprise our hotel and cruises activities. Hotels & Resorts The Hotels & Resorts segment comprises TUI Group's diversified portfolio of Group hotel brands and hotel companies. The segment includes ownership in hotels, joint ventures with local partners, stakes in companies giving TUI a significant influence, and hotels operated under management contracts. In financial year 2017, Hotels & Resorts comprised a total of 327 hotels with 238,775 beds. TUI Group also comprised 53 concept hotels operated by third-parties under the TUI concepts TUI Sensatori, TUI Sensimar and TUI Family Life. Riu Riu is the largest hotel company in the portfolio of Hotels & Resorts. The Majorca-based company has a high proportion of regular customers and stands out for its professionalism, proven quality and excellent service. Most of the hotels are in the premium and comfort segments and they are predominantly located in Spain, Mexico and the Caribbean. Robinson Robinson, the leading provider in the German-speaking premium club holiday segment, is characterised by its professional sport, entertainment and event portfolio. Moreover, the clubs offer high-quality hotel amenities, excellent service and spacious architecture. Most of the hotels are located in Spain, Greece, Turkey, the Maledives and Austria. The facilities are also aspirational in terms of promoting sustainable development and signing up to specific environmental standards. Blue Diamond In the period under review the hotel operator Blue Diamond Hotels and Resorts Inc., St. Michael, Barbados, has been integrated into the Hotel & Resorts segment. It was previously carried under Northern Region. Blue Diamond is a fast growing resort chain in the Caribbean with a unique approach of tailoring hotels to meet the highest expectations. Other hotel companies and concept hotels Other hotel companies include in particular the Group's other core brands TUI Blue and TUI Magic Life, the hotels of the Grupotel and Iberotel brands as well as our exclusive hotel concepts TUI Sensimar, TUI Sensatori and TUI Family Life. They provide holidays in top locations in our destinÂations and meet high performance, quality and environmental standards. Cruises The Cruises segment consists of Hapag-Lloyd Cruises and the joint venture TUI Cruises. In the period under review, the British cruise business Thomson Cruises, previously managed within Northern Region, was reclassified to the Cruises segment. In October 2017 Thomson Cruises was rebranded to Marella Cruises. With their combined fleet of 16 vessels, the three cruise lines offer different service concepts to serve different target groups.
As at 30 September 2017 * Previously operated under the brand Thomson Cruises TUI Cruises Hamburg-based TUI Cruises is a joint venture formed in 2008 between TUI AG and the US shipping company Royal Caribbean Cruises Ltd., in which each partner holds a 50 % stake. With six ships, TUI Cruises is top-ranked in the German-speaking high-volume premium market for cruises. The Berlitz Cruise Guide rated Mein Schiff 3, Mein Schiff 4, Mein Schiff 5 and Mein Schiff 6 among the world's five best liners in the category 'Large Ships'. Marella Cruises Marella Cruises, previously operated under the brand Thomson Cruises, offers voyages for different segments in the British market. Its fleet includes the Marella Discovery, named in June 2016, and the Marella Discovery 2, launched in May 2017. Hapag-Lloyd Cruises Hapag-Lloyd Cruises is based in Hamburg, and it holds a position of leadership in the German-language market with its fleet of four liners in the luxury and expedition cruise segments. Its flagships are the vessels Europa and Europa 2, which were again awarded the five-star-pluscategory by the Berlitz Cruise Guide and are the world's only ships to be recognised in this way. The expedition vessels include the Hanseatic and the Bremen. Other Tourism Other Tourism comprises central functions such as IT, one Aviation and the French airline Corsair. This segment also includes destination services, catering to the needs of around 12 million customers in about 115 destinations around the world. All other segments The category 'All other segments' includes our business activities for the new markets, the corporate centre functions of TUI AG and the interim holdings, as well as the Group's real estate companies. The final remaining stake in Hapag-Lloyd AG, container shipping was disposed on 10 July 2017 after some stakes had already been sold in the market. Discontinued operations In financial year 2017, Specialist Group carried under discontinued operations in previous year, comprised the tour operator activities pooled under Travelopia, above all providing expedition trips, luxury travel, trips to sports events, student travel and sailing trips. The language travel segment had already been sold in the prior financial year. Crystal Ski and Thomson Lakes & Mountains, which had previously also formed part of Specialist Group, were reclassified to Northern Region and integrated into TUI UK's business at the beginning of financial year 2017, as they have strong synergies and deliver exciting travel experiences. The sale of Specialist Group (Travelopia) to Kohlberg Kravis Roberts (KKR) was completed on 15 June 2017. Research and development As a tourism service provider, the TUI Group does not engage in research and development activities comparable with manufacturing companies. This sub-report is therefore not prepared. How we measure it - value-oriented Group management Management system and Key Performance As the world's leading tourism group with one global brand, an attractive hotel portfolio, a growing cruise business, a modern and efficient aircraft fleet and direct access to 20 million customers, we aim to secure our vertically integrated business model by means of profitable growth and achieve a sustainable increase in the value of the TUI Group. A standardised management system has been created to implement value-driven management across the Group as a whole and in its individual business segments. The value-oriented management system is an integral part of consistent Group-wide planning and controlling processes. Key management variables used for regular value analysis are Return On Invested Capital (ROIC) and Economic Value Added. ROIC is compared with the segment-specific cost of capital. ROIC is calculated as the ratio of underlying earnings before interest, taxes and amortisation of goodwill (underlying EBITA) to average invested interest-bearing invested capital (invested capital) for the segment. Our definition of EBITA is earnings before interest, income tax and impairment of goodwill and excluding the result from the measurement of interest hedges. In order to explain and measure TUI Group's operating performance, we use underlying EBITA. The underlying EBITA has been adjusted for gains on disposal of financial investments, expenses in connection with restructuring measures according to IAS 37, all effects of purchase price allocations, ancillary acquisition cost and conditional purchase price payments and other expenses for and income from one-off items. The one-off items carried as adjustments are income and expense items impacting or distorting the assessment of the operating profitability of the segments and the Group due to their level and frequency. These one-off items include major restructuring and integration expenses not meeting the criteria of IAS 37, major expenses for litigation, profit and loss from the sale of aircraft and other material business transactions of a one-off nature. In the framework of our growth strategy, we aim to achieve an underlying EBITA CAGR of at least 10 % over the years to financial year 2020 (on a constant currency basis). In order to follow the development of the business performance of our segments in the course of the year, we monitor the financial indicators turnover and EBITA, but also key non-financial performance indicators, such as customer numbers in our Sales & Marketing, and capacity or passenger days, occupancy and average prices in Hotels & Resorts and Cruises. In the framework of our sustainability reporting, we have also defined a target indicator for specific CO2 emissions per passenger kilometre for our airlines. We measure achievement of that indicator on an annual basis. Information on operating performance indicators is provided in the sections on 'Segmental performance'and 'Non-financial declaration' and in the Report on Expected Developments Cost of capital
1 Segment beta based on peer group, group beta based on weighted segment betas 2 Segment share based on peer group, group share based on weighted segment shares 3 Rounded to 1/4 percentage points The cost of capital is calculated as the weighted average cost of equity and debt capital (WACC). While the cost of equity reflects the return expected by investors from TUI shares, the cost of debt capital is based on the average borrowing costs of the TUI Group. The cost of capital always shows pre-tax costs, i.e. costs before corporate and investor taxes. The expected return determined in this way corresponds to the same tax level as the underlying earnings included in ROIC. ROIC and Economic Value Added ROIC is calculated as the ratio of underlying earnings before interest, taxes and amortisation of goodwill (underlying EBITA) to the average for invested interest-bearing capital (invested capital) for the relevant segment or sector. Given its definition, this performance indicator is not influenced by any tax or financial factors and has been adjusted for one-off effects. From a Group perspective, invested capital is derived from liabilities, comprising equity (including non-controlling interests) and the balance of interest-bearing liabilities and interest-bearing assets. The cumulative amortisations of purchase price allocations are then added to the invested capital. Apart from ROIC as a relative performance indicator, economic value added is used as an absolute value-oriented performance indicator. Economic Value Added is calculated as the product of ROIC less associated capital costs multiplied by interest-bearing invested capital.
1 Adjustment to net debt to reflect a seasonal average cash balance 2 Average value based on balance at beginning and year-end, incl. seasonal adjustment. For TUI Group, ROIC was 23.6 %, up by 1.7 percentage points compared to the previous year. With the cost of capital of 6.75 %, this meant positive Economic Value Added of EUR 787.0 m (previous year EUR 657.4 m). Risk report Successful management of existing and emerging risks is critical to the long-term success of our business and to the achievement of our strategic objectives. In order to seize market opportunities and leverage the potential for success, risk must be accepted to a reasonable degree. Risk management is therefore an integral component of the Group's Corporate Governance. The current financial year has seen further maturity of the risk management framework with testing of key controls now occurring in our two largest source markets and regular testing of key financial controls occurring across all of our larger businesses. Our risk governance framework is set out below. Risk Governance Framework Strategic direction and risk appetite The Executive Board, with oversight by the Supervisory Board, determines the strategic direction of the TUI Group and agrees the nature and extent of the risks it is willing to take to achieve its strategic objectives. To ensure that the strategic direction chosen by the business represents the best of the strategic options open to it, the Executive Board is supported by the Group Strategy function. This function exists to facilitate and inform the Executive Board's assessment of the risk landscape and development of potential strategies by which it can drive long-term shareholder value. On an annual basis the Group Strategy function develops an in-depth fact base in a consistent format which outlines the market attractiveness, competitive position and financial performance by division and source market. These are then used to facilitate debate as to the level and type of risk that the Executive Board finds appropriate in the pursuit of its strategic objectives. The strategy, once fully defined, considered and approved by the Executive Board, is then incorporated into the Group's three-year roadmap and helps to communicate the risk appetite and expectations of the organisation both internally and externally. Ultimate responsibility for the Group's risk management rests with the Executive Board. Having determined and communicated the appropriate level of risk for the business, the Executive Board has established and maintains a risk management system to identify, assess, manage and monitor risks which could threaten the existence of the company or have a significant impact on the achievement of its strategic objectives: these are referred to as the principal risks of the Group. This risk management system includes an internally-published risk management policy which helps to reinforce the tone set from the top on risk, by instilling an appropriate risk culture in the organisation whereby employees are expected to be risk aware, control minded and 'do the right thing'. The policy provides a formal structure for risk management to embed it in the fabric of the business. Each principal risk has assigned to it a member of the Executive Committee as overall risk sponsor to ensure that there is clarity of responsibility and to ensure that each of the principal risks are understood fully and managed effectively. The Executive Board regularly reports to the Audit Committee of the Supervisory Board on the overall risk position of the Group, on the individual principal risks and their management, and on the performance and effectiveness of the risk management system as a whole. The Risk Oversight Committee ('ROC') ensures on behalf of the ExecuÂtive Board that business risks are identified, assessed, managed and monitored across the businesses and functions of the Group. Meeting on at least a quarterly basis, the ROC's responsibilities include considerÂing the principal risks to the Group's strategy and the risk appetite for each of those risks, assessing the operational effectiveness of the controls in place to manage those risks and any action plans to further improve controls, and reviewing the bottom-up risk reporting from the businesses themselves to assess whether there are any heightened areas of concern. The ROC helps to ensure that risk management is embedded into the planning cycle of the Group and has oversight of the stress-testing of cash flow forecasts. Senior executives from the Group's major businesses are required to attend the ROC on a rotational basis and present on the risk and control framework in their business, so that the members of the ROC can ask questions on the processes in place, the risks present in each business and any new or evolving risks which may be on their horizon, and also to seek confirmation that the appropriate risk culture continues to be in place in each of the major businesses. Chaired by the Chief Financial Officer, other members of the Committee include the Group Director Controlling and Finance Director Tourism, the directors of Compliance & Risk, Financial Accounting, Treasury & Insurance, Group Reporting & Analysis, Assurance, M & A, Investor Relations and representatives from the IT and Legal Compliance functions and Group HR. The director of Group Audit attends without having voting rights to maintain the independence of their function. The ROC reports quarterly to the Executive Board to ensure that it is kept abreast of changes in the risk landscape and developments in the management of principal risks, and to facilitate regular quality discussions on risks and risk management at the Executive Board. The Executive Board has also established a Group Risk team to ensure that the risk management system functions effectively and that the risk management policy is implemented appropriately across the Group. The Group Risk team supports the risk management process by providingguidance, support and challenge to management whilst acting as the central point for coordinating, monitoring and reporting on risk across the Group. The Group Risk team is responsible for the administration and operation of the risk and control software which underpins the Group's risk reporting and risk management process. Each division and source market within the Group is required to adopt the Group Risk Management policy. In order to do this, each either has their own Risk Committee or includes risk as a regular agenda item at their Board meetings to ensure that it receives the appropriate senior management attention within their business. In addition, the divisions and source markets each appoint a Risk Champion, who promotes the risk management policy within their business and ensures its effective application. The Risk Champions are necessarily in close contact with the Group Risk team and they are critical both in ensuring that the risk management system functions effectively and in implementing a culture of continuous improvement in risk management and reporting. Risk Management Process The Group Risk team applies a consistent risk methodology across all key areas of the business. This is underpinned by risk and control software which reinforces clarity of language, visibility of risks, controls and actions and accountability of ownership. Although the process of risk identification, assessment and response is continuous and embedded within the day-to-day operations of the divisions and source markets, it is consolidated, reported and reviewed at varying levels throughout the Group on at least a quarterly basis. Risk Identification: On a quarterly basis, line management closest to the risks identify the risks relevant to the pursuit of the strategy within their business area in the context of four types of risk:
A risk owner is assigned to each risk, who has the accountability and authority for ensuring that the risk is appropriately managed. Risk Descriptions: The nature of the risk is articulated, stating the underlying concern the risk gives arise to, identifying the possible causal factors that may result in the risk materialising and outlining the potential consequences should the risk crystallise. This allows the divisions / Risk Assessment: The methodology used is to initially assess the gross risk. The gross risk is essentially the worst case scenario, being the product of the impact together with the likelihood of the risk materialising if there were no controls in place to manage, mitigate or monitor the risk. The key benefit of assessing the gross risk is that it highlights the potential risk exposure if controls were to fail completely or not be in place at all. Both impact and likelihood are scored on a rating of 1 to 5 using the criteria outlined below. The next step in the process is to assess the controls which are currently in place and which help to reduce the likelihood of the risk materialising and / or its impact if it does. The details of the controls including the control owners are documented. Consideration of the controls in place then enables the current or net risk score to be assessed, which is essentially the reasonably foreseeable scenario. This measures the impact and likelihood of the risk with the current controls identified in operation. The key benefit of assessing the current risk score is that it provides an understanding of the current level of risk faced today and the reliance placed on the controls currently in operation.
* Budgeted underlying EBITA for the financial year ended 30 September 2017
Risk Response: If management are comfortable with the current risk score, then the risk is accepted and therefore no further action is required. The controls in place continue to be operated and management monitor the risk, the controls and the risk landscape to ensure that the risk score stays stable and in line with management's tolerance of the risk. If, however, management assesses that the current risk score is too high, then an action plan will be drawn up with the objective of introducing new or stronger controls which will reduce the impact and / or likelihood of the risk to an acceptable, tolerable and justifiable level. This is known as the target risk score and is the parameter by which management can ensure the risk is being managed in line with the Group's overall risk appetite. The risk owner will normally be the individual tasked with ensuring that this action plan is implemented within an agreed timetable. Each division / source market will continue to review their risk register on an ongoing basis through the mechanism appropriate for their business e. g. local Risk Committee. The risk owner will be held to account if action plans are not implemented within the agreed delivery timescales. This bottom-up risk reporting is considered by the ROC alongside the Group's principal risks. New risks are added to the Group's principal risk register if deemed to be of a significant nature so that the ongoing status and the progression of key action plans can be managed in line with the Group's targets and expectations. Ad hoc risk reporting Whilst there is a formal process in place aligned to reporting on risks and risk management on a quarterly basis, the process of risk identification, assessment and response is continuous and therefore if required risks can be reported to the Executive Board outside of the quarterly process if events dictate that this is necessary and appropriate. Ideally such ad hoc reporting is performed by the business or function which is closest to the risk, but it can be performed by the Group Risk team if necessary. The best example of ad hoc risk reporting in the year was an assessment of the risks posed by the insolvency of Air Berlin. Risk maturity & culture During the current financial year, the Risk Champions and the Group Risk team have continued to work together on risk management actions plans for the businesses as part of the culture of continuous improvement. Periodically we ask the businesses to formally assess the risk maturity and culture of their business, primarily through the Risk Champions completing self-assessment questionnaires, validating this with their local boards and then discussing their responses with the Group Risk team. We regularly conduct a Group-wide employee survey, and the feedback received from our employees often leads to a number of initiatives being taken. The survey is a key yardstick for us, indicating where we stand and facilitating the reinforcement of our vision and values into ourcorporate culture. Entity scoping A robust exercise is conducted each year to determine the specific entities in the Group which need to be included within the risk and control software and therefore be subject to the full rigour of the risk management process. The scoping exercise starts with the entities included within the Group's consolidation system, and applies materiality thresholds to a combination of revenue, profit and asset benchmarks. From the entities this identifies, the common business management level at which those entities are managed is identified to dictate the entities which need to be set in the risk and control software itself to facilitate completeness of bottom-up risk reporting across the Group. This ensures that the risks and controls are able to be captured appropriately at the level at which the risks are being managed. Effectiveness of risk management system The Executive Board regularly reports to the Audit Committee of the Supervisory Board on the performance and effectiveness of the risk management system, supported by the ROC and the Group Risk team. The results of control testing in the UK&I and German businesses and the financial control testing undertaken across a number of our larger businesses forms a key part of the effectiveness oversight. Additionally, the Audit Committee receives assurance from Internal Audit through its programme of audits over a selection of principal risks and business transformation initiatives most critical to the Group's continued success. The conclusion from all of the above assurance work is that the risk management system has functioned effectively throughout the year and there have been no significant failings or weaknesses identified. Of course there is always room for improvement and as noted earlier, the Risk Champions and the Group Risk team have continued to work together on risk management actions plans for the businesses. Broadly this concerns ensuring consistency of approach in assessing risk scores, clearer identification of controls currently in place as well as any action plans to introduce further controls, and ensuring that risk identification has considered the four risk categories. Finally, in accordance with Section 317 (4) HGB (German Commercial Code), the auditor of TUI AG has reviewed the Group's early detection system for risks in place as required by Section 91 (2) AktG (German Stock Corporation Act) to conclude, if the system can fulfill its duties. Principal Risks There are some principal risks which are inherent to the tourism sector and necessarily face all businesses in the sector. For these inherent risks we have controls, processes and procedures in place as a matter of course which serve to mitigate each risk to either minimise the likelihood of the event occurring and / or minimise the impact if it does occur. These risks are on our risk radar and we regularly monitor the risk, the controls and the risk landscape to ensure that the risk score stays stable and in line with our risk appetite in each case. Furthermore, the tourism industry is fast-paced and competitive, with the emergence of new market participants operating new business models, combined with consumer tastes and preferences evolving all the time. As a result as a business we always have to adapt to the changing environment, and it is this process of constant change which generally gives rise to a number of principal risks which we have to actively manage in order to bring the risk into line with our overall risk appetite. We have action plans in place to increase controls around each of these risks and reduce the current net risk score to the target level indicated in the heat map overleaf. In the heat map the assessment criteria used are shown on page 33. Note that the quantitative impact assessment is based on the budgeted underlying EBITA for the financial year ended 30 September 2017. If the risk detail in the subsequent tables does not suggest otherwise, the risks shown below relate to all segments of the Group. The risks listed are the principal risks to which we are exposed and are not exhaustive. They will necessarily evolve over time due to the dynamic nature of our business. Principal risks - Inherent to the sector Nature of Risk DESTINATION DISRUPTION Providers of holiday and travel services are exposed to the inherent risk of incidents affecting some countries or destinations within their operations. This can include natural catastrophes such as hurricanes or tsunamis; outbreaks of disease such as Ebola; political volatility as has been seen in Egypt and Greece in recent years; the implications of war in countries close to our source markets and destinations; and terrorist events such as the tragic incident in Tunisia last year. There is the risk that if such an event occurs which impacts on one or more of our destinations that we could potentially suffer significant operational disruption and costs in our businesses. We may possibly be required to repatriate our customers and / or the event could lead to a significant decline in demand for holidays to the affected destinations over an extended period of time. Mitigating Factors
Nature of Risk MACROECONOMIC RISKS Spending on travel and tourism is discretionary and price sensitive. The economic outlook remains uncertain with different source markets at different points in the economic cycle. Furthermore, terrorist incidents in source markets can influence the overall demand for overseas travel in those markets. Consumers are also waiting longer to book their trips in order to assess their financial situation. There is the risk that fluctuations in macroeconomic conditions in our source markets will impact on the spending power of our customers which could impact on our short-term growth rates and lead to margin erosion. Furthermore, changes in macroeconomic conditions can have an impact on exchange rates which, particularly for the £ / EUR rate, has a direct impact on the translation of non-euro source market results into euros, the reporting currency of our Group. Mitigating Factors
Nature of Risk COMPETITION & CONSUMER PREFERENCES The tourism industry is fast-paced and competitive with the emergence of new market participants operating new business models, combined with consumer tastes and preferences evolving all the time. In recent years there has been an emergence of successful substitute business models such as web-based travel and hotel portals which allow end users to combine the individual elements of a holiday trip on their own and book them separately. Consumer tastes and preferences have evolved in recent years as well, with more consumers booking their holidays online and via mobiles and tablets, and booking closer to the time of travel. There is the risk that if we do not respond adequately to such business model disruption or if our products and services fail to meet changing customer demands and preferences, that our turnover, market share and profitability will suffer as a result. Mitigating Factors
Nature of Risk INPUT COST VOLATILITY A significant proportion of operating expenses are in non-local currency and / or relate to aircraft fuel which therefore exposes the business to changes in both exchange rates and fuel prices. There is the risk that if we do not manage adequately the volatility of exchange rates, fuel prices and other input costs, then this could result in increased costs and lead to margin erosion, impacting on our ability to achieve profit targets. There is also the risk that if our hedging policy is too rigid, we may find ourselves unable to respond to competitive pricing pressures during the season without it having a direct detrimental impact on our market position and / or profitability. Mitigating Factors
Nature of Risk SEASONAL CASH FLOW PROFILE Tourism is an inherently seasonal business with the majority of profits earned in the European summer months. Cash flows are similarly seasonal with the cash high occurring in the summer as advance payments and final balances are received from customers, with the cash low occurring in the winter as liabilities have to be settled with many suppliers after the end of the summer season. There is the risk that if we do not adequately manage cash balances through the winter low period this could impact on the Group's liquidity and ability to settle liabilities as they fall due whilst ensuring that financial covenants are maintained. Mitigating Factors
Nature of Risk LEGAL & REGULATORY COMPLIANCE Most providers of holiday and travel services operate across a number of economies and jurisdictions which therefore exposes them to a range of legal, tax and other regulatory laws which must be complied with. As the TUI Group is the world's leading tourism business operating from multiple source markets and providing holidays in more than 100 destinÂations, we are exposed to a range of laws and regulations with which we must comply or else risk incurring fines or other sanctions from regulatory bodies. Mitigating Factors
Nature of Risk HEALTH & SAFETY For all providers of holiday and travel services, ensuring the health and safety of customers is of paramount importance. This is especially so for TUI as we are the world's leading tourism group selling holidays to over 20 million customers per annum. There is the risk of accidents or incidents occurring causing illness, injury or death to customers or colleagues whilst on a TUI holiday. This could result in reputational damage to the business and / or financial liabilities through legal action being taken by the affected parties. Mitigating Factors
Nature of Risk SUPPLY CHAIN RISK Providers of holiday and travel services are exposed to the inherent risk of failure in their key suppliers, particularly hotels. This is further heightened by the industry convention of paying in advance ('prepayment') to secure a level of room allocation for the season. There is the risk that we do not adequately manage our financial exposure should demand drop either for individual hotels and / or for the destinÂation in which the hotels are located and to which the tour operator still has a level of prepayment outstanding which could result in financial losses. Mitigating Factors
Nature of Risk JOINT VENTURE PARTNERSHIPS It is common for tourism groups to use joint venture partnerships in some of their operations in order to reduce the risk of new ventures or to gain access to additional expertise. TUI has three significant joint ventures - Riu, TUI Cruises and Sunwing. There is the risk that if we do not maintain good relations with our key partners that the ventures' objectives may not remain consistent with that of the Group which could lead to operational difficulties and jeopardise the achievement of financial targets. Mitigating Factors
Actively managed principal risks - Strategic and emerging and business change Nature of Risk IT DEVELOPMENT & STRATEGY Our focus is on enhancing customer experience by providing engaging, intuitive, seamless and continuous customer service through delivery of leading digital solutions, core platform capabilities, underlying technical infrastructure and IT services required to support the Group's overall strategy for driving profitable top-line growth. There is a risk that we fail to keep up with or outpace the market and evolving consumer preferences, we do not concentrate our activities on the correct areas for overall business success, do not address legacy inefficiencies and complexities of our existing infrastructure, do not ensure continuity of service for critical IT systems and / or do not Âexecute our strategy and developments in line with expectations. If we are ineffective in our strategy or technology development this could impact on our ability to provide leading technology solutions in our markets thereby impacting on our competitiveness, our ability to provide a superior customer experience and associated impact on quality and operational efficiency. This would ultimately impact on our customer numbers, revenue and profitability. Mitigating Factors
Nature of Risk BRAND CHANGE Our strategy is to migrate our many local tour operating brands in to one global brand, with the aim of strengthening and enhancing our competitive positon, particularly in the online world. We are aiming to capitalise on the strength of the TUI brand on a global scale whilst ensuring we maintain local roots. There is an inherent risk when executing such a large scale global brand strategy that we may not be able to maintain the benefits of local brand equity throughout the process and we recognise that such a large programme should take place with respect for the interests of all our stakeholders and existing contractual obligations. If we do not successfully deliver against our strategy this could result in a decline in brand awareness and loyalty with associated decline in customer demand or it could impact on our ability to maximise on the opportunities facilitated by having one brand on a global scale. Mitigating Factors
Nature of Risk GROWTH STRATEGY We have set ourselves a medium-term target of achieving at least 10 % growth in underlying EBITA at constant currency rates (see page 48). This will be driven by growth in own hotel and cruises content, and top line and efficiency improvements. Additionally we have broadened our offering to customers by introducing extra flexibility into our packages, and expanded our long-haul offering by taking advantage of the capabilities of the 787s which we have and are due to receive via our order book. Note that availability of aircraft finance is a key assumption of our business model. Whilst managing this expansion, we must continue to adapt to changes in consumer tastes and booking profiles, and we must continue to match our capacity to consumer demand. Asset utilisation - of aircraft, cruise ships and hotels - is critical to our financial success particularly when in a growth phase. There is a risk that we could be unsuccessful in maximising opportunities to execute our expansion strategy. This could mean that we fail to achieve some of the initiatives we have embarked upon, which could result in us falling short against the overall growth targets we have set for the business. Mitigating Factors
Nature of Risk INTEGRATION & RESTRUCTURING OPPORTUNITIES Our key strategic rationale for TUI Group is to act 'as one' wherever it makes sense to do so, whilst maintaining local differences where the benefit of that differentiation is greater than that of harmonisation. There are a number of restructuring projects underway across the Group as a result to enable us to achieve these opportunities. Furthermore our continuous review of our own businesses and competitors means that we do have an active programme of business disposals (e. g. Travelopia in financial year 2017) and acquisitions with associated integration projects. There is an inherent risk with any large restructuring or integration programme that we face challenges in managing the complexities associated with further integrating our business, and reducing overlapping activities in order to develop a more lean and streamlined operating model. If we are not successful in leveraging and optimising the identified opportunities this could have a significant impact on our ability to deliver the identified benefits in line with expectations and enhance shareholder value. Mitigating Factors
Nature of Risk CORPORATE & SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY For TUI Group, economic, environmental and social sustainability is a fundamental management principle and a cornerstone of our strategy for continually enhancing the value of our Company. This is the way we create the conditions for long-term economic success and assumeresponsibility for sustainable development in the tourism sector. Our focus is to reduce the environmental impact of our holidays and promote responsible social policies and outcomes both directly through our own business and indirectly via our influence over our supply chain partners, thereby creating positive change for people and communities and being a pioneer of sustainable tourism across the world. There is a risk that we are not successful in driving forecast social and environmental improvements across our operations, that our suppliers do not uphold our corporate and social responsibility standards and we fail to influence destinations to manage tourism more sustainably. If we do not maximise our positive impact on destinations and minimise the negative impact to the extent that our stakeholders expect, this could result in a decline in stakeholder confidence, reputational damage, reduction in demand for our products and services and loss of competitiveadvantage. Furthermore, if TUI Group falls short of achieving its sustainable development targets and at the same time the objectives of the UN Paris Climate Change Agreement (December 2015) are not met, this could lead to sustained long-term damage to certain of the TUI Group's current and future destinations, which could also have a material adverse effect on demand for our products and services. Mitigating Factors
Nature of Risk INFORMATION SECURITY Our responsibility is to protect the confidentiality, integrity and availÂability of the data we have and the services we provide to our customers, our employees, our suppliers and service delivery teams. This is a dynamic risk due to increased global cyber-crime activity and new regulations. At the same time our consolidation under the TUI brand and our increasing dependence on online sales and customer care channels (web / mobile) increases our exposure and susceptibility to cyber-attacks and hacks. If we do not ensure we have the appropriate level of security controls in place across the Group, this could have a significant negative impact on our key stakeholders, associated reputational damage and potential for financial implications. Mitigating Factors
Nature of Risk BREXIT With the UK government formally triggering Article 50 of the Treaty on European Union of Lisbon on 29th March 2017, Brexit has become an active principal risk facing TUI Group. Brexit has an impact both on Âexisting principal risks (e. g. Macroeconomic risks and Input Cost Volatility, through the uncertainty it has introduced to prospects for future growth rates in the UK economy and the sustained depreciation of sterling since the referendum result in 2016) as well as introducing a new class of principal risk due to the direct potential impact it could have on specific areas of our business model. Our main concern is whether or not all of our airlines would continue to have access to EU airspace as now. If we were unable to continue to fly intra-EU routes, such as from Germany to Spain, this would have a significant operational and financial impact on TUI Group. Other areas of uncertainty include the status of our UK employees working in the EU and vice versa, and the potential for customer visa requirements for holidays from the UK to the EU. Mitigating Factors
Risks with no impact on underlying EBITA Impairment risk related to the investment in container shipping (Hapag-Lloyd AG). During the current financial year, TUI Group disposed of all of its investment in the container shipping company, Hapag-Lloyd AG, and therefore this risk no longer exists. German trade tax risk. As noted in prior years, the German tax authorities have issued guidance on how certain items of expenditure should be treated for the purposes of German trade tax. The Group continues to disagree with the German tax authorities' interpretation of this matter and it is possible that the issue will have to be litigated through the German tax courts which could take a considerable amount of time to bring it to a resolution. There was no change to this risk during the Âfinancial year 2017, however the provision on the balance sheet at 30 September 2017 was increased to EUR 50 m (2016: EUR 44 m), primarily due to the interest effects. Overall risk assessment With the UK government formally triggering Article 50 of the Treaty on European Union of Lisbon on 29th March 2017, Brexit has become an active principal risk facing TUI Group. Brexit has an impact both on existing principal risks (e. g. Macroeconomic risks and Input Cost Volatility, through the uncertainty it has introduced to prospects for future growth rates in the UK economy and the sustained depreciation of sterling since the referendum result in 2016) as well as introducing a new class of principal risk due to the direct potential impact it could have on specific areas of our business model. Our main concern is whether or not all of our airlines would continue to have access to EU airspace as now. Other areas of uncertainty include the status of our UK employees working in the EU and vice versa, and the potential for customer visa requirements for holidays from the UK to the EU. If we were unable to continue to fly intra-EU routes, such as from Germany to Spain, this would have a significant operational and financial impact on TUI Group. It is for this reason that we currently give Brexit the highest possible risk score using the impact and likelihood assessment criteria detailed on page 33, with the expectation that this score will decline over time as either political negotiations lead to confirmation of continued access to EU airspace, or as our mitigation strategies begin to be implemented. Macroeconomic risk we view as being materially unchanged compared to last year, with Brexit and the UK election result in June continuing to create some degree of uncertainty over prospects for future growth rates in the UK economy. The sustained depreciation of sterling since last year's UK Brexit referendum has a cost impact through making foreign denominated input costs in the UK business more expensive in sterling terms. Whilst the standard hedging policy we follow meant that the UK Source Market had already hedged a significant proportion of its foreign currency requirements for the current financial year ahead of the Brexit referendum, the unhedged portion resulted in higher costs which impacted the UK business in the second half of this year. Assuming the Pound Sterling does not strengthen, this will remain the case through to the Summer 2018 season. Normal business practice is to increase holiday prices to offset these higher input costs and protect margins, however competitive pressures may prevent prices from rising to the full extent required. Whilst the business continues to focus strongly on efficiency, which assists to offset against this we view the input cost volatility risk as having increased compared to last year. The other risk we see as having increased over the course of the current year is Information Security, of which cyber security is a major component, due to increased global cyber-crime activity as highlighted by well-publicised events such as the Wannacry incident. To address this increasing risk we have launched a Group-wide Information SecurÂity awareness campaign to promote secure behaviours amongst our colleagues. The overall goal is to make information security part of everyone's job. Destination disruption is an inherent risk to which all providers of holiday and travel services are exposed. This disruption can take place in many forms such as natural catastrophes (e. g. recent hurricane activity in the Caribbean), outbreaks of diseases, social unrest, terrorist attacks and the implications of war in countries close to our source markets and destinations. General customer concerns over safety and security in eastern Mediterranean destinations (particularly Turkey) has continued to depress demand across all our source markets for these destinations, although there has been some improvement in demand compared to last year. Due to our geographic reach, we are able to offer our customers alternative destinations such as Spain, Canary Islands, Cape Verde etc. Despite this continued shift in demand, Turkey remains an important destination for our Group. Our general policy in respect of destinations remains to follow foreign office advice in each of our source markets relating to non-essential travel to specific destinations. Overall, we consider this risk to be materially unchanged compared to the prior year. Our brand change programme has seen further successful brand changes in the current financial year in our Nordic and Belgian businesses and the major brand transition in the UK&I of Thomson to TUI is now well underway in financial year 2018. Overall therefore we see this risk as having declined over the year. Similarly the progress made with our sustainable development initiatives leads us to view the Corporate & Social Responsibility risk as having declined compared to last year. Two risks have dropped out of our Principal Risk register compared to last year. Achievement of our merger synergy targets means that this programme has now ceased and therefore the Corporate Streamlining risk drops out of our risk register completely. Similarly, we have successfully navigated our way through the initial period of post-merger concern with regards to retaining key talent and we now have standardised processes in place for managing key talent in the Group, and therefore Talent Management risk is viewed as now being a 'Business As Usual' risk which is overseen by the Group HR team. Finally, during the current financial year TUI Group disposed of all of its investment in the container shipping company, Hapag-Lloyd AG, and therefore the impairment risk highlighted in previous years no longer exists. Other than the items noted above, the Executive Board is of the opinion that there has been no other significant change to the risk landscape of the Group. Viability statement In accordance with provision C2.2 of the 2014 revision of the UK Corporate Governance Code, the Executive Board has assessed the prospect of the Company over a longer period than the twelve months required by the 'Going Concern' provision. The Executive Board considers annually and on a rolling-basis a three year strategic plan for the business as outlined earlier in the 'Strategic direction and risk appetite' section. The latest three year plan was approved in October 2017 and covers the period to 30 September 2020. A three year horizon is considered appropriate for a fast-moving competitive environment such as tourism, and it is noted that the Group's current EUR 1,535.0 m revolving credit limit, which is used to manage the seasonality of the Group's cash flows and liquidity, matures in July 2022 which is beyond the timeframe of the three year horizon. The three year plan considers cash flows as well as the financial covenants which the credit facility requires compliance with. Key assumptions underpinning the three year plan and the associated cash flow forecast is that aircraft and cruise ship finance will continue to be readily available, and that the terms of the UK leaving the EU are such that all of our airlines continue to have access to EU airspace as now. The Executive Board has conducted a robust assessment of the principal risks facing the company, including those that would threaten its business model, future performance, solvency or liquidity. Sensitivity analysis is applied to the cash flow to model the potential effects should certain principal risks actually occur, individually or in unison. This includes modelling the effects on the cash flow of significant disruption to a major destination in the summer season. Taking account of the company's current position, principal risks and the aforementioned sensitivity analysis, the Executive Board has a reasonable expectation that the company will be able to continue in operation and meet its liabilities as they fall due over the three year period of the assessment. Key features of the internal control and risk 1. Definition and elements of the internal control and risk management system in the TUI Group The TUI Group's internal control system comprises all the principles, processes and measures that are applied to secure effective, efficient and accurate accounting which is compliant with the necessary legal requirements. In the completed financial year, the TUI Group's existing internal control system was further developed, drawing on the internationally recognised framework of COSO (Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission), which forms the conceptual basis for the internal control system. The TUI Group's internal control system consists of internal controls and the internal monitoring system. The Executive Board of TUI AG, in exercising its function of managing business operations, has entrusted responsibility for the internal control system in the TUI Group to specificGroup functions. The elements of the internal monitoring system in the TUI Group comprise both measures integrated into processes and measures performed independently. Besides manual process controls, e. g. the 'four-eyes principle', another key element of the process-related measures are automated IT process controls. Process-related monitoring is also secured by bodies such as the Risk Oversight Committee of TUI AG and by specific Group functions. The Supervisory Board of TUI AG, in particular its Audit Committee, as well as the Group Auditing department at TUI AG are incorporated into the TUI Group's internal monitoring system through their audit activities performed independently from business processes. On the basis of section 107 (3) of the German Stock Corporation Act, the Audit Committee of TUI AG deals primarily with the auditing of the annual financial statements, monitoring the accounting process and the effectiveness of the internal control and risk management system. In the Audit Committee Report the reliability of the financial reporting and the monitoring of the financial accounting process as well as the effectiveness of the internal control and risk management system are described. Audit Committee Report see from page 15 The Group's auditors have oversight of the TUI Group's control environment. The audit of the consolidated financial statements by the Group auditor and the audit of the individual financial statements of Group companies included in the consolidated financial statements, in particular,constitute a key non-Âprocess-related monitoring measure with regard to Group accounting. In relation to Group accounting, the risk management system, introduced as an Enterprise Risk Management System (ERM System) as a component of the internal control system, also addresses the risk of misstatements in Group bookkeeping and external reporting. Apart from operational risk management, which includes the transfer of risks to insurance companies by creating cover for damage and liability risks and also hedging transactions to limit foreign currency and fuel price risks, the TUI Group's risk management system embraces the systematic early detection, management and monitoring of risks across the Group. A more detailed explanation of the risk management system is provided in the section on the Risk Governance Framework in the Risk Report. 2. Use of IT systems Bookkeeping transactions are captured in the individual financial statements of TUI AG and of the subsidiaries of TUI AG, through local accounting systems such as SAP or Oracle. As part of the process of preparing their individual financial statements, subsidiaries complete standardized reporting packages in the Group's Oracle Hyperion Financial Management 11.1.2.4 (HFM) reporting system. HFM is used as the uniform reporting and consolidation system throughout the Group so that no addÂitional interfaces exist for the preparation of the consolidated financial statements. All consolidation processes used to prepare the consolidated financial statements of TUI AG, e. g. capital consolidation, assets and liabilities consolidation and expenses and income elimination including at equity measurement, are generated and fully documented in HFM. All elementsof TUI AG's consolidated financial statements, including the disclosures in the Notes, are developed from the HFM consolidation system. HFM also provides various modules for evaluation purposes in order to prepare complementary information to explain TUI AG's consolidated financial statements. The HFM reporting and consolidation system has an in-built workflow process whereby when businesses promote their data within the system, to signal that their reporting package is complete, they are then locked out from making any further changes to that data. This ensures data integrity within the system and also facilitates a strong audit trail enabling changes to a reporting package to be identified. This feature of the HFM system has been checked and validated by the TUI AG Group Audit department on several occasions since the system was introduced. At their own discretion, TUI AG's Group auditors select certain individual financial statements from the financial statements entered in the HFM reporting and consolidation system by the Group companies, which are then reviewed for the purposes of auditing the consolidated financial statements. 3. Specific risks related to Group Accounting Specific risks related to Group accounting may arise, for example, from unusual or complex business transactions, in particular at critical times towards the end of the financial year. Business transactions not routinely processed also entail special risks. The discretion necessarily granted to employees for the recognition and measurement of assets and liabilities may result in further Group accounting-related risks. The outsourcing and transfer of accounting-specific tasks to service comÂpanies may also give rise to specific risks. Accounting-related risks from derivative financial instruments are outlined in the Notes to the consoliÂdated financial statements. 4. Key regulation and control activities to ensure proper and reliable (Group) Accounting The internal control measures aimed at securing proper and reliable Group accounting ensure that business transactions are fully recorded in a timely manner in accordance with legal requirements and the Articles of Association. This also ensures that assets and liabilities are properly recognised, measured and presented in the consolidated Âfinancial statements. The control operations also ensure that bookkeeping records provide reliable and comprehensive information. Controls implemented to secure proper and reliable accounting include, for instance, analysis of facts and developments on the basis of specific indicators. Separation of administrative, execution, settlement and authorization functions and the implementation of these functions by different persons reduces the potential for fraudulent operations. Organisational measures also aim to capture any corporate or Group-wide restructuring or changes in sector business operations rapidly and appropriately in Group accounting. They also ensure, for instance, that bookkeeping transactions are correctly recognised in the period in which they occur in the event of changes in the IT systems used by the accounting departments of Group companies. The internal control system likewise ensures that changes in the TUI Group's economic or legal environment are mapped and that new or amended accounting standards are correctly applied. The TUI Group's accounting policies together with the International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) in compliance with EU legislation, govern the uniform accounting and measurement principles for the German and foreign companies included in TUI's consolidated financial statements. They include general accounting principles and methods, policies concerning the statement of financial position, income statement, notes, management report, cash flow statement and segment reporting. The TUI Group's accounting policies also govern specific formal requirements for the consolidated financial statements. Besides defining the group of consolidated companies, they include detailed guidance on the reporting of financial information by those companies via the group reporting system HFM on a monthly, quarterly and year end basis. TUI's accounting policies also include, for instance, specific instructions on the initiating, reconciling, accounting for and settlement of transactions between group companies or determination of the fair value of certain assets, especially goodwill. At Group level, specific controls to ensure proper and reliable Group accounting include the analysis and, where necessary, correction of the individual financial statements submitted by the Group companies, taking account of the reports prepared by the auditors and meetings to discussthe financial statements which involve both the auditors and local management. Any further content that requires adjusting can be isolated and processed downstream. The control mechanisms already established in the HFM consolidation system minimize the risk of processing erroneous financial statements. Certain parameters are determined at Group level and have to be applied by Group companies. This includes parameters applicable to the measurement of pension provisions or other provisions and the interest rates to be applied when cash flow models are used to calculate the fair value of certain assets. The central implementation of impairment tests for goodwill recognized in the financial statements secures the application of uniform and standardized evaluation criteria. 5. Disclaimer With the organisational, control and monitoring structures established by the TUI Group, the internal control and risk management system enables company-specific facts to be captured, processed and recognized in full and properly presented in the Group's accounts. However, it lies in the very nature of the matter that discretionary decision-making, faulty checks, criminal acts and other circumstances, in particular, cannot be ruled out and will restrict the efficiency and reliability of the internal control and risk management systems, so that even Group-wide application of the systems cannot guarantee with absolute certainty the accurate, complete and timely recording of facts in the Group's accounts. Any statements made relate exclusively to TUI AG and to subsidiaries according to IFRS 10 included in TUI AG's consolidated financial statements. Overall assessment by the Executive Board and report on expected developments Actual business performance 2017 compared with our forecast In the third financial year following the merger, TUI Group's perÂÂformÂance again exceeded our original forecast, despite a challenging Âgeopolitical framework. TUI Group's underlying EBITA rose by 10.2 % to EUR 1,102.1 m in financial year 2017. On a constant currency basis for the reporting period and the prior year reference period, this equates to an improvement of 12.0 %. In financial year 2017 we have thus met our guidance, which envisaged an increase in our operating result of at least 10 % on a constant currency basis (financial year 2016). Due to our sound operating performance and lower net one-off adjustments, the Group also delivered growth in its EBITA from continuing operations, which climbed 14.3 % to EUR 1,026.5 m. Turnover by TUI Group likewise outperformed expectations, up 11.7 % on the previous year on a constant currency basis. The Group's net cash capex and financial investments (excluding down payment on aircraft orders) fell slightly below the target of EUR 1 bn euros at EUR 0.9 bn. The net cash of EUR 0.6 bn reported as at year-end 2017 surpassed our last guidance, taking account of the cash inflows from the sale of Travelopia and the remaining stake in Hapag-Lloyd AG. This was primarily due to a positive development in working capital in Q4 of the period under review, which typically delivers strong turnover. Expected changes in the economic framework
Source: International Monetary Fund (IMF), World Economic Outlook, October 2017 Macroeconomic situation In the course of calendar year 2017, the growth trend of the global economy continued to consolidate and is expected to remain strong for the foreseeable future. The International Monetary Fund (IMF, World Economic Outlook, October 2017) expects gross domestic product to grow by 3.6 % in 2017. For 2018, the IMF expects the global economy to grow by 3.7 %. For the first time in a long while, the economy is gaining momentum across almost all major economies but will gradually slow down in the course of the next two years. Market trend in tourism UNWTO expects international tourism to continue growing globally in this decade. For the next few years, average weighted growth of around 3 % per annum has been forecast (source: UNWTO, Tourism Highlights, 2017 edition). In the first six months of 2017, international arrivals grew by 6.4 %. UNWTO expects growth of 3 % to 4 % for the full calendar year 2017 (source: UNWTO, World Tourism Barometer, August 2017). Effects on TUI Group As the world's leading tourism group, TUI Group depends on the development of consumer demand in the large source markets in which we operate with our sales and marketing activities and hotel and cruises brands. Our budget is based on the assumptions used as a basis by the IMFto predict the future development of the global economy. Apart from the development of consumer sentiment, political stability in the destinations is a further crucial factor affecting demand for holiday products. In our view, our business model is sufficiently flexible to compensate for the currently identifiable challenges. The expected turnover growth assumed for our Source Markets in our budget for financial year 2018 is in line with UNWTO's long-term forecast. Our strategic focus is to create unified branding for our Sales & Marketing activities, broaden our portfolio of Group hotels and expand our cruise business. Expected development of Group turnover and earnings TUI Group The translation of the income statements of foreign subsidiaries in our consolidated financial statements is based on average monthly exchange rates. TUI Group generates a considerable proportion of consolidated turnover and large earnings and cash flow contributions in non-euro currencies, in particular £, $ and SEK. Taking account of the seasonality in tourism, the development of these currencies against the euro in the course of the year therefore strongly impacts the financial indicators carried in TUI Group's consolidated financial statements. The comments on the expected development of our Group in financial year 2018 provided below are based on the assumption of constant currencies for the completed financial year 2017.
* Variance year-on-year assuming constant foreign exchange rates are applied to the result in the current and prior period and based on the current group structure; guidance relates to continuing operations Turnover We expect turnover to grow by around 3 % in financial year 2018 at constant currency, excluding cost inflation relating to currency movements. Further growth may result from passing on higher input costs to our customers. Underlying EBITA TUI Group's underlying EBITA in financial year 2018 is expected to grow by at least 10 % at constant currency as we deliver our growth roadmap. Risks relate to the development of customer numbers against various social and political effects, which impact our customers' booking behaviour as well as demand for Group hotels and cruise ships. See Business Model and strategy section from page 20 Adjustments For financial year 2018, we expect purchase price allocations and net one-off costs of around EUR 80 m, to be carried as adjustments. ROIC and Economic Value Added Due to the enhanced operating result, we expect ROIC to improve slightly in financial year 2018; depending on the development of TUI Group's capital costs, this is also expected to result in an increase in economic value added. Development in the segments in The expected development outlined below is based on current trading, our growth roadmap and the relative performance of our segments during financial year 2017. Future development depends on demand in our source markets and customer segments, input cost curves, as well as the potential impact of exogenous events beyond our control such as terrorism. Whilst these may influence the mix of segmental results compared with the outlook below, in our view, our balanced portfolio of markets and destinations still leave us well placed to deliver underlying EBITAgrowth of at least 10 % for TUI Group as a whole (at constant currency rates and based on the current Group structure). Hotels & Resorts Based on our expectations for the development of our hotel portfolio (including new hotels opening in the coming financial year and the annualisation of profits from hotels which opened in financial year 2017) as well as the continued overall strong performance of our existing hotel portfolio, we expect underlying EBITA growth of more than 10 % in financial year 2018. Cruises Based on the two planned cruise launches financial year 2018 (for TUI Cruises and Marella Cruises) and continued overall strong performÂance of the existing fleet, we expect underlying EBITA growth of more than 10 % in financial year 2018. Source Markets We have strong market leading positions in our Source Markets, and expect a good portfolio result in financial year 2018 as a result of the combination of further top line (market driven) growth and operational efficiency. Based on these factors and current trading, we therefore expect the Source Markets to deliver a performance broadly in line with Group underlying EBITA guidance. Expected development of financial position
Net capex and investments In the light of investment decisions already taken and projects in the pipeline, we expect TUI Group's net funding requirements to be around EUR 1.2 bn for financial year 2018. This includes expected down payments on aircraft orders and proceeds from the sale of fixed assets. Capex mainly relates to the launch of new production and booking systems for our Sales & Marketing, maintenance and expansion of our hotel portfolio and the acquisition of a cruise ship. Net financial position At the balance sheet date, the Group's net cash amounted to EUR 583.0 m. Due to the planned increase in net investments, we expect TUI Group's net debt to be slightly negative at financial year-end 2018. Sustainable development Climate protection and emissions Greenhouse gas emissions and the impact of these emissions on climate change pose one of the major global challenges for the tourism sector. The goals we set ourselves in our sustainability strategy 'Better Holidays, Better World', launched in September 2015, include operating Europe's most carbon-efficient airline by 2020 and defending this top position. Specific carbon emissions (g CO2 / PKM) are to be reduced by 10 % by 2020. We also aim to reduce the carbon intensity of our global operÂations by 10 % by 2020 (against the baseline of 2014). Overall Executive Board assessment of At the date of preparation of the Management Report (11 December 2017), we uphold our positive assessment of TUI Group's economic situation and outlook for financial year 2018. With its finance profile, strong brand and services portfolio, TUI Group is well positioned in the market. In the first few weeks of the new financial year 2018, the overall business performance has matched expectations. As against the prior year reference period, we expect TUI Group's underlying operating result to grow by at least 10 % year-on-year on a constant currency basis, driven by improved operating performance in the segments. In the light of our growth roadmap, we have updated our medium-term guidance, aiming to deliver at least 10 % underlying EBITA CAGR in the next three financial years to 2020. Our long-term target for TUI Group's gross capex remains at 3 to 3.5 % of consolidated turnover. Outlook for TUI AG The future business performance of TUI AG is essentially subject to the same factors as those impacting TUI Group. Due to the business ties between TUI AG and its Group companies, the outlook, opportunities and risks presented for TUI Group largely reflect the expectations regarding TUI AG. The comments made for TUI Group therefore also apply to TUI AG. Opportunity Report TUI Group's opportunity management follows the Group strategy for core business Tourism. Responsibility for systematically identifying and taking up opportunities rests with the operational management of the source markets and the TUI Hotels & Resorts and Cruises segments. Market scenarios and critical success factors for the individual sectors are analysed and assessed in the framework of the Group-wide planning and control process. The core task of the Group's Executive Board is to secure profitable growth for TUI Group by optimising the shareholding portfolio and developing the Group structure over the long term. Overall, TUI Group is well positioned to benefit from opportunities resulting from the main trends in its markets. Opportunities from the development of the overall framework Should the economy perform better than expected, TUI Group and its segments would benefit from the resulting increase in demand in the travel market. Moreover, changes in the competitive environment could create opportunities for TUI Group in individual markets. Corporate strategy We see opportunities for further organic growth in particular by expanding our hotel portfolio and cruise business. As market leader, we also intend to benefit in the long term from demographic change and the resulting expected increase in demand for high-quality travel at an attractÂiveprice / performance ratio. Operational opportunities We intend to improve our competitive position further by offering unique product and further expanding controlled distribution in the source markets, in particular online distribution. Business review Why we do it - macroeconomic industry and market framework Macroeconomic development
Source: International Monetary Fund (IMF), World Economic Outlook, October 2017 In calendar year 2017, the global upswing in economic activity gathered strength. In its outlook (IMF, World Economic Outlook, October 2017), the International Monetary Fund projects global growth to rise to 3.6 % in 2017. In advanced economies, the growth pick-up was broad-based, with indicators suggesting a persistently positive baseline outlook. In the Eurozone, the recovery gained momentum: higher employment, growing order books and the positive business sentiment suggest that the momentum will remain intact. Key exchange rates and commodity prices TUI Group companies operate on a worldwide scale. This presents financial risks for TUI Group, arising from changes in exchange rates and commodity prices. The essential financial transaction risks from operations relate to euros and US dollars. They mainly result from foreign exchange items in the individual Group companies, for instance aircraft fuel and bunker oil invoices, ship handling costs or products and services sourced by hotels. The parity of sterling against the euro is of relevance for the translation of results generated in the UK market in TUI's consolidated financial statements. Following the UK vote for Brexit, the currency fluctuations continued. They impacted the translation of results from our UK business. The average exchange rate of sterling against the euro fell considerably in the course of the financial year under review but returned to 0.88 £ / EUR, i.e. roughly the level recorded at the beginning of the year, as at 30 September 2017. In financial year 2017, the average exchange rate of the US dollar against the euro declined by around 5.4 % from 1.12 $ / EUR to 1.18 $ / EUR. Changes in commodity prices above all affect TUI Group when procuring fuels such as aircraft fuel and bunker oil. The price of Brent oil stood at $ 57.54 per barrel as at 30 September 2017, up by around 13.1 % year-on-year. In tourism, most risks relating to changes in exchange rates and price risks from fuel sourcing are hedged by derivatives. Information on hedging strategies and risk management as well as financial transactions and the scope of such transactions at the balance sheet date is provided in the sections Financial Position and Risk Report in the Management Report and the section Financial Instruments in the Notes to the consolidated financial statements. Financial Position see from page 66, Risk Report see from page 30, Financial Instruments see Notes page 209 Market environment and competition in Tourism Since the merger between TUI AG and TUI Travel PLC in December 2014, TUI Group has been the world's leading tourism group. The development of the international leisure tourism market impacts all businesses in TUI Group. Tourism remains stable growth sector According to the United Nations World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), tourism comprises the activities of persons travelling to and staying in places outside their usual environment for not more than one consecutive year for leisure, business and other purposes. The key tourism indicators to measure market size are the number of international tourist arrivals, and international tourism receipts. With international tourism receipts amounting to $ 1,220 bn and international arrivals amounting to 1.24 bn in 2016, the tourism industry remains one of the most important sectors in the global economy, outpacing the growth of world trade in the past five years. Over the past six decades, tourism has experienced continued expansion and diversification to become one of the largest and fastest-Âgrowing economic sectors in the world. International tourist arrivals worldwide are expected to increase by around 3 % a year between 2010 and 2030, reaching 1.8 bn per annum by 2030 (UNWTO Tourism Highlights 2017 Edition).
Source: UNWTO World Tourism Barometer, August 2017 In the first half of calendar year 2017, the growth trend continued, with international tourist arrivals growing by 6.4 % during that period. This was the strongest H1 increase in seven years. Travel for holidays, recreation and other forms of leisure accounted for just over half of all international tourist arrivals (UNWTO, Tourism Highlights, 2017 Edition). At plus 6.3 %, TUI Group customer numbers matched this growth trend in financial year 2017, with all source markets reporting growth. Business performance in the source markets see page 61 Europe remained the largest and most mature tourism market in the world, accounting for 49.9 % of international tourist arrivals and 36.7 % of tourism receipts in 2016. Five European countries (France, Spain, Italy, the United Kingdom and Germany) figured in the top ten interÂnational tourism destinations in 2016. Three of our main source markets - Germany, UK and France - were in the top five of all source markets worldwide measured by international tourism spending.  Germany continues to be the third largest source market in the world with international tourism expenditure of approximately $ 79.8 bn in 2016, after China ($ 261.1 bn) and the US ($ 123.6 bn). In terms of expenditure per capita, Germany ranks fourth globally, with approximately $ 946 spent by the average German tourist in 2016 (Source: UNWTO, Tourism Highlights, 2017 Edition). Key operators in the German tourism market are TUI Deutschland, Thomas Cook, DER Touristik, FTI and Aida Cruises (FVW, Dossier, Deutsche Veranstalter, December 2016). The United Kingdom is the fourth largest source market in the world, with approximately $ 63.6 bn spent on tourism activities in 2016 and on average $ 970 spent per capita over the same period (source: UNWTO, Tourism Highlights, 2017 Edition). The British tourism market is characterised by a high degree of concentration around two key operators: TUI Group and Thomas Cook. France was the fifth largest source market in 2016, with international tourism expenditure of approximately $ 40.5 bn (source: UNWTO, Tourism Highlights, 2017 Edition). Thanks to the recent buying of Transat France, TUI is now the leader on the French tourism market with its main tour operator brands: Club Marmara and Club Lookea on the French Club market, and Circuits Nouvelles Frontieres and Vacances Transat on the packaged tours market. This buying is to enable TUI France to achieve robust profitability. The French tourism market has been highly fragmented in the past but has undergone a slow consolidation in recent months. TUI France will continue to expand its market position and market shares, while growing TUI brand awareness among French people. In 2016, France remained the world's top destination with 82.6 million arrivals, despite a decline in international tourist arrivals of 2.2 %. Hotel market Global hotel value sales reached EUR 470 bn at fixed exchange rate in 2016. Over the period 2016 - 2022, hotel value sales are expected to register a CAGR of 2.8 % at constant 2017 prices, according to Euromonitor International Travel 2018 edition. The hotel market is divided between business and leisure travel. A number of characteristics differentiate leisure travel hotels from business hotels, including longer average lengths of stay for guests in leisure hotels. Locations, amenities and service requirements also differ. From a demand perspective, the leisure hotel market in Europe is divided into several smaller submarkets which cater to the individual needs and demands of tourists. These submarkets include premium, comfort, budget, family / apartment, and club or resort-style hotels. Hotel companies may offer a variety of hotels for different submarkets, often defined by price range, star ratings, exclusivity, or available facilities. Hotel operations can generally be divided into the following models: asset owners whose primary business is to own real estate assets; brand owners and operators who typically manage hotel assets themselves or enter into franchising arrangements with independent operators who, in turn, manage the hotel property assets; and independent operators combining the roles of asset owners, brand owners and operators by managing diverse assets under different brands, often through franchise agreements. The upper end of the leisure hotel market is characterised by a high degree of sophistication and specialisation, with the assets managed by large international companies and investors. There are also many small, often family-run businesses, particularly in Europe, not quite so upscale and with fewer financial resources. Most family-owned and operated businesses are not branded. Given the variety of models for owning and operating leisure hotels and the fragmented competition landscape which, at least in Europe, is not dominated by large hotel chains, conditions differ greatly between locations. Cruise market The global cruise industry generated an estimated revenue of around $ 39.6 bn in 2016 (Cruise Market Watch website, www.cruisemarketwatch.com/market-share, September 2016). Overall, an estimated 24.7 million guests undertook an ocean cruise worldwide in calendar year 2016. For 2017, their number is expected to total 25.8 million (CLIA, Year in Review 2016, CLIA, Cruises Industry Outlook 2017). The North American market is by far the largest and most mature cruise market in the world, with a strong penetration rate of 3.6 % of the total population taking a cruise in 2016 (Cruise Industry Source Market Report, CLIA 2016). The European cruise markets recorded approximately 6.7 million European passengers in 2016, with penetration rates varying significantly from country to country, but considerably lower overall (Mintel, Cruises - International, June 2016; CLIA Statistics & Markets, March 2017). In 2015, the global cruise market grew by around 2.4 %. Germany, the United Kingdom & Ireland and France are among the five largest cruise markets in Europe (CLIA Statistics & Markets, March 2017). Germany is Europe's largest cruise market, with 2.0 million passengers in 2016. Germany has thus witnessed average passenger growth of 8.3 % over the period from 2011 to 2015. At 2.5 % in 2016, its penetration rate was lower than in the United Kingdom & Ireland. The United Kingdom & Ireland is the second largest cruise market in Europe, with approximately 1.9 million cruise passengers in 2016. The market thus grew by 2.1 % on average over the period from 2011 to 2015. It shows the strongest penetration rate in Europe: in 2016, 3.0 % of the total British population took a cruise. (Mintel, Cruises - International, June 2016; Cruise Industry Source Market Report, CLIA 2016). The European cruise market is divided into submarkets that cater to a variety of customers: budget, discovery / expedition, premium and luxury. Cruise operators utilise different cruise formats to target these submarkets and the specific demands of their customers. In addition to traditional formats, operators offer club ship cruises and also more contemporary-style cruises in the premium submarket. As a cruise ship is often perceived as a destination in itself, cruise companies, especially in the luxury and premium cruise submarkets, compete with other destinations such as leading hotels and resorts. Brand Strong TUI brand Our brand with the 'smile' - the smiling logo formed by the three letters of our brand name TUI - stands for a consistent customer experience, digital presence and competitive strength. In 2017, TUI and the previous local power brand Thomson in the UK were among the best-known travel brands in core European countries with a brand awareness rate of almost 90 %. The red 'TUI smile' is a clear recognition feature and plays in the Champions League of international brands in almost all markets. We are aiming to create one global branding and a consistent brand experience in order to further leverage the appeal and strength of our core brands and tap the associated growth potential. To achieve that goal, our core brand TUI is being rolled out in our European source markets to replace the big local tour operator brands. Following the successful rollout of the TUI brand in the Netherlands in 2016, the local brands in Belgium and the Nordics were replaced by the TUI brand in 2017, where TUI has also rapidly become one of the strongest travel brands in terms of brand awareness and preference. In financial year 2017, the TUI brand was also rolled out in France. Brand migration in the UK followed in October 2017. In Germany, travel products have been offered under the TUI brand for more than 45 years. In a survey carried out in 2017, TUI was again rated as Germany's most trusted travel brand (Source: Reader's Digest Trusted Brands 2017). Changes in the legal framework In financial year 2017, there were no changes in the legal framework with material impacts on TUI Group's business performance. Group earnings Comments on the consolidated income statement Financial year 2017 brought a markedly positive development in the TUI Group's earnings position. The operating result (underlying EBITA) of TUI Group's continuing operations improved by 10.2 % to EUR 1,102.1 m in the period under review, or by 12.0 % year-on-year on a constant currency basis. This growth was driven in particular by the continued good performance in the segments Hotels & Resorts and Cruises.
Turnover and cost of sales
In financial year 2017, turnover of TUI Group climbed by 8.1 % to EUR 18.5 bn. On a constant currency basis, turnover grew by 11.7 % on a year-on-year increase in customer numbers of 6.3 % in the source markets. Turnover is presented alongside the cost of sales, which was up 8.4 % in the period under review. Gross profit Gross profit, i.e. the difference between turnover and the cost of sales, increased by 4.9 % to around EUR 2.0 bn in financial year 2017. Administrative expenses Administrative expenses rose by EUR 38.9 m year-on-year to EUR 1,255.8 m. Financial result The financial result improved by EUR 360.5 m to EUR 73.1 m. The increase was essentially due to the profit generated in the financial year under review from the disposal of the remaining stake in Hapag-Lloyd AG. Share of results of joint ventures and associates The result from joint ventures and associates comprises the proportionate net profit for the year of the companies measured at equity and where appropriate impairments of goodwill for these companies. In the period under review, the at equity result totalled EUR 252.3 m. The significant increase of EUR 65.1 m partly resulted from the improvement in the Result from continuing operations The result from continuing operations improved by EUR 446.0 m to EUR 910.9 m in financial year 2017. Result from discontinued operation The result from discontinued operation shows the after-tax result of Travelopia, classified as a discontinued operation, until it was sold. In the prior year, this item also included in particular the gain on disposal from the sale of Hotelbeds Group. Group profit Group profit decreased by EUR 390.8 m year-on-year to EUR 761.4 m in financial year 2017. Share in Group profit attributable to TUI AG Âshareholders The share in Group profit attributable to the TUI AG shareholders declined from EUR 1,037.4 m in the prior year to EUR 644.8 m in financial year 2017. On a sound operating performance, the decline is attributable to the gain on disposal from the sale of Hotelbeds Group included in the prior year's result. Non-controlling interests Non-controlling interests in Group profit for the year totalled EUR 116.6 m. They mainly related to RIUSA II Group. Earnings per share The interest in Group profit for the year attributable to TUI AG shareholders after deduction of non-controlling interests totalled EUR 644.8 m (previous year EUR 1,037.4 m) in 2017. Basic earnings per share therefore amounted to EUR 1.10 (previous year EUR 1.78) in financial year 2017. EBITA, underlying EBITA und underlying earnings per share Key indicators used to manage the TUI Group are EBITA and underlying EBITA. We consider EBITA to be the most suitable performance indicator for explaining the development of the TUI Group's operating performance. Our definition of EBITA is earnings before net interest result, income tax and impairment of goodwill excluding the result from the measurement of interest hedges.
Reported earnings (EBITA) of TUI Group rose by EUR 128.4 m to EUR 1,026.5 m due to a strong operating performance in financial year 2017.
In order to explain and evaluate the operating performance of the segments, earnings adjusted for special one-off effects (underlying EBITA) are presented below. Underlying EBITA has been adjusted for gains on disposal of financial investments, restructuring expenses according to IAS 37, all effects from purchase price allocations, ancillary acquisition costs and conditional purchase price payments and other expenses for and income from one-off items. One-off items carried here include adjustments for income and expense items that reflect amounts and frequencies of occurrence rendering an evaluation of the operating profitability of the segments and the Group more difficult or causing distortions. These items include in particular major restructuring and integration expenses not meeting the criteria of IAS 37, material expenses for litigation, gains and losses from the sale of aircraft and other material business transactions with a one-off character. TUI Group's underlying EBITA rose by EUR 101.6 m to EUR 1,102.1 m in financial year 2017.
In financial year 2017, adjustments worth EUR 25.8 m were carried for income, compared with adjustments on underlying expenses amounting to EUR 72.2 m, without taking account of the expenses for purchase price allocations. They mainly related to the following items and circumstances: Gains on disposal In financial year 2017, gains on disposal worth EUR 2.2 m had to be adjusted for. They related in particular to disposals of subsidiaries. Restructuring costs In financial year 2017, restructuring costs of EUR 23.1 m had to be adjusted for. They included an amount of around EUR 24 m for the merger of TUI's French tour operators following the acquisition of Transat. Adjustments also included expenses worth around EUR 4 m for the merger of the Nordic and UK airlines. Income resulted from the release of a restructuring provision no longer required in Central Region. Expenses for purchase price allocations In financial year 2017, expenses for purchase price allocations worth EUR 29.2 m were adjusted for; they related in particular to scheduled amortÂisation of intangible assets from acquisitions made in previous years. One-off items Net expenses for one-off items of EUR 25.5 m included in particular an amount of EUR 18 m relating to IT projects in Northern Region and around EUR 8 m for the merger of the Nordic and UK airlines. Further expenses of EUR 17 m related to reorganisation schemes in the regions and destination agencies. An opposite effect resulted from the adjustment of EUR 13 m for the release of a provision at Corsair no longer required in the financial year under review. Pro forma underlying earnings per share The table below presents TUI Group's pro forma earnings per share to provide a basis for comparison. The calculation is based on the issued share capital at the balance sheet date. It therefore adjusts for the impact of conversions of stock option plans during the year.
Segmental performance Current and future trading in Tourism In Tourism, travel products are booked on a seasonal basis with different lead times. The release of bookings for individual seasons takes place at different points in time, depending on the design of the booking and reÂserÂvation systems in each source market. Moreover, load factor management ensures that the tour operator capacity available for bookings is seasonally adjusted to actual and expected demand. At the end of financial year 2017, current trading by source market for Winter 2017 / 18 compared as follows with the previous year:
* These statistics are up to 3 December 2017, shown on a constant currency basis and relate to all customers whether risk or non-risk For the 2018 Summer season, as usual for this point in the booking cycle, only the UK is more than 20 % booked. UK booked revenue (excluding Marella Cruises) is up 2 % and average selling prices up 4 % (November 2017). Trading by the Hotels & Resorts segment largely mirrors customer volumes in the source markets, as a high proportion of the Group-owned hotel beds are taken up by TUI tour operators. In the Cruises segment, advance bookings were up year-on-year at the balance sheet date with sound demand levels, primarily due to continued fleet expansion and modernisation by TUI Cruises and Marella Cruises in the period under review. Disclosures on current trading are regularly published on TUI's website in the framework of TUI Group's quarterly reporting. See www.tuigroup.com/en-en/investors Hotels & Resorts
Turnover includes fully consolidated companies, all other KPI's incl. companies measured at equity 1 Group owned or leased hotel beds multiplied by opening days per year 2 Occupied beds divided by capacity 3 Arrangement revenue divided by occupied beds 4 Previous year's KPIs restated Hotels & Resorts delivered a significant increase in underlying EBITA this year, driven by new hotel openings and a strong underlying trading performance, with an increase in occupancy rate to 79 % and 6 % increase in average revenue per bed. Financial year 2017 also marks the fourth consecutive year of increasing ROIC for Hotels & Resorts, to 13.2 % (versus WACC 8.5 %). This demonstrates the attractiveness of our portfolio of hotel and club brands, the strength of our distribution capabilities, and our disciplined approach to investment.
Cruise
1 No turnover is carried for TUI Cruises as the joint venture is consolidated at equity 2 Per day and passenger 3 Inclusive of transfers, flights and hotels due to the integrated nature of Marella Cruises, in £. 4 Thomson Cruises until October 2017
Source Markets
1 NPS is measured in customer satisfaction questionnaires completed post-holiday. It is based on the question 'On a scale of 0 to 10 where 10 is extremely likely and 0 is not at all likely, how likely is it that you would recommend the brand to a friend, colleague or relative?' and is calculated by taking the percentage of promoters (9s and 10s) less the percentage of detractors (0s through 6s) 2 Customer satisfaction for holiday overall is measured in customer satisfaction questionnaires completed post-holiday, based on a customer rating on a scale of 0 to 10. 3 Share of sales via own channels (retails and online) 4 Share of online sales Source Markets delivered a strong portfolio performance, thanks to their geographic diversity, market leading positions, popular range of holiday products and focus on efficiency. Having completed the TUI rebrand in all major markets, we have grown customer volumes and delivered higher levels of direct and online distribution, and will be able to market the brand more efficiently in the future. We also continue to leverage our market leading distribution capability to both maximise occupancy in TUI Group hotels and support strong relationships with third party hoteliers.
1 Share of sales via own channels (retails and online) 2 Share of online sales Northern Region comprises TUI's sales and marketing subsidiaries in UK and Nordics and joint ventures in Canada and Russia. Overall, Northern Region delivered strong growth in turnover and customer volumes this year with continued high levels of direct and online distribution, despite a significant impact at the end of the financial year from repatriation and cancellation costs associated with the hurricanes in Florida and the Caribbean.
1 Share of sales via own channels (retails and online) 2 Share of online sales Central Region comprises TUI's sales and marketing operations in Germany and Austria (operated as one market), Switzerland and ÂPoland. Turnover for the segment increased by 9 % in financial year 2017, driven by higher volumes in all markets, and with an increase in direct and online distribution.
1 Share of sales via own channels (retails and online) 2 Share of online sales Western Region comprises TUI's sales and marketing operations in Benelux and France. Turnover for the segment increased by 22.0 % in financial year 2017, driven by the acquisition of Transat's French tour operating business at the start of the financial year, as well as higher volumes in Benelux. Direct and online distribution also increased, in part aided by the TUI rebrand in all markets.
Other Tourism
Other Tourism includes the turnover and profits of our Destination Services business (which looks after TUI customers in resort), result for the French scheduled airline Corsair, as well as the costs of central functions supporting the Tourism businesses.
All Other Segments
Net assets
The Group's balance sheet total decreased by 1.9 % as against 30 September 2016 to EUR 14.2 bn. Vertical structural indicators Non-current assets accounted for 69.6 % of total assets, compared with 63.2 % in the previous year. The capitalisation ratio (ratio of fixed assets to total assets) increased from 57.7 % to 63.9 %. Current assets accounted for 30.4 % of total assets, compared with 36.8 % in the previous year. The Group's cash and cash equivalents increased by EUR 443.2 m year-on-year to EUR 2,516.1 m. They thus accounted for 17.7 % of total assets, as against 14.3 % in the previous year. Horizontal structural indicators At the balance sheet date, the ratio of equity to non-current assets was 35.8 %, as against 35.6 % in the previous year. The ratio of equity to fixed assets was 39.0 % (previous year 38.9 %). The ratio of equity plus non-current financial liabilities to fixed assets was 58.4 %, compared with 56.9 % in the previous year.
Development of the Group's non-current assets Goodwill Goodwill rose by EUR 36.0 m to EUR 2,889.5 m. The increase in the carrying amount is essentially due to the acquisition of Transat's French tour operating business. An opposite effect was driven by the translation of goodwill not managed in the TUI Group's functional currency into euros. In the period under review, no adjustments were required as a result of impairment tests. Property, plant and equipment Property, plant and equipment increased to EUR 4,253.7 m in the period under review, primarily driven by the acquisition of the cruise ship Marella Discovery 2, investments in hotel facilities, down payments on aircraft orders and the delivery of two aircraft. Property, plant and equipment also comprised leased assets in which Group companies held economic ownership. At the balance sheet date, these finance leases had a carrying amount of EUR 1,158.1 m, down 5.8 % year-on-year.
Companies measured at equity Thirteen associated companies and 28 joint ventures were measured at equity. At EUR 1,306.2 m, their value increased by 10.6 % year-on-year as at the balance sheet date.
* Incl. receivables from derivative financial instruments Development of the Group's current assets Financial assets available for sale As at 30 September 2016, the financial assets available for sale comprised the remaining interests in Hapag-Lloyd AG. In the financial year under review, TUI AG sold its stake in Hapag-Lloyd AG at a purchase price less costs of disposal of EUR 406.4 m. The resulting profit of EUR 172.4 m is carried under Financial income. Current receivables Current receivables comprise trade accounts receivable and other receivables, current income tax assets and claims from derivative financial instruments. At EUR 1,682.0 m, current receivables decreased by 24.2 % year-on-year. Cash and cash equivalents At EUR 2,516.1 m, cash and cash equivalents increased by 21.4 % year-on-year. Assets held for sale Assets held for sale decreased by EUR 920.2 m to EUR 9.6 m. The decline is primarily attributable to the disposal of Travelopia. Unrecognised assets In the course of their business operations, Group companies used assets of which they were not the economic owner according to the IASB rules. Most of these assets were aircraft, hotel complexes or ships for which operating leases, i. e. rental, lease or charter agreements, were concluded under the terms and conditions customary in the sector.
Further explanations as well as the structure of the remaining terms of the financial liabilities from operating rental, lease and charter agreements are provided in the section Other financial liabilities in the Notes to the consolidated financial statements. Information on other intangible, non-recognised assets in terms of brands, customer and supplier relationships and organisational and process benefits is provided in the section on TUI Group Corporate Profile; relationships with investors and capital markets are outlined in the section TUI Share. TUI Group Corporate Profile see page 20; TUI Share from page 91 Financial position of the Group Principles and goals of financial management Principles TUI Group's financial management is centrally operated by TUI AG, which acts as the Group's internal bank. Financial management covers all Group companies in which TUI AG directly or indirectly holds an interest of more than 50 %. It is based on policies covering all cash flow-oriented aspects of the Group's business activities. In the framework of a cross-Ânational division of tasks within the organisation, TUI AG has outsourced some of its financial activities to First Choice Holidays Finance Ltd, a British Group company. However, these financial activities are carried out on a coordinated and centralised basis. Goals TUI's financial management goals include ensuring sufficient liquidity for TUI AG and its subsidiaries and limiting financial risks from fluctuations in currencies, commodity prices and interest rates. Liquidity safeguards The Group's liquidity safeguards consist of two components:
Limiting financial risks The Group companies operate on a worldwide scale. This gives rise to financial risks for the TUI Group, mainly from changes in exchange rates, commodity prices and interest rates. The key operating financial transaction risks relate to the euro, US dollar and pound sterling and changing fuel prices. They mainly result from cost items in foreign currencies held by individual Group companies, e. g. hotel sourcing, aircraft fuel and bunker oil invoices or ship handling costs. The Group has entered into derivative hedges in various foreign currencies in order to limit its exposure to risks from changes in exchange rates for the hedged items. Changes in commodity prices affect the TUI Group, in particular in procuring fuels such as aircraft fuel and bunker oil. These price risks related to fuel procurement are largely hedged with the aid of derivative instruments. Where price increases can be passed on to customers due to contractual agreements, this is also reflected in our hedging behaviour. In order to control risks related to changes in interest rates arising on liquidity procurement in the international money and capital markets and investments of liquid funds, the Group uses derivative interest hedges on a case-by-case basis as part of its interest management system. The use of derivative hedges is based on underlying transactions; the derivatives are not used for speculation purposes. More detailed information on hedging strategies and risk management as well as financial transactions and the scope of such transactions at the balance sheet date is provided in the Risk Report and the section Financial instruments in the Notes to the consolidated financial statements. See from page 30 and from page 209 Capital structure
* Percentage points Overall, non-current capital decreased by 5.7 % to EUR 7,650.8 m. As a proportion of the balance sheet total, it amounted to 53.9 % (previous year 50.1 %). The equity ratio was 24.9 % (previous year 22.5 %). Equity and non-Âcurrent financial liabilities accounted for 37.3 % (previous year 32.9 %) of the balance sheet total at the reporting date. The gearing, i.e. the ratio of average net debt to average equity, moved to 17.2 %, down from the previous year (41.9 %). Equity
Subscribed capital and the capital reserves rose slightly year-on-year. The increase of 0.1 % each was driven by the issue of employee shares. Revenue reserves rose by EUR 260.9 m to EUR - 2,756.9 m. Non-controlling interests accounted for EUR 594.0 m of equity. Provisions Provisions mainly comprise provisions for pension obligations and provisions for typical operating risks classified as current or non-current, depending on expected occurrence. At the balance sheet date, they accounted for a total of EUR 2,278.7 m, up by EUR 350.0 m or 13.3 % year-on-year. Financial liabilities
Structural changes in financial liabilities The Group's financial liabilities decreased by a total of EUR 108.0 m to EUR 1,933.1 m. There were no significant changes in the structure of liabilities. Overview of TUI's listed bonds The tables below list the maturities, nominal volumes and annual interest coupons of listed bonds. On 26 October 2016, TUI AG issued bonds with a nominal value of EUR 300.0 m with a 5-year period to maturity. On 18 November 2016, the proceeds from this bond issuance were used to repay the five-year bond issued in September 2014 with a nominal value of EUR 300.0 m.
Bank loans and other liabilities from finance leases Apart from the bonds worth EUR 300.0 m, used for general corporate finanÂcing, the Hotels & Resorts and Cruises segments, in particular, took out separate bank loans, primarily in order to finance investments by these companies. Most liabilities from finance lease contracts are attributable to aircraft as well as one cruise ship. More detailed information, in particular on the remaining terms, is provided under Financial liabilities in the Notes to the consolidated financial statements. See section on Financial liabilities in the Notes, page 202 Other financial liabilities Other liabilities totalled EUR 6,440.0 m, up by EUR 372.4 m or 6.1 % year-on-year. Off-balance sheet financial instruments and key credit facilities Operating Leases The development of operating rental, leasing and charter contracts is presented in the section Net assets in the Management Report. See page 65 More detailed explanations and information on the structure of the remaining terms of the associated financial liabilities are provided in the section Other financial liabilities in the Notes to the consolidated financial statements. There were no contingent liabilities related to special-Âpurpose vehicles. Syndicated credit facilities of TUI AG TUI AG signed a syndicated credit facility worth EUR 1.75 bn in September 2014. This syndicated credit facility is available for general corporÂate financing purposes (in particular in the winter months). It carries a floating interest rate which depends on the short-term interest rate level (EURIBOR or LIBOR) and TUI's credit rating plus a margin. The bond was to mature in December 2020, but in the financial year under review, its maturity was extended ahead of the due date to July 2022. At the balance sheet date, an amount of EUR 115.9 m from this credit facility had been taken up in the form of bank guarantees. Bilateral guarantee facilities of TUI AG with Âinsurance companies and banks TUI AG has concluded several bilateral guarantee facilities with various insurance companies with a total volume of £ 92.5 m and EUR 130.0 m. These guarantee facilities are required in the framework of the delivery of tourism services in order to ensure that Group companies are able to meet, in particular, the requirements of European oversight and regulatory authorities on the provision of guarantees and warranties. The guarantees granted usually have a term of 12 to 18 months. They give rise to a commission in the form of a fixed percentage of the maximum guarantee amount. At the balance sheet date, an amount of £ 32.9 m and EUR 50.0 m from these guarantee facilities had been used. TUI AG also concluded bilateral guarantee facilities with a total volume of EUR 45.0 m with banks to provide bank guarantees in the framework of ordinary business operations. Some of the guarantees have a term of several years. The guarantees granted give rise to a commission in the form of a fixed percentage of the maximum guarantee amount. At the balance sheet date, an amount of EUR 15.5 m from these guarantee facilities had been used. Commitments from finance leases The EUR 300.0 m bond from October 2016 and the credit and guarantee facilities of TUI AG contain a number of obligations. TUI AG has a duty to comply with certain financial covenants (as defined in the respective contracts) from its syndicated credit facility worth EUR 1.75 bn and a number of bilateral guarantee lines. These require (a) compliance with an EBITDAR-to-net interest expense ratio measuring TUI Group's relative charge from the interest result and the lease and rental expenses; and (b) compliance with a net debt-to-EBITDA ratio, calculating TUI Group's relative charge from financial liabilities. The EBITDAR-to-net interest expense ratio must have a coverage multiple of at least 1.5; net debt must not exceed 3.0 times EBITDA. The financial covenants are determined every six months. They restrict, inter alia, TUI's scope for encumbering or selling assets, acquiring other companies or shareholdings, or effecting mergers. The bond worth EUR 300.0 m from October 2016 and the credit and guarantee facilities of TUI AG also contain additional contractual clauses typical of financing instruments of this type. Non-compliance with these obligations awards the lenders the right to call in the facilities or terminate the financing schemes for immediate repayment. Ratings by Standard & Poor's und Moody's
In the light of improved metrics and a resilient business profile, Standard & Poor's upgraded the corporate rating from 'BB-' to 'BB' in February 2017. TUI AG's bonds worth EUR 300.0 m from October 2016 are assigned a 'BB' rating by Standard & Poor's and a 'Ba2' rating by Moody's. TUI AG's syndicated credit facility worth EUR 1.75 bn is assigned a 'BB' rating by Standard & Poor's. Financial stability targets TUI considers a stable credit rating to be a prerequisite for the further development of the business. In response to the structural improvements resulting from the merger between TUI AG and TUI Travel and the operating performance observed over the past few years and the strengthening of the business model despite a challenging environment, Standard & Poor's lifted their TUI ratings. We are seeking further improvements in the rating so as to ensure better access to the debt capital markets even in difficult macroeconomic situations, apart from achieving better financing terms and conditions. The financial stability ratios we have defined are leverage ratio and coverage ratio, based on the following basic definitions: Leverage ratio = (gross financial liabilities + discounted value of financial commitments from lease, rental and leasing agreements + pension provisions and similar obligations) / (reported EBITDA + long-term leasing and rental expenses) Coverage ratio = (reported EBITDA + long-term leasing and rental expenses) / (net interest expense + â…“ of long-term leasing and rental expenses) These basic definitions are subject to specific adjustments in order to reflect current circumstances. For the completed financial year, the Âleverage ratio was 2.5(x), while the coverage ratio was 6.1(x). We aim to achieve a leverage ratio 3.00(x) to 2.25(x) and a coverage ratio 5.75(x) to 6.75(x) for financial year 2018. Interest and financing environment In the period under review, short-term interest rates remained at an extremely low level compared with historical rates. In some currency areas, the interest rate was even negative, with corresponding impacts on returns from money market investments but also on reference interest rates for floating-rate debt. Quoted credit margins (CDS levels) for corporates in the sub-investment trade area remained almost flat year-on-year. On overall weak demand for CDS titles, quotations were on a very low level for TUI AG. Refinancing options were available against the backdrop of the receptive capital market environment, and TUI AG took advantage of this in October 2016 by issuing bonds worth EUR 300.0 m. In the period under review, TUI also took advantage of the sound condition of the syndicated credit market in order to extend the maturity of TUI AG's syndicated credit facility worth EUR 1.75 bn to July 2022 ahead of the due date. In addition to the bond issue of EUR 300.0 m refinancings of aircrafts in the completed financial year included one new Boeing B787-9 aircraft by means of finance lease based on a sale-and-lease-back agreement and one used Boeing B737-800 aircraft with a bank loan. Liquidity analysis Liquidity reserve In the completed financial year, the TUI Group's solvency was secured at all times by means of cash inflows from operating activities, liquid funds, and bilateral and syndicated credit agreements with banks. At the balance sheet date, TUI AG, the parent company of TUI Group, held cash and cash equivalents worth EUR 1,039.0 m. Restrictions of the transfer of liquid funds At the balance sheet date, there were restrictions worth around EUR 0.3 bn on the transfer of liquid funds within the Group that might significantly impact the Group's liquidity, such as restrictions on capital movements and restrictions due to credit agreements concluded. Change of control Significant agreements taking effect in the event of a change of control due to a takeover bid are outlined in the chapter on Information required under takeover law. See chapter Information required under takeover law Cash flow statement
The cash flow statement shows the flow of cash and cash equivalents with cash inflows and outflows presented separately for operating, investing and financing activities. The effects of changes in the group of consolidated companies are eliminated. Net cash inflow from operating activities In the financial year under review, the cash inflow from operating activities amounted to EUR 1,583.1 m (previous year EUR 1,034.7 m). The year-on-year increase was mainly driven by the positive operating performance and improvements in the working capital as well as the one-off payment to pension funds in the UK effected in the prior year. Net cash outflow/inflow from investing activities In the financial year under review, the cash outflow from investing activities including the payments received for the sale of Travelopia Group and the remaining shares in Hapag-Lloyd AG totalled EUR 687.7 m (previous year cash inflow of EUR 239.0 m). The cash outflow for capital expenditure related to property, plant and equipment and financial investments amounted to EUR 1,171.6 m. The cash inflow from the sale of the stake in Hapag-Lloyd AG amounted to EUR 406.4 m. The cash outflow for capital expenditure related to property, plant and equipment and intangible assets and the cash inflow for corresponding sales do not match the additions and disposals shown in the development of fixed assets, as these also include the non-cash investments and disposals. Net cash outflow from financing activities In the period under review, the cash outflow from financing activities increased by EUR 71.7 m year-on-year to EUR 733.8 m. In October 2016, TUI AG recorded a cash inflow worth EUR 294.9 m from the issue of bonds. Other TUI Group companies took out financial liabilities worth EUR 34.9 m. In the completed financial year, a cash outflow of EUR 306.8 m was recorded for the redemption of a bond originally maturing on 1 October 2019, cancelled by TUI AG. Further material cash outflows resulted from the redemption of financing lease obligations (EUR 97.8 m) and other financial liabilities (EUR 108.8 m) as well as interest payments (74.8 m) and dividend payments to TUI AG shareholders (368.2 m) and minority shareholders (EUR 88.6 m).
Cash and cash equivalents comprise all liquid funds, i.e. cash in hand, bank balances and cheques. The detailed cash flow statement and additional explanations are provided in the consolidated financial statements and in the section Notes to the cash flow statement in the Notes to the consolidated financial statements. See page 140 and 223 Analysis of investments The development of fixed assets, including property, plant and equipment, intangible assets and shareholdings and other investments is presented in the section on Net assets in the Management Report. Additional explanatory information is provided in the Notes to the consolidated financial statements. Additions to property, plant and equipment The table below lists the cash investments in intangible assets and property, plant and equipment. This indicator does not include financing processes such as the taking out of loans and finance leases.
Investments in other intangible assets and property, plant and equipment totalled EUR 801.2 m in the period under review, up 32.3 % year-on-year. In the period under review, investments mainly related to the acquisition and renovation of Marella Discovery 2, the construction of hotels, in particular in the Caribbean, Mexico and the Mediterranean, the launch and harmonisation of IT platforms and down payments on ordered aircraft. Investments were also effected for renovation and maintenance in all areas. The table below shows a reconciliation of investments to additions to TUI Group's other intangible assets and property, plant and equipment.
Investment obligations Order commitments Due to agreements concluded in financial year 2017 or in prior years, order commitments for investments totalled EUR 4,164.5 m; this total includes an amount of EUR 733.0 m for scheduled deliveries in financial year 2018. At the balance sheet date, order commitments for aircraft comprised 74 planes (four B787s and 70 B737s), to be delivered by the end of financial year 2023. Delivery of seven aircraft (five B737 Max and two B787-9s) has been scheduled for financial year 2018. More detailed information is provided in the section Other financial liabilities in the Notes to the consolidated financial statements. Non-financial Group pursuant to the CSR Directive Implementation Act For TUI Group, economic, environmental and social sustainability is a fundamental management principle and a cornerstone of our strategy for continually enhancing the value of our Company. This is the way we create the conditions for long-term economic success and assume responsibility for sustainable development in the tourism sector. In the following section we report on sustainability issues which support better understanding of our business's operations, context and future development, in line with recent CSR reporting legislation. In compliance with Section 315b, paragraph 1, clause 3 German Commercial Code (HGB) we also refer to relevant aspects of non-financial disclosure found in other parts of the Group management report. In particular, we report on our risk management system and principles risks linked with our business activities, business relations and services in our Risk Report from page 30 on. This non-financial Group statement has been reviewed by the SupervisÂory Board with regard to aspects of legality, regularity and relevance. Our reporting covers the United Nations Global Compact principles and we have also started to review our activities against the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). The goals are a helpful 'big Âpicture' way to view our impact and the contributions we make to a better world. Sustainability reporting methodology document: Business model TUI Group's business model as defined in HGB section 289b is outlined from page 20 in this report. Sustainability strategy and implementation Our 'Better Holidays, Better World' 2015 - 2020 strategy is built around the following core pillars:
* Measured by the number of customers we take to hotels with credible sustainability Âcertification - defined as those recognised or approved by the Global Sustainable Tourism Council (GSTC). Materiality TUI Group carried out a formal materiality assessment as part of developing the Better Holidays, Better World 2015 - 2020 strategy. Using qualitative and quantitative methods, the business invited feedback from a wide range of stakeholders on the issues shown in the matrix below. In addition to detailed interviews with top-tier stakeholders, the process included a shorter feedback mechanism asking participants from five European markets to prioritise from a list of 24 material issues. Managing Sustainability TUI Group has an experienced team of sustainability professionals, working in close collaboration with senior management at Group and at divisional level to help ensure that TUI's business and sustainability strategies are aligned. Our sustainability colleagues' role is to drive uptake of more sustainable business practices across the TUI Group and along its supply chain, and to advise the TUI Care Foundation on destinÂation project proposals and implementation. Sustainability indices TUI AG is represented in the sustainability indexes FTSE4Good, STOXX Global ESG Leaders Index and on the Ethibel Investment Register. In 2017 TUI was included in the RobecoSam Sustainability Yearbook with a 'Gold Class' distinction. TUI AG has been recognised as a Leader by CDP Climate Change for implementing current best practices on climate change issues. The environment Respecting the environment in our products, services and processes is an essential feature of our quality standards. We place priority on climate protection and resource efficiency. Conserving natural resources and mitigating negative environmental impacts is not only of interest to our business but also to the future success of travel and tourism. We face additional environmental challenges at a local level. Fresh water, for example, is likely to become increasingly scarce in the coming years in some destinations - and the waste generated by tourism needs to be managed to ensure it does not create a problem for destinations. As a company with a substantial carbon footprint - a total of 7,556,457 tonnes of carbon dioxide in 2017 - we acknowledge the necessity to transition to a lower carbon economy and we will continue to strive to reduce the carbon intensity of our operations. In the long term, combating climate change will be critical for our industry as a whole. We need to continue to sell quality holiday experiences, which rely on beautiful and biodiverse destinations, thriving communities and stable weather systems. All of these are threatened by climate change.
In financial year 2017, TUI Group's total emissions increased year-on-year in absolute terms, primarly due to growth in its airline and aviation segment. The increase in absolute carbon emissions in Cruises of 18.8 % is mainly driven by launching additional vessels - Mein Schiff 6 (operated by TUI Cruises) and Marella Discovery 2 (operated by Marella Cruises, former Thomson Cruises). Furthermore the vessels Mein Schiff 5 and Marella Discovery were included for the full financial year. Emissions from offices and retail shops declined, due energy efficiencies, restructuring and divestment. Ground transport emissions declined significantly, driven by more efficient energy use and divestment in the specialist businesses.
To expand the scope of TUI's environmental reporting we have included a breakdown of energy usage by business area. Airlines and Aviation represents more than 84 % of the total energy used. Our carbon management programme covers aviation, hotels, cruise, offices, retail shops and ground transport emissions.
Climate protection and resource efficiency We already operate one of Europe's most carbon-efficient airlines and we aim to continuously improve. In the atmosfair Airline Index 2017 TUI Airways (former Thomson Airways) and TUIfly Germany ranked #1 and #2 most efficient charter airlines. TUI Airlines have numerous measures in place to further enhance carbon efficiency. Apart from the continuous renewal of our aircraft fleet, we have implemented the following measures to support our efficiency goals:
TUI's airlines play a pioneering role in introducing environmental management systems based on the internationally recognised ISO 14001 standard. In the period under review, each of our five tour operator airlines and hence 95 % of our aircraft achieved ISO 14001 certification. TUI Aviation Environment & Fuel Team is responsible for an alignment of the fuel and environment practices and activities, integrating them into a single TUI Airlines operating policy, procedures and performance tools. The team drives best practice in fuel and environment management, providing end-to-end delivery of initiatives and projects in order to deliver the TUI Group sustainability objectives.
* rpk=revenue passenger kilometer
* rpk=revenue passenger kilometer We have requested PwC Netherlands to provide assurance on the carbon intensity metrics displayed in the table 'TUI Airlines - Carbon Intensity' above. To read our airline carbon data methodology document and PwC's Assurance report in full, please visit www.tuigroup.com/en-en/sustainability/reporting-downloads Relative carbon emissions across our airlines decreased by 0.1 % in the financial year 2017. As a scheduled longhaul operator Corsair International's payload consists of both passengers and cargo. Cargo transportation results in higher fuel burn and carbon emissions as is reflected in Corsair's carbon intensity performance. To enhance the information content, specific emissions are also shown in the form of CO2 equivalents (CO2e). Apart from carbon dioxide (CO2), they include the other five greenhouse gases impacting the climate as listed in the Kyoto Protocol: methane (CH4), nitrous oxide (N2O), hydro-Âfluorocarbons (HFCs), perfluorocarbons (PFCs) and Sulphur hexafluoride (SF6). Climate protection and resource management In 2017, TUI Cruises launched Mein Schiff 6. The newbuild ships in the fleet save fuel through a combination of the latest technologies. A smart energy management system, efficient air conditioning, innovative lighting controls and the use of waste heat from the engines all contributeto a significantly reduced carbon footprint. TUI Cruises Environment Report: Sulphur emissions from the newbuilds in the fleet are also up to 99 % lower thanks to new systems that treat exhaust fumes before releasing them. Moreover, the average sulphur content of fuel was considerably reduced year-on-year. In the period under review, it stood at 1.25 %. The ships are fitted with advanced emission purification systems, which operate around the clock worldwide - not only in the designated special emission control areas of the North and Baltic Seas, the English Channel and North America but also in the other areas that TUI Cruises travels to, such as the Mediterranean, Orient, Caribbean and Central America. In financial year 2017, TUI Cruises focussed on the issue of food waste through the launch of a project supported by the industry initiative Futouris entitled 'Reduction of food waste on cruise ships'. The aim of the pilot project is to make efforts to tackle the amount of food waste within the cruise industry. During the project the causes of food waste on board the TUI Cruises fleet will be identified and processes relevant for reducing food waste will be optimised. Hapag-Lloyd Cruises continues to equip its vessels with new zodiacs. These motor-driven rubber boats are equipped with Torqueedo electric motors in order to reduce air and noise emissions. Hapag-Lloyd Cruises is the first provider of expedition cruises to use this environmentally friendly technology. All Hapag-Lloyd Cruises ships have Tributyltin-free underwater coatings, seawater desalination systems for water treatment purposes as well as a biological sewage treatment system for wastewater. Waste is separated on board in an environmentally-friendly manner prior to disposal on land by specialized companies in accordance with international regulations (MARPOL). Marella Cruises (former Thomson Cruises) has introduced a range of more efficient procedures and technology including single engine running, or drifting on passage, where speeds allow; so that the engines can run at their most efficient speed and installing new equipment on board, from the laundry to air conditioning plant - cutting the demand for energy produced by the ship. In the financial year 2017 the vessel Marella Dream retrofitted digital engine lubricating oil control units which lead to a decrease of 20 % lubricating oil consumption.
In financial year 2017, relative carbon emissions in Cruises decreased by 1.5 % mainly driven by the on-going re-fleeting programme, more efficient energy use and technological improvements. To expand the scope of TUI's environmental reporting in Cruises we included waste and water KPIs for the period under review. Per Cruise passenger night 14.7 litres of waste were measured and 161.8 litres of fresh water consumed. Climate protection and resource management Together with our hotel partners we constantly work on improving our sustainability performance. We have found that our most sustainably-Âmanaged hotels deliver higher quality and customer satisfaction. We have included a sustainability clause in contracts with our accommodation suppliers outlining minimum expectations and the requirement to work towards credible sustainability certification recognised by the Global Sustainable Tourism Council (GSTC). TUI is supporting its hotel partners by providing guidance and testing online tools to enable our hotel partners to prepare for certifications. TUI hotels were involved in numerous sustainability projects and initiatives in 2017 including the following: In March 2017 the 'Il Castelfalfi - TUI Blue Selection' was opened in Tuscany - regenerating the historic Tuscan estate of Castelfalfi keeping as much of the original architecture as possible while introducing modern systems and technologies. The resort has installed a biomass plant, which will consume about 3.5 tonnes of biomass each year from the hotel and its grounds and is expected to reduce fuel requirements by 95 %, making the resort practically self-sufficient with only a small reserve of fuel kept for emergencies. TUI's Product & Purchasing team carried out a full review of two reconstructed and refurbished units in Croatia. The aim was to understand how environmental and social sustainability considerations can be incorporated during planning, design, build and launch phases of refurbishment and newbuild projects as well as ongoing operations. The work identified best practices to share with other accommodation partners and highlighted areas for improvement in all future new-build or refurbishment projects.
Relative carbon emissions across our TUI Hotels & Resorts and InterÂnational Concepts decreased by 6.3 % due to a focus on effciency measures. Effective waste management aims to conserve resources and reduce environmental impacts and costs through recycling practices. Our owned and partner hotels implement various measures to reduce waste, for example through a stronger focus on local procurement and reducing packaging via buying in bulk. Per guest night 2.3 kg of waste were measured in financial year 2017.
* Includes water for domestic, pool and irrigation purposes Water is one of the most precious resources in the world. Beyond measures to control usage, hotels are finding innovative ways to address fresh water supply problems. For instance, desalination projects can make a big impact in destinations where they are in operation. Social issues and destination collaboration Tourism can be a real force for good, generating the transfer of wealth, promoting cultural understanding and tolerance. But we know that travel and tourism can also have unintended negative consequences. We rely on thriving communities to welcome our customers in destinÂations. That means it's important that the benefits of tourism reach the local community, in the form of jobs and educational opportunities and human rights are protected along our value chain.
One of our key areas of focus is the hotel - the largest component of the holiday experience. Our expectation of hotels that work with us is that they will commit to social and environmental good practice. Certification is central to our commitment to offer 'greener and fairer' holidays. It is a credible way of showing whether our hotels go further than others when it comes to social and environmental issues. We encourage our hotels to aim for certification that is GSTC (Global Sustainable Tourism Council) recognised and we are strong supporters of the certification programme Travelife. TUI Collection is a set of exclusive excursions that have been developed by TUI and tailored to give customers a true taste of the destination. They were launched in 2014 and are now offered by the majority of our tour operators. Each excursion in the Collection must be exclusive to TUI and meet specific criteria for sustainability, showing that it is bringing benefit to local people and minimising its impact on the environment. Our customers went on 1,024,000 TUI Collection excursions in financial year 2017, up 21 % on 2016.
* Variance is given in percentage points In financial year 2017, the number of customers staying in a hotel which is certified according to a GSTC recognised standard increased by 31.1 % to 8.3 Mio. This increase reflects improved and adjusted reporting processes, including the consolidation of Riu's customer numbers from non-TUI tourism businesses, as well as the increase in the number of accommodation suppliers who achieved certification to GSTC-recognised standards, by 4.3 % to 1,220 hotels. Dialogue Stakeholders in destinations have a significant role to play in sustainable tourism management. We work closely with communities, local and national governments, non-governmental organisations and trade associations to support the sustainable management of destinations. TUI Care Foundation We are involved in projects all around the world that support communities and reduce negative environmental impacts. Where we can, we focus on those destinations where we send the most customers and where we believe we can make the greatest difference.
Read more about TUI Care Foundation in the Magazine, page 54 / 55 and on www.tuicarefoundation.com Within the financial year 2017 the independent TUI Care Foundation has evolved its broader commitments and collaborated with destinations in three specific areas: education and training initiatives for young people; protection of the natural environment; and sustainable livelihoods in thriving destinations where local communities can benefit from tourism. Multi-stakeholder destination projects During the last year, TUI Care Foundation through its implementation partners has engaged with several community programmes in holiday destinations such as Croatia and Cape Verde. Tourism in Croatia is growing rapidly and accounts for more than one-fifth of annual GDP. To support the sustainable growth of tourism in Croatia, TUI became part of a local stakeholder project that brought together the Travel Foundation (a TUI Care Foundation partner), local residents and industry partners in the Split-Dalmatia county, where two refurbished four-star hotels have opened for Western European tourists. To address local stakeholder concerns about the impact of redevelopment, a training programme was run to help 20 local businesses benefit from the opportunity (of which the majority have made changes to their products to meet hotel customer expectations). TUI colleagues participated in this project and further opportunities to align the hotels with local community needs are being explored. In Cape Verde, tourism is extremely important to the economy, employing 38 % of the working population and accounting for 40 % of GDP. With rapid growth, however, comes a challenge to protect the environment, ensure that local businesses and communities can benefit from tourism and help local entrepreneurs and craftspeople to offer authentic excursions and handicrafts to the influx of new guests. A Destination Council was set up in 2013 by the Travel Foundation with the support of TUI, to allow organisations to work together to better manage tourism's impacts. TUI Care Foundation is now supporting specific projects relating to water, waste, clean beaches and local crafts. Empowering youth in Morocco To generate future opportunities for young Moroccans and promote a green way of mobility, TUI Care Foundation and Dutch NGO Pikala joined forces in 2017. Pikala are working to train 90 young Moroccans to become bike tour guides in their home city, to gain in-depth knowledge of bike mechanics and learn the basics of how to run their own bike tour business eventually. During the project 36 of the participants will be employed and a special focus will be put on including young women in the program.
The amount raised for sustainability projects and good causes reached EUR 7.3 million in financial year 2017, an increase by 10.0 %. This increase is largely due to the consolidation of Riu's charitable contributions into our reported figures in financial year 2017. Human Rights TUI Group respects all internationally proclaimed human rights as speciÂfied in the International Bill of Human Rights and expects the same of our suppliers and business partners. Modern slavery and its components of forced labour and human trafficking are of particular concern given their egregious nature and increasing prevalence. Modern Slavery Act Statement on In accordance with applicable law, conventions and regulation TUI is committed to respecting human rights throughout its worldwide operations. We have a number of policies and initiatives in place to monitor, identify, mitigate and prevent human rights impacts in line with the UNGuiding Principles on Business and Human Rights, and will take remedial action where necessary. In September 2014, TUI signed up to the UN Global Compact, committing the Group to 10 universally accepted principles in the areas of human rights, labour, environment and anticorruption. In 2012, TUI signed the UN World Tourism Organisation's (UNWTO) Global Code of Ethics- further underlining our commitment to respecting human rights. We have established a working group on human rights, drawing on senior management from major departments across our business to help with the continuous process of analysing potential human rights risks. In April 2017 TUI Group published the 'Modern Slavery Act Statement', under the requirement of UK law. Codes of conduct and supply chain The employee Code of Conduct commits us to respect and observe human rights. TUI Group employees are also encouraged to report any wrongdoing to the 'Speak Up' Line. All employees wherever they are in the world have access to a confidential reporting channel which allows them to report concerns about illegal or unethical behaviour directly to a group function free from reprisal. Employees are specifically encouraged to report concerns about, among other things, potential human rights issues. Group Legal Compliance closely monitors the hotline and ensures ongoing employee awareness through e-mails, newsletter updates, websites, e-learning and posters in prominent areas. Our Supplier Code of Conduct sets out the minimum standards that we expect from suppliers and their employees, sub-contractors, agents and subsidiaries when working on our behalf. Among other things the code includes guidance on human rights and labour laws, bribery and corruption, environmental impacts and support for local communities. TUI was the first major player in the Travel and Tourism sector to introduce supplier codes of conduct in order to mandate standards and stipulate requirements of third party business partners, ensuring their alignment to TUI's expectations for responsible and ethical business practices. The TUI Supplier Code of Conduct prohibits the use of forced and involuntary labour and requires that suppliers do not:
The Code also provides detail on the following areas; general rights of workers, child labour, child protection from sexual exploitation, trafficking, anti-discrimination, working times and remuneration. The TUI tour operating businesses have incorporated environmental and social requirements into contracts for our biggest supplier group - accommodation partners - Sustainability Requirements for Accommodation Suppliers. We have reviewed these requirements to make sure that they adequately cover human rights, in particular forced labour and human trafficking. These requirements are also outlined in our agreements with contracted Destination Management Companies. We are currently in the process of adapting these requirements for other areas of our procurement. We also require our hotel suppliers to implement credible sustainability 3rd party certifications recognised or approved by the Global Sustainable Tourism Council (GSTC). Schemes approved and / or recognised by GSTC mandate the highest standards of human rights, child protection and social welfare in the tourism industry. Travelife is the certification body we work most closely with and we were involved in developing new, stricter criteria. One of the revisions has been the inclusion of the principles of the Ethical Trading Base Code to strengthen the human rights components of the audit process, including modern slavery aspects. For more information on certified hotels see page 79 Child protection training We conduct regular child protection training for colleagues working for TUI Destination Services to ensure they understand child protection and how to react and proceed when an incident occurs. We are in the process of training specific groups of colleagues about human rights and modern slavery, such as holiday representatives and purchasers working in high risk destinations.
All TUI Airways (former Thomson Airways) crew receive Vulnerable ÂChildren & Trafficking Training during their inductions, where they learn about how to spot trafficking and what to do. Other TUI airlines are planning to roll out similar trainings. Our employees Qualified and engaged employees are a major prerequisite for TUI's long-term success. One of the key elements of our global HR strategy, therefore, is to attract and promote people with talent and to retain them by offering attractive employment conditions. It is our staff who breathe life into our corporate values 'Trusted', 'Unique' and 'Inspiring'. Alongside our vision and our customer promise, they form the basis for our attitudes and actions. In the completed financial year, we implemented a number of measures to embed our corporate values further in our day-to-day activities. Starting in the completed financial year, HR has been a fixed component and strategic pillar of TUI Group's sustainability strategy. Under the heading 'Better Holidays, Better World', TUI's sustainability efforts comprise four major ambitions: Beside 'step lightly', 'make a difference' and 'lead the way' now 'care more' is included. Our strategic key areas in HR were already defined last year. In the period under review, TUI continued to work consistently towards implementing them. 15 strategic projects were initiated within the five key areas (Engagement, Leadership, People Development, Organisational Effectiveness and HR Function Development), including oneShare, Employer Branding, Diversity@TUI, TUIgether and Global 60. So that we can measure the progress and success of these projects going forward, we defined corresponding KPIs in the financial year and are currently working on a reporting process. The goal is to report the current status and longterm objectives of the projects to the Management and Supervisory Board as well as to formulate appropriate measures. HR strategy projects oneShare oneShare offers employees in 18 European countries the opportunity to subscribe to shares from a joint employee share programme, and this option will be rolled out globally in the long term. This far, there have been two separate stock programmes in the UK and Germany. In the wake of the launch, TUI offered its employees the opportunity to participate in the success of the company twice in the reporting period. Overall, the rate of participation was 12.7 %, significantly exceeding our expectation in the year the programme began. This shows that our employees are placing their trust in TUI's long-term future. Employer branding One of the projects developed as part of our HR strategy during the recent financial year was a new Employer Branding campaign. It will successively be rolled out in a total of 14 markets. Germany was the first source market to fully implement the campaign in summer 2017. TUIGroup uses illustrations describing the future of travel for a uniform employer brand. The redesigned branding presents TUI Group as an ideal employer for anyone who wants to help shape the future of travel. The motto of the new branding: 'Our employees make us number one'. A special focus in the redesigned branding was placed on digitalisation. All the channels through which future job applicants can find out about TUI Group vacancies have been revamped. Apart from conventional advertisements in newspapers and magazines, they now include posters, social ads on Xing, LinkedIn, or Facebook. Diversity@TUI One of the cornerstones of our Diversity activities is to increase the proportion of women in managerial functions. Group wide, the proportion of women in the overall headcount was almost flat year-on-year at 56.6 % on the balance sheet date. By contrast, women's share of managerial functions grew from 29.4 % to 34.1 %. The proportion of women on our German supervisory bodies also continued to rise in the period under review. On 30 September 2017, women accounted overall for almost 40 % of members, up by around 2 percentage points year-on-year. In Germany, advantage was taken of the self-commitment mechanism provided for under the German Stock Corporation Act (AktG) and the Act on Limited Liability Companies (GmbHG) to fix specific targets for TUI AG, TUI Deutschland and TUI fly in financial year 2015. In financial year 2017, implementation of these targets made good progress at almost all levels, and nearly all targets were achieved. Also see declaration in Corporate Governance Report on page 110
A further focus is on reconciliation of family and work life. TUI offers its employees a number of attractive schemes to reconcile the demands on their professional and private lives. They include flexible working time models such as flexitime, part-time work, sabbaticals but also mobile working. We also support our employees when they are caring for children or other family members. All TUI's activities in this field are in line with local requirements and circumstances. TUIgether employee survey A significant element of the HR strategy process and of our cultural integration is our employee survey 'TUIgether', which was carried out in 16 languages in the period under review. The survey is an important indicator where we stand, where we are good and where we should improve with the aim to improve business performance and to make TUI an even more attractive employer. From an initial response rate of 66 % in 2015, which had already risen to 77 % in 2016, 78 % of all employees invited to take part submitted their feedback in the completed financial year. We have thus moved closer to our goal of an 80 % response rate. The survey measures the Engagement Index of TUI Group, which is 77 in this year's cycle and therefore steady compared to the previous year. It is also above the Kantar TNS Global norm - our external survey provider - which is 71. This is particularly due to a clearly defined follow-up process, which is supported and backed at all levels right through to management, and to the accompanying design of communication. This year, seven new questions were added: which, together with 13 existing questions, will enable us to analyse the leadership style of TUI Group's managers going forward, and this year to set a baseline measure for our leadership model 'VIBE', which is currently being rolled out across the Group. Global 60 TUI aims to encourage more international careers and promote employees with international experience. To speed up the progress, within one year 60 TUI employees are given the opportunity to make their next career move in another country and gain some experience there. This target was exceeded in year one with 64 participants. Staff indicators TUI Group's total headcount was steady year-on-year. The movements within the segments partly offset each other.
* Excludes TUI Cruises (JV) employees. Cruises employees are primarily hired by external crew management agencies. Hotels & Resorts Due to the continued growth strategy in Hotels & Resorts, the headcount rose by 8.0 % to 26,313 employees. The launch of new hotel resorts and the inclusion of additional destinations resulted in staff increases. Riu Group reported an increase in its headcount of 12.2 % to 12,091. The number of employees working for Robinson grew by 8.4 % to 3,888. Moreover, the rollout of the TUI Blue brand continued in the period under review. The number of employees working for Northern Hotels grew slightly by 4.2 % to 9,597. On the other hand, the other hotels reported a decline in their headcount by 6.8 % to 737, primarily driven by staff reductions in Turcotel Group in Turkey. Cruises The headcount in the Cruises segment grew by 6.0 % year-on-year to 316. The increase was primarily attributable to the new build projects in the expedition segment and the build-up in staff numbers working for Marella Cruises. Northern Region Northern Region recorded a year-on-year decline in its headcount of 4.7 % to 14,196 as at the balance sheet date. It mainly resulted from the organisational transfer of TUI Nordic staff to TUI Destination Services. On the other hand, Retail and the UK airline reported slight increases in staff numbers. Central Region The headcount in Central Region was flat year-on-year at 10,276 as at the balance sheet date. In Germany and Austria, staffing numbers remained constant. While Switzerland reported a decline in its headcount, Poland recorded higher staff numbers. Western Region The year-on-year increase in employee numbers in Western Region of 15.8 % to 6,523 was primarily due to the acquisition of Transat in France and additional recruitment at the Belgian airline. Moreover, the headcount of the Dutch tour operator declined slightly. Other Tourism The Other Tourism segment reported an increase in its headcount of 17.9 % to 7,228, mainly driven by TUI Destination Services and the increase in the headcount of TUI Service AG due to the organisational transfer of TUI Nordic staff. In IT, the number of employees was 554, up 27.6 % year-on-year due to the transfer and a general expansion of IT employees. All other segments All other segments remained virtually flat year-on-year at 1,725 employees. The headcount in the corporate centre rose by 23.4 % to 290, as Group functions were combined and new functions were built up. By contrast, the Head Office functions in UK cut its staffing levels by 18.5 % to 286. In Future Markets, the headcount was constant on the prior year at 690.
* By domicile of company As a global player, TUI Group and its employees operate in more than 100 destinations worldwide. The Group's headcount in Europe accounted for 81 % at the balance sheet date, with around 20 % of the total employed in the UK. The number of employees working in Germany amounted to around 15 %, followed by Spain with around 14 %. The increase in the number of employees working in North and South America, other regions and Spain is primarily due to the new openings and extensions of hotels in Hotels & Resorts. The increase reported for the rest of Europe is attributable to the acquisition of Transat and the increase in staffing numbers at the Belgian airline.
The pay package offered by TUI Group is made up of various components, reflecting the framework conditions in different countries and companies. Depending on the function concerned, a fixed basic salary may go hand in hand with variable components. TUI Group uses these variable factors to honour individual performance and to enable employees to participate in the Company's strategic and long-term success. The pay package also reflects the appropriateness of compensation and customary market rates. Moreover, senior management have share options and are thus able to benefit directly when the Company grows in value. In the period under review, the TUI Group's personnel costs increased by 3.7 % to EUR 2,357.0 m. The year-on-year increase in expenses for wages and salaries was mainly attributable to higher staff numbers in operating areas, pay rises and higher expenses for restructuring measures associated with the acquisition of the French tour operator Transat. Other HR issues Pension schemes Many TUI Group companies offer their employees pension schemes in the form of direct insurance contracts and individual or direct commitments to build up a private pension, or they pay additional contributions to pension schemes for their employees. In Germany, for instance, collective contracts have been concluded. These schemes were devised to take advantage of fiscal and social security opportunities for employee-funded company pension schemes through a direct insurance. Part-time early retirement To further increase the flexibility of their company HR and succession planning, Group companies in Germany are able to make use of the opportunities provided under the German Part-Time Early Retirement Act, enabling people to shift gradually from employment to retirement. This opportunity is partly supported by current collective bargaining contracts and company agreements, and is increasingly being taken up. At the balance sheet date, EUR 9.4 m was provided through a capital investment model for the 210 employees working under part-time early retirement contracts in order to hedge their accrued assets against employer insolvency. Employee representatives TUI attaches importance to national and international employee representative bodies. TUI has a large number of co-determination bodies, both at a company and supra-company level. They include local works councils, company works councils and the Group works council. The members of these bodies represent the interests of our Group's employees in Germany. Through their statutory rights of participation and initiative, they ensure representation of the interests of employees on all issues and projects of relevance to staff members and compliance with employee rights, e. g. during the implementation of restructuring activities. The Group works council is the top-level body for representing the interÂests of employees in German companies in accordance with legislation on industrial relations. In financial year 2017, it had 27 members from 22 companies. A major success for the Group was the judgment handed down by the European Court of Justice on 18 July 2017 in the matter Erzberger ./. TUI AG (CJEU case no. C-566 / 15). The reference for a preliminary ruling had been made by the Berlin appellate court. The ECJ had been asked, at the request of a TUI AG shareholder, to determine whether the German Industrial Co-Determination Act was in conformity with EU law as this law only grants German Group employees the right to vote and stand as a candidate in elections of workers' representatives to the Supervisory Board, while employees working for the Group's companies abroad are deprived of these rights. After proceedings lasting almost two years, the ECJ has endorsed TUI's legal interpretation. According to this ruling, the German Industrial Co-Determination Act does not violate the principle of non-discrimination, nor does it constitute an inadmissible impediment to their freedom of movement. At a European level, TUI's Europe Forum ensures a proper process of information and consultation on cross-border issues affecting the interests of employees in at least two member states of the European Economic Area. These above-mentioned bodies primarily serve the interests of employees, but at least indirectly also serve the interests of the Group and its companies, as co-determination contributes to the stability and sustainability of entrepreneurial decisions and processes. In financial year 2017, 43 employee representatives from 16 countries were delegated to the Forum. Material risks Our success depends on our ability to attract and retain suitable skilled experts and managers. Apart from the launch of a new Employer Branding campaign, we are now extending our talent and performance management approach 'Great Place to Grow' throughout the Group, supported by the global IT solution 'TUI People'. These activities are rounded off by efforts to build our pipeline of leadership talent through the Group-wide International Graduate Leadership Programme and the professional development for managers by means of our established global programmes 'Global High Performance Leadership', 'Horizons' and 'Perspectives'. In addition, a variety of measures are implemented at local level to develop employee and managerial skills. High-potential talents have to be identified and talent pools must be built, even across national borders. Semi-annual succession planning processes are in place for all critical business roles and key functions. We also promote strong employee engagement and motivation through employee dialogue, career development plans and corresponding processes. In the run-up to the launch of 'Great Place to Grow' in Germany in the forthcoming financial year, around 3,500 employees were invited to participate in face-to-face training sessions and accompanying e-learning sessions in the period under review. Security, Health & Safety The Group Security, Health & Safety (Group SHS) was established in mid-2016. The Group now has an SHS team in place that integrates and further develops all previous corporate mechanisms in the areas of Security, Occupational Health & Safety. The focus is on a holistic, Group-wide safety concept for customers and employees. The team members are experts in crisis and risk management with comprehensive experience gained from working in security agencies or companies. This interdiscipÂlinary diversity provides the basis for professional safety management in line with needs and requirements. The development of this new department continues. The period under review saw the development and implementation of standardised, Group-wide frameworks such as guidelines, standard processes and sample documents. They ensure fast and pertinent responses to safety-critical events and pro-active protection from risks. Examples include guidelines for safety measures in Hotels & Resorts, for business travel and for event and crisis management. These frameworks are based on a holistic risk analysis, taking account of natural phenomena, nature-related, social and political developments in the destinations, health-related information as well as safety-relevant information from government bodies, as a basis for providing advice, e. g. in the form of safety training sessions or advisory discussions, measures or planning documents. Dialogue with scientific research institutions has been established, especially on nature-related situations, e. g. impacts of climate change. The frameworks are applicable to TUI AG and to all companies majority-Âowned, directly or indirectly, by TUI AG, whether domestic or foreign and to other shareholdings in each case insofar as management control directly or indirectly lies with TUI AG. Shareholdings in which management control does not lie with TUI AG, including joint ventures, are recommended to implement the frameworks. As far as the Group Manual and supporting documents are referenced by contract, Group Manuals can also apply to TUI contractors. On this basis, the corporate bodies dealing with security and safety issues (e. g. in Destination Services) cooperate within a network coordinated by Group SHS. This ensures coverage of the entire Group and a coordinated approach in safety-related issues tailored to the needs of the relevant area. Implementation of this safety level is ensured by regular advice and evaluation trips to the destinations in our Hotels & Resorts. In the period under review, Group SHS carried out eight evaluation trips to destinations. Apart from the safety audits firmly embedded in the quality assurance system, we also launched security audits for Hotels & Resorts. More than 60 of these audits have meanwhile been implemented. Apart from safety-related advice, training and awareness-building for our own staff plays a particularly important role. We offered relevant training modules in Destination Services, in particular, and around 11,700 employees were trained in this manner. The Group-wide processes for dealing with extreme situations during event and crisis management were successfully applied, for instance, in connection with the hurricanes in September and security-relevant incidents such as the one in Barcelona at the end of August 2017. Apart from analysing the local situation, our event management mechanisms include compiling data on the number of guests and employees affected and their need for support as well as coordinating with local government bodies, European bodies and other partners. 24 / 7 control centres form the basis for fast and pertinent responses to critical events. TUI Group's protection concept integrates security, health & safety and covers the entire process under our control, including journeys by our customers. Anti-corruption and anti-bribery / Compliance Details of TUI Group's anti-corruption and anti-bribery measures are presented in the Corporate Governance section on Compliance from page 112 in the present Annual Report. Annual financial statements of TUI AG Condensed version according to German Commercial Code (HGB) Earnings position of TUI AG The annual financial statements of TUI AG were prepared in accordance with the provisions of the German Commercial Code (HGB), taking account of the complementary provisions of the German Stock CorporÂation Act (AktG), and audited by Deloitte GmbH Wirtschaftsprüfungsgesellschaft, Hanover. They are published in the electronic federal gazette. The annual financial statements have been made permanently available on the Internet at www.tuigroup.com and can be requested in print from TUI AG. In the present Annual Report, the Management Report of TUI AG has been combined with the Management Report of TUI Group.
The earnings position of TUI AG, the Group's parent company, is primarily determined by the appropriation of profits by its Group companies, either directly associated with TUI AG via profit and loss transfer agreements or distributing their profits to TUI AG based on relevant resolutions. Turnover and Other operating income In the financial year under review, turnover resulted from the reclassification of income in the framework of the first-time application of the Accounting Directive Implementation Act (BilRUG). Apart from effects resulting from the first-time application of BilRUG, the decline in Other operating income was mainly driven by a year-on-year decrease in gains on exchange. This income was offset by expenses for exchange losses of a similar amount, carried in Other operating expenses. Apart from the gains on exchange, Other operating income primarily included income from the elimination of intercompany services, carried alongside expenses of almost the same amount passed on to TUI AG from other Group companies, also shown in Other operating expenses. Expenses In the wake of the first-time application of BilRUG to financial year 2017, the expenses carried alongside the turnover were carried under expenses for purchased services. Personnel costs declined slightly in financial year 2017. The decrease in personnel costs in this financial year was nearly offset by an increase in expenses from transfers to pension provisions. Other operating expenses mainly comprised the cost of financial and monetary transactions, charges, fees, services, transfers to impairments, other administrative costs as well as expenses for exchange losses and the intercompany elimination of services. Other operating expenses declined in particular due to the decrease in expenses for exchange losses. Net income from investments In the financial year under review, TUI AG's net income from investments was driven by the distribution of profits by TUI Travel Ltd and TUI Cruises GmbH and the profit transfer from TUI-Hapag Beteiligungs GmbH. Net income from investments also included income from profit transfers from hotel companies and companies allocable to central operations. It also comprised expenses for loss transfers from Group companies, resulting in a corresponding reduction in net income from investments. Loss transfers declined significantly year-on-year. Write-downs of investments In the period under review, write-downs of investments mainly related to write-downs of a subsidiary allocated to central operations as well as an investment in a Turkish hotel. Interest result The interest result improved as a result of lower interest expenses driven by the refinancing of bonds and lower use of the syndicated credit facility. Interest income also rose due to an increase in non-current loans to Group companies by TUI AG. Taxes In the period under review, taxes related to income taxes and other taxes. They did not include any deferred taxes. Net profit for the year For financial year 2017, TUI AG posted a net profit for the year of EUR 741.7 m. Net assets of TUI AG TUI AG's net assets and financial position as well as its balance sheet structure reflect its function as the TUI Group's parent company. The balance sheet total rose by 6.7 % to EUR 9.8 bn in financial year 2017.
Fixed assets At the balance sheet date, fixed assets almost exclusively consisted of investments. The increase in investments was mainly attributable to the acquisition of Canada Holdings Inc. and a Greek hotel company as well as the issue of non-current loans to subsidiaries. An opposite effect was driven by the repayment of the capital reserves of TUI Hapag-ÂBeteiligungs GmbH. Current assets The increase in current assets of 13.6 % to EUR 2,683.4 m was mainly driven by the increase in cash and cash equivalents, caused by dividend payments by subsidiaries and above all the sale of the stake in Hapag-Lloyd Aktiengesellschaft. Moreover, liquid funds were invested in short-term money market funds. TUI AG's capital structure Equity TUI AG's equity increased by EUR 380.6 m to EUR 5,192.7 m. The subscribed capital of TUI AG consists of no-par value shares, each representing an equal portion in the capital stock. The proportionate share in the capital stock per share is around EUR 2.56. At the end of financial year 2017, the subscribed capital of TUI AG rose due to the issue of employee shares. At the end of the financial year under review, subscribed capital comprised 587,386,900 shares. In financial year 2017, capital reserves rose by EUR 6.1 m due to the issue of employee shares and share-based payments. Revenue reserves exclusively consisted of other revenue reserves. The Articles of Association do not contain any provisions concerning the formation of reserves. The profit for the year amounted to EUR 741.7 m. Taking account of the profit carried forward of EUR 454.1 m, net profit available for distribution totalled EUR 1,195.8 m. A proposal will be submitted to the Annual General Meeting to use the net profit available for distribution for the financial year under review to distribute a dividend of EUR 0.65 per no-par value share and to carry the amount of EUR 814.0 m, remaining after deduction of the dividend total of EUR 381.8 m, forward on new account. The equity ratio rose to 53.1 % (previous year 52.5 %) in financial year 2017. Provisions Provisions decreased by EUR 18.3 m to EUR 462.5 m. They consisted of pension provisions worth EUR 136.0 m (previous year EUR 134.8 m), tax provisions worth EUR 196.1 m (previous year EUR 176.1 m) and other provisions worth EUR 130.4 m (previous year EUR 169.9 m). While pension provisions remained largely flat year-on-year, tax provisions increased versus the prior year. An opposite effect arose from the decline in provisions for invoices outstanding, personnel costs and other risks. Liabilities TUI AG's liabilities totalled EUR 4,127.1 m, up by EUR 255.6 m or 6.6 %. In October 2016, TUI AG issued an unsecured bond worth EUR 300.0 m maturing in October 2021. TUI AG used the proceeds from the issue of this bond to cancel and repay a bond issued in September 2014 ahead of its maturity date. The increase in liabilities was mainly driven by the transactions of the TUI AG subsidiaries included in its cash pool. TUI's net financial position (cash and cash equivalents as well as marketable securities less bonds) improved year-on-year, amounting to a clearly positive position of EUR 1,138.8 m in the period under review. Capital authorisation resolutions Information on new or existing resolutions concerning capital authorisation, adopted by Annual General Meetings, is provided in the chapter on Information Required under Takeover Law. TUI share TUI share delivers significant outperformance post-merger Since the announcement of the merger with TUI Travel in June 2014, the TUI share price has increased substantially. The share's Total Shareholder Return (TSR) has risen by a total of 36 % within that period, clearly outperforming the FTSE 100 and DAX 30 indices. In a challenging market environment characterised by macroeconomic and geopolitical turbulence, TUI Group fully delivered the announced merger synergies of EUR 100 m by the end of the completed financial year and successfully completed the disposal of all non-core businesses. Moreover, almost EUR 1,175 m (incl. dividend proposal for the current financial year) worth of dividends were distributed to TUI shareholders. Three and a half years after the merger, the medium-term share price performance reflects TUI's stronger post-merger integration and enhanced strategic positioning. TUI share price continues to rise in The TUI share continued to deliver an overall pleasing performance in financial year 2017. After starting off well, however, the TUI share was temporarily unable to escape the challenging market environment. At the end of October, it declined to its low for the financial year, reflecting,inter alia, the expectations regarding future monetary policies on both sides of the Atlantic and lowered earnings guidances by other companies in the travel sector. During that period, our share price performance was also affected by the unexpectedly high number of TUI fly crew members calling in sick, resulting in flight cancellations. Due to the very good trading performance and quarterly results and the successful disposal of Travelopia, however, the share price picked up again in the course of the year and delivered substantial growth by mid-February. Following the dividend payment, TUI's share price showed higher overall volatility until the end of June 2017, although on average it remained largely flat. During that time, the publication of operating results or geopolitical events only triggered short-term price reactions. The TUI share subsequently gained momentum again, benefiting in particular from good quarterly results, a pleasing trading performance and the successful disposal of the remaining stake in Hapag-Lloyd AG. The share delivered a good performance throughout the period under review. While TUI's Total Shareholder Return grew by around 19 %, FTSE 100 and DAX 30 grew by 11 % and 22 %, respectively. This demonstrates once again that we are very well positioned thanks to our differentiated portfolio, our growth strategy focused on hotels and cruises and our integrated business model.
Quotations, indices and trading The TUI share has its primary listing in the Premium segment of the Main Market of the London Stock Exchange and is included in FTSE's UK Index Series including FTSE 100, the UK's major share index. It also has a secondary listing in the electronic trading system Xetra and at the Hanover Stock Exchange. TUI is also listed in the sustainability indices FTSE4Good, STOXX Global ESG Leaders Index and Ethibel Investment Register. TUI has been recognised as a Leader by Carbon Disclosure Project (CDP) Climate Change for implementing current best practices on climate change issues. In financial year 2017 the average daily trading volume at the London Stock Exchange was around 1.2 million shares, while around 0.6 million shares were traded on Xetra. Across all trading platforms, the trading volume in the UK amounted to around 2.8 million shares, with around 2.0 million shares traded in Germany. Both the sterling and the euro line therefore recorded strong liquidity in trading by institutional and private investors. Analyst recommendations Analysis and recommendations by financial analysts are a key decision-Âmaking factor for institutional and private investors. In the financial year under review, more than 20 analysts regularly published studies on TUI Group. In September 2017, 73 % of analysts issued a recommendation to 'buy' the TUI share, with 23 % recommending 'hold'. One analyst Ârecommended 'sell'. Shareholder structure The current shareholder structure and the voting right notifications pursuant to section 26 of the German Securities Trading Act are available online at: www.tuigroup.com/en-en/investors/news At the end of financial year 2017, around 77 % of TUI shares were in free float. Around 7 % of all TUI shares were held by private shareholders, around 67 % by institutional investors and financial institutes and around 26 % by strategic investors. Analysis of the shareholders shows that over half of shares were held by investors from EU countries. Dividend policy
In the framework of the merger with TUI Travel, TUI Group defined a dividend policy under which the dividend increases in line with the growth in underlying EBITA a constant currency. A proposal will therefore be submitted to the Annual General Meeting to distribute a dividend of EUR 0.65 per no-par value share to the shareholders for financial year 2017. Investor Relations Open and continuous dialogue and transparent communication form the basis for our Investor Relations work with our private shareholders, institutional investors, equity and credit analysts and lenders. In the completed financial year, many discussions were held, centring on the growth strategy for the integrated tourism group and the development of business in the various segments, enabling stakeholders to make a realistic assessment of TUI Group's future development. In this context, TUI's management team sought dialogue with investors at roadshows and conferences in London, Edinburgh, Frankfurt, Berlin, Munich, ÂZurich, Lugano, Vienna, Milan, Madrid, Amsterdam, Brussels, Paris, Oslo, Copenhagen, New York, Boston and Toronto. Questions from analysts and investors were also answered at the conference calls held upon publication of interim reports and in the framework of analysts' meetings. TUI's Investor Relations team also makes every effort to engage in direct contact with private investors. TUI Group's IR team sought dialogue with this target group on many occasions, such as events organised by shareholder associations. Another key platform for exchanges with private shareholders was the IR stall at TUI's Annual General Meeting. TUI also uses its website to address its private investors with a broad range of information. All IR conference calls and the Full year Review were likewise transmitted live and in full on the website. More details about Investor Relations online at: www.tuigroup.com/en-en/investors Information required under takeover law pursuant to sections 289 (4) and 315 (4) of the German Commercial Code (HGB) and explanatory report Composition of subscribed capital The subscribed capital of TUI AG consists of no-par value shares, each representing an equal share of the capital stock. As a proportion of the capital stock, the value of each share is around EUR 2.56. The subscribed capital of TUI AG, registered in the commercial registers of the district courts of Berlin-Charlottenburg and Hanover, consisted of 587,386,900 shares at the end of financial year 2017 (previous year 587,038,187 shares) and totalled EUR 1,501,630,765.46. Each share confers one vote at the Annual General Meeting. Restrictions on voting rights and share transfers The Executive Board of TUI AG is not aware of any restrictions on voting rights or the transfer of shares. Equity interests exceeding 10 % of the voting rights The Executive Board of TUI AG has been notified of the following direct or indirect equity interests reaching or exceeding 10 % of the voting rights: Alexey Mordashov, Russia, notified us on 15 December 2016 pursuant to section 21 (1) of the German Securities Trading Act that the voting shares in TUI AG, Hanover, Germany, attributable to him exceeded the 20 % threshold on 12 December 2016. As per that date, voting shares totalling 20.01 % (or 117,484,579 voting rights) were attributable to Alexey Mordashov pursuant to section 22 (1) sentence 1 no. 1 of the German Securities Trading Act. On the basis of the notifications pursuant to section 19 of the MAR, the voting shares in TUI AG attributable to him amounted to 23.0 % as at 30 September 2017. At the end of financial year 2017, around 77 % of TUI shares were in free float. Around 7 % of all TUI shares were held by private shareholders, around 67 % by institutional investors and financial institutions, and around 26 % by strategic investors. According to a shareholder analysis, over half of shares are held by investors in the European Union. Shares with special rights conferring powers of control No shares with special rights conferring powers of control have been issued. System of voting right control of any employee share scheme where the control rights are not Where TUI AG grants shares to employees under its employee share programme, the shares are directly transferred to the employees with a lock-up period. Beneficiaries are free to directly exercise the control rights to which employee shares entitle them, in just the same way as other shareholders, in line with legal requirements and the provisions of the Articles of Association. Appointment and removal of Executive Board members and amendments to the Articles of The appointment and removal of Executive Board members is based on sections 84 et seq. of the German Stock Corporation Act in combination with section 31 of the German Codetermination Act. Amendments to the Articles of Association are based on the provisions of sections 179 et seq. of the German Stock Corporation Act in combination with section 24 of the Articles of Association of TUI AG. Powers of the Executive Board to issue or buy back shares The Annual General Meeting of 14 February 2017 authorised TUI AG's Executive Board to acquire own shares of up to 5 % of the capital stock. The authorisation will expire on 13 August 2018. To date, the option to acquire own shares has not been used. The Annual General Meeting of 9 February 2016 adopted a resolution to create conditional capital of EUR 150.0 m for the issue of bonds. The authorisation to issue bonds with conversion options or warrants as well as profit-sharing rights and income bonds (with or without fixed terms) of up to a nominal amount of EUR 2.0 bn will expire on 8 February 2021. The Annual General Meeting of 13 February 2013 adopted a resolution to create authorised capital for the issue of employee shares worth EUR 10.0 m. The Executive Board of TUI AG is authorised to use this approved capital by 12 February 2018 in one or several transactions by issuing employee shares against cash contribution. In the completed financial year, 348,713 new employee shares were issued, so that the authorised capital totalled around EUR 7.4 m at the balance sheet date. The Annual General Meeting of 28 October 2014 adopted a resolution to create authorised capital for the issue of new shares against cash contribution worth EUR 18.0 m in order to be able to fulfil claims for shares in TUI Travel granted by TUI Travel to its employees in the form of new shares in TUI AG. This authorisation is no longer required and will therefore be revoked ahead of its expiry date. The Annual General Meeting of 9 February 2016 adopted a resolution to create authorised capital for the issue of new registered shares against cash contribution worth a maximum of EUR 150.0 m. The authorisation will expire on 8 February 2021. The Annual General Meeting on 9 February 2016 also adopted a resolution to create authorised capital for the issue of new shares of EUR 570.0 m against cash contributions or contributions in kind. The issue of new shares against contributions in kind has been limited to EUR 300.0 m. The authorisation will expire on 8 February 2021. Significant agreements taking effect in the event Some of TUI AG's outstanding financing instruments contain change of control clauses. A change of control occurs in particular if a third partly directly or indirectly acquires control over at least 50 % or the majority of the voting shares in TUI AG. In the event of a change of control, the holders of the fixed-interest bond worth EUR 300.0 m issued in October 2016 must be offered a buyback. For the syndicated credit line worth EUR 1.75 bn, of which EUR 115.9 m had been used via bank guarantees as at the balance sheet date, a right of termination by the lenders has been agreed in the event of a change of control. This also applies to several bilateral guarantee lines with a total volume of £ 92.5 m, concluded with various insurance companies. At the balance sheet date, an amount of 32.9 m pounds had been used. Beyond this, there are no agreements in guarantee, leasing, option or other financial contracts that might cause material early redemption obligations that would be of significant relevance for the Group's liquidity. Apart from the financing instruments mentioned above, a framework agreement between the Riu family and TUI AG includes a change of control clause. A change of control occurs if a shareholder group represents a predefined majority of AGM attendees or if one third of the shareholder representatives on the Supervisory Board are attributable to a shareholder group. In the event of a change of control, the Riu family is entitled to acquire at least 20 % and at most all shares held by TUI in RIUSA II S.A. A similar agreement concerning a change of control at TUI AG has been concluded with the El Chiaty Group. Here, too, a change of control occurs if a shareholder group represents a predefined majority of AGM attendees or if one third of the shareholder representatives on the Supervisory Board are attributable to a shareholder group. In that case, the El Chiaty Group is entitled to acquire at least 15 % and at most all shares held by TUI in the joint hotel companies in Egypt and the United Arab Emirates. A change of control agreement has also been concluded for the joint venture TUI Cruises between Royal Caribbean Cruises Ltd and TUI AG for the event that a change of control occurs in TUI AG. The agreement gives the partner the right to demand termination of the joint venture and to purchase the stake held by TUI AG at a price which is lower than the selling price of their own stake. Compensation agreements have not been concluded between the Company and Executive Board members or employees in the event of a takeover bid. Executive Board and ÂSupervisory Board
1 Representative of the employees 2 Information refers to 30 September 2017 or date of resignation from the Supervisory Board of TUI AG in financial year 2017. 3 Chairman 4 Deputy Chairman a) Membership in supervisory boards within the meaning of section 125 of the German Stock Corporation Act (AktG) b) Membership in comparable German and non-German bodies of companies within the meaning of section 125 of the German Stock Corporation Act (AktG)
1 Information refers to 30 September 2017 or date of resignation from the Excecutive Board in financial year 2017. 2 Chairman a) Membership in Supervisory Boards required by law within the meaning of section 125 of the German Stock Corporation Act (AktG) b) Membership in comparable Boards of domestic and foreign companies within the meaning of section 125 of the German Stock Corporation Act (AktG) Corporate Governance ÂReport Statement on Corporate Governance (as part of the Management Report) The actions of TUI AG's management and oversight bodies are determined by the principles of good and responsible corporate governance. The Executive Board and the Supervisory Board comprehensively discussed Corporate Governance issues in financial year 2017. In this chapter, the Executive Board and the Supervisory Board provide their report on Corporate Governance in the Company pursuant to sub-section 3.10 of the German Corporate Governance Code and section 289a of the German Commercial Code (HGB) as well as Disclosure and Transparency Rule (DTR) 7.2 and Listing Rule (LR) 9.8.7R. 1. Declaration of Compliance pursuant to section 161 of the German Stock Corporation Act (AktG) As a stock corporation company under German law, TUI AG's Executive Board and Supervisory Board are obliged to submit a declaration of compliance with the German Corporate Governance Code pursuant to section 161 of the German Stock Corporation Act. www.dcgk.de/en/code.html In December 2017, the Executive Board and the Supervisory Board jointly submitted the declaration of compliance for 2017 pursuant to section 161 of the German Stock Corporation Act. The declaration was made permanently accessible to the general public on TUI AG's website in December 2017. www.tuigroup.com/de-de/investoren/corporate-governance WORDING OF THE DECLARATION OF COMPLIANCE FOR 2017 'In accordance with section 161 of the German Stock Corporation Act, the Executive Board and Supervisory Board of TUI AG hereby declare: Since the last annual declaration of compliance was submitted in December 2016, the recommendations of the German Corporate Governance Code in the version dated 5 May 2015 have been fully observed. The recommendations of the Code in the version dated 7 February 2017 have been and will be fully observed since its entry into force.' 2. Declaration of Compliance pursuant to At the time of the merger TUI AG had announced it would comply with the UK Corporate Governance Code (the UK Code) https://www.frc.org.uk/getattachment/ca7e94c4-b9a9-49e2-a824- to the extent practicable. In many respects, the requirements of the German Code and the UK Code are similar. However, there are certain aspects which are not compatible (in some cases due to the different legal regimes for German and UK companies). Therefore some deviations from best practice in the UK have been necessary. Under the German Stock Corporation Act, the legislation applicable to TUI AG, a two-tier board system is mandatory (see below section 'Functioning of the Executive and Supervisory Board' on page 108). The two-tier board structure is different to the UK unitary board structure on which the UK Code is based. Some of the principles of composition and operation of the boards of a German stock corporation also differ from those of a UK company (for example, there is no Company Secretary). For this reason, the Executive Board and the Supervisory Board have set out below in which areas the UK Code is not complied with and explained the reasons for the deviations. In addition, the Executive Board and the Supervisory Board have also explained those instances where they consider TUI AG not to be compliant with the UK Code in the literal sense but where it lives up to the spirit and meaning of the respective regulation. Sub-headings refer to sections of the UK Code for ease of reference for investors. Pursuant to DTR 7.2 and LR 9.8.7R, the Executive Board and the Supervisory Board therefore declare as follows: WORDING OF THE UK CORPORATE GOVERNANCE STATEMENT 'Throughout the reporting period, TUI AG has complied with the provisions of the UK Code, including its main principles, except as set out and explained below. IDENTIFICATION OF SENIOR INDEPENDENT DIRECTOR Under German law and the German Code, there is no concept of a 'Senior Independent Director'. Instead, shareholders may raise any issues at the Annual General Meeting (AGM). In this forum, the Executive Board and the Chairman of the Supervisory Board are available to address any issues and are legally obliged to provide adequate responses. Outside the AGM, shareholders may approach the Executive Board, in particular the CEO or the CFO, or, for topics relating to Supervisory Board matters, the Chairman of the Supervisory Board or any of his Deputies. Sir Michael Hodgkinson, who was the Deputy Chairman and Senior Independent Director of TUI Travel PLC before the merger, was re-elected as additional Deputy Chairman of the Supervisory Board of TUI AG in February 2016 alongside Frank Jakobi (First Deputy Chairman who, under the German Co-ÂDetermination Act, must be an Employee Representative). DIVISION OF RESPONSIBILITIES - CHAIRMAN & CHIEF ÂEXECUTIVE (A2.1) The separation of the roles of the Chairman of the Supervisory Board (Prof. Klaus Mangold) and the CEO (Friedrich Joussen) is clearly defined under German law as part of the two-tier board structure. Therefore, no further division of responsibilities is required and both the Executive Board and the Supervisory Board consider that TUI AG lives up to the spirit and meaning of the UK Code. INDEPENDENCE OF SUPERVISORY BOARD MEMBERS (B1.1) Under the UK Code, the Board must identify in the annual report each non-executive director it considers to be 'independent' for the purposes of the UK Code. Based on the responsibilities assigned to the Supervisory Board by the German Stock Corporation Act, the members of the Supervisory Board are considered to be non-executive directors for the purposes of the UK Code. Under the UK Code, persons are 'independent' if they are independent in character and judgement and if there are no relationships or circumstances which are likely to affect, or could appear to affect, their judgement. TUI AG does not, however, extend its independence disclosures to employee representatives on the Supervisory Board (for a detailed explanation of shareholder and employee representatives and the underlying considerations, please see below). The Supervisory Board has determined that six of its nine shareholder representative members (excluding the Chairman, as required by the UK Code) are independent for the purposes of the UK Code. The shareholder representatives of the Supervisory Board considered to be independent are: Prof. Edgar Ernst, Valerie Gooding, Sir Michael Hodgkinson, Janis Kong, Coline McConville and Angelika Gifford. The Chairman was independent on election in 2011 and re-election in February 2016 and is still considered independent (Prof. Mangold also was independent when he was elected to the Supervisory Board in January 2010). The members of the Supervisory Board not considered to be independent for the purposes of the UK Code are Carmen Riu Güell, Alexey Mordashov and Peter Long. In reaching its determination, the Supervisory Board has considered, in particular, the factors set out below. SHAREHOLDER AND EMPLOYEE REPRESENTATIVES The Supervisory Board of TUI AG consists of ten members who are elected by shareholders at AGM (the 'Shareholder Representatives') and ten members who represent the employees of TUI AG (the 'Employee Representatives'). This differs from UK practice where only those board members representing major shareholders are typically referred to as 'Shareholder Representatives' and are not considered independent Âunder the UK Code because of their link to a significant shareholder. In TUI AG, only the shareholder representatives Carmen Riu Güell (Riu Hotels, approx. 3.4 % of the voting rights) and Alexey Mordashov (approx. 23 % of the voting rights via Unifirm Ltd., majority controlled by himself) are connected to significant shareholders or are shareholders themselves. It should also be noted that joint ventures exist between TUI AG and both Riu Hotels S. A. and TUI Russia & CIS (in which a majority controlling interest is held by Mr Mordashov) (for further details see page 96 of the Annual Report). Until his election to the ÂSupervisory Board in February 2016, Peter Long was Joint-CEO of TUI AG from December 2014 to February 2016. Prior to that, he was a member of the Executive Board of TUI AG from 2007 and CEO of TUI Travel PLC. Therefore, neither Ms Riu Güell nor Mr Mordashov nor Mr Long are considered independent for the purposes of the UK Code. Seven of the ten employee representatives of the Supervisory Board are elected by the employees of TUI Group entitled to vote. Three employee representatives are nominated by a German trade union (ver.di). Under the UK Code, directors who are or have been employees of the Group in the last five years or who participate in the Group's pension arrangements would generally not be considered independent. In the UK, directors with an employment relationship are normally current or former executives. By contrast, under German law, employee representatives of the Supervisory Board must be employees of the Group, and must be elected by the employees without any involvement of the Executive or Supervisory Boards. Furthermore, the employment contract of employee representatives may only be terminated in exceptional cases. The employee representatives may also participate in Group pension schemes as is normal for employees and in their capacity as employees. Trade union representatives are nominated, and employed by, the trade union but are still classified as employee representatives. They can only be removed from the Supervisory Board by their respective union and neither the Executive nor the Supervisory Board has any role in their appointment or removal. HALF THE BOARD SHOULD BE INDEPENDENT NON-EXECUTIVE DIREC TORS (B1.2) Since, for the purpose of the UK Code, only the shareholder represenÂtatives on the Supervisory Board are taken into account, with six independent members (excluding the Chairman of the Supervisory Board) more than half of its members are considered independent. NOMINATION COMMITTEE - COMPOSITION AND ÂRESPONSIBILITIES (B2.1) The role of the Nomination Committee in a typical UK company is fulfilled in TUI AG by two Committees of the Supervisory Board: Under the Rules of Procedure for the Supervisory Board and its Committees (which are equivalent to the Terms of Reference of a British corporation) the Nomination Committee considers and proposes suitable candidates as shareholder representatives to the Supervisory Board for its election proposals to the AGM. The Presiding Committee determines the requirements and remuneration for any new appointments to the Executive Board and recommends suitable candidates to the Supervisory Board. On that basis, the Supervisory Board appoints Executive Board members. This approach is different from the UK where all director appointments are approved by shareholders at the AGM. However, as is common practice in Germany, at each AGM shareholders are asked to decide whether they approve the actions of the Executive Board and Supervisory Board members during the past financial year. Since the AGM 2015, in the light of UK practice, TUI AG has changed its procedure to allow a separate vote on each individual Executive Board and Supervisory Board member, as it is customary in the UK. TUI AG Âintends to continue this practice. Accordingly, the Supervisory Board considers that TUI AG lives up to the spirit and meaning of the UKCode to the extent practicable. There is no requirement under German law or the German Corporate Governance Code for the majority of the Nomination Committee members to be independent. Of the four members of the Nomination Committee, two are either significant shareholders themselves or associated with significant shareholders (Carmen Riu Güell and Alexey Mordashov) and therefore not independent for the purposes of the UK Code. The remaining two members are Sir Michael Hodgkinson and Prof. Klaus Mangold (Chairman) who are both independent. Therefore TUI AG is not compliant with the UK Code which requires a majority of the Nomination Committee to be independent. However, TUI AG considers that the current membership of the Nomination Committee provides a strong and experienced pre-selection of Supervisory Board shareholder representation members, while keeping the Committee to a manageable size. A publication of the Rules of Procedure for the Supervisory Board, its committees (including the Audit Committee) and for the Executive Board is not provided for under German law and the German Corporate Governance Code. Therefore TUI AG is not compliant with this provision of the UK Code. NOMINATION COMMITTEE SECTION IN THE ANNUAL For the activities of the Nomination Committee, see page 13 which is part of the Chairman's letter to shareholders. During the year, a personnel consultancy (Spencer Stuart) has been used to search a Supervisory Board member as successor to the chairman of the Supervisory Board. This personnel consultancy has no further connection to the company. Succession planning for management members below Executive Board level is carried out by the Executive Board. The Presiding Committee is responsible for succession planning for the Executive Board. TERMS & CONDITIONS OF APPOINTMENTS OF NON-EXECUTIVE DIRECTORS (B3.2) The terms and conditions of Supervisory Board members' appointments follow the provisions of the German Stock Corporation Act and the Articles of Association of TUI AG. The Articles of Association are available on the website at www.tuigroup.com/en-en/investors/corporate-Âgovernance. ADVICE AND SERVICES OF THE COMPANY SECRETARY (B5.2) There is no specific role of Company Secretary in German companies. However, Executive and Supervisory Board members have access to the Board Office of TUI AG if they need any advice or services. The Board Office acts as an interface in corporate matters for the Executive and Supervisory Board members and is responsible for ensuring that the requisite processes and procedures are in place governing all Executive and Supervisory Board meetings (i.e. preparation of agendas, minuting of meetings and ensuring compliance with German and UK law, as appropriate, and with recommendations for corporate governance). The Board Office also supports the Chairman, the CEO, the CFO and the Chairmen of the Audit Committee and the Strategy Committee. Executive and Supervisory Board members also have access to legal advice via the Group Legal Director and the Board Office. The Supervisory Board can also approach the Executive Board directly for specific advice on any matters. Accordingly, the Executive Board and the Supervisory Board consider that TUI AG lives up to the spirit and meaning of the UKCode. BOARD PERFORMANCE EVALUATION (B6) The performance of each individual Executive Board member is evaluated annually by the Supervisory Board for the annual performance-based remuneration. In this context, the Supervisory Board also reviews the individual member's overall performance as part of the Executive Board. However, no external performance evaluation is done for the Executive Board. It is not customary to conduct annual reviews of the Supervisory Board's efficiency. Each Supervisory Board member can give feedback to the Chairman, the Deputy Chairmen or the Supervisory Board as a whole as and when appropriate or required. External evaluation, which includes the work of the Chairman of the Supervisory Board, is performed by means of individual interviews and anonymous reviews. Executive Board members are invited to contribute to the process. Consolidated results are shared with the entire Supervisory Board and appropriate actions are suggested and discussed as appropriate. The last external review of the Supervisory Board was undertaken in 2015 by Board Consultants International. Board Consultants International has no other connection with TUI AG. ANNUAL RE-ELECTION BY SHAREHOLDERS AT THE AGM (B7.1) None of the Executive or Supervisory Board members is re-elected annually. However, as noted above, in light of the UK Code and UK best practice, TUI AG voluntarily puts individual resolutions approving the actions of each Executive and Supervisory Board member to the AGMresolving on the annual financial statements for the previous year. TUI AG intends to continue this practice. The end of appointment periods for Supervisory Board members are disÂclosed in the table from page 100. Current curricula vitae of all Executive and Supervisory Board members are published at www.tuigroup.com/en-en/investors/corporate-Âgovernance. FAIR, BALANCED AND UNDERSTANDABLE ANNUAL REPORT AND ACCOUNTS (C1.1) In a German stock corporation the Executive Board is responsible for drafting the Annual Report & Accounts (ARA). According to section 243 (2) of the German Commercial Act (HGB) the ARA must be clearly arranged and should present a realistic picture of the Company's economic situation. This is equivalent to the UK Code requirement for the ARA to be fair, balanced and understandable. Although this assessment has not been delegated to the Audit Committee (C3.4), the Executive Board is convinced that this ARA satisfies both requirements. ESTABLISHMENT AND OPERATION OF REMUNERATION ÂCOMMITTEE (D2), REMUNERATION (D1) In the German governance structure there is no separate Remuneration Committee. The remuneration of the Executive Board is under involvement of the employee representatives monitored and agreed by the Supervisory Board based on recommendations from the Presiding Committee, which is governed by the Supervisory Board Rules of Procedure, as referred to above. Supervisory Board remuneration and the remuneration of Board Committee members is governed by the Articles of Association as resolved on by the shareholders at the AGM. There are no clawback or malus provisions in the service contracts of Executive Board members. Such provisions would be unusual (and probably unenforceable) in Germany. However, there are different contractual and statutory provisions that may allow for a reduction or forfeiture of remuneration components or allow TUI AG to claim damages from Executive Board members. First, the service contracts of Executive Board members provide for forfeiture of the annual bonus and the LTIP if TUI AG terminates the service contract for cause without notice before the end of the one year performance period in the case of the annual bonus or before the end of the respective performance period of the LTIP. Second, according to section 87 (2) German Stock Corporation Act (AktG) the Supervisory Board may, under certain exceptional circumstances, reduce Executive Board compensation in case of a deterioration of the economic situation of TUI AG. Third, Executive Board members may be liable for damages under the German Stock Corporation Act in case of a breach of their duties of care or fiduciary duties. See the Directors' Remuneration Report from page 116 for full details on Executive and Supervisory Board member's remuneration. NOTICE PERIODS FOR EXECUTIVE DIRECTORS (D1.5) In accordance with the customary practice in Germany members of the Executive Board are appointed for a term of three to five years. This does not comply with the UK Code recommendation which stipulates that notice or contract periods should be set at one year or less. However, the contracts include maximum limits on the amounts payable on termination. See Remuneration Report from page 116 DIALOGUE WITH SHAREHOLDERS (E1) It was not common practice in German companies for Supervisory Board members to make themselves available for meetings with major shareholders. However, the German Corporate Governance Code in the version dated 7 February 2017 now stipulates in section 5.2 that the Chairman of the Supervisory Board should be willing to meet with investors in an appropriate manner to discuss Supervisory Board matters. Shareholders made use of this option in financial year 2017. The table below provides an overview of all meetings with shareholders, in some of which also employees of Investor Relations participated.
Key: Prof. Dr Klaus Mangold (KM), Sir Michael Hodgkinson (SMH), Friedrich Joussen (FJ), Key topics discussed at meetings between shareholders and Executive Board members included:
The Supervisory Board receives feedback from the Chairman and Deputy Chairman (shareholder representative) and Executive Board members following meetings with major shareholders or investors. Additionally, a monthly Investor Relations Report and event-driven assessments of brokers are forwarded to the Executive Board and the Supervisory Board. They contain updates on the share price development, analyses by sellers and feedback and assessments from investors. The Executive Board and the Supervisory Board consider that TUI AG lives up to the spirit and meaning of the UK Code. AGM RESOLUTION ON FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND ÂCONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (E2.1) It is not common practice in Germany to pass a resolution at the AGM to approve the financial statements and consolidated financial statements. Therefore, this was not done at the AGM in 2017 and it is not intended to do so at the AGM in 2018. However, as required by German law, the first item on the agenda of TUI AG's AGM is the presentation of the financial statements and consolidated financial statements to the AGM. Under this item, the Executive Board will explain the financial statements and consolidated financial statements and the Chairman will explain, in particular, the report of the Supervisory Board (including this UK Corporate Governance Statement). Shareholders will have the opportunity to raise questions. Questions are typically raised, as is normal in the AGMs of German companies, and, as a general rule, answers must be provided under German law. This is the standard practice for a German company and is in full compliance with the German Code. While the lack of a resolution to approve the Annual Report & Accounts is not in compliance with the UK Code, TUI AG considers that the arrangements afford shareholders with sufficient opportunity to raise any questions or concerns that they may have in relation to the Annual Report & Accounts, and to receive answers, in the AGM. Accordingly, the Executive Board and the Supervisory Board consider that TUI AG lives up to the spirit and meaning of the UK Code to the extent practicable. CIRCULATION OF AGM DOCUMENTATION TO SHAREHOLDERS (E2.4) The 2017 AGM of TUI AG was held on 14 February 2017. As required by German law, the notice convening TUI AG's 2017 AGM (including the agenda and the voting proposals of the Executive Board and the Supervisory Board) was published in the Federal Gazette in Germany on 4 January 2017. Shareholders then had the right under German law to request additional agenda items at any time up to 30 days before the AGM. In accordance with German practice, once this deadline had expired the combined invitation and explanatory notes relating to the AGM were sent to shareholders on 19 January 2017, which was less than the 20 working days before the AGM recommended in the UK Code (but more than the 21 days' notice required by German law). However, in addition to the original publication of the Invitation in the Federal Gazette in Germany, the combined invitation and explanatory notes relating to the AGM was published on TUI AG's website on 4 January 2017. As no additional agenda items were requested by shareholders, this was in the same form as the final combined invitation and explanatory notes relating to the AGM later sent to shareholders. Furthermore, TUI AG's Annual Report and Accounts for the financial year ending 30 September 2016 was published on 8 December 2016, significantly more than 20 working days before the 2017 AGM. Accordingly, the Executive Board and the Supervisory Board consider that TUI AG lives up to the spirit and meaning of the UK Code requirements. A similar timetable will be followed in relation to the 2018 AGM." 3. Further information on Corporate Governance FUNCTIONING OF THE EXECUTIVE AND SUPERVISORY BOARDS TUI AG is a company under German law. One of the fundamental principles of German stock corporation law is the dual management system involving two bodies, the Executive Board in charge of managing the company and the Supervisory Board in charge of monitoring the company. TUI AG's Executive Board and Supervisory Board cooperate closely and in a spirit of trust in managing and overseeing the Company, with strict separation between the two bodies in terms of their membership and competences. Both bodies are obliged to ensure the continued existence of the Company and sustainable creation of added value in harmony with the principles of the social market economy. TUI AG's Executive Board comprised six members as at the closing date 30 September 2017. The Executive Board is responsible for managing the Company's business operations in the interests of the Company. The allocation of functions and responsibilities to individual Board members is presented in a separate section. For functions, see tables 'Supervisory Board and Executive Board' on page 100 et seq. In accordance with the law and the Articles of Association, the Supervisory Board had 20 members at the balance sheet date, i. e. 30 September 2017. The Supervisory Board advises and oversees the Executive Board in the management of the Company. It is involved in strategic and planning decisions and all decisions of fundamental importance to the Company. When the Executive Board takes decisions on major transactions, such as the annual budget, major acquisitions or divestments, it is required by its terms of reference to seek the approval of the Supervisory Board. The Chairman of the Supervisory Board coordinates the work in the Supervisory Board, chairs its meetings and represents the concerns of the body externally. The Supervisory Board and the Audit Committee have adopted terms of reference for their own work. In the run-up to the Supervisory Board meetings, the representatives of shareholders and employees meet separately. The Executive Board provides the Supervisory Board at regular meetings and in writing with comprehensive, up-to-date information about the strategy, the budget, business performance and the situation of the Group, including risk management and compliance. The Executive Board works on the basis of terms of reference issued by the Supervisory Board. TUI AG has taken out a D&O insurance policy with an appropriate deductible for all members of the Executive Board and Supervisory Board. The deductible amounts to 10 % of the loss up to the amount of one and a half times the fixed annual compensation. COMPOSITION OF THE SUPERVISORY BOARD As at the balance sheet date, 30 September 2017, the Supervisory Board of TUI AG comprised 20 members. The composition of the Supervisory Board in financial year 2017 ensured that its members as a group had the knowledge, ability and expert experience required to properly complete their tasks. The goals set by the Supervisory Board itself for its composÂition include in particular comprehensive industry knowledge, at least five independent shareholder representatives, at least five members with international experience, and diversity (see also the diversity concepts for the Supervisory Board and the Executive Board from page 110 of this report). Twelve members of the Supervisory Board had considerable international experience. Due to the different professional experiences of its members, the composition of the Supervisory Board overall reflects a great diversity of relevant experience, ability and industry knowhow. None of the shareholder representatives on the Supervisory Board had any commercial or personal relationship with the Company, its Executive Board or third parties that might cause a material clash of interests. Seven shareholder representatives are independent (including the Chairman of the Supervisory Board, who can be included in the count according to the German Corporate Governance Code). In accordance with the recommendations of the German Corporate Governance Code, the original shareholder representatives were individually elected for five-year terms of office during elections to the Supervisory Board at the relevant General Meetings (October 2014, February 2016). Only Prof. Klaus Mangold and Sir Michael Hodgkinson were older than 68 years when they were elected as members of the Supervisory Board. In both cases, the Supervisory Board deemed it appropriate to deviate from the regular age limit in order for the Company to benefit from Prof. Klaus Mangold's and Sir Michael Hodgkinson's extensive experience in order to complete the integration process and in order to ensure continuity. With Peter Long, a former member of the Executive Board has been a Supervisory Board member since the Annual General Meeting 2016 held on 9 February 2016. COMMITTEES OF THE SUPERVISORY BOARD AND THEIR ÂCOMPOSITION At 30 September 2017, the balance sheet date, the Supervisory Board had established four committees from among its members to support its work: the Presiding Committee, the Audit Committee, the Nomination Committee and the Strategy Committee. In addition, the Integration Committee existed until December 2016. A Mediation Committee was furthermore established in accordance with section 27 (3) of the German Co-Determination Act. The Presiding Committee and Audit Committee have eight members each, with an equal number of shareholder representatives (including the respective chairpersons of the committees) and employee representatives. The Presiding Committee prepares, in particular, the appointment of Executive Board members, including the terms and conditions of service contracts and remuneration proposals. The Audit Committee's task is to support the Supervisory Board in exercising its oversight function. The Chairman of the Audit Committee is an independent financial expert and has particular knowledge and experience in the application of accounting principles and internal control methods from his own professional practice. The Nomination Committee consists exclusively of shareholder representaÂtives, in keeping with the recommendation in the German Corporate Governance Code. The task of its four members is to suggest suitable candidates for the Supervisory Board to propose to the Annual General Meeting. The Integration Committee was set up following the merger for two years. Its responsibilities were to advise and supervise the Executive Board during the integration process following the completion of the merger. The Integration Committee drafted recommendations for resolutions for the Supervisory Board, but had no authority to make decisions on behalf of the Supervisory Board. It consisted of five shareholder representatives and one employee representative. As planned, the Integration Committee had its last meeting in December 2016. The Strategy Committee began its work after the Annual General Meeting 2016. Its task is to comprehensively advise and oversee the Executive Board in developing and implementing the corporate strategy. It prepares the annual strategy offsite meeting for the Supervisory Board, but does not have a mandate to take any decisions on behalf of the Supervisory Board. It comprises five shareholder representatives and one employee representative. CONFLICTS OF INTEREST Executive and Supervisory Board members have a duty to act in TUI AG's best interests. In the completed financial year 2017, there were no conflicts of interest requiring disclosure to the Supervisory Board. None of the Executive Board or Supervisory Board members has a board role or a consultancy contract with one of TUI's competitors. SPECIFICATIONS PURSUANT TO SECTIONS 76 (4), 111 (5) At least 30 % of the Supervisory Board members were women and at least 30 % were men at the balance sheet date. The Supervisory Board was therefore compliant with section 96 (2) sentence 1 of the German Stock Corporation Act. Neither the shareholder nor the employee representatives on the Supervisory Board objected to overall compliance in accordance with section 96 (2) sentence 2 of the German Stock Corporation Act. The Supervisory Board resolved, in keeping with section 111 (5) of the German Stock Corporation Act, that until 31 October 2020 one woman is required to be a member of the Executive Board. This goal was achieved in the reporting period with Dr Elke Eller's membership in the Executive Board. In turn, the Executive Board resolved, in keeping with section 76 (4) of the German Stock Corporation Act, that women should account for 20 % of executives at the level immediately below the Executive Board and 30 % at the level below this. Both targets were to be achieved by 30 June 2017. For this reason, TUI AG has implemented various measures over the past two years aimed at increasing the proportion of women on a long-term and sustainable basis. This includes, among other things, the promotion of women in talent programmes and specifically addressing them in the recruitment process. As a result of these measures, the proportion of women at TUI AG increased from 13 % to 19 % at the first management level below the Executive Board and from 20 % to 24 % at the second management level below the Executive Board as of 30 June 2017. At these levels, however, staff turnover is very low. As a result, the proportion of women could only be increased slowly. Despite all the measures taken, the suitability and qualification of candidates for filling vacant positions are still of primary importance. In accordance with section 76 (4) of the German Stock Corporation Act (AktG), the Executive Board confirmed the target figures for the proportion of women of 20 % at the first management level below the Executive Board and 30 % at the second management level below the Executive Board, and decided that both targets should be achieved by 30 September 2020. SHAREHOLDERS AND ANNUAL GENERAL MEETING TUI AG shareholders exercise their co-determination and monitoring rights at the Annual General Meeting, which takes place at least once a year. The AGM takes decisions on all statutory matters, and these are binding on all shareholders and the Company. For voting on resolutions, each share confers one vote. All shareholders registering in due time are entitled to participate in the Annual General Meeting. Shareholders who are not able to attend the AGM in person are entitled to have their voting rights exercised by a bank, a shareholder association, one of the representatives provided by TUI AG and acting on the shareholders' behalf in accordance with their instructions, or some other proxy of their own choosing. Shareholders also have the opportunity of authorising the representative provided by TUI AG via the web in the run-up to the AGM. Shareholders can, moreover, register for electronic dispatch of the AGM documents. The invitation to the AGM and the reports and information required for voting are published in accordance with the provisions of the German Stock Corporation Act and provided in German and English on TUI AG's website. During the AGM, the presentations by the chairman of the Supervisory Board and the Executive Board members can be followed live over the Internet. RISK MANAGEMENT Good corporate governance entails the responsible handling of commercial risks. The Executive Board of TUI AG and the management of the TUI Group have comprehensive general and company-specific reporting and monitoring systems available to identify, assess and manage these risks. These systems are continually developed, adjusted to match changes in overall conditions and reviewed by the auditors. The Executive Board regularly informs the Supervisory Board about existing risks and changes to these risks. The Audit Committee deals in particular with monitoring the accounting process, including reporting, the effectiveness of the internal control and risk management systems and the internal auditing system, compliance and audit of the annual financial statements. More detailed information about risk management in the TUI Group is presented in the Risk Report. It also contains the report on the accounting-related internal control and risk management system required in accordance with the German Commercial Code (sections 289 (5), 315 (2) no. 5 HGB). Risk Report see page 30 TRANSPARENCY TUI provides immediate, regular and up-to-date information about the Group's economic situation and new developments to capital market participants and the interested public. The Annual Report and the Interim Reports are published within the applicable timeframes. The Company publishes press releases and ad hoc announcements, if required, on topical events and any new developments. Moreover, the company website at www.tuigroup.com provides comprehensive information on TUI Group and the TUI share. The scheduled dates for the principal regular events and publications - such as the AGM, Annual Report and Interim Reports - are set out in a financial calendar. The calendar is published well in advance and made permanently accessible to the public on TUI AG's website. DIRECTORS' DEALINGS The Company was informed by Alexey Mordashov (via Sungrebe Ltd. and Unifirm Ltd.), Peter Long and David Burling of notifiable purchase and sale transactions of TUI AG shares or related financial instruments by directors (directors' dealings or managers' transactions) concerning financial year 2017. Details are provided on the Company's website. Purchase and sales transactions by members of the boards were governed by the TUI Share Dealing Code, adopted by the Executive Board, alongside corresponding statutory provisions. The TUI Share Dealing Code stipulates above all an obligation to receive a permission for transactions with TUI AG's financial instruments. ACCOUNTING AND AUDITING TUI AG prepares its consolidated financial statements and consolidated interim financial statements in accordance with the provisions of the International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) as applicable in the European Union. The statutory annual financial statements of TUI AG, which form the basis for the dividend payment, are prepared in accordance with the German Commercial Code (HGB). The consolidated financial statements are prepared by the Executive Board, audited by the auditors and approved by the Supervisory Board. The interim report is discussed between the Audit Committee and the Executive Board prior to publication. The consolidated financial statements and the financial statements of TUI AG were audited by Deloitte GmbH WirtschaftsÂprüfungsgesellschaft, Hannover, the auditors elected by the 2017 Annual General Meeting. The audit was based on German auditing rules, taking account of the generally accepted auditing standards issued by the German Auditors' Institute as well as the International Standards on Auditing. It also covered the risk detection system and the compliance with reporting requirements on corporate governance pursuant to section 161 of the German Stock Corporation Act and Listing Rule 9.8.10. See audit opinion by the auditors on page 242 The condensed consolidated interim financial statement and management report as at 31 March 2017 was reviewed by the auditors. In addÂition, a contractual agreement was concluded with the auditors to the effect that the auditors will immediately inform the Supervisory Board of any grounds for disqualification or partiality as well as of all findings and events of importance arising during the performance of the audit. There were no grounds to provide such information in the framework of the audit of financial year 2017. Diversity concepts for the composition of the Diversity concept for the composition of the The diversity concept for the composition of the Executive Board takes into account the following diversity aspects: (a) Age As a rule, the employment contracts of members of the Executive Board end once the standard retirement age for statutory retirement insurance has been reached (currently 67). (b) Gender The Executive Board should include one woman. (c) Educational / professional background The necessity for a variety of educational and professional backgrounds already arises from the obligation to manage the company in accordance with the law, the company's articles of association and its terms of reference. In addition, the Executive Board as a whole, through its individual members, should possess the following essential background qualities:
Goals of the diversity concept for the composition of the Executive Board The standard retirement age on the one hand enables incumbent members of the Executive Board to contribute their professional and life experience for the good of the company for as long a time as possible. On the other hand, adherence to the standard retirement age is intended to promote regular rejuvenation of the board. Inclusion of both genders in Executive Board work is on the one hand an expression of the conviction of the Supervisory Board that mixed-gender teams lead to the same or better outcomes as teams with representation from only one gender. But it is also the logical continuation of the gender diversity measures implemented by the Executive Board within the wider company, which aim to increase the proportion of women in leadership roles. These measures are only to be applied and implemented in a credible manner if the Executive Board does not consist solely of male members ('proof of concept'). A variety of professional and educational backgrounds is necessary on the one hand to properly address the tasks and obligations of the law, the company's articles of association and its terms of reference. In addition, it is the view of the Supervisory Board that they are a guarantee of ensuring diverse perspectives on the challenges and associated approaches to overcoming them that are faced in the day-to-day work of the company. International management experience is of particular importance. Without such skill and experience with integrating, leading and motivating global teams, it is impossible to take into consideration the different cultural backgrounds of managerial staff and the workforce as a whole. Method of implementation of the diversity concept for the composition of the Executive Board A key aspect of applying the diversity concept to the composition of the Executive Board is inclusion of the Supervisory Board within the corÂporate organisation, as is prescribed by law, the company's articles of association and its terms of reference. This ensures the Supervisory Board is familiar with the strategic, economic and actual situation of the company. In its role as overseer of the management of the Executive Board, the Supervisory Board of TUI AG makes decisions on the allocation of business responsibilities within the Executive Board, appointments to the Executive Board and thus also workforce and succession planning within the Executive Board. As part of that workforce and succession planning, the Presiding Committee or the Supervisory Board itself regularly meets with the Executive Board or its members to discuss suitable internal succession candidates for Executive Board positions (emergency,medium-term and long-term scenarios). As part of these Supervisory Board and Committee meetings, or in preparation for them, members of the Supervisory Board have the opportunity to meet up with so-called high potentials within the Group in a professional and personal setting. The Presiding Committee and Supervisory Board make their own deliberations about these matters and also discuss them in the absence of the Executive Board. This includes evaluation and possible inclusion of external candidates for Executive Board positions in the selection process.In all of these deliberations, the above-mentioned diversity aspects of Executive Board appointments play a part in the decision-making of the Supervisory Board. The Supervisory Board also asks the Executive Board to report twice a year on current progress and implementation of family-friendly concepts (e. g. flexible work times and locations via, for instance, video- conferencing, part-time options, cultural change) and concrete measures for promotion of women (e. g. at least one woman on the final shortlist for any new or replacement appointments to roles within the senior leadership team). Results achieved in financial year 2017 With effect from 1 January 2017, Mr Frank Rosenberger was appointed (deputy) member of the Executive Board. The Supervisory Board resolved on 12 May 2017 a three-year extension of the appointment of Mr Sebastian Ebel. In addition, the appointments of Dr Elke Eller and Mr David Burling were extended for a further three years each by the respective Supervisory Board resolutions and the signing of the corresponding contracts in December 2017 (see overview of the Executive Board on page 102). It is the view of the Supervisory Board that Mr Rosenberger, Mr Ebel, Mr Burling and Dr Eller, by virtue of their diverse professional histories and individual backgrounds, will contribute to the diversity of the Executive Board. For anyone interested in further information, the CVs of these and all other members of the Executive Board are available on the company website, as well as further details communicated about the appointment decisions of the Supervisory Board. Diversity concept for the composition of the The diversity concept for the composition of the Supervisory Board takes into account the following diversity aspects: The terms of reference of the Supervisory Board of TUI AG stipulate a standard age limit of 68 for elections to the Supervisory Board. Furthermore, the Supervisory Board has determined a standard limit for membership of the Supervisory Board in accordance with the recommendation in point 5.4.1.(3) of the German Corporate Governance Code. As well as the statutory gender quota (section 96(2)(1) of the German Stock Corporation Act, (AktG) the Supervisory Board has set itself further goals in relation to its composition. These include e. g. the kind of international character and sector experience that diverse educational and professional backgrounds provide. Application of the law about the codetermination rights of employees also contributes greatly to ensuring diverse educational and professional backgrounds within the Supervisory Board of TUI AG. Goals of the diversity concept for the composition of the Supervisory Board The Supervisory Board is convinced that the diversity of its own composition sends an important signal both inside and outside the company. The age limit and standard membership term have the goal on the one hand of finding and retaining suitable candidates. Members of the board must possess sufficient professional experience and personal suitability for the position and have the necessary time available to perform the role. After familiarisation with the business model and the peculiarities of a vertically integrated company, the Supervisory Board considers the stability of board composition in the sense of continuity of corporate development to be equally important. On the other hand, the Supervisory Board should be looking at new approaches and new ideas on a regular basis, in order to further the continual development of the company and the business model. The Supervisory Board considers the age limit and standard membership term to be worthwhile instruments for achieving both goals. Other goals in relation to composition (including international character and sector experience) reflect the demands placed on the advisory and oversight body and its role within a globally active Group of companies operating in a challenging competitive environment. Multicultural and international experience of corporate integration is equally as importÂant for this as knowledge of the value drivers and success levers of the sector. In all of this, the effect and cultural features of the so-called stakeholder approach of a social market economy must be taken into account, which is also ensured on the Supervisory Board by the codetermination of employee representatives. Method of implementation of the diversity concept for the Supervisory Board Implementation of the goals pursued by the diversity concept is assured by the anchoring of its key components in law and in the company's terms of reference as well as the requirement for a Declaration of ÂCompliance in accordance with section 161 of the German Stock CorporÂation Act (AktG) on Corporate Governance within the company. As far as the shareholder side of the Supervisory Board is concerned, the Nomination Committee ensures that the binding and voluntary targets for the composition of the Supervisory Board are met. As part of regularly conducted efficiency audits, the Supervisory Board also undertakes a self-evaluation process, which includes aspects of its composition. Results achieved in financial year 2017 In the current financial year, no changes have been made to the diversity concept or the composition of the Supervisory Board. In accordance with the recommendation in point 5.4.1 (2) of the German Corporate Governance Code (version dated 7 February 2017) the Supervisory Board in its resolution of 14 September 2017 issued a competency profile for the composition of the board as a whole. From the point of view of the Supervisory Board, there is currently no further need for action in relation to diversity. On the shareholder side, both genders are equally represented, (50:50), and in terms of the board as whole, the proportion of women of 35 % is in excess of the statutory quota. With six different nationalities represented on the ÂSupervisory Board, its composition can be described as international. The diversity of professional and educational backgrounds of the individual members of the board is also evident from the yearly updated CVs of Supervisory Board members published on the corporate website. Anti-corruption and anti-bribery / Compliance TUI Group's Compliance Management System is a fundamental componÂent in our commitment to entrepreneurial, environmental and socially responsible operations and management. It is underlined by our membership in the UN Global Compact and therefore forms an indispensable part of TUI Group's corporate culture and our corporate governance activities. The strategic goal of TUI Group's Compliance Management System is to prevent misconduct and avoid liability risks for the Company, its legal representatives, executives and employees and protect the reputation of the Company. Compliance Management System TUI Group's Compliance Management System is based on a risk management approach and is built around three pillars: prevention, discovery and response, which, in turn, comprise a large number of internal measures and processes.
TUI Group's Compliance Management System focuses on the legal sub-areas anti-corruption, competition and anti-trust law, data protection, export controls and anti-money laundering. It defines the related pilot and standard operation of the Compliance Management System and the documentation of the roles, responsibilities and processes in these areas. The Compliance Management System applies to TUI AG and all German and foreign companies in which TUI AG directly or indirectly holds an interest of more than 50 % as well as other stakes directly or indirectly controlled by TUI AG (so-called 'managed Group companies'). Implementation of the Compliance Management System is recommended for investments not controlled by TUI AG (so-called 'non-managed Group companies'). In financial year 2016, TUI Group's Compliance Management System was subjected to a design audit by a leading auditing firm in accordance with auditing standard PS 980 published by the German Institute of Auditors. The audit confirmed that TUI Group's Compliance ManagementSystem has been designed to meet the requirements of that certification standard. In the run-up to the audit, the Group-wide Compliance Management System had been readjusted and compliance processes had been harmonised across the Group. Compliance structure TUI Group's Compliance structure supports those responsible in the task of communicating the values and rules and anchoring them in the Group. It ensures that Compliance requirements are implemented throughout the Group in different countries and cultures. TUI Group's decentralised Compliance structure includes Head Compliance Officers whose role is to implement and support the requirements of Group Legal Compliance. Under the aegis of the Chief Legal Compliance Officer, Group Legal Compliance work with the decentralised Compliance Officers to perform the following tasks at different management levels:
In addition, the Group has a Compliance Committee headed by the CFO and consisting of the HR Director, the Heads of Group External Affairs and Communications, Chief Legal Compliance Officer, Group Audit and representatives of the Group Works Council and the TUI Europe Forum. The committee meets on a regular basis as well as ad hoc in order to monitor implementation of the Compliance Management System and obtain reports about key indicators in this area. Compliance culture The Compliance culture forms the basis for an appropriate, effective Compliance Management System. It reflects management's fundamental attitude and conduct and the role of the supervisory body. It is expressed in our corporate value 'Trusted', appealing to our employees' personal responsibility and their honesty and sincerity in handling customers, stakeholders and employees. Code of Conduct/Suppliers' Code of Conduct The Code of Conduct, drawn up for the entire TUI Group, is a further embodiment of our Compliance culture and enshrines guiding principles for everyone to follow, from the Board members, executives and senior management to every Group employee. It defines minimum standards aimed at assisting our employees in their everyday work and providing orientation in conflict situations. TUI's Code of Conduct covers anti-Âcorruption, avoiding conflicts of interest and handling invitations and gifts appropriately. The Suppliers' Code of Conduct forms the counterpart to TUI's Code of Conduct. It details our ethical, social and legal expectations of our business partners. Moreover, business partners are required by contract to observe all national and international anti-corruption laws applicable to the supplier relationship. This places our business relationship with our partners on a solid legal and social basis. Compliance Rules In addition, the principles set out in the Code of Conduct are detailed in various policies and rules reflecting the legal requirements. This is supported by our Group-wide policy management, developing the standards for Group-wide policies and coordinating incorporation of the relevant internal stakeholder groups, e. g. other departments or the works council. This approach is designed to provide TUI Group with a set of policies which are as complete and comprehensible as possible without seeking overregulation. TUI Group's Compliance Rules offer guidance on appropriate conduct regarding gifts and invitations, data protection and compliance with trade sanctions. All groups of employees have thus been acquainted with policies of relevance to their everyday work. Compliance risk analysis In the financial year under review, the Compliance Programme focused on various issues including anti-corruption measures, protecting free and fair competition, data protection and the handling of trade sanctions including anti-money laundering. A software is used, above all for the above topics, to facilitate risk identification based on self-disclosure by TUI Group companies, with risks evaluated according to likelihood of occurrence and potential damage (including reputational damage). The results of the self-assessment are discussed with the companies affectedand are included in a Group-wide risk evaluation process. The results of the compliance risk identification process are used to derive corresÂponding risk-minimising measures, which are included in the annual plan of Group Legal Compliance and agreed with the relevant bodies. Monitoring of the implementation of the measures is automated. Risk analysis and prevention also includes the annual survey among 1,570 legal representatives and executives of TUI Group to identify potential clashes of interests. In the framework of the survey, they have to provide information on any interests held in TUI Group competitors or key business partners as well as other issues of relevance to Compliance. The survey carried out in the financial year under review was completed by 98.3 % of the respondents. No indications were found suggesting that there were any conflicts of interests. Preparations for the EU General Data Protection In the run-up to the EU GDPR, data protection, which was already a key priority for TUI Group, was intensified further in the financial year under review. Many measures were initiated, e. g. the structured coordination of all data protection specialist functions within the Company and the appointment of Data Protection Officers in nearly all relevant TUI Group companies (data protection governance). Compliance training Compliance training is a key element of TUI's Compliance Management System, with its focus on preventing misconduct, and a crucial component of TUI Group's Compliance culture. It is carried out according to a graded concept: managers and staff at TUI have all benefited from face-to-face teaching and online programmes. This enables all our executives and employees to acquaint themselves with Compliance and the underlying corporate values, regardless of their position in the company hierarchy and their geographical location. In the completed financial year, the online training programme was extended to include a refresher course on TUI's Code of Conduct, which has since been rolled out in the Group companies. In addition, TUI companies and sectors offered training schemes with their own specific focus, e. g. anti-corruption or appropriate handling of gifts and invitations, to raise awareness of the challenges they might face. Whistleblower system In agreement with various stakeholder groups TUI offers its managers and employees a Group-wide whistleblower system to enable serious infringements of the corporate values anchored in TUI's Code of Conduct to be reported anonymously and without reprisals. This whistleblowing system is currently available to staff in 47 countries. All reports are followed up in the interests of all stakeholders and the Company. Our top priority is to ensure confidentiality and handle information discreetly. Any incidents resulting from the use of the whistleblower system are reviewed by Group Legal Compliance in conjunction with Group Audit. Infringements are fully investigated in the interests of all our staff and the Company itself. In the completed financial year, a total of 57 reports were received through the SpeakUp Line. Apart from the SpeakUp Line, employees also used the opportuity to directly report infringements to their line managers or the Compliance contact in charge. A further 33 reports were received through these channels. They were followed up whenever there were any indications suggesting potential infringements of internal policies or the law. Out of the 90 reports submitted in total, 49 cases initially involved a suspected Compliance infringement, causing further investigations which in 16 cases resulted in disciplinary measures all the way to terminÂations of employment contracts. In the financial year under review, there were no infringements of a severe nature that would have given rise to a publication of such infringement. Business partner review (due diligence processes) The risk analysis carried out by Compliance shows that there is a risk of active and passive corruption because we operate in countries with a high corruption index. Moreover, the risk of TUI business partners being subject to trade sanctions or similar sanctions lists cannot be ruled out. TUI Group therefore carries out software-based screenings of selected business partners at regular intervals. The process involves checking the names of the business partners against international sanctions, terrorist and wanted persons lists. In the event of a match, we launch a range of measures, in extreme cases terminating the business relationship. In financial year 2017, we used this process to check around 26,500 business partners against Compliance criteria. The screening software initially flagged 1,258 of these business partners as potential 'hits' as their names were identical with or similar to names included in sanctions lists. These potential 'hits' were then further investigated. Ultimately, the business organisation cooperating with the corresponding business associates was informed in two cases, and in one case the business relationship was terminated. Remuneration Report A. Introduction The remuneration report outlines the remuneration of the members of the Executive Board of TUI AG as well as the remuneration of the members of its Supervisory Board in accordance with the articles of association. The remuneration report is based, in particular, on the recommendations of the German Corporate Governance Code (GCGC), the requirements of the German Commercial Code (Handelsgesetzbuch) and the German Stock Corporation Act (Aktiengesetz) and, to the extent practicable, the requirements of the UK Corporate Governance Code (UK-CGC). TUI AG is a German stock corporation that is also listed on the London Stock Exchange (LSE). Where mandatory provisions regarding the governance of or legal requirements for a German stock corporation are affected, these are disclosed in this report and placed in context with the UK-CGC, as required. B. Remuneration of the Executive Board I. Approval of the remuneration scheme by Âshareholders A new remuneration scheme was proposed for Executive Board members in financial year 2010 and approved by the shareholders of TUI AG at the Annual General Meeting on 17 February 2010. The scheme is designed to create incentives for sustained growth and robust financial performance in the TUI Group. Although common practice at many of the companies applying the UK-CGC, the shareholders of TUI AG do not vote on the remuneration policy on an annual basis. This also reflects the practice at most German stock corporations and is in compliance with the German Stock Corporation Act. II. General principles Following a recommendation from the Presiding Committee, the Supervisory Board determines in accordance with section 87(1) sentence 1 German Stock Corporation Act the remuneration of the individual Executive Board members. It also regularly reviews the remuneration scheme for the Executive Board. For further remits of the Presiding Committee, please see the report of the Supervisory Board from page 12 The following principles, in particular, are taken into account in this regard:
The remuneration scheme does not contain any malus or clawback terms. This position will continue to be monitored. III. Remuneration of the Executive Board in financial year 2017 In financial year 2017, the remuneration for the members of the Executive Board comprises: (1) a fixed remuneration; (2) an annual performance-based remuneration (Jahreserfolgsvergütung - JEV); (3) virtual shares of TUI AG in accordance with the Long-Term Incentive Plan (LTIP); (4) fringe benefits; (5) pension entitlements; and (6) a potential additional remuneration in cash or in virtual shares (additional remuneration). Details are set out below: 1. Fixed remuneration Purpose and link to company strategy Highly-qualified Executive Board members who are needed to develop and implement company strategy are to be attracted and retained. The remuneration should be commensurate with the abilities, experience and tasks of the individual Executive Board member. Procedure In determining the fixed remuneration the Supervisory Board takes into account, in particular, the relevant general principles. The fixed remuneration is paid in twelve equal instalments at the end of each month. If the service agreement begins or ends in the course of the financial year relevant for payment of the remuneration, the fixed annual remuneration will be paid pro rata for that year. The remuneration is generally reviewed when service agreements of Executive Board members are extended, and can be adjusted or revised for the term of the new service agreement. A review of the remuneration can also take place during the term of a service agreement in particular if there is a change with respect to the tasks or responsibility of an Executive Board member. 2. Annual performance-based remuneration (JEV) Purpose and link to company strategy The JEV is intended to motivate Executive Board members to achieve ambitious and challenging financial, operational and strategic targets throughout the financial year. The targets are reflective of the company strategy and aimed at increasing corporate value. Procedure The JEV is calculated on the basis of a group performance indicator and the individual performance of the Executive Board member. The performÂance reference period is the financial year of TUI AG. An individual target amount (Target Amount) is agreed for each Executive Board member in their service agreement. Since 1 October 2010 the performance target has been the reported earnings before interest, tax and amortisation of goodwill (Reported Group EBITA). The target value for the one-year performance reference period for the reported group EBITA performance target is set each year by the Supervisory Board. To measure performance, the target value will be compared with the corresponding actual value of the reported group EBITA as reported in the audited consolidated accounts of TUI AG to be prepared in accordance with the accounting rules in force at the time. The degree of target achievement is determined as follows:
Between 50 % below target value and target value, linear interpolation between 0 % and 100 % will be used to determine the degree of target achievement. Between target value and 50 % above target value, linear interpolation between 100 % and 187.5 % will be used to determine the degree of target achievement. The degree of target achievement will be rounded to two decimal places, as is customary in commercial practice. At the discretion of the Supervisory Board, the degree of target achievement for the performance target can be multiplied by a factor of between 0.8 and 1.2, based on the Executive Board member's achievement of individual performance targets and other performance indicators such as customer satisfaction and / or employee satisfaction metrics. The value resulting from the multiplication of the target amount by the degree of target achievement for the reported group EBITA and the discretionary multiplier will be paid out in cash in the month in which the Supervisory Board approves the annual accounts of TUI AG for the respective financial year. If the service agreement begins or ends in the course of the relevant financial year, the claims for payment of the JEV will generally be pro rata. Cap The JEV is capped annually and individually for each Executive Board member; for the figures, see the table on page 121. In accordance with section 87(1) sentence 3 German Stock Corporation Act, the Supervisory Board is entitled to limit the amount of the JEV to allow for extraordinary circumstances (e. g. takeover of the company, sale of parts of the company, uncovering of hidden reserves, external influences). 3. Virtual shares according to the Long-Term ÂIncentive Plan (LTIP) 3.1 Calculation method Purpose and link to company strategy The long-term objective is to increase corporate and shareholder value by defining ambitious goals that are closely linked to the company's earnings, share price performance and dividends. Procedure The LTIP is a performance share plan based on virtual shares and is assessed over a period of four years (Performance Reference Period). Virtual shares are granted in annual tranches, For Executive Board members, an individual target amount (Target Amount) is agreed in the service agreement. At the beginning of each financial year a provisional number of virtual shares, commensurate with the target amount, will be set. This will constitute the basis for the determination of the final performance-based payment for the tranche in question at the end of the respective performance reference period. To set this number, the target amount will be divided by the average Xetra price of TUI AG shares over the 20 trading days prior to the beginning of the performance reference period (1 October of each year). The claim to a payment only arises upon expiry of the performance reference period and depends on whether or not the respective performance target is achieved. The performance target for determining the amount of the final payout at the end of the performance reference period is the development of the total shareholder return (TSR) of TUI AG relative to the development of the TSR of the Dow Jones Stoxx 600 Travel & Leisure (Index), whereby the ranking of the TUI AG TSR in relation to the index companies will be monitored over the entire performance reference period. The TSR is the aggregate of all share price increases plus the gross dividends paid over the performance reference period. Data from a reputable data provider (e. g. Bloomberg, Thomson Reuters) will be used for the purpose of establishing the TSR values for TUI AG and the index. The reference for the purpose of determining the rankings is the composition of the index on the last day of the performance reference period. The values for companies that were not listed over the entire performance reference period will be factored in on a pro rata basis. The level of target achievement is established as follows depending on the ranking of the TSR of TUI AG relative to the TSR values of the index companies over the performance reference period:
For performance between the third to bottom and the third to top rank, linear interpolation will be used to determine the level of target achievement at between 25 % and 175 %. The degree of target achievement will be rounded to two decimal places, as is customary in commercial practice. To determine the final number of virtual shares, the degree of target achievement will be multiplied by the provisional number of virtual shares on the final day of the performance reference period. The payout is determined by multiplying the final number of virtual shares by the average Xetra price of TUI AG shares over the 20 trading days prior to the end of the performance reference period (30 September of each year). The payout which is calculated in this way will be due in the month of the approval of the annual accounts of TUI AG for the fourth financial year of the performance reference period and is paid out in cash. If the service agreement begins or ends in the course of the financial year relevant for the grant of the LTIP, the claims for payment of the same will generally be pro rata. Cap The LTIP is capped annually and individually for each Executive Board member; for the figures, see the table on page 121. 3.2 Development of aggregate virtual shares of Âcurrent Executive Board members in financial year 2017 On 30 September 2017, former Executive Board members held no virtual shares in TUI AG (previous year: no virtual shares) that were granted after the merger of TUI AG and TUI Travel PLC (TUI Travel) in December 2014 (the Merger).
* Decrease corresponds to amounts paid for LTIP-tranches that ended in financial year 2017 (see table on remuneration paid acc. to DCGK) 3.3 Expenditure for the LTIP of current Executive Board members acc. to IFRS 2
The table shows the individual amounts of the total expenditure arising from the addition to the provisions to be formed pro rata acc. to IFRS 2 for all of the LTIP tranches to be granted during the term of the respective service agreements. Acc. to IFRS 2, there are provisions totalling EUR 8,585.0 thousand (previous year: EUR 6,693.1 thousand) to cover entitlements under TUI AG's LTIP for current Executive Board members. Acc. to the German Commercial Code, there are provisions totalling EUR 4,625.8 thousand (previous year: EUR 3,299.2 thousand) for LTIP tranches currently in the lock-up period. There are liabilities in accordance with IFRS and the German Commercial Code totalling EUR 1,604.6 thousand (previous year: EUR 1,896.0 thousand). 4. Fringe benefits Purpose and link to company strategy Fringe benefits offered should be competitive on the market for highly qualified Executive Board members. Procedure Executive Board members receive the following fringe benefits:
TUI AG provides insurance cover for accidents to the customary extent for Mr Joussen, Dr Eller, Mr Baier, Mr Ebel and Mr Rosenberger and will pay the corresponding insurance contributions for the terms of their service agreements. The coverage amounts to EUR 1,500.0 thousand for death and EUR 3,000.0 thousand for disablement. Furthermore, Mr Joussen, Dr Eller, Mr Baier, Mr Ebel and Mr Rosenberger receive an allowance towards health and long-term care insurance in the amount payable if the respective Executive Board member were an employee, but no more than half of each insurance premium. Insofar as this is permitted by law, Mr Burling will remain a beneficiary, at the expense of TUI AG, of the UK term life, vocational disability and health insurance programmes. TUI AG also takes out criminal law protection insurance that provides cover for the Executive Board members regarding criminal and misdemeanour proceedings, if these proceedings are based on an act or a failure to act in the exercise of their duties for TUI AG. TUI AG also takes out a suitable financial liability insurance policy (D&O insurance) coverage for the Executive Board members to cover possible claims brought under private law on the basis of statutory liability provisions against one or more of the Executive Board members by a third party or the company for damages for a breach of duty committed in the exercise of their duties. The D&O insurance provides for a deductible of 10 % of the damage up to 150 % of the fixed annual remuneration. Amount The value of the company car, free holidays and insurance benefits received annually by an individual Executive Board member normally does not exceed EUR 150.0 thousand. The fringe benefits are taken into account within the scope of the maximum remuneration listed on page 121. 5. Pension benefits 5.1 Operating principles Purpose and link to company strategy Highly-qualified Executive Board members who are needed to develop and implement company strategy are to be acquired and retained. The pension benefits should be competitive on the market for highly qualified Executive Board members and should provide them with a corresponding level of benefits in their retirement. Procedure Benefits in the form of pensions are paid to former Executive Board members if they reach the predefined age limit or are permanently incapacitated. The Executive Board members are not entitled to receive transition payments upon leaving the Executive Board, with the exception of Mr Ebel who has an acquired right to receive transition payments under a legacy contract. With regard to pension entitlements, different principles apply to Mr Joussen, Dr Eller, Mr Baier, Mr Ebel and Mr Rosenberger on the one hand and Mr Burling on the other hand due to the legacy systems in Germany and the UK. Mr Joussen, Dr Eller, Mr Baier, Mr Ebel and Mr Rosenberger are entitled to pensions according to the pension commitments granted to Executive Board members of TUI AG (TUI AG Pension Scheme). These Executive Board members receive, on an annual basis, a contractually agreed amount that is paid into an existing pension account for the respective Executive Board member. The contributions to the company pension scheme of Mr Joussen, Dr Eller, Mr Baier and Mr Ebel carry an interest rate established in the pension commitment. The interest rate stands at 5 % p.a. The annual interest for Mr Rosenberger's contributions to the company pension scheme is established by the company at its reasonable discretion in such a way that it does not exceed 5 %. The beneficiary may choose between a one-off payment, payment by instalments or pension payments. The amounts agreed on in the service agreements of the aforementioned Executive Board members are:
Should Mr Joussen, Dr Eller, Mr Baier, Mr Ebel and Mr Rosenberger retire from TUI AG before the normal retirement date due to an ongoing occupational disability, they will receive an occupational disability pension until they are able to work again, but at most until they reach the normal retirement date. Under certain circumstances, spouses, partners or cohabitants of the Executive Board members will, should the respective Executive Board member die, receive a survivor's pension worth 60 % of the pension for their lifetime or until remarriage. Children of Executive Board members will, should the respective Executive Board member die, receive an orphan's pension, paid no longer than until they reach the age of 27 at the latest. Children who have lost one parent will receive 20 % of the pension, and those who have lost both parents will receive 25 %. This claim is subject to the prerequisite that the child meets the requirements set out in section 32(3), (4), sentence 1 nos. 1 to 3 and (5) German Income Tax Act (Einkommensteuergesetz). Mr Burling receives a fixed annual amount of EUR 225.0 thousand paid out in cash for his pension. 5.2 Pension provisions for the current Executive Board members under the TUI AG pension Âcommitments At 30 September 2017, pension obligations for current Executive Board members totalled EUR 19,731.2 thousand (previous year balance sheet date: EUR 19,055.8 thousand) according to IAS 19. This includes EUR 4,501.3 thousand (previous year balance sheet date: EUR 5,317.8 thousand) for claims earned by Mr Ebel during the course of his work for the TUI Group up until 31 August 2006. The remaining claims can be broken down as follows:
According to commercial law provisions, the pension obligations for current Executive Board members amounted to EUR 15,738.4 thousand (previous year balance sheet date: EUR 13,404.8 thousand); this includes EUR 2,925.0 thousand (previous year balance sheet date: EUR 2,659.6 thousand) for claims earned by Mr Ebel during the course of his work for the TUI Group up until 31 August 2006. Where the above table shows a corresponding amount, the pension obligations for beneficiaries are funded via the conclusion of pledged reinsurance policies. 6. Potential additional remuneration in cash or in virtual shares (Additional Remuneration) Purpose and link to company strategy The additional remuneration is intended to compensate exceptional performance by Executive Board members. Procedure The Supervisory Board may grant additional remuneration in cash or in virtual shares in the case of special circumstances or exceptional performance such as an extraordinarily heavy workload due to major projects like transactions or the long-term takeover of other Executive Board departments, in the case of special successes in connection with the strategic further development of the business model as well as successful crisis management. The Supervisory Board determines whether and in what amount such additional remuneration will be paid. Cap The additional remuneration is capped annually and individually for each Executive Board member; for the figures, see table below. 7. Remuneration caps The following caps apply to the remuneration (remuneration components and total remuneration) payable to Executive Board members for a financial year:
1 Full-year values (12 months), possibly pro rated caps: see table on p. 123 2 Fixed amount, no cap applied 3 Contractually agreed cap for total remuneration (incl. fixed remuneration, JEV, LTIP, pension, additional remuneration and fringe benefits) IV. Payments in case of premature departure of an Executive Board member The payments to be made to an Executive Board member on the premature termination of his service agreement without good cause have in principle been limited in the service agreements of Messrs. Joussen and Baier to an amount equal to twice their annual remuneration. It has been agreed in the service agreements of Dr Eller, Mr Ebel, Mr Burling and Mr Rosenberger that payments to be made on the premature termination of their Executive Board membership without good cause may not - in the case of premature termination during the first year after the coming into force of the service agreement - exceed an amount equal to twice their annual remuneration and - in the case of premature termination after the end of the first year of the service agreement - an amount equal to their annual remuneration (severance pay cap). Payments upon premature termination shall not cover more than the remaining term of the service agreement for any member of the Executive Board. The severance pay cap is calculated on the basis of the target direct remuneration (fixed remuneration, target JEV and target LTIP) for the last expired financial year and, if relevant, the expected target direct compensation for the current financial year. If the service agreement is terminated extraordinarily without notice, no payments will be made to Executive Board members. In cases of premature termination of the service agreement, the annual performance-based remuneration (JEV) and payments according to the LTIP will be managed as follows:
The service agreements of the Executive Board members do not contain change of control clauses. V. Other payments/benefits for Executive Board members who left the board in financial year 2017 No members left the Executive Board of TUI AG in financial year 2017, so no benefits were granted or paid out. VI. Pension payments made to past Executive Board members In financial year 2017, the pension payments to former Executive Board members and their surviving dependants totaled EUR 13,497.1 thousand (previous year: EUR 4,933.2 thousand). Pension provisions for former members of the Executive Board and their dependants amounted as at the balance sheet date to EUR 64,683.5 thousand (previous year: EUR 78,976.5 thousand) as measured according to IAS 19, not including Mr Ebel's claims in the amount of EUR 4,501.3 thousand (previous year: EUR 5,317.7 thousand) which he earned before 31 August 2006 during the course of his work for the TUI Group. According to commercial law provisions, the pension obligations for former members of the Executive Board and their dependants amounted to EUR 55,074.1 thousand (previous year: EUR 62,846.3 thousand), not including Mr Ebel's claims in the amount of EUR 2,925.0 thousand (previous year: EUR 2,659.6 thousand) which he earned before 31 August 2006 during the course of his work for the TUI Group. VII. Overview: Individual Remuneration of Executive Board members 1. Individual Remuneration of Executive Board members for financial year 2017Â
1 Incl. fringe benefits (without insurances under Group coverage). 2 Disclosure of LTIP due to prolongation of service agreement until 30 November 2020 3 Pro rated disclosure of all remuneration components from 1 January 2017 4 Previous year's values include remuneration of Peter Long and William Waggott 5 Based on share price of the TUI AG share as at 4 October 2016 this corresponds for Mr Ebel to 116,369 virtual shares and for Mr Rosenberger to 107,797 virtual shares. For the purpose of setting the discretionary multiplier of between 0.8 and 1.2 used to calculate the JEV (procedure description see page 117) and the additional remuneration (procedure description see page 120) the Supervisory Board exercises its discretion within the framework of the service agreements of the members of the Executive Board. The basis for the Supervisory Board's decision regarding the discretionary multiplier for calculating the JEV was, among other things, the level of employee satisfaction (engagement index on Group level) determined as part of the TUIgether employee survey for the financial year 2017, which, compared with the previous financial year, remained at a consistently high level with a higher response rate. This outcome can be attributed to the fact that the members of the Executive Board have consistently implemented and achieved their own packages of measures defined on the basis of the results from the previous year, and have also steadily advanced the implementation of the measures through the management level below the Executive Board. In addition to that, the Supervisory Board also took into account, among other things, the successful introduction of the Global 60 Initiative that encourages employees to follow an international career, the huge progress in delivering a Group airline platform, and the promising efforts to initiate a solution for the German airline. The successful completion of the cultural integration as well as the realisation of synergies as a result of the merger were taken into account in the Supervisory Board's decision to set the discretionary multiplier at 1.1 when calculating the JEV for each member of the Executive Board. In terms of the additional remuneration, the Supervisory Board conÂsidered the exceptional achievements of each and every member of the Executive Board, especially in light of the geopolitical challenges. The successful management of the shift in demand from the eastern to the western Mediterranean due to, inter alia, the consistently low level of bookings for Turkey and coupled with a significant increase in hotel prices there, is the result of an excellent board performance. Moreover, management succeeded in compensating the Brexit-related slowdown in bookings and the price hike resulting from the depreciation of the British pound in the UK source market by means of extraordinarily good results in other source markets and in particular the hotels and resorts, and cruise business units. Last but not least, the Supervisory Board's decision recognizes the clear rise in the stock price in the period under review which is the result of, among other things, the perception in the capital markets of TUI AG's business model as being stable and robust owing to the consistent and highly successful expansion of its content portal as well as the sound financing. The LTIP amount disclosed in the table headed 'Individual Remuneration of Executive Board members for the financial year 2017' corresponds to the fair value at grant date (acc. to IFRS 2). This amount takes into account all allocations accumulated over the entire contract period. The table of the 'remuneration awarded' according to the GCGC shows the amount allocated in the respective financial year. As in the prior year, the members of the Executive Board did not receive any loans or advances in financial year 2017. Dr Eller received EUR 12.1 thousand from Nord / LB for her activities - which were approved by the Supervisory Board during her Executive Board membership in financial year 2017 - in supervisory boards or comparable domestic and foreign corporate supervisory bodies to be set up in accordance with section 125 German Stock Corporation Act, which activities were not carried out on the basis of a shareholding of TUI AG in the companies concerned. Mr Joussen acquired a claim for EUR 27.9 thousand for his seat on the supervisory board of SIXT SE in financial year 2017 that will become due and payable following the end of SIXT SE's financial year. This remuneration was not counted towards the remuneration paid to her by TUI AG as an Executive Board member. Pursuant to 4.2.5, attachment tables 1 and 2 GCGC, the two tables below (remuneration awarded and remuneration paid) show the benefits granted by TUI AG and the payments received. 2. Remuneration awarded
1 Joint-CEO until 9 February 2016; member of the Executive Board since 15 October 2012 2 For Mr Joussen, Mr Baier, Mr Ebel, Mrs Dr Eller and Mr Rosenberger service acosts acc. to IAS19; for Mr Burling payment for pension contribution 3 When contractually agreed cap for total remuneration to be paid is exceeded, LTIP is reduced proportionally. 3. Remuneration paid
1 Joint CEO until 9 February 2016; member of the Executive Board since 15 October 2012 2 For Mr Joussen, Mr Baier, Mr Ebel, Mrs Dr Eller and Mr Rosenberger service costs acc. to IAS19; for Mr Burling payments for pension contribution The remuneration paid for the last expired financial year shows the LTIP cash payment for the performance reference period 'LTIP 2014 - 2017' for Mr Joussen and Mr Baier. In his service agreement of 30 July 2012, a contractual advance payment of EUR 1,280.0 thousand was agreed with and paid to Mr Joussen for the performance reference period 'LTIP 2014 - 2017'. The payment was deducted from the entitlement for the entire performance reference period 'LTIP 2014 - 2017' that actually arose upon expiry of financial year 2017. In this respect, only the remaining difference of EUR 820 thousand is shown in the aforementioned table as remuneration paid. VII. Review of appropriateness of the remuneration and pensions of Executive Board members Following the end of financial year 2017, the Supervisory Board carried out the annual review of the remuneration and pensions of Executive Board members for financial year 2017. It concluded that these are appropriate in accordance with section 87(1) German Stock Corporation Act. The Supervisory Board also regularly makes use of external advisors when assessing the appropriateness of the remuneration and pensions of Executive Board members. This involves, firstly, assessing from an outside perspective the level and structure of the remuneration of Executive Board members in relation to the remuneration of senior management and the workforce as a whole (vertical comparison). In addition to a status quo review, the vertical comparison also takes into account how this relationship changes over time. Secondly, the remuneration level and structure are assessed on the basis of a positioning of TUI AG in a peer market made up of a combination of DAX and MDAX companies that are similar to TUI AG in terms of size and complexity of business (horizontal comparison). In addition to the fixed remuneration, the horizontal comparison also covers the short- and long-term remuneration components as well as the amount of company pension. For financial year 2017, the Supervisory Board commissioned the consultancy company hkp Group AG to prepare an expert report on the appropriateness of the remuneration level for Executive Board members. The partner of hkp Group AG commissioned by the Supervisory Board and responsible for carrying out the assessment is independent of the Executive Board of TUI AG and the company. The finding of the external advisor supported the judgment of the Supervisory Board that the level of remuneration of Executive Board members complies with section 87(1) German Stock Corporation Act as well as the recommendations of the GCGC. VIII. Remuneration of the Supervisory Board The provisions and remuneration of members of the Supervisory Board follow from section 18 of TUI AG's Articles of Association, which have been made permanently accessible to the public on the internet. The remuneration of the Supervisory Board is reviewed at appropriate intervals. In this regard the expected time required for the relevant duties and experience in companies of a similar size, industry and complexity are taken into account. Purpose and link to company strategy Highly-qualified Supervisory Board members are to be acquired and retained. Procedure Besides reimbursement of their expenses, the members of the SuperÂvisory Board receive a fixed remuneration of EUR 90.0 thousand per financial year, payable upon completion of the financial year. The chairman shall receive three times, and his deputies twice, the fixed remuneration of a Supervisory Board member. An additional fixed remuneration of EUR 42.0 thousand is paid for membership of committees (e. g. the presiding committee, the audit committee, the strategy committee and the integration committee that was dissolved in December 2016, but not the nomination committee). The chairman of the audit committee shall receive three times, and the chairman of the strategy committee twice, this remuneration. This remuneration is also paid out at the end of the respective financial year. The members of the Supervisory Board receive no further remuneration components and no fringe benefits. In all cases the remuneration relates to a full financial year. For parts of a financial year and for short financial years the remuneration shall be paid on a pro rata basis. The members of the Supervisory Board and the committees receive an attendance fee of EUR 1.0 thousand per meeting, regardless of the form the meeting takes. Moreover, the members of the Supervisory Board are included in any financial liability insurance policy (D&O insurance) taken out in an appropriate amount by the company in its own interests. The relevant insurance premiums are paid by the company. In line with the recommendation of the GCGC, there is a deductible for which the Supervisory Board members can take out their own private insurance. Cap There is no need to set a cap because the remuneration for the Supervisory Board members consists solely of fixed components. On 9 February 2016 the Annual General Meeting of TUI AG passed a resolution to change the remuneration of the Supervisory Board to fixed remuneration only as well as to adjust the amount of the fixed remuneration components. The new remuneration model applied retroactively as of 1 October 2015, which meant that the variable remuneration granted in accordance with the provisions of the articles of association applicable until 9 February 2016 and based on the long-term success of the company was no longer paid. This variable remuneration was based on the average undiluted earnings per share (EPS) carried in the consolidated financial statements for the respective last three financial years. At the time of redemption, the members of the Supervisory Board were still entitled to the long-term remuneration granted in financial years 2014 and 2015 because of the three-year vesting period. These entitlements were redeemed on the basis of EPS planned values for financial years 2016 and 2017. Reducing the remuneration of the members of the Supervisory Board for past and current financial years is not permitted under stock corporation law. For this reason it needed / needs to be checked, also upon completion of financial years 2016 and 2017, whether this has taken place with the change to the remuneration model by taking the EPS planned value for the relevant financial years as a basis. If using the EPSvalues actually achieved were to lead to higher long-term incentives than taking into account the planned values, the corresponding difference is to be paid to the relevant members of the Supervisory Board upon the close of the Annual General Meeting that will vote on the ratification of the acts of the Supervisory Board for the respective financial year. For the remuneration component granted in financial year 2014, it was found that, upon the close of the Annual General Meeting 2017, the actual EPS value of financial year 2016, EUR 1.78, was above the EPS planned value of EUR 0.81 taken as a basis for the redemption. The resulting difference was paid to the relevant members of the Supervisory Board accordingly and is shown in the following tables. Upon the close of the Annual General Meeting 2018 it will be determined whether, for the variable remuneration component granted in financial year 2015, a difference will have to be paid to the relevant members of the Supervisory Board based on the comparison of EPS planned values and actual EPS values of financial years 2016 and 2017. In addition, regarding the remuneration granted in financial year 2016, it will be reviewed - upon the close of the Annual General Meeting 2019 - whether applying the remuneration model valid until 9 February 2016 would have resulted in higher remuneration than applying the new model did. If this is the case, the corresponding difference has to be paid to the members of the Supervisory Board upon the close of the Annual General Meeting 2019. IX. Remuneration of the Supervisory BoardÂ
In addition, travel and other expenses totalling EUR 507.6 thousand (previous year: EUR 461.0 thousand) were reimbursed. Total remuneration of the Supervisory Board members, including reimbursement of travel and other expenses, thus amounted to EUR 4,302.2 thousand (previous year: EUR 5,181.6 thousand). X. Remuneration of individual Supervisory Board members for financial year 2017
Apart from the work performed by the employees' representatives pursuant to their contracts, none of the members of the Supervisory Board provided any personal services such as consultation or agency services for TUI AG or its subsidiaries in financial year 2017 and thus did not receive any additional remuneration arising out of this. The new remuneration scheme for the Executive Board as from A. Background Over recent years shareholders and proxy advisors - in particular from the UK - have repeatedly commented on the existing remuneration scheme for the Executive Board of TUI AG (existing remuneration scheme). They expressed the view, inter alia, that the target achievement corridors for variable remuneration (JEV and LTIP) were not ambitious enough. The discretionary elements and decisions anchored in the existing remuneration scheme allegedly lacked traceability and transparency. Although the existing remuneration scheme meets all statutory requirements and also results in appropriate compensation, the Supervisory Board believes, following the successful integration of TUI AG and former TUI Travel PLC, that the time has come to take the next step. The comments and requests from our - in some cases longstanding - UK shareholders and proxy advisors to revise the existing remuneration scheme are largely shaped by the environment of the Anglo-Saxon judicial area. As a result, the aforementioned positions reflect the recommendations of the UK-CGK and a different market practice as applied in the UK. Against this background and in view of current developments in how remuneration is structured in Germany, the Supervisory Board of TUI AG has unanimously adopted a new remuneration scheme for the Executive Board of TUI AG (new remuneration scheme), which it believes takes both perspectives into account. It shall apply retroactively with effect from the beginning of financial year 2018 to all Executive Board members with whom a new service agreement has been concluded on account of the changes to the remuneration scheme. B. Key remuneration components and changes In the following the key components of the new remuneration scheme and the changes to the existing remuneration scheme will be described. I. More transparent design of discretionary Âdecisions and no more discretionary bonuses The new remuneration scheme does away entirely with the Supervisory Board's previous option of granting additional remuneration on a discretionary basis (re. the option under the existing remuneration scheme: see p. 120 of the Annual Report). As before, the JEV depends on an individual performance factor in addition to target achievement in respect to group performance indicators (see below [B. III. 1. and IV. 1.]). Under the new remuneration scheme; the Supervisory Board shall determine the individual performance factor for the JEV for each Executive Board member (0.8 to 1:2) based on the achievement of three target categories: In addition to individual performance targets, this includes targets for the overall performance of the Executive Board and stakeholder targets. The Supervisory Board will establish the targets from these three categories and their relative weighting for each Executive Board member and financial year. II. Fixed remuneration The structure of fixed remuneration will remain unchanged. III. New group performance indicators for variable remuneration The annual variable remuneration (JEV) and multi-annual variable remuneration (LTIP) will take additional stakeholder relevant group performance indicators into account and there will be changes to perÂformance criteria used so far. 1. JEV The JEV will remain a variable remuneration related to the respective financial year. In future, the JEV will include three group performance indicators as opposed to previously one (Reported Group EBITA). 1.1 Earnings before taxes (EBT) replaces Reported Group EBITA The previous group performance indicator Reported Group EBITA will be replaced by EBT on a constant currency basis with a weighting of 50 %. This change in group performance indicators permits inclusion of the net financial result in the calculation. The adjustment for currency effects makes it possible to measure the actual management performÂance without distortion from currency-induced translation effects. 1.2 Return on invested capital (ROIC) as additional group performance indicator The newly introduced group performance indicator ROIC will be included in the JEV with a weighting of 25 %. The Reported Group EBITA and the average invested interest-bearing capital for the financial year will be weighed against each other to establish the ROIC of the TUI Group used to calculate the JEV. By applying the average assessment previously used in the Annual Report, seasonal fluctuations and differences in capital intensity of the business model specific segments of TUI AG can be taken into account and a return on equity target can be included in the annual variable remuneration. 1.3 Cash flow as an additional group performance indicator A cash flow component will also be included in the calculation as a third group performance indicator with a weighting of 25 %. For this purpose the cash flow will be determined using a simplified method, which is based on the management cash flow calculation and covers the liquidity parameters directly controlled by the Executive Board (depreciation, Working Capital, income from investments and dividends, net investments) on the basis of Reported Group EBITA, which will also be adjusted for foreign exchange effects for this purpose. 2. LTIP The LTIP shall remain a multi-annual variable remuneration on the basis of virtual shares of TUI AG with a four-year performance reference period. 2.1 Earnings per share (EPS) as an additional group performance indicator In future the LTIP will take into account average EPS development p. a. as an additional group performance indicator, which will be included with a weighting of 50 %. Average assessment over the four-year performance reference period is based on pro forma underlying earnings per share from continuing operations, as already reported in the Annual Report. 2.2 Relative total shareholder return (TSR) with Âaltered ranking In future, a percentile ranking will be applied to the TSR which has already been relevant so far. The relative TSR will be included with a weighting of 50 %. IV. Ambitious target achievement structure for Âvariable remuneration (JEV and LTIP)/Capping Âmaximum target achievement The target achievement corridors for the group performance indicators in the variable remuneration components JEV and LTIP will be more ambitious than before. 1. JEV 1.1 EBT The EBT component of the JEV must reach a threshold of at least 90 % of the earnings target (on a constant currency basis) (equals target achievement of 50 %), in order to be relevant for bonus purposes. Anything in excess of 110 % (on a constant currency basis) of the earnings target (corresponds to a target achievement of 180 %) is not included. 1.2 ROIC The ROIC component of the JEV will only be included in the JEV where the return on investment is no more than 3 % points below the defined target (corresponds to a target achievement of 50 %). In order to reach maximum target achievement of 180 % the target must be exceeded by 3 % points or more. 1.3 Cash flow The cash flow component of the JEV must reach a threshold of at least 90 % of the liquidity target (adjusted for foreign exchange effects) (corresponds to a target achievement of 50 %), in order to be relevant for bonus purposes. Anything in excess of 110 % of the liquidity target (corresponds to a target achievement of 180 %) is not included. 1.4 Cap The annual JEV is limited to 180 % (before taking the individual perÂformance factor into account). 2. LTIP 2.1 Relative TSR Where TUI AG achieves a percentile below the median value of the relevant benchmark group, the TSR target shall be factored into the LTIP at 0 %. A percentile on the median shall be deemed to correspond to a target achievement of 100 %. Where the percentile is equivalent to the maximum value 175 % of the TSR target is deemed to be achieved. 2.2 EPS If, during the four-year performance reference period, the EPS increases by less than 3 % p.a. in relation to the value of the last financial year before commencement of the performance reference period, this shall correspond to a target achievement of 0 %. An average increase p. a. of 3 % corresponds to a target achievement of 25 %. The maximum target achievement of 175 % is reached in the event of an average increase p. a. of 10 %. 2.3 Cap The maximum LTIP payment is limited to 240 % of the individual target amount per performance reference period (previously 300 %). V. Fringe benefits and company car The fringe benefits granted so far as well as the provisions on company cars shall essentially remain unchanged. VI. Payments in case of premature termination of ÂExecutive Board membership The provisions governing payments to Executive Board members in case of premature termination of Executive Board membership shall remain unchanged. VII. Pension benefits Previous pension commitments shall be continued unchanged. C. Suggestions not implemented in the new Âremuneration scheme I. Clawback or malus provisions The Supervisory Board generally acknowledges stakeholders' desire to introduce clawback or malus provisions that permit an adjustment of variable remuneration. However, such provisions are still largely uncommon within the German judicial area. They only recently became mandatory for certain financial institutions. So far it has yet to be clarified at the highest judicial level which principles (e. g. transparency and appropriateness of clawback / The Supervisory Board has therefore refrained from introducing clawback and malus clauses under the new remuneration scheme. It will also review in future whether clawback and malus clauses are to be included in the remuneration scheme for the Executive Board. II. Share Ownership Requirements The new remuneration scheme does not provide for any obligation to acquire company shares. Not least due to the limited time frame for trading in TUI financial instruments, the Supervisory Board believes Âvoluntary solutions to be preferable. In order to protect the capital market but also its corporate bodies and staff, TUI AG is bound by trading bans that are far stricter than those prescribed by law (e. g. four regular closed periods of up to 60 days, application of a restrictive TUI Share Dealing Manual). Recent cases demonstrate how difficult it is to determine a legally permissible and economically viable time for the acquisition of shares. Many Executive Board members of TUI AG voluntarily hold a relevant number of company shares. D. Procedure The Chairman of the Supervisory Board of TUI AG guided and managed drafting of the new remuneration scheme. The many stakeholder interests were incorporated into the process in a number of ways. The Supervisory Board Chairman and his Deputy Chairman (Sir Michael Hodgkinson) discussed suggestions from shareholders with large institutional investors at numerous meetings over the course of recent years. Members of the Supervisory Board with longstanding expertise as chairpersons or members of remuneration committees and / or non-executive directors in companies in the UK and other English-speaking countries played an important part in designing the new remuneration scheme. The chairman of the audit committee, with his expertise in performance indicators, and employee representatives on the Supervisory Board's executive committee were also involved. External remuneration and legal advisors introduced their suggestions into the process and reviewed the scheme. The external remuneration advisors conducted simulations of remuneration scenarios for the past and the future. Proposals from ExecuÂtive Board members on the new remuneration scheme were intensely debated and appropriately considered by the Supervisory Board. The new service agreements will be concluded on 12 December 2017 and Âretroactively take effect on 1 October 2017. They were the subject of intense discussion with the Executive Board members. The Supervisory Board and the Executive Board will present the new remuneration scheme to the Annual General Meeting 2018 for approval. The new remuneration scheme will also be described in the invitation to the Annual General Meeting 2018 in detail. Consolidated financial statements
Notes Principles and methods underlying the General The TUI Group with its major subsidiaries and shareholdings operates in tourism. TUI AG, based in Karl-Wiechert-Allee 4, Hanover is the TUI Group's parent company and a listed corporation under German law. The Company is registered in the commercial registers of the district courts of Berlin-Charlottenburg (HRB 321) and Hanover (HRB 6580). The shares in the company are traded on the London Stock Exchange and the Hanover and Frankfurt Stock Exchanges. These consolidated financial statements of TUI AG were prepared for the financial year 2017 comprising the period from 1 October 2016 to 30 September 2017. Where any of TUI's subsidiaries have different financial years, financial statements were prepared as at 30 September in order to include these subsidiaries in TUI AG's consolidated financial statements. The Executive Board and the Supervisory Board have submitted a Declaration of Compliance with the German Corporate Governance Code required pursuant to section 161 of the German Stock Corporation Act (AktG) and made it permanently available to the general public on the Company's website (www.tuigroup.com). The consolidated financial statements are prepared in euros. Unless stated otherwise, all amounts are indicated in million euros (EURm). The consolidated financial statements were approved for publication by TUI AG's Executive Board on 11 December 2017. Accounting principles Declaration of compliance Pursuant to Regulation EEC No. 1606/2002 of the European Parliament and Council, TUI AG's consolidated financial statements as at 30 September 2017 were prepared in accordance with the International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) as applicable in the European Union. Moreover, the commercial-law provisions listed in section 315a (1) of the German Commercial Code (HGB) were also observed in preparing the consolidated financial statements. The accounting and measurement methods and the explanatory information and Notes to these annual financial statements for financial year 2017 are generally consistent with those followed in preparing the previous consolidated financial statements for financial year 2016. Newly applied standards Since the beginning of the financial year 2017 the following standards amended or newly issued by the IASB became mandatorily applicable for the first time to TUI Group:
Going concern reporting according to the UK Corporate Governance Code The Executive Board remains satisfied with the Group's funding and liquidity position. At 30 September 2017, the main sources of debt funding included:
The credit facility requires compliance with certain financial covenants, which were fully complied with at the balance sheet date. In accordance with provision C1.3 of the UK Corporate Governance Code, the Executive Board confirms that it considers it appropriate to adopt the going concern basis of accounting in preparing the financial statements. Principles and methods of consolidation Principles The consolidated financial statements include all significant subsidiaries directly or indirectly controlled by TUI AG. Control exists where TUI AG has power over the relevant activities, is exposed to variable returns or has rights to the returns, and has the ability to affect those variable returns through its power over the investee. As a rule, the control is exercised by means of a direct or indirect majority of voting rights. If the TUI Group holds less than the majority of voting rights in a shareholding, it may exercise control due to contractual agreements or similar arrangements. In assessing control, the existence and effect of potential voting rights that are currently exercisable or convertible are taken into account. Consolidation of subsidiaries starts from the date TUI gains control. When TUI ceases to control the corresponding companies, they are removed from the group of consolidated companies. The consolidated financial statements are prepared from the separate or single-entity financial statements of TUI AG and its subsidiaries, drawn up on the basis of uniform accounting, measurement and consolidation methods and usually audited or reviewed by auditors. Associates for which the TUI Group is able to exert significant influence over the financial and operating policy decisions within these companies are accounted for using the equity method. As a rule, significant influence is assumed if TUI AG directly or indirectly holds voting rights of 20 to less than 50 per cent. Stakes in joint ventures are also measured using the equity method. A joint venture is a company managed jointly by the TUI Group with one or several partners based on a contractual agreement, in which the parties that jointly exercise control have rights to the company's net assets. Joint ventures also include companies in which the TUI Group holds a majority or minority of voting rights but in which decisions about the relevant activities may only be taken on an unanimous basis due to contractual agreements. The dates as of which associates and joint ventures are included in or removed from the group of companies measured at equity are determined in a manner consistent with that applied to subsidiaries. At equity measurement in each case is based on the last annual financial statements available or the interim financial statements as at 30 September if the balance sheet dates differ from TUI AG's balance sheet date. This affects 34 companies with a financial year from 1 January to 31 December and two companies with a financial year from 1 April to 31 March of the following year. Group of consolidated companies In financial year 2017, the consolidated financial statements included a total of 259 subsidiaries. The table below presents changes in the number of companies since 1 October 2016.
* Excl. TUI AG TUI AG's direct and indirect subsidiaries, associates and joint ventures are listed under Other Notes - TUI Group Shareholdings. 58 subsidiaries were not included in the consolidated financial statements. Even when taken together, these companies are of minor significance to the presentation of a true and fair view of the financial position and performance of the Group. The effects of the changes in the group of consolidated companies in financial year 2017 on financial years 2017 and 2016 are outlined below. While the value of companies deconsolidated in financial year 2017 posted in the statement of financial position is carried as per the closing date for the previous period, items in the income statement are also shown for financial year 2017 due to prorated effects. Developments already reported in the items Result from discontinued operations, Assets held for sale or Liabilities related to assets held for sale are not included in the tables below but are shown in the section on 'Discontinued operations'.
Acquisitions - divestments - discontinued operations Acquisitions In financial year 2017, the trade and assets of 20 travel agencies were acquired. Further, TUI acquired 99.99 % of the shares in French tour operator Transat France S.A., Ivry-sur-Seine, France (Transat) on 31 October 2016. The aim of the acquisition is to increase market presence in France. The acquisition included the purchase of the majority stakes in Transat Développement SAS, Ivry-sur-Seine, France, and in Tourgreece Tourism Enterprise A.E., Athens, Greece. The latter was sold again by the reporting date. The consideration transferred by TUI Group for all acquisitions consists exclusively of cash and totals EUR 64.0 m for Transat and EUR 3.9 m for the travel agencies. The difference of EUR 74.9 m, including EUR 72.2 m for Transat, between the consideration transferred and the acquired, revalued net assets was carried as goodwill. This goodwill essentially contributes to future earnings and cost savings potential.
At the time of acquisition, the gross amount of trade receivables amounted to EUR 19.2 m, the value adjustments to EUR 0.5 m. The gross amount of other assets amounted to EUR 17.2 m, the value adjustment to EUR 3.0 m. Measurement of the acquired assets and liabilities in the framework of the purchase price allocation for the acquisition of Transat Group was completed in financial year 2017. From November 2016 to September 2017, Transat generated turnover of EUR 422.4 m and a profit contribution of EUR 0.3 m. If Transat had already been consolidated on 1 October 2016, TUI Group's turnover would have been EUR 26.1 m higher and the after-tax result EUR 1.2 m lower in the reporting period. In the present financial statements, the purchase price allocations for the 18 travel agencies acquired in financial year 2016 and for Aeolos Group were finalised within the twelve-month period provided under IFRS 3 without a major impact on the consolidated statement of financial position. Divestments The divestment of Specialist Group is explained in the section on Discontinued operations. The effects of further divestments on TUI Group's net assets, financial position and results of operations were not material. Discontinued operations The result from discontinued operations includes subsequent expenses of EUR 2.0 m and income of EUR 6.7 m as well as income taxes of EUR 2.5 m from discontinued operations sold in the prior year. In the prior year, the result from discontinued operations comprised the result of Hotelbeds Group, sold on 12 September 2016, and LateRooms Group, sold on 6 October 2015. In the prior year, TUI AG had decided to sell the Specialist Group as there was limited linkage to TUI Group's remaining business and thus very little potential for integration into the Group's strategy. In the reporting period, the Specialist Group only comprised the tour operators combined under the Travelopia brand, offering in particular expedition travel, luxury tours, sporting events, student travel and sailing trips. The language schools business was sold in financial year 2016. The sale of Travelopia to Kohlberg Kravis Roberts & Co. L.P. was completed on 15 June 2017. The result from the sale is calculated as follows:
The purchase price comprises the cash received for the shares in the companies of Travelopia as well as the price for two loans granted to Travelopia. The result from the discontinued operation Specialist Group generated until the date of disposal is reported separately from the income and expenses of continuing operations in the consolidated income statement, shown in a separate line as 'Result from discontinued operations'. As the Specialist Group was already classified as discontinued operation in the prior year, there is no restatement of the prior year income statement.
While the prior-year reference period comprised the full financial year, the income statement for the completed financial year only comprises the period until 15 June 2017. The turnover generated in the prior-year reference period comprises the turnover from language travel until the date of disposal of these activities and the turnover generated in connection with the rugby and cricket world championships held last year. The carve-out of Travelopia from TUI Group's distribution activities resulted in a further decrease in turnover in the financial year. The overall cost of sales declined accordingly. On the other hand, turnover from sailing trips in particular increased. A further improvement in the result was driven by the suspension of depreciation since 30 September 2016 in line with IFRS 5. The measurement of the discontinued operation with the agreed purchase price less costs of disposal as at 31 March 2017 leaded to an impairment of EUR 47.4 m, shown in the income statement of the Specialist Group as impairment of goodwill. The consolidated cash flow statement shows the cash flows of the overall Group including the discontinued operations. The table below provides a separate presentation of the cash flows of the discontinued operation Specialist Group. Cash flows from intercompany relationships, in particular financing schemes, dividends, business transfers and sales of companies, are not taken into account. The cash outflow from investing activities includes the cash of EUR 423.6 m, which was held by the Specialist Group on disposal.
Foreign exchange translation Transactions in foreign currencies are translated into the functional currency at the foreign exchange rates at the date of the transaction. Any gains and losses resulting from the execution of such transactions and the translation of monetary assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currencies at the foreign exchange rate at the date of the transaction are shown in the income statement, with the exception of gains and losses to be recognised in equity as qualifying cash flow hedges. The annual financial statements of companies are prepared in the respective functional currency. The functional currency of a company is the currency of the primary economic environment in which the company operates. With the exception of a small number of companies, the functional currencies of all subsidiaries correspond to the currency of the country of incorporation of the respective subsidiary. Where subsidiaries prepare their financial statements in functional currencies other than the Euro, being the Group's reporting currency, the assets, liabilities and notes to the statement of financial position are translated at the rate of exchange applicable at the balance sheet date (closing rate). Goodwill allocated to these companies and adjustments of the fair value arising on the acquisition of a foreign company are treated as assets and liabilities of the foreign company and also translated at the rate of exchange applicable at the balance sheet date. The items of the income statement and hence the result for the year shown in the income statement are translated at the average rate of the month in which the respective transaction takes place. Differences arising on the translation of the annual financial statements of foreign subsidiaries are reported outside profit and loss and separately shown as foreign exchange differences in the consolidated statement of changes in equity. When a foreign company or operation is sold, any foreign exchange differences previously included in equity outside profit and loss are recognised as a gain or loss from disposal in the income statement through profit and loss. Translation differences relating to non-monetary items with changes in their fair values eliminated through profit and loss (e. g. equity instruments measured at their fair value through profit and loss) are included in the income statement. In contrast, translation differences for non-monetary items with changes in their fair values taken to equity (e. g. equity instruments classified as available for sale) are included in revenue reserves. The TUI Group did not hold any subsidiaries operating in hyperinflationary economies in the completed financial year, nor in the previous year. The translation of the financial statements of foreign companies measured at equity follows the same principles for adjusting carrying amounts and translating goodwill as those used for consolidated subsidiaries. Net investment in a foreign operation Monetary items receivable from or payable to a foreign operation, the settlement of which is neither planned nor likely in the foreseeable future, essentially constitute part of a net investment in this foreign operation. Foreign exchange differences from the translation of these monetary items are recognised in other comprehensive income. TUI Group has granted loans of this type in particular to hotel companies in Turkey and North Africa.
Consolidation methods The recognition of the net assets of acquired businesses is based on the acquisition method. Accordingly all identifiable assets and all liabilities assumed are measured at fair value as of the acquisition date. Subsequently, the consideration for the stake is measured at fair value and eliminated against the acquiree's revalued equity attributable to the acquired share. As in the prior year, the option to measure the non-controlling interests at their fair value (full goodwill method) was not used. Any excess of acquisition costs over net assets acquired is capitalised as goodwill and recognised as an asset for the acquired subsidiary in accordance with IFRS 3. Any negative goodwill is recognised immediately in profit and loss and presented as other income. When additional shares are purchased after obtaining control, the difference between the purchase price and the carrying amount of the stakes acquired is recognised directly in equity. The effects from sales of stakes not entailing a loss of control are also recognised directly in equity. By contrast, when control is obtained or lost, gains or losses are recognised in profit and loss. In the case of business combination achieved in stages (where the acquirer held an equity interest before he obtained control), the equity stake previously held in the acquired company is revalued at the fair value applicÂable at the acquisition date and the resulting gain or loss is recognised in profit or loss. For transactions involving a loss of control, the profit or loss does not only comprise the difference between the carrying amounts of the disposed stakes and the consideration received but also the result from the revaluation of the remaining shares. On loss of control of a subsidiary the gain or loss on derecognition will be calculated as the difference of the fair value of the consideration plus the fair value of any investment retained in the former subsidiary less the share of the book value of the net assets of the subsidiary. Any gains or losses previously recognised in equity from currency translations or the valuation of financial assets and liabilities will be reclassified to the income statement. When a subsidiary is sold, any goodwill allocated to the respective subsidiary is taken into account in the calculation of the profit or loss of disposal. The Group's associates and joint ventures are measured at equity and included at the cost to purchase as at the acquisition date. The Group's stake in associates and joint ventures includes the goodwill arising from the respective acquisition. The Group's share in profits and losses of associates and joint ventures is carried in the income statement as from the date of acquisition (Share of result from joint ventures and associates), while the Group's share in the total other comprehensive income is shown in its revenue reserves. The accumulated changes arising after the acquisition are shown in the carrying amount of the shareholding. When the share in the loss of an associated company or joint venture equals or exceeds the Group's original stake in this company, including other unsecured receivables, no further losses are recognised. Any losses exceeding that stake are only recognised to the extent that obligations have been assumed or payments have been made for the associated company or joint venture. Where the accounting and measurement methods applied by associates and joint ventures differ from the uniform accounting rules applied in the Group, the differences are adjusted. Intercompany receivables and payables or provisions are eliminated, as are intercompany turnover, other income and the corresponding expenses. Intercompany results from intercompany deliveries and services are reversed through profit and loss, taking account of deferred taxes. However, intercompany losses are an indicator that an asset may be impaired. Intercompany profits from transactions with companies measured at equity are eliminated in relation to the Group's stake in the company. Intercompany profits from transactions with companies measured at equity are eliminated in relation to the Group's stake in the companies unless these intercompany profits result from the usual deliveries effected or services rendered between Group companies. Intercompany transactions are provided at arm's length. Accounting and measurement methods The consolidated financial statements were prepared according to the historical cost principle, with the exception of certain financial instruments such as financial assets and derivatives held for trading or available for sale as well as plan assets from externally funded defined-benefit obligations held at fair value at the balance sheet date. The financial statements of the consolidated subsidiaries are prepared in accordance with uniform accounting and measurement principles. The amounts recognised in the consolidated financial statements are not determined by tax regulations but solely by the commercial presentation of the financial position and performance as set out in the rules of the IASB. Turnover recognition Turnover and other income is recognised upon delivery of the service or assets and hence upon transfer of the risk. The commission fees received by travel agencies for package tours are recognised once the travel agencies have performed their contractual obligations towards the tour operator. As a rule, this condition is met upon payment by the customers or, at the latest, at the date of departure. The services of tour operators mainly consist in organising and coordinating package tours. Turnover from the organisation of tours is therefore recognised in full when the customer departs. Turnover from individual travel modules booked by the customer directly with airlines, hotel companies or incoming agencies is recognised when the customers use the services concerned. Income from non-completed cruises is recognised according to the proportion of contract performance at the balance sheet date. The percentage of completion is determined as the ratio between travel days completed by the balance sheet date and overall travel days. Goodwill and other intangible assets Acquired intangible assets are carried at cost. Internally-generated intangible assets are capitalised at cost where an inflow of future economic benefits for the Group is probable and can be reliably measured. The cost to produce comprises direct costs and directly allocable overheads. Intangible assets with a finite service life are amortised over the expected useful life. Intangible assets acquired as a result of business combinations, such as customer base or trademark rights, are included at their fair value as at the date of acquisition and are amortised on a straight-line basis.
If there are any events or indications suggesting potential impairment, the amortised carrying amount of the intangible asset is compared with the recoverable amount. Any losses in value going beyond wear-and-tear depreciation are taken into account through the recognition of impairment charges. Depending on the functional area of the intangible asset, amortisation and impairment charges are included under cost of sales or administrative expenses. Intangible assets with indefinite useful lives are not amortised but are tested for impairment at least annually. In addition, impairment tests are conducted if there are any events or indications suggesting potential impairment. The TUI Group's intangible assets with an indefinite useful life consist exclusively of goodwill. Impairment tests for goodwill are conducted on the basis of cash generating units. Impairment charges are recognised where the carrying amount of the tested units plus the allocated goodwill exceeds the recoverable amount. The recoverable amount is the higher of fair value less costs of disposal and the present value of future cash flows based on continued use (value in use). The fair value less costs of disposal corresponds to the amount that could be generated between knowledgeable, willing, independent business partners after deduction of the costs of disposal. Impairment of goodwill is shown separately in the consolidated income statement. Property, plant and equipment Property, plant and equipment are measured at amortised cost. The costs to purchase include costs to bring the asset to a working condition. The costs to produce are determined on the basis of direct costs and directly attributable indirect costs and depreciation. Borrowing costs directly associated with the acquisition, construction or production of qualifying assets are included in the costs to acquire or produce these assets until the assets are ready for their intended use. To the extent that funds are borrowed specifically for the purpose of obtaining a qualifying asset, the underlying capitalisation rate is determined on the basis of the specific borrowing cost; in all other cases the weighted average of the borrowing costs applicable to the borrowings outstanding is applied. Depreciation of property, plant and equipment is based on the straight-line method, based on the customary useful lives. The useful economic lives are as follows:
Moreover, the level of depreciation is determined by the residual values recoverable at the end of the useful life of an asset. The residual value assumed in first-time recognition for cruise ships and hotel complexes is up to 35 % of the acquisition costs. The determination of the depreciation of aircraft fuselages and aircraft engines in first-time recognition is based on a residual value of a maxium of 5 % of the cost of acquisition. The payments made under a power by the hour arrangement relating to maintenance overhauls are capitalised as PPE under construction up to a maintenance event at which point the cost is transferred to the appropriate PPE category. Both the useful lives and residual values are reviewed on an annual basis when preparing the Group financial statements. The review of the residual values is based on comparable assets at the end of their useful lives as at the current point in time. Any adjustments required are recognised as a correction of depreciation over the remaining useful life of the asset. The adjustment of depreciation is recognised retrospectively for the entire financial year in which the review has taken place. Where the review results in an increase in the residual value so that it exceeds the remaining net carrying amount of the asset, depreciation is suspended. In this case, the amounts are not written back. Any losses in value going beyond wear-and-tear depreciation are taken into account through the recognition of impairment losses. If there are any events or indications suggesting impairment, the required impairment test is performed to compare the carrying amount of an asset with the recoverable amount. Investment grants received are shown as reductions in the costs to purchase or produce items of property, plant or equipment where these grants are directly allocable to individual items. Where a direct allocation of grants is not possible, the grants and subsidies received are included as deferred income under other liabilities and reversed in accordance with the use of the investment project. Leases Finance leases In accordance with IAS 17, leased property, plant and equipment in which the TUI Group assumes substantially all the risks and rewards of ownership is capitalised. Capitalisation is based on the fair value of the asset or the present value of the minimum lease payments, if lower. Depreciation is charged over the useful life or the lease term, if shorter, on the basis of the depreciation method applicable to comparable purchased or manufactured assets. Every lease payment is broken down into an interest portion and a redemption portion so as to produce a constant periodic rate of interest on the remaining balance of the liability. The interest portion is disclosed in the income statement through profit or loss. Financial instruments Financial instruments are contractual rights or obligations that will lead to an inflow or outflow of financial assets or the issue of equity rights. They also comprise derivative rights or obligations derived from primary assets. In accordance with IAS 39, financial instruments are broken down into financial assets or liabilities to be measured at fair value through profit and loss, loans and receivables, financial assets available for sale, financial assets held to maturity and other financial liabilities measured at amortised cost using the effective interest method (financial liabilities at amortised cost). In terms of financial instruments measured at fair value through profit and loss, the TUI Group holds derivative financial instruments mainly to be classified as held for trading as they do not meet the criteria as hedges in the framework of a hedging relationship according to IAS 39. The fair value option is not exercised. In addition, the TUI Group holds financial assets in the loans and receivables and available for sale categories. However, the present financial statements do not include any financial assets held to maturity. In financial year 2017 as well as in the prior year, no significant reclassifications were made within the individual measurement categories. Primary financial assets and financial liabilities Primary financial assets are recognised at the value as at the trading date on which the Group commits to buy the asset. Primary financial assets are classified as loans and receivables or as financial assets available for sale when recognised for the first time. Loans and receivables as well as financial assets available for sale are initially recognised at fair value plus transaction costs. Where objective information indicates that impairment charges are required, e. g. substantial financial difficulties of the counterparty, payment delays or adverse changes in regional industry conditions expected to impact the solvency of the Group's borrowers in the light of past experience, impairment charges are recognised at an amount corresponding to the expected loss. Impairment charges and reversals of impairment charges are included under cost of sales, administrative expenses or financial expenses, depending on the nature of the transaction. Financial assets available for sale are non-derivative financial assets either individually expressly assigned to this category or not allocable to any other category of financial assets. Within the TUI Group, they consist of investments in affiliated, non-consolidated subsidiaries, trade investments and other securities. They are allocated to non-current assets unless management intends to sell them within twelve months of the balance sheet date. Financial assets available for sale are measured at their fair value upon initial recognition. Changes in the fair value are included directly in equity until the disposal of the assets. If there is objective evidence of impairment, an impairment loss is taken through profit and loss. Objective evidence may, in particular, be substantial financial difficulties of the counterparty and significant changes in the technological, market, legal or economic environment. Moreover, for equity instruments held, a significant or prolonged decline in the fair value below its cost is also objective evidence of impairment. The TUI Group concludes that a significant decline exists if the fair value falls by more than 20 % below cost. A decline is assessed as prolonged if the fair value remains below cost for more than twelve months. In the event of subsequent reversal of the impairment, the impairment included in profit or loss is not reversed for equity instruments but recognised in other comprehensive income. Where a listed market price in an active market is not available for shares held in companies and other methods to determine an objective market value are not applicable, these equity instruments are measured at cost. As a matter of principle, the foreign exchange differences resulting from the translation of trade accounts payable are reported as a correction of the cost of sales. Foreign exchange differences from the translation of liabilities not resulting from normal operating processes are reported under other income / other expenses, financial expenses / income or administrative expenses, depending on the nature of the underlying liability. A derecognition of assets is primarily recognised as at the date on which the rights for payments from the asset expire or are transferred and therefore as at the date essentially all risks and rewards of ownership are transferred. Primary financial liabilities are included in the consolidated statement of financial position if an obligation exists to transfer cash and cash equivalents or other financial assets to another party. First-time recognition of a primary liability is recognised at its fair value. For loans taken out, the nominal amount received is reduced by discounts obtained and borrowing costs paid. In the framework of follow-up measurement, primary financial liabilities are measured at amortised cost based on the effective interest method. Derivative financial instruments and hedging At initial measurement, derivative financial instruments are measured at the fair value attributable to them on the date the contract is entered into. Subsequent re-measurement is also recognised at the fair value applicable at the respective balance sheet date. Where derivative financial instruments are not part in the framework of IAS 39 of a hedge in connection with hedge accounting, they are classified as held for trading. The method used to recognise profits and losses depends on whether the derivative financial instrument has been classified as a hedge and on the type of underlying hedged item. Changes in the fair values of derivative financial instruments are recognised in profit and loss unless they are classified as a hedge in accordance with IAS 39. If they are classified as an effective hedge in accordance with IAS 39, the transaction is recognised as a hedge. The TUI Group applies the hedge accounting provisions relating to hedging of balance sheet items and future cash flows. Depending on the nature of the underlying transaction, the Group classifies derivative financial instruments either as fair value hedges against exposure to changes in the fair value of assets or liabilities or as cash flow hedges against variability in cash flows from highly probable future transactions. Upon conclusion of the transaction, the Group documents the hedge relationship between the hedge and the underlying item, the risk management goal and the underlying strategy. In addition, a record is kept of the assessment, both at the beginning of the hedge relationship and on a continual basis, as to whether the derivatives used for the hedge are highly effective in compensating for the changes in the fair values or cash flows of the underlying transactions. Changes in the fair value of derivatives used as fair value hedges for the recognised assets or liabilities are recognised through profit and loss. Moreover, the carrying amounts of the underlying transactions are adjusted through profit and loss for the gains or losses resulting from the hedged risk. The effective portion of changes in the fair value of derivatives forming cash flow hedges is recognised in equity. Any ineffective portion of such changes in the fair value, by contrast, is recognised immediately in the income statement through profit and loss. Amounts taken to equity are reclassified to the income statement and included as income or expenses in the period in which the hedged item has an effect on results. If a hedge expires, is sold or no longer meets the criteria of IAS 39 for hedge accounting, the cumulative gain or loss remains in equity and is only recognised in the income statement through profit and loss when the originally hedged future transaction occurs. If the future transaction is no longer expected to take place, the cumulative gains or losses recognised directly in equity are recognised immediately through profit and loss. Inventories The measurement method applied to similar inventory items is the weighted average cost formula. Cash and cash equivalents Cash and cash equivalents comprise cash, call deposits, other current highly liquid financial assets with an original term of a maximum of three months and current accounts. Overdrawn current accounts are shown as liabilities to banks under current financial liabilities. Equity Ordinary shares are classified as equity. Costs directly allocable to the issue of new shares or conversion options are taken to equity on a net after-tax basis as a deduction from the issuance proceeds. Own shares The group's holdings in its own equity instruments are shown as deductions from shareholders' equity at cost, including directly attributable transaction costs. No gain or loss is recognised in the income statement on the purchase or sale of shares. Any difference between the proceeds from sale and the original cost are taken to reserves. Pension Provisions The pension provision recognised for defined benefit plans corresponds to the net present value of the defined benefit obligations (DBOs) as at the balance sheet date less the fair value of the plan assets. If the value of the plan assets exceeds the value of the DBO, the excess amount is shown within other assets. Measurement of such an asset is limited to the net present value of the value in use in the form of reimbursements from the plan or reductions in future contribution payments. The DBOs are calculated annually by independent actuaries using the projected unit credit method. For defined contribution plans, the Group pays contributions to public or private pension insurance plans on the basis of a statutory or contractual obligation or on a voluntary basis. The Group does not have any further payment obligations on top of the payment of the contributions. The contributions are recognised under staff costs when they fall due. Other Provisions Other provisions are formed when the Group has a current legal or constructive obligation as a result of a past event, where in addition it is probable that assets will be impacted by the settlement of the obligation and the level of the provision can be reliably determined. Where a large number of similar obligations exist, the probability of a charge over assets is determined on the basis of this group of obligations. A provision is also recognised if the probability of a charge over assets is low in relation to an individual obligation contained in this group. Provisions are measured at the present value of the expected expenses, taking account of a pre-tax interest rate, reflecting current market assessments of the time value of money and the risks specific to the liability. Risks already taken into account in estimating future cash flows do not affect the discount rate. Increases in provisions due to accretion of interest are recognised as interest expenses through profit or loss. Deferred taxes Expected tax savings from the use of tax losses carried forward assessed as recoverable in the future are recognised as deferred tax assets. Regardless of the unlimited ability to carry German tax losses forward which continues to exist, the annual utilisation is limited by the minimum taxation. Foreign tax losses carried forward frequently have to be used within a given country-specific time limit and are subject to restrictions concerning the use of these losses carried forward for profits on ordinary activities, which are taken into account accordingly in the measurement. Income tax is directly charged or credited to equity if the tax relates to items directly credited or charged to equity in the same period or some other period. Deferred tax assets are recognised to the extent that it is probable that future taxable profits will be available against which the temporary difference or an unused tax loss can be utilised. Deferred taxes are measured at the tax rates and tax provisions applicable at the balance sheet date or adopted by law and expected to be applicable at the date of recognition of the deferred tax asset or the payment of the deferred tax liability. Current income taxes Deferred and current income tax liabilities are offset against the corresponding tax assets if they exist in the same fiscal territory and have the same nature and maturity. Share-based payments All share-based payment schemes in the Group are cash-settled or equity-settled. For cash-settled transactions, the resulting liability for the Group is charged to expenses at its fair value as at the date of the performance of the service by the beneficiary. Until settlement of the liability, the fair value of the liability is re-measured at every closing date and all changes in the fair value are recognised through profit and loss. For equity-settled transactions the fair value of the awards granted is recognised under staff costs with a corresponding direct increase in equity. The fair value is determined at the point when the awards are granted and spread over the vesting period during which the employees become entitled to the awards. The method for the calculation of the granted awards is described in Note 37. Summary of selected accounting and measurement methods The table below lists the key accounting and measurement methods used by the TUI Group.
Key estimates and judgements The presentation of the assets, liabilities, provisions and contingent liabilities shown in the consolidated financial statements is based on estimates and judgements. Any uncertainties are appropriately taken into account in determining the values. All estimates and judgements are based on the conditions and assessments as at the balance sheet date. In evaluating the future development of business, reasonable assumptions were made regarding the expected future economic environment in the business areas and regions in which the Group operates. Estimates and judgements that may have a material impact on the amounts reported as assets and liabilities in the TUI Group are mainly related to the following balance sheet-related facts and circumstances:
Despite careful preparation of the estimates, actual results may differ from the estimate. In such cases, the assumptions and the carrying amounts of the assets and liabilities concerned, if necessary, are adjusted accordingly. As a matter of principle, changes in estimates are taken into account in the financial year in which the changes have occurred and in future periods. Goodwill The goodwill reported as at 30 September 2017 has a carrying amount of EUR 2,889.5 m (previous year EUR 2,853.5 m). The determination of the recoverable amount of a Cash Generating Unit (CGU) for the annual impairment test requires estimates and judgement with regard to the methodology used and the assumptions, which may have a considerable effect on the recoverable amount and the level of a potential impairment. They relate, in particular, to the weighted average cost of capital (WACC) after income taxes, used as the discounting basis, the growth rate in perpetuity and the forecasts for future cash flows including the underlying budget assumptions based on corporate planning. Changes in these assumptions may have a substantial impact on the recoverable amount and the level of a potential impairment. Acquisition of companies and intangible assets In accounting for business combinations, the identifiable assets, liabilities and contingent liabilities acquired have to be measured at their fair values. In this context, cash flow-based methods are regularly used. Depending on the assumptions underlying such methods, different results may be produced. In particular, some judgement is required in estimating the economic useful lives of intangible assets and determining the fair values of contingent liabilities. Detailed information on acquisitions of companies or useful lives of intangible assets is provided in the section 'Acquisitions - divestments - discontinued operation' in the note on 'Principles and methods of consolidation' and in the section on 'Goodwill and other intangible assets' of the note 'Accounting and measurement methods'. Property, plant and equipment The measurement of wear-and-tear to property, plant and equipment items entails estimates. The carrying amount of property, plant and equipment as at 30 September 2017 totals EUR 4,253.7 m (previous year EUR 3,714.5 m). In order to review the amounts carried, an evaluation is carried out on a regular basis to assess whether there are any indications of a potential impairment. These indications relate to a number of areas and factors, e. g. the market-related or technical environment but also physical condition. If any such indication exists, management must estimate the recoverable amount on the basis of expected cash flows and appropriate interest rates. Further, essential estimates and judgements include the definition of economic useful lives and the residual values of items of property, plant and equipment which may be recovered. More detailed information on the useful lives and residual values of property, plant and equipment items is provided in the section 'Property, plant and equipment' in the note 'Accounting and measurement methods'. Pension provisions As at 30 September 2017, the carrying amount of provisions for pensions and similar obligations totals EUR 1,127.4 m (previous year EUR 1,450.9 m). For those pension plans where the plan assets exceed the obligation, other assets amounting to EUR 57.0 m are shown as at 30 September 2017 (prior year EUR 36.2 m). In order to determine the obligations under defined benefit pension schemes, actuarial calculations are used which rely on underlying assumptions concerning life expectancy and the discount rate. At the balance sheet date, the fair value of the plan assets totals EUR 2,631.3 m (previous year EUR 2,740.0 m). As assets classified as plan assets are never available for short-term sale, the fair values of these plan assets may change significantly up to the realisation date. Detailed information on actuarial assumptions is provided under Note 29. Other provisions As at 30 September 2017, other provisions of EUR 1,151.3 m (previous year EUR 1,177.8 m) are reported. When recognising and measuring provisions, assumptions are required about probability of occurrence, maturity and level of risk. Determining whether a current obligation exists is usually based on review by internal or external experts. The amount of provision is based on expected expenses, and is either calculated by assessing the specific case in the light of empirical values, outcomes from comparable circumstances, or else estimated by experts. Due to the uncertainties associated with assessment, actual expenses may deviate from estimates so that unexpected charges may result. More detailed information on other provisions is provided in the Notes to the statement of financial position in Note 30. Deferred tax assets As at 30 September 2017, deferred tax assets totalling EUR 323.7 m (previous year EUR 344.7 m) were recognised. Prior to offsetting against deferred tax liabilities, deferred tax assets total EUR 646.5 m, included an amount of EUR 198.1 m (previous year EUR 211.5 m) for recognised losses carried forward. The assessment of the recoverability of deferred tax assets is based on the ability of the respective Group company to generate sufficient taxable income. TUI therefore assesses at every balance sheet date whether the recoverability of expected future tax savings is sufficiently probable in order to recognise deferred tax assets. The assessment is based on various factors including internal forecasts regarding the future tax asset situation of the Group company. If the assessment of the recoverability of future deferred tax assets changes, impairment charges may be recognised, if necessary, on the deferred tax assets. More detailed information on deferred tax assets is available in the Notes to the statement of financial position in Note 20. Income taxes The Group is liable to pay income taxes in various countries. Key estimates are required when determining income tax liabilities, including the probability, the timing and the size of any amounts that may become payable. For certain transactions and calculations the final tax charge cannot be determined during the ordinary course of business. After taking appropriate external advice, the Group makes provisions or discloses contingencies for uncertain tax positions based on the probable or possible level of additional taxes that might be incurred. The level of obligations for expected tax audits is based on an estimation of whether and to what extent additional income taxes will be due. Judgements are corrected, if necessary, in the period in which the final tax charge is determined. Recoverable Amounts of touristic prepayments At 30 September 2017, the carrying amount of touristic prepayments totals EUR 758.6 m (previous year EUR 724.2 m). The assessment of the recoverable amounts of touristic prepayments made to hoteliers requires judgement about the volume of future trading with hoteliers and the credit worthiness of those hoteliers. To assess the recoverability of touristic prepayments, TUI considers the financial strength of those hoteliers, the quality of the hotels as well as the demand for each hotel and the relevant destination during the past and in coming seasons. Changes in estimates Until the end of financial year 2016, new aircraft and engines were depreciated to a projected residual value in line with market terms over a period of up to 18 years. In the framework of an adjusted fleet strategy, the expected useful lives of aircraft and engines used by TUI Group have changed. Aircraft and engines will therefore be depreciated over a period of up to 25 years to a residual value of a maximum of 5 per cent, depending on the aircraft type, with effect from 1 October 2016. In line with IAS 8, the adjustment of the useful lives and associated residual values was carried out on a prospective basis as the revision of an accounting estimate. Retroactive changes of prior reporting periods were therefore not recognised. Due to the revision of the accounting estimate relating to useful lives, scheduled depreciation declined by EUR 20.3 m in financial year 2017. In line with the Group's plans, the adjustments of useful lives and residual values will result in a decline in depreciation of around EUR 25 m in the next three financial years. Segment reporting Notes on the segments The identification of operating segments is based on the internal organisational and reporting structure primarily built around the different products and services as well as a geographical structure within the TUI Group. Allocation of individual organisational entities to operating segments is exclusively based on economic criteria, irrespective of the participation structure under company law. The segments are independently managed by those in charge, who regularly receive separate financial information for each segment. They regularly report to the Group Executive Committee, which consists of six Executive Board members and six other executives. The legally binding decision regarding the use of resources is taken by the Executive Board. The TUI Group Executive Board has therefore been identified as the Chief Operating Decision Maker (CODM) in accordance with IFRS 8. The Northern Region segment comprises the tour operators and airlines in the UK, Ireland and the Nordic countries and the stake in the tour operation business of the Canadian company Sunwing as well as the joint venture TUI Russia. This segment also includes the tour operators Crystal Ski and TUI Lakes & Mountains, formerly Thomson Lakes & Mountains, which play a major role in securing the load factor for our aircraft fleet in the UK, especially in winter. The hotel operator Blue Diamond Hotels & Resorts Inc., St Michael, Barbados, which had also been carried under this segment in the prior year, was integrated into the Hotels & Resorts segment in the reporting period and is now carried under that segment. Moreover, the UK cruise business Marella Cruises, formerly Thomson Cruises, was transferred from the Northern Region segment to the Cruises segment in financial year 2017. The prior year's numbers have been restated to reflect the changes in the segments. The Central Region segment comprises the tour operators and airlines in Germany and tour operators in Austria, Poland and Switzerland. The Western Region segment comprises the tour operators and airlines in Belgium and the Netherlands and tour operators in France. The Hotels & Resorts segment comprises all Group-owned hotels and hotel shareholdings of TUI Group. The Cruises segment consists of Hapag-Lloyd Cruises and the joint venture TUI Cruises as well as the British cruise business Marella Cruises. The Other Tourism segment comprises the French scheduled airline Corsair, the incoming agencies and, in particular, central tourism functions such as the TUI Group's aviation management and information technology. Apart from the above segments forming the Tourism business, the recognised items also include 'All other segments'. This segment comprises the business operations for new markets and in particular the central corporate functions and interim holdings of TUI Group and the Group's real estate companies. In the financial year 2017, discontinued operations include the turnover and profit contributions of Specialist Group until it was sold on 15 June 2017. In the prior year, this item had also included Hotelbeds Group and LateRooms Group. For more detailed explanations of discontinued operations, we refer to the section Discontinued operations in the note 'Acquisitions - Divestments - Discontinued Operations'. Notes to the segment data The selection of segment data presented is based on the regular internal reporting of segmented financial indicators to the Executive Board. Segment reporting discloses in particular the performance indicators EBITA and underlying EBITA, since these indicators are used for value-oriented corporate management and thus represent the consolidated performance indicator within the meaning of IFRS 8. The TUI Group defines EBITA as earnings before interest, income taxes and goodwill impairment. EBITA includes amortisation of other intangible assets. EBITA does not include measurement effects from interest hedges and the proportionate result and measurement effects from container shipping, as the stake in Hapag-Lloyd AG, held until its sale on 10 July 2017, is a financial investment and not an operative stake from TUI AG's perspective. In contrast to EBITA, the underlying EBITA has been adjusted for gains on disposal of financial investments, expenses in connection with restructuring measures according to IAS 37, all effects of purchase price allocations, ancillary acquisition cost and conditional purchase price payments and other expenses for and income from one-off items. The one-off items carried as adjustments are income and expense items impacting or distorting the assessment of the operating profitability of the segments and the Group due to their level and frequency. These one-off items include major restructuring and integration expenses not meeting the criteria of IAS 37, major expenses for litigation, profit and loss from the sale of aircraft and other material business transactions of a one-off nature. Alongside this indicator, segment reporting is extended to include EBITDA and EBITDAR. In the TUI Group EBITDA is defined as earnings before interest, income taxes, goodwill impairment and amortisation and write-ups of other intangible assets, depreciation and write-ups of property, plant and equipment, investments and current assets. The amounts of amortisation and depreciation represent the net balance including write-backs. For the reconciliation from EBITDA to the indicator EBITDAR, long-term leasing and rental expenses are eliminated. Internal and external turnover, depreciation and amortisation, impairment on other intangible assets (excluding goodwill), property, plant and equipment and investments as well as the share of result of joint ventures and associates are likewise shown for each segment, as these amounts are included when measuring EBITA. As a rule, inter-segment business transactions are based on the arm's length principle, as applied in transactions with third parties. No single external customer accounts for 10 % or more of turnover. Assets and liabilities per segment are not included in the reporting to the Executive Board and are therefore not shown in segment reporting. The only asset-related segmental indicator reported to the Executive Board is capital expenditure, which therefore is also disclosed in the segment reporting. The amounts shown represent cash capital expenditure on intangible assets and property, plant and equipment in line with the indicator reported internally. Financing transactions such as financing loans and finance lease agreements are not included in this indicator. Therefore the amount of the capital expenditure does not coincide with the additions to intangible assets and property, plant and equipment in the fixed assets and intangible assets movements. A reconciliation of the investments is presented in a separate table. Depreciation, amortisation, impairment and write-backs relate to non-current and current assets that are split geographically and do not include goodwill impairment. The non-current assets, which are split geographically, contain other intangible assets, property, plant and equipment and other non-current assets that do not meet the definition of financial instruments. Segment indicators
In order to enhance comparability, EBITA from the discontinued operations does not include the result from the sale of Hotelbeds Group in financial year 2016 or the sale of the Specialist Group in the completed financial year.
* For a description of the adjustments please refer to the management report page 58
Notes to the consolidated income statement TUIÂ Group's financial position showed considerable growth in financial year 2017. The growth was primarily driven by the continued sound business performance of Northern Region, Hotels & Resorts and Cruises. However, Group profit declined year-on-year as losses from the sale of Travelopia Group had to be carried in the completed financial year, while high profits on disposal from the sale of Hotelbeds Group were recognised last year. (1) Turnover Group turnover is mainly generated from tourism services. A breakdown of turnover by segment and region is shown under segment reporting. (2) Cost of sales and administrative expenses Cost of sales relates to the expenses incurred in the provision of tourism services. In addition to the expenses for personnel, depreciation, amortisation, rental and leasing, it includes in particular all costs incurred by the Group in connection with the procurement and delivery of airline services, hotel accommodation, cruises and distribution costs. Administrative expenses comprise all expenses incurred in connection with activities by the administrative functions and break down as follows:
The cost of sales and administrative expenses include the following expenses for personnel, depreciation / amortisation, rent and leasing:
Pension costs include service cost for defined benefit obligations and contributions to defined contribution pension schemes. The year-on-year increase in staff costs in financial year 2017 mainly results from salary increases and a higher number of employees in operating areas. It also reflects restructuring expenses incurred in connection with the acquisition of the French tour operator Transat. The average annual headcount (excluding trainees) evolved as follows:
The average annual headcount was in contrast to the prior year calculated this year on a quarterly headcount basis.
The increase in depreciation and amortisation is driven by the acquisition of a cruise ship in the prior year and investments in hotels and software. The additional depreciation resulting from the acquisition of aircraft was offset by adjustments to the useful lives of aircraft in the completed financial year. Impairment charges related to hotels, especially due to damage by hurricanes in the Caribbean, impairment of software and other property, plant and equipment of Tenuta di Castelfalfi S.p.A. In the prior year, impairment charges on property, plant and equipment mainly related to impairment of brands and software.
Where rental and leasing expenses for operating leases are directly related to revenue-generating activities, these expenses are shown within cost of sales. However, where rental and leasing expenses are incurred in respect of administrative buildings, they are shown under administrative expenses. (3) Other income In financial year 2017, other income results from the sale of two subsidiaries and an investment. Income was also generated from the sale of commercial real estate owned by Preussag Immobilien GmbH, Salzgitter, the sale of aircraft spare parts not required, and the sale of vehicles owned by incoming agencies. Other income recognised in the prior year mainly resulted from the sale of a Riu Group hotel, from the sale of a joint venture and from the sale of the cruise ship Island Escape. Income was also generated from the sale of plots of commercial real estate owned by Preussag Immobilien GmbH, Salzgitter, and from the sale of vehicles owned by incoming agencies. (4) Financial income
The increase in financial income by EUR 170.8 m to EUR 229.3 m is mainly due to the disposal of the remaining stake in Hapag-Lloyd AG. Details regarding that transaction are presented under Note 17. (5) Financial expenses
The decline in financial expenses in financial year 2017 mainly results from the impairment of the investment in Hapag-Lloyd AG amounting to EUR 100.3 m in the previous year. This impairment resulted from the fair value measurement of the investment over the course of the year at the closing price of the Hapag-Lloyd share as of March 31, 2016 on the principal market Xetra of EUR 16.10 per share (Level 1 valuation). The subsequent increase in the fair value due to the increase in the price of the Hapag-Lloyd share was recognized directly in equity in accordance with IAS 39 until the shares were sold. For more detailed information, we refer to the comments in Note 17 'Financial assets available for sale'. Other interest and similar expenses declined by EUR 45.3 m to EUR 57.2 m, primarily from the refinancing of the bonds issued in 2014 and lower utilisation of non-current credit facilities. For more detailed information, we refer to Note 31. In addition, expenses on financial instruments due to changes in foreign exchange rates fell by EUR 31.3 m to EUR 10.3 m. (6) Share of result of joint ventures and associates The share of result of joint ventures and associates of EUR 252.3 m (previous year EUR 187.2 m) comprises the net profit for the year attributable to the associated companies and joint ventures. For the development of the results of the material associates and joint ventures please refer to Note 16 'Investments in joint ventures and associates'. (7) Income taxes As in the prior year, the German TUI Group companies have to pay trade tax of 15.7 % and corporation tax of 15.0 % plus a 5.5 % solidarity surcharge on corporation tax. The calculation of foreign income taxes is based on the laws and provisions applicable in the individual countries. The income tax rates applied to foreign companies vary from 0.0 % to 39.0 %.
In financial year 2016, current income tax expenses in Germany reflected the reassessment of the trade tax risk in hotel purchasing, which resulted in tax expenses of EUR 35.1 m related to prior periods in the prior year reference period. The deferred tax expenses in the completed financial year largely arose abroad, outside of Germany. Current tax income related to prior periods amounts to EUR 4.6 m (previous year tax expense of EUR 9.9 m) in financial year 2017. In financial year 2017, total income taxes of EUR 168.8 (previous year EUR 153.4 m) are derived as follows from an 'expected' income tax expense that would have arisen if the statutory income tax rate of parent company TUI AG (aggregate income tax rate) had been applied to earnings before tax.
The increase in income not taxable primarily results from the tax-free sale of the shares in the participation in Hapag Llyod AG and the year-on-year increase in the equity result. (8) Result from discontinued operation The result from discontinued operations shows the after-tax result of the Specialist Group including the result from disposal until it was sold on 15 June 2017. It also includes net income from the discontinued operations sold in the prior year worth EUR 2.2 m. In the prior year, this item had included the after-tax results of Hotelbeds Group and LateRooms Group. For further information, please refer to the section Discontinued operations in the chapter on Acquisitions - Divestments - Discontinued operations. (9) Group profit attributable to shareholders of TUI AG In financial year 2017, the share in Group profit attributable to TUI AG shareholders declined from EUR 1,037.4 m in the prior year to EUR 644.8 m. The decline is primarily due to the proceeds from the sale of the Hotelbeds Group the previous year. (10) Group profit attributable to non-controlling interest In the Hotels & Resorts segment, the Group profit attributable to non-controlling interest primarily relates to RIUSA II Group with EUR 115.5 m (previous year EUR 110.7 m). (11) Earnings per share In accordance with IAS 33, basic earnings per share are calculated by dividing the Group profit for the year attributable to TUI AG shareholders by the weighted average number of registered shares outstanding during the financial year. The average number of shares is derived from the total number of shares at the beginning of the financial year (587,038,187 shares) and the employee shares issued on a pro rata temporis basis (15,328 new shares). The prorated effect of the own shares held by an employee benefit trust of 2,643,389 shares was deducted.
As a rule, a dilution of earnings per share occurs when the average number of shares increases due to the addition of the issue of potential shares from conversion options. In the completed financial year, these effects resulted from employee shares. The share-based remuneration plans from prior years have fully expired. (12) Taxes attributable to other comprehensive income
In addition, deferred income tax worth EUR - 11.5 m (previous year EUR - 11.4 m) and corporate income tax worth EUR - 2.6 m (previous year EUR 2.0 m) were generated in the reporting period and recognised directly in equity. Notes on the consolidated statement of financial position (13) Goodwill
The increase in the carrying amount is mainly attributable to the acquisition of Transat France S.A. Detailed information on the acquisitions is presented in the section on Consolidation principles and methods. A reduction was caused by the translation of goodwill not carried in TUIGroup's reporting currency into euros. In accordance with IAS 21, goodwill allocated to the individual segments and sectors was recognised in the functional currency of the subsidiaries and subsequently translated when preparing the consolidated financial statements. As with the treatment of other differences from the translation of annual financial statements of foreign subsidiaries, differences due to exchange rate fluctuations between the exchange rate at the date of acquisition of the subsidiary and the exchange rate at the balance sheet date are taken directly to equity and disclosed as a separate item. In financial year 2017, a decrease in the carrying amount of goodwill of EUR 38.9 m (previous year decrease of EUR 209.3 m) resulted from foreign exchange differences. The following table presents a breakdown of goodwill by cash generating unit (CGU) at carrying amounts:
The hotel company Blue Diamond Hotels & Resorts Inc., St Michael, Barbados, which was carried in the Northern Region segment in the prior year, was integrated into and is now carried in the Hotels & Resorts segment in the completed financial year. Moreover, the British cruise business Marella Cruises was reclassified from the Northern Region segment to the Cruises segment in financial year 2017. Accordingly, the prorated goodwill was transferred to these businesses from Northern Region. In the financial year, goodwill was tested for impairment at the level of CGUs as at 30 June 2017. For all CGUs, the recoverable amount was determined on the basis of fair value less costs of disposal. The fair value was determined by means of discounting the expected cash inflows. This was based on the Q4 forecast for the financial year and on the medium-term plan for the entity under review, prepared as at 30 September 2017, following deduction of income tax payments. Budgeted turnover and EBITA margins are based on empirical values from prior financial years and expectations with regard to the future development of the market. The discount rates are calculated as the weighted average cost of capital, taking account of country-specific risks of the CGU and based on external capital market information. The cost of equity included in the determination reflects the return expected by investors. The cost of borrowing is derived from the long-term financing terms of comparable companies in the peer group. The table below provides an overview of the parameters underlying the determination of the fair values per CGU. It shows the timeframe for the cash flow forecast, the growth rates used to extrapolate the cash flow forecast, the discount rates and the relevant valuation hierarchy according to IFRS 13. The table lists the CGUs to which goodwill has been allocated. The below stated EBITA margin p.a. is adjusted for reasonable discounts for centrally incurred cost. The prior year's negative EBITA p.a. margin related to a new business segment being established.
Goodwill was tested for impairment as at 30 June 2017. The test did not result in a requirement to recognise any further impairment. Neither an increase in WACC by 50 basis points nor a reduction by 50 basis points in the growth rate after the detailed planning period would have led to an impairment of goodwill. The same applies to a reduction of the discounted free cash flow in the growth rate of perpetuity of 10 %. (14) Other intangible assets The development of the line items of other intangible assets in financial year 2017 is shown in the following table.
* The acquired computer software, which was previously reported within brands, licences and other rights, will from now on be presented together with the internally generated computer software. In addition the intangible assets under construction are no longer reported as part of brands, Âlicences and other rights but will be presented together with the payments on accounts. The opening balances have been reallocate accordingly. Internally-generated computer software consists of computer programs for tourism applications exclusively used internally by the Group. Transport contracts relate to landing rights at airports in the UK purchased and measured during the acquisition of First Choice Holidays Plc in 2007. The lease contracts relate to intangible assets from the measurement of aircraft leases in connection with the acquisition of First Choice Holidays Plc in 2007. The assets are amortised in line with the length of the lease. Payments on account made totalled EUR 1.9 m as at 30 September 2017. The year-on-year changes also include the changes relating to Specialist Group, which was only classified as a discontinued operation according to IFRS 5 as at the end of financial year 2016. Additions to consolidation mainly relate to the acquisition of Transat France S.A. For details, refer to the section on Acquisitions. In financial year 2017, a financial software was partly impaired and an Internet platform in the Northern Region segment was fully impaired. The prior year's impairment charges related to brands of the Specialist Group and of the Western Region segment as well as software in the Specialist Group and a module of an Internet platform in the Other tourism segment. (15) Property, plant and equipment The table below presents the development of the individual items of property, plant and equipment in financial year 2017.
* Now also comprises the assets formerly shown in column Machinery and fixtures. By the end of the prior financial year the accumulated historical costs amounted to EUR 304.6 m, the depreciation and impairment to EUR 220.1 m The additions from changes in the group of consolidated companies mainly relate to the acquisition of Transat France S.A. For details, please refer to the section on Acquisitions. In the financial year, advance payments worth EUR 33.2 m were made for the acquisition of cruise ships, with EUR 252.4 m worth of advance payments (previous year EUR 91.8 m) on the acquisition of aircraft. In the reporting period, the cruise ship Marella Discovery 2 was added at a carrying amount of EUR 228.6 m, initially as assets under construction. Following its commissioning, the cruise ship was reclassified accordingly. In the prior year, the amount carried for cruise ships included an amount of EUR 182.9 m for the introduction of Marella Discovery. Both ships are used in the segment cruises. Further additions to assets under construction include an amount of EUR 92.1 m (previous year EUR 100.9 m) for investments in hotels in the Hotels & Resorts segment. In the reporting period, two aircraft have been capitalised at an amount of in total EUR 145.6 m. In the course of the year, two hotel complexes were reclassified to assets held for sale. One hotel was sold before the end of the financial year. Moreover, an aircraft was classified as held for sale and reclassified accordingly. In financial year 2017, borrowing costs of EUR 4.0 m (previous year EUR 2.1 m) were capitalised. The capitalisation rate of capitalised borrowing costs is 3.75 % p.a. for financial year 2017 and 3.25 % p.a. for the prior year. The impairment charges include an amount of EUR 21.3 m for hotel facilities in the Caribbean hit by hurricanes. These impairment charges went hand in hand with insurance claims recognized within trade receivables and other assets. Further impairment charges of EUR 15.0 m were recognised for impairment of buildings and technical equipment at Tenuta di Castelfalfi S.p.A. in the Hotels & Resorts segment. The carrying amount of property, plant and equipment subject to ownership restrictions or pledged as collateral totalled EUR 553.8 m (previous year EUR 613.1 m). Finance leases Property, plant and equipment also comprise leased assets in which Group subsidiaries have assumed the risks and rewards of ownership of the assets (finance leases).
The leasing contracts for aircraft include repurchase options for the lessee at fixed residual values. Total payment obligations resulting from future lease payments total EUR 1,420.6 m (previous year EUR 1,450.1 m). Group companies have not granted any guarantees for the residual values of the leased assets, as in the prior year.
(16) Investments in joint ventures and associates The table below presents all joint arrangements and associates of relevance to TUI Group. All joint arrangements and associates are listed as TUI Group Shareholdings in Note 49. All joint arrangements are joint ventures. There are no joint operations within the meaning of IFRS 11.
All companies presented above are measured at equity. The financial year of Sunwing Travel Group Inc., Toronto / Canada (Sunwing) corresponds to TUI Group's financial year. The financial years of the joint ventures listed above deviate from TUI Group's financial year, ending on 31 December of any one year. In order to update the at equity measurement as at TUI Group's balance sheet date, interim financial statements for the period ending 30 September are prepared for these companies. Significant associates In 2009, Sunwing entered into a partnership with TUI Group. Sunwing is a vertically integrated travel company comprising tour operation, an airline and retail shops. Since the transfer of the hotel operation and development company Blue Diamond Hotels & Resorts Inc., St Michael / Barbados, to Sunwing in September 2016, Sunwing has also included the hotel operation business with a chain of luxury beach resorts and hotels in the Caribbean and Mexico. Sunwing's hotel operation business is carried in the Hotels & Resorts segment, while the tour operation business is carried in the Northern Region segment. The company has different classes of shares. TUI Group holds 25 % of the voting shares. Significant joint ventures Riu Hotels S.A. is a hotel company owning and operating hotels in the 4- to 5-star segments. The hotels of the company established in 1976 are mainly located in Spain and Central America. TUI Cruises is a joint venture with the US shipping line Royal Caribbean Cruises Ltd established in 2008. The Hamburg-based company offers German-speaking cruises for the premium market. Since the launch of Mein Schiff 6 in June 2017, TUI Cruises has operated six cruise ships. Togebi Holdings Limited (TUI Russia) is a joint venture between TUI and Oscrivia Limited, a subsidiary of Unifirm Limited. Unifirm Limited is a subsidiary of OOO Sever Group, owned by a large shareholder and Supervisory Board member of TUI AG. The business purpose of this joint venture, established in 2009, is to develop the tour operation business, in particular in Russia and Ukraine. The company owns tour operation subsidiaries and retail chains in these countries. In the prior year, contractual agreements on the reorganisation of the equity of TUI Russia were concluded with Oscrivia Limited. The parties agreed a capital increase in which TUI Group participated by paying a net amount of USD 3 m, while Oscrivia Limited paid a net amount of USD 17 m. TUI Group's share in TUI Russia declined from 49 % to 25 % and Oscrivia Limited increased its share to 75 %. Existing loans and guarantees of the shareholders were adjusted to reflect the new stakes. Furthermore, the joint venture agreement was amended to reflect the new voting rights proportions. The relevant activities of TUI Russia continue to be jointly determined by TUI Group and Oscrivia Limited, so that TUI Russia remains classified as a joint venture. Financial information on associates and joint ventures The tables below present summarised financial information for the significant associates and joint ventures of the Group. The amounts shown reflect the full amounts presented in the consolidated financial statements of the relevant associates and joint ventures (100 %); they do not represent TUI Group's share of those amounts.
* Solely from continuing operations
* Solely from continuing operations In financial year 2017, TUI Group received dividends of EUR 90.0 m from TUI Cruises and EUR 12.7 m from Riu Hotels. In total, dividends of EUR 117.5 m (previous year EUR 79.4 m, including EUR 12.2 m from Riu Hotels and EUR 60.0 m from TUI Cruises) were paid by joint ventures to TUIGroup. In financial year 2017, TUI Group did not receive any dividends from Sunwing Travel Group, as in the prior year. In total, TUI Group received dividends of EUR 2.0 m from its associates (previous year EUR 1.1 m). In addition to TUI Group's significant associates and joint ventures, TUI AG has interests in other associates and joint ventures measured at equity, which individually are not considered to be of material significance. The tables below provide information on TUI Group's share of the earnings figures shown for the major associates and joint ventures as well as the aggregated amount of the share of profit / loss, other comprehensive income and total comprehensive income for the immaterial associates and joint ventures.
Unrecognised losses by joint ventures Unrecognised accumulated losses increased by EUR 2.0 m to EUR 8.5 m. They relate to the joint venture TUI Russia, operating in source markets Russia and Ukraine. Due to the recognition of prorated losses in previous years, the carrying amount of the joint venture was already fully written off in financial year 2014. Recognition of further losses would have reduced the carrying amount of the joint ventures to below zero. Risks associated with the stakes in associates and joint ventures Contingent liabilities of EUR 33.9 m (previous year EUR 0.0 m) existed in respect of associates as at 30 September 2017, with contingent liabilities of EUR 73.2 m (previous year EUR 106.2 m) in respect of joint ventures. Moreover, financial liabilities from investments of EUR 613.2 m (previous year EUR 613.2 m) and from lease, charter and rental agreements worth EUR 56.2 m (previous year EUR 8.4 m) are in place in respect of joint ventures. (17) Financial assets available for sale
In the completed financial year, TUI AG sold its remaining stake in Hapag-Lloyd AG (previous year EUR 265.8 m) at a purchase price less costs of disposal of EUR 406.4 m. On derecognition the cumulative positive changes in the stake's fair value since 31 March 2016 previously recognised in other comprehensive income of EUR 179.6 m (thereof previous year EUR 31.8 m) were reclassified to profit or loss in accordance with IAS 39. The resulting profit on disposal of EUR 172.4 m is carried under financial income. There was no impairment of available for sale financial assets to be included in financial expenses in the consolidated income statement for the reporting period (previous year EUR 101.0 m). In the prior year, the fair value measurement of the stake at the closing rate of the Hapag-Lloyd AG share as at 31 March 2016 in the principal market Xetra of EUR 16.10 per share resulted in impairment charges totalling EUR 100.3 m (level-1 measurment). (18) Trade receivables and other assets
For financial assets which are neither past due nor impaired, TUI Group assumes that the counter party has a good credit standing. As at 30 September 2017, trade accounts receivable and other receivables worth EUR 76.0 (previous year EUR 62.7 m) were impaired. The table below provides a maturity analysis of impairment.
Impairment of trade receivables and other assets developed as follows:
As in the previous year, in financial year 2017, no material cash inflow was recorded from impaired interest-bearing trade receivables and other assets. (19) Touristic payments on account Touristic payments on account mainly relate to customary advance payments on future tourism services, in particular advance payments made by tour operators for future hotel services. (20) Deferred and income tax assets
Deferred tax assets include an amount of EUR 311.6 m (previous year EUR 328.7 m) expected to be realised after more than twelve months. Deferred tax liabilities include an amount of EUR 57.3 m (previous year EUR 49.2 m) expected to be realised after more than twelve months. No deferred tax assets are recognised for deductible temporary differences of EUR 315.7 m (previous year EUR 157.3 m). No deferred tax liabilities are carried for temporary differences of EUR 58.6 m (previous year EUR 58.6 m) between the net assets of subsidiaries and the respective taxable carrying amounts of subsidiaries since these temporary differences are not expected to be reversed in the near future.
Losses carried forward for German companies comprise the cumulative amount of trade tax and corporation tax as well as interest carried forward in relation to the German interest barrier. Potential tax savings totalling EUR 900.1 m (previous year EUR 981.7 m) were not capitalised since the underlying losses carried forward are unlikely to be utilised within the planning period. In financial year 2017, the use of losses carried forward previously assessed as non-recoverable and for which no deferred tax asset had been recognised as at 30 September 2016 led to tax reductions of EUR 0.4 m (previous year EUR 10.7 m). As in the prior year, no tax reductions were realised by means of losses carried back.
Capitalised deferred tax assets from temporary differences and losses carried forward that are assessed as recoverable of EUR 4.0 m (previous year EUR 4.9 m) are covered by expected future taxable income even for companies that generated losses in the reporting period or the prior year. (21) Inventories
In financial year 2017, inventories of EUR 541.1 m (previous year EUR 552.8 m) were recognised as an expense. (22) Cash and cash equivalents
At 30 September 2017, cash and cash equivalents of EUR 261.0 m were subject to restrictions (previous year EUR 128.6 m). On 30 September 2016, TUI AG entered into an agreement to close the gap between the obligations and the fund assets of defined benefit pension plans in the UK in the long run. At the balance sheet date an amount of EUR 142.9 m is deposited as security on a bank account. Until their disposal in financial year 2017, the shares in Hapag-Lloyd AG held by TUI AG were assigned as collateral. TUI Group can only use that cash and cash equivalents if it presents alternative collateral. Further, an amount of EUR 116.5 m (previous year EUR 116.4 m) was deposited with a Belgian subsidiary without acknowledgement of debt by the Belgian tax authorities in financial year 2013 respect of long-standing litigation over VAT refunds for the years 2001 to 2011. The purpose was to suspend the accrual of interest for both parties. In order to collateralise a potential repayment, the Belgian government was granted a bank guarantee. Due to the bank guarantee, TUI's ability to dispose of the cash and cash equivalents has been restricted. The other restrictions relate to cash and cash equivalents to be deposited due to legal or regulatory requirements. (23) Assets held for sale
In the prior year, the Specialist Group segment was reclassified to assets held for sale as a discontinued operation. The sale took place on 15 June 2017. For further information, reference is made to the section 'Discontinued operations'. (24) Subscribed capital The fully paid subscribed capital of TUI AG consists of no-par value shares, each representing an identical share in the capital stock. The proportionate share in the capital stock per no-par value share is around EUR 2.56. As the capital stock consists of registered shares, the owners are listed by name in the share register. The subscribed capital of TUI AG has been registered in the commercial registers of the district courts of Berlin-ÂCharlottenburg and Hanover. In the financial year, it rose by a total of 348,713 employee shares. It thus comprised 587,386,900 shares (previous year 587,038,187 shares) as at the end of the financial year. It rose by EUR 0.9 m to EUR 1,501.6 m. As at 30 September 2017, no TUI AG shares were held by the Employee Benefit Trust of TUI Travel Limited (previous year 2,664,194), as these were entirely sold during the financial year. The Annual General Meeting on 14 February 2017 authorised the Executive Board of TUI AG to acquire own shares of up to 5 % of the capital stock. The authorisation will expire on 13 August 2018. The authorisation to acquire own shares has not been used to date. Conditional capital The Annual General Meeting on 9 February 2016 had created conditional capital of EUR 150.0 m and authorised the Company to issue bonds. The conditional capital authorisation to acquire bonds with conversion or option rights and profit participation (with or without a fixed maturity) is limited to a nominal amount of EUR 2.0 bn and expires on 8 February 2021. Overall, TUI AG had total conditional capital of EUR 150.0 m as at 30 September 2017, unchanged to the prior financial year end. Authorised capital The Annual General Meeting on 13 February 2013 resolved to create additional authorised capital of EUR 10.0 m for the issue of employee shares. The Executive Board of TUI AG has been authorised to use this authorised capital in one or several transactions to issue employee shares against cash contribution by 12 February 2018. 348,713 new employee shares were issued in the completed financial year so that authorised capital totals around EUR 7.4 m at balance sheet date. The General Meeting on 28 October 2014 resolved to create authorised capital to issue new shares against non-cash contribution of EUR 18.0 m in order to be able to service TUI Travel PLC share awards granted by TUI Travel PLC to its employees with new shares in TUI AG. The authorisation for this authorised capital has not been used to date and will be revoked ahead of its expiry date as no outstanding share awards remain. The Annual General Meeting on 9 February 2016 resolved an authorisation to issue new registered shares against cash contribution for up to a maximum of EUR 150.0 m. This authorisation will expire on 8 February 2021. The Annual General Meeting on 9 February 2016 also resolved to create authorised capital for the issue of new shares against cash or non-cash contribution of up to EUR 570.0 m. The issue of new shares against non-cash contribution is limited to a maximum of EUR 300.0 m. The authorisation for this authorised capital will expire on 8 February 2021. On the balance sheet date, the accumulated authorised capital that had not yet been taken up amounted to EUR 745.4 m (previous year EUR 746.3 m). (25) Capital reserves The capital reserves comprise transfers of premiums. They also comprise amounts entitling the holders to acquire shares in TUI AG in respect of bonds issued with conversion options and warrants. Premiums from the issue of shares due to the exercise of conversion options and warrants are also transferred to the capital reserve. Capital reserves rose by EUR 2.8 m (previous year EUR 4.5 m) due to the issue of employee shares in the completed financial year. (26) Revenue reserves In financial year 2017, TUI AG paid a dividend of EUR 0.63 per no-par value share to its shareholders; the total amount paid was EUR 368.2 m (previous year EUR 327.0 m). The share of non-controlling interests declined by EUR 87.2 m in financial year 2017 due to the issue of dividends (previous year EUR 13.6 m). The year-on-year variation is essentially based on the payment of dividends to non-Group shareholders of RIUSA II S.A. of EUR 87.0 m. The ongoing measurement of existing equity-settled stock option plans resulted in a decrease in equity of EUR 1.0 m in the reporting period. Disclosures on these long-term incentive programmes are outlined in the note on 'Share-based payments in accordance with IFRS 2' in Note 37. Further, the Employee Benefit Trust of TUI Travel Ltd acquired shares in TUI AG in the first half of 2017 in order to use them for its stock option plans. The shares held by the Employee Benefit Trust were fully sold in the second half of the year. As the amounts paid and received were offset against revenue reserves as an acquisition or sale of own shares, equity rose by a total of EUR 10.1 m. In the previous year, non-controlling interests were acquired for a consideration of EUR 6.5 m. The carrying amount of these interests was EUR 0.4 m. This is essentially attributable to the acquisition of non-controlling interests in Atraveo GmbH, Düsseldorf. Foreign exchange differences comprise differences from the translation of the financial statements of foreign subsidiaries as well as differences from the translation of goodwill denominated in foreign currencies. They also comprise reclassification amounts totalling EUR- 71.1 m to be recognised through profit or loss from the sale of Specialist Group in the completed financial year. Movements of EUR - 31.8 m in financial instruments available for sale carried outside profit and loss comprise the increase in value from a rise in Hapag-Lloyd's share price and the subsequent full sale of these shares in financial year 2017. More detailed information on the development of fair values is presented in the section 'Financial assets available for sale' in Note 17. The proportion of gains and losses from hedges used as effective hedges of future cash flows is carried directly in equity at EUR 263.6 m (pre-tax). A reversal of this provision through profit and loss takes place in the same period in which the hedged item has an effect on profit and loss or is no longer assessed as probable. The significant decrease in financial year 2017 is primarily attributable to changes in exchange rates and fuel prices. The revaluation of pension obligations (in particular actuarial gains and losses) is also carried directly in equity. The revaluation reserve formed in accordance with IAS 27 (old version) in the framework of step acquisitions of companies is retained until the date of deconsolidation of the company concerned. The sale of the Specialist Group resulted in a reclassification of an amount of EUR 1.8 m to other revenue reserves. (27) Use of Group profit available for distribution In accordance with the German Stock Corporation Act, the Annual General Meeting decides the use of the profit available for distribution carried in TUI AG's commercial-law annual financial statements. TUI AG's profit for the year amounts to EUR 741.7 m (previous year EUR 139.9 m). Taking account of profit carried forward of EUR 454.1 m (previous year EUR 682.4 m), TUI AG's profit available for distribution totals EUR 1,195.8 m (previous year EUR 822.3 m). A proposal will be submitted to the Annual General Meeting to use the profit available for distribution for the financial year to pay a dividend of EUR 0.65 per no-par value share and carry the amount of EUR 814.0 m remaining after deduction of the dividend total of EUR 381.8 m forward on account. The final dividend total will depend on the number of dividend-bearing no-par value shares at the date on which the resolution regarding the use of Group profit available for distribution is adopted by the Annual General Meeting. (28) Non-controlling interest Non-controlling interests mainly relate to RIUSA II S.A. based in Palma de Mallorca, Spain. TUI's capital share in this hotel operator stands at 50.0 %, as in the prior year. The financial year of RIUSA II S.A. ends on 31 December and thus deviates from TUI Group's financial year. This reporting date was fixed when the company was founded. In order to include the RIUSA II Group in TUI Group's consolidated financial statements as at 30 September, the RIUSA II Group prepares sub-group financial statements as at 30 September, the balance sheet date. RIUSA II Group, allocated to the Hotels & Resorts segment, operates owned and leased hotels and hotels operated under management contracts in tourism destinations of TUI Group. Due to the contractual agreements between the shareholders and the framework agreements with TUIGroup as well as the considerable importance of tour operation for the economic success of RIUSA II Group, TUI Group is able to exercise a controlling influence on decisions about the most relevant activities and consequently the amount of returns. TUI Group is subject to variable returns from RIUSA II Group, in particular due to dividend payments and fluctuations in the value of the stake itself. RIUSA II Group is therefore fully consolidated although TUI Group only holds a 50 % equity stake. The table below provides summarised financial information on RIUSA II S.A., Palma de Mallorca, Spain - the subsidiary for which material non-controlling interests exist. It presents the consolidated financial statements of the sub-group.
* Consolidated Subgroup (29) Pension provisions and similar obligations A number of defined contribution and defined benefit pension plans are operated for Group employees. Pension obligations vary, reflecting the different legal, fiscal and economic conditions in each country of operation, and usually depend on employees' length of service and pay levels. All defined contribution plans are funded by the payment of contributions to external insurance companies or funds. German employees enjoy benefits from a statutory defined contribution plan paying pensions as a function of employees' income and the contributions paid in. Several additional industry pension organisations exist for TUI Group companies. Once the contributions to the state-run pension plans and private pension insurance organisations have been paid, the Company has no further payment obligations. One major private pension fund is Aegon Levensverzekering N.V., operating the defined contribution pension plans for the main Dutch subsidiaries of TUI Group. Contributions paid are expensed for the respective period. In the reporting period, the expenses for all defined contribution plans totalled EUR 85.4 m (previous year EUR 81.9 m). Apart from these defined contribution pension plans, the TUI Group operates defined benefit plans, which usually entail the formation of provisions within the Company or investments in funds outside the Company. Within this group, MER-Pensionskasse VVaG, a private pension fund in which German companies of the tourism industry are organised, represents a multi-employer plan classified as a defined benefit plan. In accordance with the statues of the plan, the plan participants and the employers pay salary-based contributions into the plan. There are no further obligations pursuant to the statutes of the plan; an additional funding obligation of the participating companies is explicitly excluded. The paid-in contributions are invested in accordance with the policies of the pension plan unless they are used in the short term to deliver benefits. As the investments are pooled and are not kept separately for each participating employer, an allocation of plan assets to individual participating employers is not possible. The investment risk and the mortality risk are jointly shared by all plan participants. Moreover, the pension fund does not provide any information to participating companies that would allow the allocation of any over- or underfunding or TUI's participation in the plan. For this reason, accounting for the plan in accordance with the requirements of IAS 19 is not possible, and the plan is therefore classed as a defined contribution plan. In the reporting period, contributions to MER-Pensionskasse VvaG totalled EUR 5.9 m (previous year EUR 5.9 m). For the next financial year, contributions are expected to remain at that level. TUI Group's major pension plans recognised as defined benefit plans exist in Germany and the UK. By far the largest pension plans are operated by the Group's tour operators in the UK. They accounted for 72.6 % (previous year 73.5 %) of TUI Group's total obligations at the balance sheet date. German plans account for a further 22.5 % (previous year 22.5 %). In the UK, the following major pension plans linking pension payments to final salary and length of service are operated. The final remuneration to be taken into account is capped.
Almost all defined benefit plans in the UK are funded externally. Under UK law, the employer is obliged to ensure sufficient funding so that plan assets cover the pension payments to be made and the administrative costs of the funds. The pension funds are managed by independent trustees. The trustees comprise independent members but also beneficiaries of the plan and employer representatives. The trustees are responsible for the investment of fund assets, taking account of the interests of plan members, but they also negotiate the level of the contributions to the fund to be paid by the employers, which constitute minimum contributions to the funds. To that end, actuarial valuations are made every three years by actuaries commissioned by the trustees. The annual contributions to be paid to the funds in order to cover any shortfalls were last defined in September 2016. On top of a fixed annual contribution, a certain percentage of the pensionable remuneration of plan members has to be paid into the plan. By contrast, defined benefit plans in Germany are unfunded. The company assumes the obligation for payments of company pensions when the beneficiaries reach the legal retirement age. The amount of the pension paid usually depends on the remuneration received by the staff members at the retirement date. Pension obligations usually include surviving dependants' benefits and invalidity benefits.
In the reporting period, defined benefit pension obligations created total expenses of EUR 90.0 m.
Provisions for pension obligations are established for benefits payable in the form of retirement, invalidity and surviving dependants' benefits. Provisions are exclusively formed for defined benefit schemes under which the Company guarantees employees a specific pension level, including arrangements for early retirement and temporary assistance benefits.
For funded pension plans, the provision carried only covers the shortfall in coverage between plan assets and the present value of benefit obligations. Where plan assets exceed funded pension obligations, taking account of a difference due to past service cost, and where at the same time there is an entitlement to reimbursement or reduction of future contributions to the fund, the excess is recognised in conformity with the cap defined by IAS 19. As at 30 September 2017, other assets include excesses of EUR 57.0 m (previous year EUR 36.2 m).
In the reporting period, the present value of the pension obligations decreased by EUR 453.0 m to EUR 3,701.7 m, mainly due to the increase in interest rates in the Eurozone and the UK. The Group's fund assets decreased by EUR 108.7 m in the same period and is split into asset categories as shown in the table below.
At the balance sheet date, as in the prior year, fund assets did not comprise any direct investments in financial instruments issued by TUI AG or its consolidated subsidiaries or any property owned by the Group. For funded plans, investments in passive index tracker funds may entail a proportionate investment in Group-owned financial instruments. Pension obligations are measured on the basis of actuarial calculations based on country-specific parameters and assumptions. The obligations under defined benefit plans are calculated on the basis of the internationally accepted projected unit credit method, taking account of expected future increases in salaries and pensions.
The interest rate applicable in discounting the provision for pensions is based on an index for corporate bonds adjusted for securities already downgraded and under observation by rating agencies as well as subordinate bonds in order to meet the criterion for high quality bonds (rated AAor higher) required under IAS 19. In order to cover a correspondingly broad market, an index partly based on shorter-term bonds is used (e. g. iBoxx EUR Corporates AA 7-10 for the Eurozone). The resulting yield structure is extrapolated on the basis of the yield curves for almost risk-free bonds, taking account of an appropriate risk mark-up reflecting the term of the obligation. Apart from the parameters described above, a further key assumption relates to life expectancy. In Germany, the Heubeck reference tables 2005 G are used to determine life expectancy, as in the prior year. In the UK, the S1NxA base tables are used, adjusted to future expected increases on the basis of the Continuous Mortality Investigation (CMI) 2015. The pension in payment escalation formulae depend primarily on the pension plan concerned. Apart from fixed rates of increase, there are also a number of inflation-linked pension adjustment mechanisms in different countries. Changes in the key actuarial assumptions mentioned above would lead to the changes in defined benefit obligations presented below. The methodology used to determine sensitivity corresponds to the method used to calculate the defined benefit obligation. The assumptions were amended in isolation each time; actual interdependencies between the assumptions were not taken into account. The effect of the increase in life expectancy by one year is calculated by means of a reduction in mortality due to the use of the Heubeck tables 2005 G for pension plans in Germany. In the UK, an extra year is added to the life expectancy determined on the basis of the mortality tables.
The weighted average duration of the defined benefit obligations totalled 19.5 years (previous year 21.7 years) for the overall Group. In the UK, the weighted duration was 20.7 years (previous year 23.5 years), while it stood at 16.0 years (previous year 16.6 years) in Germany. Fund assets are determined on the basis of the fair values of the funds invested as at 30 September 2017. The interest rate used to determine the interest income from the assets of external funds is identical with the discount rate used for the defined benefit obligation. For the forthcoming financial year, the companies of TUI Group are expected to contribute around EUR 183.1 m (previous year EUR 109.6 m) to pension funds and pay pensions worth EUR 32.7 m (previous year EUR 40.6 m) for unfunded plans. The year-on-year increase is primarily driven by a one-off payment of £ 50.0 m agreed with the trustees to reduce the existing coverage shortfall. For funded plans, payments to the recipients are fully made from fund assets so that TUI Group does not record a cash outflow as a result. TUI Group's defined benefit plans entail various risks; some of which may have a substantial effect on the Company. Investment risk The investment risk plays a major role, in particular for the large funded plans in the UK. Although shares usually outperform bonds in terms of producing higher returns, they also entail stronger volatility of balance sheet items and the risk of short-term shortfalls in coverage. In order to limit this risk, the trustees have built a balanced investment portfolio to limit the concentration of risks. Interest rate risk The interest rate influences in particular unfunded schemes in Germany as a decline in interest rates leads to an increase in the defined benefit obligations. Accordingly, an increase in the interest rate leads to a reduction in the defined benefit obligations. Funded plans are less strongly affected by this development as the performance of the interest-bearing assets included in plan assets regularly dampens the effects. Inflation risk An increase in the inflation rate normally increases the obligation in pension schemes linked to the final salary of beneficiaries as inflation causes an increase in the projected salary increases. At the same time, inflation-based pension increases included in the plan also rise. The inflation risk is reduced through the use of caps and collars. Moreover, the large pension funds in the UK hold inflation-linked assets, which also partly reduce the risk from a significant rise in inflation. Longevity risk An increasing life expectancy increases the expected benefit duration of the pension obligation. This risk is countered by using regularly updated mortality data in calculating the present values of the obligation. Currency risk For the TUI Group, the pension schemes entail a currency risk as most pension schemes are operated in the UK and therefore denominated in sterling. The risk is limited as the currency effects on the obligation and the assets partly offset each other. The currency risk only relates to the excess of pension obligations over plan assets. (30) Other provisions
* Reclassifications, transfers, exchange differences and changes in the group of consolidated companies. Provisions for external maintenance primarily relate to contractual maintenance, overhaul and repair requirements for aircraft, engines and other specific components arising from aircraft operating lease contracts. Measurement of these provisions is based on the expected cost of the next maintenance event, estimated on the basis of current prices, expected price increases and manufacturers' data sheets. In line with the terms of the individual contracts and the aircraft model concerned, additions are recognised on a prorated basis in relation to flight hours, the number of flights or the length of the complete maintenance cycle. Provisions for onerous contracts principally relate to unfavourable lease contracts. The increase in financial year 2017 is mainly driven by aircraft leases. Restructuring provisions comprise severance payments to employees and payments for the early termination of lease agreements. They primarily relate to restructuring projects in France and the UK for which detailed, formal restructuring plans have been drawn up and communicated to the parties concerned. The restructuring provisions included at the balance sheet date of EUR 27.8 m (previous year EUR 24.0 m) largely relate to benefits for employees in connection with the termination of employment contracts. Provisions for personnel costs comprise provisions for jubilee benefits and provisions for cash-settled share-based payment schemes in accordance with IFRS 2. Information on these long-term incentive programmes is presented under Note 37 in the section 'Share-based payments in accordance with IFRS 2'. Provisions for environmental protection measures primarily relate to statutory obligations to remediate sites contaminated with legacy waste from former mining and metallurgical activities. Provisions for litigation are established in relation to existing lawsuits. Taken individually, none of the lawsuits has a significant influence on TUI Group's economic position. Changes in other provisions outside profit and loss primarily relate to changes in the group of consolidated companies, foreign exchange differences and reclassifications within other provisions. Where the difference between the present value and the settlement value of a provision is material for the measurement of a non-current provision as at the balance sheet date, the provision is recognised at its present value in accordance with IAS 37. The discount rate to be applied should take account the specific risks of the provision and of future price increases. This criterion applies to some items contained in TUI Group's other provisions. Additions to other provisions comprise an interest portion of EUR 3.7 m (previous year EUR 6.7 m), recognised as an interest expense.
(31) Financial liabilities
Non-current financial liabilities increased year-on-year by EUR 257.8 m to EUR 1,761.2 m as at the balance sheet date. This decline was mainly driven by the issuance of a bond with a carrying amount of EUR 295.8 m in October 2016. Current financial liabilities declined by EUR 365.8 m to EUR 171.9 m year-on-year as at 30 September 2017. The decrease is primarily attributable to the redemption of a bond issued in September 2014 with a carrying amount of EUR 306.5 m.
The fixed-interest bond with a nominal value of EUR 300.0 m issued in October 2016 has a coupon of 2.125 % p. a. The bond will mature on 26 October 2021. It can be redeemed ahead of its maturity date any time at its value as at the redemption date. In addition, a 100 % redemption option exists as per 26 July 2021. (32) Other liabilities
(33) Liabilities related to assets held for sale In the prior year, the liabilities of the discontinued operation Specialist Group were presented in this line. For more detailed information, reference is made to the section 'Discontinued operations'. (34) Contingent liabilities As at 30 September 2017, contingent liabilities amounted to EUR 156.1 m (previous year EUR 326.1 m). Contingent liabilities are reported at an amount representing the best estimate of the potential expenditure that would be required to meet the potential obligation as at the balance sheet date. Contingent liabilities decreased by EUR 170.0 m year-on-year. This primarily resulted from the repayment by Hapag-Lloyd AG of a bank loan guaranteed by TUI. Contingent liabilities as at 30 September 2017 are mainly attributable to the granting of guarantees for the benefit of cruise and hotel activities. (35) Litigation TUI AG and its subsidiaries are involved in several pending or foreseeable court or arbitration proceedings, which do not have a significant impact on their economic position as at 30 September 2017 or future periods. This also applies to actions claiming warranty, repayment or any other compensation in connection with the divestment of subsidiaries and business units over the past few years. As in previous years, the Group recognised adequate provisions, partly covered by expected insurance benefits, to cover all financial charges from court or arbitration proceedings. (36) Other financial commitments
The commitments from lease, rental and charter agreements exclusively relate to leases that do not transfer all risks and rewards of ownership of the assets to the TUI Group companies in accordance with IFRS rules (operating leases). The average basic lease term is around 9 years. The decrease in liabilities as against 30 September 2016 results above all from lower lease obligations for aircraft. Higher lease obligations due to the commissioning of new aircraft were more than offset by the lease payments made in the financial year. The lease obligations for ships, yachts and motor boats are down year-on-year as the obligations were significantly reduced due to the sale of Travelopia. A further decline was driven by foreign exchange effects for liabilities denominated in foreign currencies.
As at 30 September 2017, order commitments in respect of capital expenditure relating almost exclusively to Tourism declined by EUR 622.2 m year-on-year. This was due to various factors including the delivery of Marella Discovery and an aircraft. Further declines resulted from additional down payments for aircraft and aircraft equipment as well as foreign exchange effects for liabilities denominated in non-functional currencies, which were partly offset by new order commitments for aircraft. (37) Share-based payments in accordance with IFRS 2 As at 30 September 2017, all existing awards except oneShare are recognized as cash-settled share-based payment schemes. The following share-based payment schemes are in effect within TUI Group as at 30 September 2017. Multi-Annual bonus payment (MEV) The long-term incentive programme for Board members is based on phantom shares. In each financial year, a new period of performance measurements commences, spanning the current plus the following three financial years. As a result, each performance measurement period has a general term of four years. All Board members have their individual target amount defined in their service contract. This is translated at the beginning of each performance measurement period into phantom shares based on the average price of TUI AG shares ('preliminary number of phantom shares'). The average share price is calculated based on the share prices during the 20 days prior to the beginning of any financial year. The entitlement under the long-term incentive programme arises upon completion of the four-year performance period. Upon the completion of the four-year performance period, the preliminary number of phantom shares is multiplied by the degree of target achievement. This degree is determined by the rank achieved by TUI AG when comparing the total shareholder return (TSR) of companies listed in the 'Dow Jones Stoxx 600 Travel & Leisure' index. The rank is subsequently translated into a percentage, which is the degree of target achievement. If the degree of target achievement is less than 25 %, no preliminary phantom shares are remunerated. If the degree of target achievement exceeds 25 %, it is multiplied by the number of preliminary phantom shares granted, subject to a cap of 175 %. At the end of the four-year performance period, the number of phantom shares determined in this way is multiplied by the average price (20 trading days) of TUI AG shares, and the resulting amount is paid out in cash. The maximum amount payable under the long-term incentive programme has been capped for each individual. If the conditions mentioned above are met, upon expiry of the performance period, the awards are automatically exercised. If the conditions are not met, the awards are forfeited. The service period will be restricted to the end of the employment period if plan participants leave the Company, as long as employment is not terminated due to a significant reason within the sphere of responsibility of the participant or by the participant without cause. Performance Share Plan (PSP) The PSP details the share-based payments for entitled Group executives who are not part of the Board. The scheme conditions are harmonized with the Multi-Annual bonus plan of the Board members with the notable exception of a three year performance period instead of four years. Target amounts and grant frequency are subject to individual contractual agreements. Since MEV and PSP follow common scheme principles, the following development of awarded phantom shares under the programs are shown on a aggregated basis.
Employee share program 'oneShare' Eligible employees can acquire TUI AG shares under preferential conditions when participating in the oneShare program. The preferential conditions include a discount on 'investment' shares bought during a twelve month investment period plus one 'matching' share per three held investment shares, after a lock up period of two years. Investment shares are created via capital increase, while matching shares are bought on the open market. Eligible employees decide once a year about their participation in oneShare. In the financal year 2017, two oneShare tranches commenced, the first with a short investment period of four months, the second with a regularised twelve month period. Going forward, one tranche will be commenced per annum. Since investment and matching shares are equity instruments of TUI AG, oneShare is accounted for as an equity-settled share-based payment scheme in line with IFRS 2. Once all eligible employees have decided upon or against their yearly particpiation, the fair value of the equity instrument granted is calculated one time on the basis of the proportional shares price at grant date taking into consideration the discounted estimated dividends. The development of acquired investment and estimated matching shares, as well as the parameters used for the calculation of the fair value are as follows:
Closed share-based payment schemes The following share-based payment schemes are closed, no new awards are granted. Awards made in the past remain valid and will vest according to the respective plan conditions. TUI AG Stock option plan The stock option plan for entitled Group executives below Board level was closed during financial year 2016. The last tranche was granted in February 2016 and will vest in February 2018. Bonuses were granted to Group executives entitled to receive a bonus; the bonuses were translated into phantom shares in TUI AG on the basis of an average share price. The phantom shares were calculated on the basis of Group earnings before interest, taxes and amortisation of goodwill (EBITA). The translation into phantom shares was based on the average share price of the TUI share on the 20 trading days following the Supervisory Board meeting at which the annual financial statements were approved. The number of phantom shares granted in a financial year was, therefore, only determined in the subsequent year. Following a lock-up period of two years, the individual beneficiaries are free to exercise their right to cash payment from this bonus within three years. Following significant corporate news, the entitlements have to be exercised within defined timeframes. The lock-up period is not applicable if a beneficiary leaves the Company; in that case, the entitlements have to be exercised in the next time window. The level of the cash payment depends on the average share price of the TUI share over a period of 20 trading days after the exercise date. There are no absolute or relative return or share price targets. A cap has been agreed for exceptional, unforeseen developments. Since the strike price is EUR 0.00 and the incentive programme does not entail a vesting period, the fair value corresponds to the intrinsic value and hence the market price at the balance sheet date. Accordingly, the fair value of the obligation is determined by multiplying the number of phantom shares with the share price at the respective reporting date. From the stock option plan which closed during the financial year 2016, as at 30 September 2017 153,760 share options are outstanding, thereof 61,008 share options (valued at EUR 0.9 m) have vested. Since the plan is closed, no new grants were made, 298,040 options were exercised (total value of EUR 3.9 m) and no options were forfeited. share-based payment schemes of former TUI Travel PLC The three principal schemes below were all closed to new participants during the financial year 2016. The last two tranches will vest in December 2017 and December 2018 with cash settlement. The share option awards of these remuneration schemes will only vest if the average annual return on invested capital (ROIC) is at least equal to the average weighted average cost of capital (WACC) over a period of three years. If this condition is fulfilled, the number of vesting awards is determined as a function of the fulfilment of the following performance conditions. Performance share plan (PSP) Up to 50 % of these awards granted will vest based on growth in the Group's reported earnings per share (EPS) relative to the UK Retail Price Index. Up to 25 % of the awards will vest based on the Group's total shareholder return (TSR) performance relative to an average of the TSRperformance of an index of other capital market-orientated travel and tourism companies. Likewise, up to 25 % of the awards vest if the Group's average return on invested capital (ROIC) meets predefined targets. Deferred annual bonus scheme (DABS) The awards granted under this scheme vest upon completion of a three-year period at the earliest. Up to 50 % of the granted awards will vest based on growth in earnings per share (EPS) relative to the UK Retail Price Index (RPI). 25 % of the awards will vest based on total shareholder return (TSR) performance relative to the TSR performance of other capital market-oriented travel and tourism companies. Likewise, up to 25 % of the awards will vest if the average return on invested capital (ROIC) meets certain targets. Deferred annual bonus long-term incentive scheme (DABLIS) The Deferred Annual Bonus Long-Term Incentive Scheme (DABLIS), for executive staff (except for the Executive Board) requires a 25 % conversion of any annual variable compensation into share options. Some eligible staff have been awarded further (matching) share option awards as additional bonuses. Matching share options are limited to four times the converted amount. The earliest point for the share options to be eligible for release is at the end of a three-year period. Up to 50 % of the awards will vest based on achievement of certain EBITA targets. Up to 25 % of awards will vest based on the earnings per share (EPS) performance relative to the UK Retail Price Index and up to 25 % based on the total shareholder return (TSR) performance in relation to the TSR performance of other capital market-oriented travel and tourism companies. The development of awards granted under DABS, DABLIS and the closed PSP of the former TUI Travel PLC schemes is as follows:
All other outstanding equity-settled awards of subsidiaries were compensated during the financial year 2017.
The weighted average TUI AG share price was EUR 12.32 at exercise date (previous year EUR 14.76). Accounting for share-based payment schemes As at 30 September 2017, all existing awards except oneShare are recognized as cash-settled share-based payment schemes and are granted with an exercise price of EUR 0.00. The personnel expense is recognized upon actual delivery of service according to IFRS 2 and is, therefore, spread over a period of time. According to IFRS 2, all contractually granted entitlements have to be accounted for, irrespective of whether and when they are actually awarded. Accordingly, phantom shares granted in the past are charged on a pro rata basis upon actual delivery of service. In the financial year 2017, personnel expenses due to cash-settled share-based payment schemes of EUR 11.1 m (previous year EUR 14.1 m) were recognised through profit and loss. As at 30 September 2017 provisions relating to entitlements under these long-term incentive programmes totaled EUR 32.9 m and further EUR 1.6 m were included as liabilities (previous year provisions of EUR 25.9 m and EUR 1.9 m liabilities). In financial year 2017, personnel expenses due to equity-settled share-based payment schemes of EUR 1.9 m (previous year EUR 6.2 m) were recognised through profit and loss. (38) Financial instruments Risks and risk management Risk management principles Due to the nature of its business operations, the TUI Group is exposed to various financial risks, including market risks (consisting of currency risks, interest rate risks and market price risks), credit risks and liquidity risks. In accordance with the Group's financial goals, financial risks have to be mitigated. In order to achieve this, policies and procedures have been developed to manage risk associated with financial transactions undertaken. The rules, responsibilities and processes as well as limits for transactions and risk positions have been defined in policies. The trading, processing and control have been segregated in functional and organisational terms. Compliance with the policies and limits is continually monitored. All hedges by the TUI Group are consistently based on recognised or forecasted underlying transactions. Standard software is used for assessing, monitoring, reporting, documenting and reviewing the effectiveness of the hedging relationships for the hedges entered into. In this context, the fair values of all derivative financial instruments determined on the basis of the Group's own systems are regularly compared with the fair value confirmations from the external counterparties. The processes, the methods applied and the organisation of risk management are reviewed for compliance with the relevant regulations on at least an annual basis by the internal audit department and external auditors. Within the TUI Group, financial risks primarily arise from cash flows in foreign currencies, fuel requirements (jet fuel and bunker oil) and financing via the money and capital markets. In order to limit the risks from changes in exchange rates, market prices and interest rates for underlying transactions, the TUI Group uses over-the-counter derivative financial instruments. These are primarily fixed-price transactions. In addition, the TUI Group also uses options and structured products. Use of derivative financial instruments is confined to internally fixed limits and other policies. The transactions are concluded on an arm's length basis with counterparties operating in the financial sector, whose counterparty risk is regularly monitored. Foreign exchange translation risks from the consolidation of Group companies not preparing their accounts in euros are not hedged. Market risk Market risks result in fluctuations in earnings, equity and cash flows. In order to limit or eliminate these risks, the TUI Group has developed various hedging strategies, including the use of derivative financial instruments. IFRS 7 requires the presentation of a sensitivity analysis showing the effects of hypothetical changes in relevant market risk variables on profit or loss and equity. The effects for the period are determined by relating the hypothetical changes in risk variables to the portfolio of primary and derivative financial instruments as at the balance sheet date. It is assured that the portfolio of financial instruments as at the balance sheet date is representative for the entire financial year. The analyses of the TUI Group's risk reduction activities outlined below and the amounts determined using sensitivity analyses represent hypothetical and thus uncertain risks. Due to unforeseeable developments in the global financial markets, actual results may deviate substantially from the disclosures provided. The risk analysis methods used must not be considered a projection of future events or losses, since the TUI Group is also exposed to risks of a non-financial or non-quantifiable nature. These risks primarily include sovereign, business and legal risks not covered by the following presentation of risks. Currency risk The business operations of the TUI Group's companies generate payments or receipts denominated in foreign currencies, which are not always matched by payments or receipts with equivalent terms in the same currency. Using potential netting effects (netting of payments made and received in the same currency with identical or similar terms), the TUI Group enters into appropriate hedges with external counterparties in order to protect its profit margin from exchange rate-related fluctuations. Within the TUI Group, risks from exchange rate fluctuations are hedged, with the largest hedging volumes relating to US dollars, euros and pound sterling. The Eurozone limits the currency risk from transactions in the key tourist destinations to Group companies whose functional currency is not the euro. The tourism business operations are mainly affected by changes in the value of the US dollar and the euro, the latter predominantly affecting the TUI tour operators in the UK and the Nordic countries. In tourism operations, payments in US dollars primarily relate to the procurement of services in non-European destinations, purchases of jet and ship fuel and aircraft and cruise ship purchases or charter. The tourism companies use financial derivatives to hedge their planned foreign exchange requirements. They aim to cover 80 % to 100 % of the planned currency requirements at the beginning of the tourism season. In this regard, account is taken of the different risk profiles of the TUIGroup companies. The hedged currency volumes are adjusted in line with changes in planned requirements based on reporting by business units. Currency risks within the meaning of IFRS 7 arise from primary and derivative monetary financial instruments issued in a currency other than the functional currency of a company. Exchange rate-related differences from the translation of financial statements into the Group's presentation currency are not taken into account. Taking account of the different functional currencies within the TUI Group, the sensitivity analyses of the currencies identified as relevant risk variables are presented below. A 10 % strengthening or weakening of the respective functional currencies, primarily euro and pound sterling, against the other currencies would cause the following effects on the revaluation reserve and earnings after income tax:
Interest rate risk The TUI Group is exposed to interest rate risks from floating-rate primary and derivative financial instruments. Where interest-driven cash flows of floating-rate primary financial instruments are converted into fixed cash flows using derivative hedges, they are not exposed to an interest rate risk. No interest rate risk exists for fixed-interest financial instruments carried at amortised cost. Changes in market interest rates mainly impact floating-rate primary financial instruments and derivative financial instruments entered into in order to reduce interest-induced cashflow fluctuations. The table below presents the equity and earnings effects of an assumed increase or decrease in the market interest rate of 50 base points as at the balance sheet date.
Fuel price risk Due to the nature of its business operations, the TUI Group is exposed to market price risks from the purchase of fuel, both for the aircraft fleet and the cruise ships. The tourism companies use financial derivatives to hedge their exposure to market price risks for the planned consumption of fuel. At the beginning of the touristic season the target hedging ratio is at least 80 %. The different risk profiles of the Group companies operating in different source markets are taken into account, including the possibility of levying fuel surcharges. The hedging volumes are adjusted for changes in planned consumption as identified by the Group companies. If the commodity prices, which underlie the fuel price hedges, increase or decrease by 10 % on the balance sheet date, the impact on equity and on earnings after income taxes would be as shown in the table below.
Other price risks Apart from the financial risks that may result from changes in exchange rates, commodity prices and interest rates, the TUI Group is not exposed to significant price risks at the balance sheet date. Credit risk The credit risk in non-derivative financial instruments results from the risk of counterparties defaulting on their contractual payment obligations. Maximum credit risk exposure corresponds to the total of the recognised carrying amounts of the financial assets (including derivative financial instruments with positive market values). It also relates to the granting of financial guarantees for the discharge of liabilities. Details concerning the guarantees at the balance sheet date are presented in Note 22. Where legally enforceable, financial assets and liabilities are netted. Credit risks are reviewed closely on conclusion of the contract and continually monitored thereafter in order to swiftly respond to potential impairment in a counterparty's solvency. Responsibility for handling the credit risk is held by the Group company holding the receivable. Since the TUI Group operates in many different business areas and regions, significant credit risk concentrations of receivables from and loans to specific debtors or groups of debtors are not to be expected. A significant concentration of credit risks related to specific countries is not to be expected either. As in the previous year, at the balance sheet date, there is no material collateral held, or other credit enhancements that reduce the maximum credit risk. Collateral held in the prior period relates exclusively to financial assets of the category Trade receivable and other assets. The collateral mainly comprises collateral for financial receivables granted and maturing in more than one year and / or with a volume of more than EUR 1 m. Rights in rem, directly enforceable guarantees, bank guarantees and comfort letters are used as collateral. Identifiable credit risks of individual receivables are subject to provisions for bad debts. In addition, portfolios are impaired based on observed values. An analysis of the aging structure of the category Trade receivables and other assets is presented in Note 18. Credit management also covers the TUI Group's derivative financial instruments. The maximum credit risk for derivative financial instruments entered into is limited to the total of all positive market values of these instruments since in the event of counterparty default asset losses would only be incurred up to that amount. Since derivative financial instruments are concluded with different debtors, credit risk exposure is reduced. The specific credit risks of individual counterparties are taken into account in determining the fair values of derivative financial instruments. In addition, the counterparty risk is continually monitored and controlled using internal bank limits. Liquidity risk Liquidity risks arise from the TUI Group being unable to meet its short term financial obligations and the resulting increases in funding costs. TUI has established an internal liquidity management system to secure TUI Group's liquidity at all times and consistently comply with contractual payment obligations. To that end, TUI Group's liquidity management system uses the opportunities of physical and virtual cash pooling for more efficient liquidity pooling. It also uses credit lines to compensate the seasonal fluctuations in liquidity resulting from the tourism business. The core credit facility is a syndicated revolving credit facility with banks with a volume of EUR 1,535 m as a cash line. As in the previous year, no material assets were deposited as collateral for liabilities. Moreover, the Group companies participating in the cash pool are jointly and severally liable for financial liabilities from cash pooling agreements. The tables provided below list the contractually agreed (undiscounted) cash flows of all primary financial liabilities and derivative financial instruments as at the balance sheet date. Planned payments for future new liabilities were not taken into account. Where financial liabilities have a floating interest rate, the forward interest rates fixed at the balance sheet date were used to determine future interest payments. Financial liabilities cancellable at any time are allocated to the earliest maturity band.
Derivative financial instruments and hedges Strategy and goals In accordance with the TUI Group's policy, derivatives are allowed to be used if they are based on underlying recognised assets or liabilities, firm commitments or forecasted transactions. Hedge accounting based on the rules of IAS 39 is applied to forecasted transactions. In the completed financial year, hedges consisted of cash flow hedges. Derivative financial instruments in the form of fixed-price transactions and options as well as structured products are used to limit currency, interest rate and fuel risks. Cash Flow Hedges As at 30 September 2017, hedges existed to manage cash flows in foreign currencies with maturities of up to four years (previous year up to five years). The fuel price hedges had terms of up to four years (previous year up to four years). Hedges to protect variable interest payment obligations have terms of up to fourteen years (previous year none). In accounting for cash flow hedges, the effective portion of the cumulative change in market value is carried in the revaluation reserve outside profit and loss until the hedged item occurs. It is carried in the income statement through profit and loss when the hedged item is executed. In the completed financial year, income of EUR 371.8 m (previous year income of EUR 40.4 m) for currency hedges and derivative financial instruments used as price hedges were carried in the cost of sales. As in the previous year, there was no result from interest hedges. Expenses of EUR 4.5 m (previous year income of EUR 1.6 m) was carried for the ineffective portion of the cash flow hedges.
The nominal amounts correspond to the total of all purchase or sale amounts or the contract values of the transactions. Fair values of derivative financial instruments The fair values of derivative financial instruments generally correspond to the market value. The market price determined for all derivative financial instruments is the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. A description of the determination of the fair values of derivative financial instruments is provided with the classification of financial instruments measured at fair value.
Financial instruments which are entered into in order to hedge a risk position according to operational criteria but do not meet the criteria of IAS 39 to qualify for hedge accounting are shown as other derivative financial instruments. They include foreign currency transactions entered into in order to hedge against foreign exchange-exposure to changes in the value of balance sheet items and foreign exchange fluctuations from future expenses in Tourism. Financial instruments - Additional disclosures Carrying amounts and fair values Where financial instruments are listed in an active market, e. g. shares held and bonds issued, the fair value or market value is the respective quotation in this market at the balance sheet date. For over-the-counter bonds, liabilities to banks, promissory notes and other non-current financial liabilities, the fair value is determined as the present value of future cash flows, taking account of yield curves and the respective credit spread, which depends on the credit rating. Due to the short remaining terms of cash and cash equivalents, current trade receivables and other assets, current trade payables and other payables, the carrying amounts are taken as realistic estimates of the fair value. The fair values of non-current trade receivables and other assets correspond to the present values of the cash flows associated with the assets, taking account of current interest parameters which reflect market- and counterÂparty-related changes in terms and expectations. There are no financial investments held to maturity.
The financial investments classified as financial assets available for sale include an amount of EUR 43.5 m (previous year EUR 44.4 m) for stakes in partnerships and corporations for which an active market does not exist. The fair value of these non-listed stakes is not determined using a measurement model since the future cash flows cannot be reliably determined. The stakes are carried at acquisition cost. In the reporting period and in the previous year, there were no major disposals of stakes in partnerships and corporations measured at acquisition cost. The TUI Group does not intend to sell or derecognise the stakes in these partnerships and corporations in the near future.
Fair value measurement The table below presents the fair values of recurring, non-recurring and other financial instruments measured at fair value in line with the underlying measurement level. The individual measurement levels have been defined as follows in line with the inputs:
At the end of every reporting period, TUI Group checks whether there are any reasons for reclassification to or from one of the measurement levels. Financial assets and financial liabilities are generally transferred out of Level 1 into Level 2 if the liquidity and trading activity no longer indicate an active market. The opposite situation applies to potential transfers out of Level 2 into Level 1. In the reporting period, there were no transfers between Level 1 and Level 2. Reclassifications from Level 3 to Level 2 or Level 1 are effected if observable market price quotations become available for the asset or liability concerned. TUI Group records transfers to and out of Level 3 as at the date of the obligating event or occasion triggering the transfer. There were no transfers from or to level 3 in the reporting period. The stake in Hapag-Lloyd AG listed in Level 1 in the financial year 2016 was fully sold on 10 July 2017. Level 1 Financial instruments The fair value of financial instruments for which an active market exists is based on quoted prices at the reporting date. An active market exists if quoted prices are readily and regularly available from an exchange, dealer, broker, pricing service or regulatory agency and these prices represent actual and regularly occurring market transactions on an arm's length basis. These financial instruments are classified as Level 1. The fair values correspond to the nominal amounts multiplied by the quoted prices at the reporting date. Level 1 financial instruments primarily comprise shares in listed companies classified as available for sale and bonds issued classified as financial liabilities at amortised cost. Level 2 Financial instruments: The fair values of financial instruments not traded in an active market, e. g. over-the-counter (OTC) derivatives, are determined by means of valuation techniques. These valuation techniques make maximum use of observable market data and minimise the use of Group-specific assumptions. If all essential inputs for the determination of the fair value of an instrument are observable, the instrument is classified as Level 2. If one or several key inputs are not based on observable market data, the instrument is classified as Level 3. The following specific valuation techniques are used to measure financial instruments:
Level 3 Financial instruments: The table below presents the fair values of the financial instruments measured at fair value on a recurring basis, classified as Level 3:
Further information on Level 3 is not presented for materiality reasons. Effects on results The effects of the measurement of financial assets available for sale outside profit and loss and the effective portions of changes in fair values of derivatives designated as cash flow hedges are listed in the statement of changes in equity. The net results of the financial instruments by measurement category according to IAS 39 are as follows:
In addition to interest income and interest expenses, the other net result of available-for-sale financial assets mainly consists of the result from participations, capital gains and losses, the effects of the fair value measurement and value adjustments. Details on the sale of the shares in Hapag-Lloyd AG are listed under Note 17. Financial instruments measured at fair value outside profit and loss did not give rise to any commission expenses in financial year 2017, just as in the previous year. Netting The following financial assets and liabilities are subject to contractual netting arrangements:
Financial assets and financial liabilities are only netted in the balance sheet if a legally enforceable right to netting exists and the Company intends to settle on a net basis. The contracts for financial instruments are based on standardised master agreements for financial derivatives (including ISDA Master Agreement, German master agreement for financial derivatives), creating a conditional right to netting contingent on defined future events. Under the contractual agreements all derivatives contracted with the corresponding counterparty with positive or negative fair values are netted in that case, resulting in a net receivable or payable in the amount of the balance. As this conditional right to netting is not enforceable in the course of ordinary business transactions, the derivative financial assets and liabilities are carried at their gross amounts in the balance sheet at the reporting date. Financial assets and liabilities in the framework of the cash pooling scheme are shown on a net basis if there is a right to netting in ordinary business transactions and the Group intends to settle on a net basis. (39) Capital risk management One of the key performance indicators in the framework of capital risk management is the IFRS-based gearing, i.e. the relationship between the Group's net debt and Group equity. From a risk perspective, a balanced relation between net debt and equity is sought. In order to exert active control over the capital structure, the TUI Group's management may change dividend payments to the shareholders, repay capital to the shareholders, issue new shares or issue hybrid capital. The management may also sell assets in order to reduce Group debt.
Notes on the cash flow statement The cash flow statement shows the flow of cash and cash equivalents on the basis of a separate presentation of cash inflows and outflows from operating, investing and financing activities. The effects of changes in the group of consolidated companies are eliminated. The cash flows are shown for continuing operations and the discontinued operation. In the reporting period, cash and cash equivalents rose by EUR 112.5 m to EUR 2,516.1 m. The item Assets held for sale does not include any cash or cash equivalents. (40) Cash inflow from operating activities Based on the Group result after tax, the cash flow from operating activities is derived using the indirect method. In the completed financial year, the cash inflow from operating activities amounted to EUR 1,583.1 m (previous year EUR 1,034.7 m). In the reporting period, the cash inflow included interest of EUR 17.7 m and dividends of EUR 121.7 m. Income tax payments resulted in a cash outflow of EUR 146.1 m. By contrast, tax payments of EUR 2.5 m on the gains on disposal from the sale of Hotelbeds Group in the prior year were carried under cash outflows from investing activities. (41) Cash outflow / inflow from investing activities In financial year 2017, the cash outflow from investing activities totalled EUR 687.7 m (previous year EUR 239.0 m inflow). The cash flow from investing activities includes a cash outflow for capital expenditure related to property, plant and equipment and intangible assets of EUR 1,049.0 m, including EUR 4.0 m for interest capitalised as borrowing costs. The Group also recorded a cash inflow of EUR 79.5 m from the sale of property, plant and equipment and intangible assets. The item also includes a cash outflow of EUR 122.6 m in connection with the acquisition of consolidated companies and the acquisition and capital increase of joint ventures as well as a stake in a technology provider for tourism. The Group recorded a cash inflow of EUR 11.7 m from the sale of joint ventures in prior years. In the reporting period, the sale of Travelopia Group and the redemption of financial liabilities by the acquirer resulted in a cash inflow after deduction of income tax payments and consultancy costs and after deduction of the cash and cash equivalents of the consolidated companies sold (EUR 423.6 m) of EUR 4.3 m. A part of the expenses (EUR- 23.0 m) in connection with the sale of Hotelbeds Group in the prior year were only payable in the current financial year. The sale of another three consolidated and one non-consolidated companies caused a cash inflow of EUR 5.0 m for TUI Group after deduction of cash and cash equivalents (EUR 0.4 m). The Group recorded a cash inflow of EUR 406.4 m from the sale of shares in Hapag-Lloyd AG in the reporting period. (42) Cash outflow from financing activities The cash outflow from financing activities totals EUR 733.8 m (previous year EUR 662.1 m). The amounts drawn from the external revolving credit facility to manage the seasonality of the Group's cash flows and liquidity in the completed financial year have meanwhile been fully repaid. In October 2016, TUI AG recorded a cash inflow of EUR 294.9 m from the issue of a bond. Other TUI Group companies took out further financial liabilities worth EUR 34.9 m. In September 2014, TUI AG had issued an unsecured bond maturing on 1 October 2019. This bond was cancelled as at 18 November 2016. An amount of EUR 306.8 m was spent to redeem this bond. A further cash outflow of EUR 206.6 m related to the redemption of other financial liabilities, including EUR 97.8 m for finance lease obligations. An amount of EUR 74.8 m was used for interest payments, while a cash outflow of EUR 368.2 m related to dividend payments to TUI AG shareholders and a further outflow of EUR 88.6 m related to dividend payments to minority shareholders. The Employee Benefit Trust of TUI Travel Ltd acquired TUI AG shares worth EUR 22.3 m to be used for stock option plans. A cash inflow of EUR 3.7 m related to the issue of employee shares. (43) Development of cash and cash equivalents Cash and cash equivalents comprise all liquid funds, i.e. cash in hand, bank balances and cheques. The change in cash and cash equivalents driven by changes in the group of consolidated companies shows the increase in the Group's cash and cash equivalents triggered by the merger of a previously non-consolidated with a consolidated company. Other notes (44) Services of the auditors of the consolidated financial statements TUI AG's consolidated financial statements have been audited by Deloitte GmbH Wirtschaftsprüfungsgesellschaft for the first time in the current year following the election of the auditors effected at the Annual General Meeting of 14 February 2017. Dr Hendrik Nardmann is the auditor in charge. In the prior year and for the review of the interim financial statements as at 31 December 2016, PricewaterhouseCoopers AG Wirtschaftsprüfungsgesellschaft had been TUI AG's auditors. Total expenses for the services provided by the auditors of the consolidated financial statements in financial year 2017 are as follows:
(45) Remuneration of Executive and Supervisory Board members acc. to § 314 HGB In the completed financial year, the remuneration paid to Executive Board members totalled EUR 3,794.7 thousand (previous year EUR 4,720.6 thousand). Pension payments for former Executive Board members or their surviving dependants totalled EUR 13,497.1 thousand (previous year EUR 4,933.2 thousand) in the completed financial year. Pension obligations for former Executive Board members and their surviving dependants amounted to EUR 64,683.5 thousand (previous year EUR 78,976.5 thousand) at the balance sheet date. Disclosures of the relevant amounts for individual Board members and further details on the remuneration system are provided in the Remuneration Report included in the Management Report. (46) Use of exemption provision The following German subsidiaries fully included in consolidation made use of the exemption provision in accordance with section 264 (3) of the German Commercial Code (HGB):
(47) Related parties Apart from the subsidiaries included in the consolidated financial statements, TUI AG, in carrying out its ordinary business activities, maintains indirect or direct relationships with related parties. Related parties controlled by the TUI Group or over which the TUI Group is able to exercise a significant influence are shown in the list of shareholdings published in the Federal Gazette (www.bundesanzeiger.de). Apart from pure equity investments, related parties also include companies that supply goods or provide services for TUI Group companies. Financial obligations from order commitments vis-à -vis related parties primarily relate to the purchasing of hotel services. TUI Group also has obligations of EUR 613.2 m (previous year EUR 613.2 m) from order commitments vis-à -vis the related company TUI Cruises, resulting from finance leases for cruise ships. In addition, there are obligations of EUR 56.2 m (previous year EUR 8.4 m) from rental and lease agreements.
Transactions with joint ventures and associates are primarily effected in the Tourism segment. They relate in particular to the tourism services of the hotel companies used by the Group's tour operators. All transactions with related parties were executed on an arm's length basis, applying international comparable uncontrolled price methods in accordance with IAS 24.
Liabilities to joint ventures included liabilities from finance leases of EUR 168.4 m (previous year EUR 184.1 m). The share of result of associates and joint ventures is shown separately by segment in segment reporting. The Russian entrepreneur Alexey Mordashov, CEO of OOO Severgroup, has been a member of TUI AG's Supervisory Board since February 2016 and held 23.0 % of the shares in TUI AG as at the balance sheet date. At the balance sheet date, the joint venture Riu Hotels S.A. holds 3.4 % of the shares in TUI AG. Luis Riu Güell and Carmen Riu Güell (a member of TUI AG's Supervisory Board) hold 51 % of the shares in Riu Hotels S.A. A family member of a Supervisory Board member was employed by TUI. Remuneration corresponded to TUI's internal remuneration policies and was in line with the customary remuneration for persons in comparable positions. In accordance with IAS 24, key management functions within the Group, the Executive Board and the Supervisory Board are related parties whose remuneration has to be listed separately.
Post-employment benefits are transfers to or reversals of pension provisions for Executive Board members active in the reporting period. The expenses mentioned do not meet the definition of remuneration for Executive and Supervisory Board members under German accounting rules. Pension provisions for active Executive Board members total EUR 19.7 m (previous year EUR 19.1 m) as at the balance sheet date. In addition, provisions and payables of EUR 10.2 m (previous year EUR 8.6 m) are recognised relating to the long-term incentive programme. (48) International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) not yet applied
IFRS 15 The Group-wide project to analyse the effects and the implementation of IFRS 15 'Revenue From Contracts with Customers' has not yet been completed. Within the scope of the project the contracts with customers within the businesses are being analysed using the five step model in IFRS 15. In order to determine the adjustments on transition and gather the information needed to collate the new disclosures data extracts were made from the relevant reservation-, booking- and accounting systems as per the year-end date. The evaluation and analysis of those data extracts has not been completed yet. A reliable quantification of the effects on TUI's financial position and performance is therefore not yet possible. The new requirements will generally influence the following facts and circumstances, depending on the specific case:
In addition the further analysis, in particular of IT systems, to implement IFRS 15 within the accounting related processes and systems is ongoing. Building up on the results of thereof, the decision about the transition method on first-time application of IFRS 15 will be made. TUI will first apply the new standard from 1 October 2018. IFRS 9 In a Group-wide project, TUI is assessing the impact of the application of IFRS 9 Financial Instruments on the Group's consolidated financial statements. We currently expect the following effects:
A reliable estimate of the quantitative impact is not yet possible at this stage. The initial application of IFRS 9 from 1 October 2018 will be done retrospectivel, except for the new hedge accounting requirements which are to be applied prospectively. The reclassification of the carrying amounts and loss allowances on transition from IAS 39 to IFRS 9 are to be presented in a reconciliation. TUI intends to make use of the election to not restate the prior year comparatives on transition. Contrary to this the new hedge accounting requirements need to be applied prospectively as a matter of principle. Notwithstanding this principle, according to the transition requirements TUI will need to apply the requirements retrospectively regarding the accounting for the time value of options, where the inner value was designated to be the hedging instrument, when the hedge relationship existed on 1 October 2017 or during financial year 2018. IFRS 16 IFRS 16, in particular its new lessee accounting requirements, will have a significant impact on all parts of the consolidated financial statements and the presentation of the Group's financial position and performance:
TUI has launched a Group-wide project to assess the impact and to implement the new requirements. A reliable estimate of their quantitative effects is not possible, primarily due to the large number of external and internal leases, prior to completion of the ongoing impact assessment and decisions about the use of recognition and measurement choices. TUI intends to apply the new requirements modified retrospectively and effective 1 October 2019. The Group has a choice to make use of several practical expedients on transition, and no decisions have yet been taken on how to exercise these. Upon first-time application, the cumulative adjustment on transition will be recognised in equity. The prior year comparatives for financial year 2019, which precedes the date of first-time application, will not be restated. No decision has yet been taken by the European Union about recognition of the following changes and new standards.
TUI is not affected by the Amendments to IFRS 4 'Applying IFRS 9 with IFRS 4' published on 12 September 2016 and adopted into European law on 3 November 2017 for first-time application from 1 January 2021, nor by the new IFRS 17 - 'Insurance Contracts' published by the IASB on 18 May 2017. (49) TUI Group Shareholdings
Responsibility Âstatement To the best of our knowledge, and in accordance with the applicable reporting principles, the consolidated financial statements give a true and fair view of the net assets, financial position and results of operations of the Group, and the Group Management Report includes a fair review of the development and performance of the business and the position of the Group, together with a description of the principal opportunities and risks associated with the expected development of the Group. Hanover, 11 December 2017 The Executive Board
Independent To TUI AG, Berlin and Hanover Report on the audit of the consolidated financial statements and the combined management report Audit opinions We have audited the consolidated financial statements of TUI AG, Berlin and Hanover, and its subsidiaries (the Group), which comprise the consolidated balance sheet as at 30 September 2017, the consolidated income statement, the consolidated statement of comprehensive income, the consolidated statement of changes in equity and the consolidated cash flow statement for the financial year from 1 October 2016 to 30 September 2017 as well as the Notes to the consolidated financial statements, including a summary of significant accounting policies. In addition, we have audited the combined management report of TUI AG, Berlin and Hanover, for the financial year from 1 October 2016 to 30 September 2017. In conformity with the German legal regulations, we have not audited the section 'Corporate Governance Report / Declaration on Corporate Governance' contained in the combined management report with regard to their content. Furthermore, we have not audited the section 'Non-financial Group declaration' in the combined management report. In our opinion, based on our knowledge obtained during the audit,
Pursuant with Section 322 (3) Sentence 1 German Commercial Code (HGB), we state that our audit has not led to any reservations with respect to the propriety of the consolidated financial statements and the combined management report. Basis for the audit opinions We conducted our audit of the consolidated financial statements and the Group management report in accordance with Section 317 German Commercial Code (HGB) and the EU Audit Regulation (No. 537 / 2014; hereinafter 'EU Audit Regulation') and German generally accepted standards for the audit of financial statements promulgated by the Institute of Public Auditors in Germany [Institut der Wirtschaftsprüfer (IDW)]. We have conducted the audit of the consolidated financial statements also in accordance with International Standards on Auditing (ISA). Our responsibilities under these requirements, principles and standards are further described in the section 'Auditor's responsibility for the audit of the consolidated financial statements and the combined management report' of our report. We are independent of the Group companies in accordance with European and German commercial law and rules of professional conduct and we have fulfilled our other ethical responsibilities applicable in Germany in accordance with these requirements. In addition, pursuant to Article 10 (2) lit. f EU Audit Regulation, we declare that we have not provided any prohibited non-audit services pursuant to Article 5 (1) EU Audit Regulation. We believe that the audit evidence we have obtained is sufficient and appropriate to provide a basis for our audit opinions on the consolidated financial statements and combined management report. Key audit matters in the audit of the consolidated financial statements Key audit matters are those matters that, in our professional judgement, were of most significance in our audit of the consolidated financial statements for the financial year from 1 October 2016 to 30 September 2017. These matters were addressed in the context of our audit of the consolidated financial statements as a whole and in forming our audit opinion thereon; but we do not provide a separate opinion on these matters. In the following we present the key audit matters in our view: Recoverability of goodwill Recoverability of hotel prepayments Recoverability of deferred tax assets Specific provisions Accounting for the acquisition of Transat France S.A. Sale of the shares in the Travelopia Group companies EBITA adjustments Our presentation of these key audit matters has been structured as follows: Description of the issue (including reference to associated disclosures in the consolidated financial statements), Auditor's response. If necessary important conclusion. Recoverability of goodwill Description of the issue In TUI AG's consolidated financial statements as at 30 September 2017, goodwill totalling EUR 2,889.5 million is reported under the balance sheet item 'Goodwill'. Goodwill is subject at least once a year, on 30 June of the financial year, to a test of its recoverability (known as an impairment test). Measurement is by means of a valuation model based on the Discounted Cash Flow method. The result of this valuation depends to a great extent on the estimate of future cash inflows by the Management Board and also on the discount rate used. The valuation is accordingly fraught with considerable uncertainty. Against this background, we believe that this issue is of particular importance within the framework of our audit. The Company's disclosures on goodwill are contained in section (13) of the Notes to the consolidated financial statements. Auditor's response We investigated the process for performing the impairment test of goodwill and conducted an audit of the accounting-rÂelevant controls contained therein. Specifically, we convinced ourselves of the appropriateness of the future cash inflows used in the calculation. To do so, among other things we compared these figures with the current budgets contained in the three-year plan adopted by the Management Board and approved by the Supervisory Board, and checked it against general and industry-specific market expectations. Since even relatively small changes in the discount rate can have a material effect on the amount of the business value determined in this way, we also focused on examining the parameters used to determine the discount rate used, including the Weighted Average Cost of Capital, and analysed the calculation algorithm. Owing to the material significance of goodwill and the fact that the valuation also depends on macroeconomic conditions which are beyond the control of the Company, we also assessed the sensitivity analyses prepared by the Company for the cash-generating units with low excess cover (carrying amount compared to present value). Recoverability of hotel prepayments Description of the issue Prepayments to hotels amounting to EUR 309.5 million are recognised under the balance sheet item 'Touristic payments on account' in TUI AG's consolidated financial statements as at 30 September 2017. In our opinion, this is a key audit matter, as the measurement of this significant item is based to a large extent on estimates and assumptions made by the Management Board. The Company's disclosures on Touristic payments on account are contained in section (19) of the Notes to the consolidated financial statements. Auditor's response We investigated the process of evaluating hotel prepayments and carried out an audit of the accounting-relevant controls contained therein. In the knowledge that there is an increased risk of misstatements in financial reporting with estimated values and that the valuation decisions of the Management Board have a direct and significant effect on the consolidated net income, we have assessed the appropriateness of the valuations by comparing these values with historical values and using the contractual bases presented to us. We assessed the recoverability of hotel prepayments against the background of current developments in Turkey and North Africa. For this we took into account, among other things, the repayment schedules agreed with the hoteliers concerned, the options for offsetting against future overnight accommodation and the framework agreements concluded. Recoverability of deferred tax assets Description of the issue TUI AG's consolidated financial statements as at 30 September 2017 report deferred tax assets totalling EUR 323.7 million under the balance sheet item 'Deferred income tax assets'. Recoverability of the deferred tax assets recognised is measured by means of forecasts about the future earnings situation. In our opinion, this is a key audit matter because it depends to a large extent on estimates and assumptions made by the Management Board and is fraught with uncertainties. The Company's disclosures on deferred tax assets are contained in the Notes to the consolidated financial statements under 'Accounting policies' and in Section (20). Auditor's response We involved our own tax specialists in our audit of tax issues. With their support we assessed the internal processes and controls established for recording tax issues. We assessed the recoverability of deferred tax assets on the basis of internal forecasts on the future taxable income situation of TUI AG and its major subsidiaries. In this context, we referred to the planning prepared by the Management Board and assessed the appropriateness of the planning basis used. Among other things, these were examined in the light of general and industry-specific market expectations. Specific provisions Description of the issue Provisions for aircraft maintenance amounting to EUR 615.4 million and provisions for onerous hotel lease contracts amounting to EUR 2.5 million are disclosed under the balance sheet item 'Other provisions' in TUI AG's consolidated financial statements as at 30 September 2017. Furthermore, provisions for pensions and similar obligations amounting to EUR 1,127.4 million were recognized as at 30 September 2017. In our opinion, these are key audit matters, as the recognition and measurement of these significant items are based to a large extent on estimates and assumptions made by the Management Board. The Company's disclosures on provisions are contained in sections (29) and (30) and in the disclosures on accounting and valuation methods in the Notes to the consolidated financial statements. Auditor's response We investigated the process of recognising and measuring specific provisions and carried out an audit of the accounting-Ârelevant controls contained therein. In the knowledge that there is an increased risk of misstatements in financial reporting with estimated values and that the valuation decisions of the Management Board have a direct and significant effect on consolidated net income, we assessed the appropriateness of the valuations by comparing these values with historical values and using the contractual bases presented to us. Among other things we
Accounting for the acquisition of Transat France S.A. Description of the issue As at 31 October 2016, TUI acquired 99.99 % of the shares in the tour operator Transat France S.A. (and all its subsidiaries) at a purchase price of EUR 64.0 million. A period of twelve months from the date of acquisition, i. e. until the end of October 2017, is available for carrying out the final allocation of the purchase price to the acquired assets and liabilities. The purchase price allocation was completed by the end of September 2017. In our view, the accounting treatment of the acquisition of Transat France S.A. is a key audit matter, since the identification of the acquired assets and liabilities, their recognition and also their measurement are based to a large extent on estimates and assumptions made by the Management Board. The company's disclosures on the acquisition of Transat France S.A. are included in the 'Acquisitions' section of the Notes to the consolidated financial statements. Auditor's response We examined the allocation of the purchase price to the assets and liabilities acquired. For this, we availed ourselves of the expertise of our internal specialists on the topic of accounting for business combinations and assessed the assumptions made in identifying as well as valuing the assets and liabilities, for example by comparing them with market-related data. We scrutinised the calculation models used and, with regard to the planning calculations used, reconciled them with general and industry-specific market expectations. Sale of the shares in the Travelopia companies Description of the issue In the financial year 2015 / 16, the Company decided to sell its shares in the companies belonging to the Travelopia Group. For this reason, the companies in the Travelopia Group were categorised as at 30 September 2016 as a disposal group (IFRS 5) and classified as a discontinued operation. The Travelopia companies were sold and deconsolidated with effect from 15 June 2017. The sale of Travelopia Group resulted in a loss of EUR 151,7 million which consists of the current result of the period until 15 June 2017 of EUR - 66,4 million, thereof impairment of goodwill amounting to EUR 47,4 million, and of an overall disposal loss of EUR - 85,3 million. In our view, the accounting treatment of the disposal is a key audit matter, since the contractual agreements are complex and the impact on the TUI Group are material. The Company's disclosures on the disposal of its shares in Travelopia are contained in the 'Discontinued operations' section of the Notes to the consolidated financial statements. Auditor's response As part of the audit of the proper accounting treatment of the sale of the shares in the companies belonging to the Travelopia Group, we examined, among other things, the foundations in company law and the provisions of the underlying sales contract. In this connection, we examined the fulfilment of the criteria for classification as a disposal group (IFRS 5) during the year, the resulting effects on the valuation of the assets and liabilities, the requirements for classification as a discontinued operation and the deconsolidation of the Travelopia Group. EBITA adjustments Description of the issue For steering and analysis purposes, the TUI Group uses operational Earnings Before Interest, Taxes and Amortisation (EBITA), adjusted for special effects. Adjustments to the EBITA of continuing operations of EUR 75.6 million leading to an increase in EBITA compared to unadjusted EBITA are shown in TUI AG's consolidated financial statements as at 30 September 2017. The adjusted EBITA are used by the Management Board as a significant financial performance indicator in its communications with the capital market. The adjustments to EBITA were a key audit matter, as they are made on the basis of TUI AG's internal accounting regulations and there is a risk that the Management Board may exercise its discretionary powers one-sidedly. The Company's disclosures on the adjustments to EBITA and the calculation thereof are presented in the 'Notes to segment data' in the segment reporting in the Notes to the consolidated financial statements. Auditor's response We analysed the calculation of the adjusted EBITA and took a critical look at the identification of special effects and non-operating earnings influences. At the same time, we examined, on the basis of the findings of our audit and the information provided by the Management Board, whether the adjustments made were carried out in accordance with the definition and procedure described in the notes to the segment reporting. Other information The Management Board is also responsible for the other information. This other information includes:
Our audit opinions on the consolidated financial statements and on the combined management report do not extend to cover the other information, and accordingly we do not issue an audit opinion or any other form of assurance conclusion thereon. In connection with our audit, our responsibility is to read the other information and, in doing so, to consider whether the other information
Responsibility of the Management and Supervisory Boards for the consolidated financial statements and the combined management report The Management Board is responsible for the preparation of consolidated financial statements which comply with IFRS, as adopted by the EU, and the supplementary requirements of German legal regulations pursuant to Section 315a (1) German Commercial Code (HGB) in all material respects, so that the consolidated financial statements give a true and fair view of the net assets, financial position and results of operations of the Group in accordance with these requirements. In addition, the Management Board is responsible for the internal controls they have identified as necessary in order to enable the preparation of consolidated financial statements that are free from material misstatements, whether intentional or unintentional. In preparing the consolidated financial statements, the Management Board is responsible for assessing the Group's ability to continue as a going concern. Furthermore, it has the responsibility to disclose matters related to going concern, as applicable. In addition, it is responsible for using the going concern basis of accounting, unless the intention is to liquidate the Group or to cease operations or there is no realistic alternative but to do so. In addition, the Management Board is responsible for the preparation of the combined management report, which as a whole provides a suitable view of the Group's situation, is consistent with the consolidated financial statements in all material respects, complies with the German legal regulations and suitably presents the opportunities and risks of future development. Furthermore, the Management Board is responsible for such arrangements and measures (systems) which it has deemed necessary in order to enable the preparation of a combined management report in accordance with the German legal regulations to be applied and to furnish sufficient and appropriate evidence for the statements in the combined management report. The Supervisory Board is responsible for overseeing the Group's financial reporting process for the preparation of the consolidated financial statements and the combined management report. Auditor's responsibility for the audit of the consolidated financial statements and Our objectives are to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the consolidated financial statements as a whole are free from material misstatements, whether due to fraud or error, and whether the combined management report as a whole provides an appropriate view of the Group's position and, in all material respects, is consistent with the consolidated financial statements and with the findings of the audit, is in accordance with the German legal regulations, and appropriately presents the opportunities and risks of future development, as well to issue an auditor's report that includes our audit opinions on the consolidated financial statements and the combined management report. Reasonable assurance is a high level of assurance, but is not a guarantee that an audit conducted in accordance with Section 317 German Commercial Code (HGB) and EU Audit Regulation and German generally accepted standards for the audit of financial statements promulgated by the Institute of Public Auditors in Germany (IDW) and subject to supplementary compliance with ISA will always detect a material misstatement when it exists. Misstatements can arise from fraud or error and are considered material if, individually or in the aggregate, they could reasonably be expected to influence the economic decisions of users taken on the basis of these consolidated financial statements and the combined management report. As part of an audit, we exercise professional judgement and maintain professional scepticism. We also
We communicate with those charged with governance, among other matters, the planned scope and timing of the audit and also significant audit findings, including any deficiencies in internal control which we identify during our audit. We also provide those charged with governance with a statement that we have complied with relevant ethical requirements regarding independence, and communicate with them all relationships and other matters that may reasonably be thought to bear on our independence, and where applicable, related safeguards. From the matters communicated with those charged with governance, we determine those matters that were of most significance in the audit of the consolidated financial statements of the current reporting period and are therefore the key audit matters. We describe these matters in the auditor's report, unless law or regulation precludes public disclosure about the matter. Other legal an regulatory Requirements Other information pursuant to Article 10 EU Audit Regulation We were appointed by the annual general meeting on 14 February 2017 to audit the financial statements. We were engaged by the Supervisory Board on 27 February / 19 March 2017 and on 11 / 24 September 2017. We have been engaged as the auditors the consolidated financial statements of TUI AG, Berlin and Hanover, since the financial year 2016 / 17. We confirm that the audit opinions contained in this auditor's report are consistent with the additional report to the audit committee pursuant to Article 11 EU Audit Regulation ('Prüfungsbericht'). Review of the Management Board's declaration of compliance with the Pursuant to Section 9.8.10 (1 and 2) of the Listing Rules in the United Kingdom, we were engaged to review Management's statement pursuant to Section 9.8.6R (6) of the Listing Rules in the United Kingdom that relate to provisions C.1.1, C.2.1, C.2.3 and C.3.1 to C.3.8 of the UKCorporate Goverance Code and Management's statement pursuant to Section 9.8.6R (3) of the Listing Rules in the United Kingdom in the financial year 2016 / 17, or, in the case of deviations, the explanations given. We have nothing to report in this regard. Responsible auditor The auditor responsible for the audit is Dr Hendrik Nardmann. Hanover, 11 December 2017 Deloitte GmbH Wirtschaftsprüfungsgesellschaft
Forward-looking Statements The annual report, in particular the report on expected developments included in the management report, includes various forecasts and expectations as well as statements relating to the future development of the TUI Group and TUI AG. These statements are based on assumptions and estimates and may entail known and unknown risks and uncertainties. Actual development and results as well as the financial and asset situation may therefore differ substantially from the expectations and assumptions made. This may be due to market fluctuations, the development of world market prices for commodities, of financial markets and exchange rates, amendments to national and international legislation and provision or fundamental changes in the economic and political environment. TUI does not intend to and does not undertake an obligation to update or revise any forward-looking statements to adapt them to events or developments after the publication of this annual report. Financial calender 13 December 2017 Annual Report 2017 13 February 2018 Annual General Meeting 2018 13 February 2018 Quarterly Statement Q1 2018 28 March 2018 Trading update 9 May 2018 Half-Year Financial Report H1 2018 August 2018 Quarterly Statement Q3 2018 December 2018 Annual Report 2018  Contact: Peter Krueger, Director Investor Relations & Special Projects, Tel: +49 (0)511 566 1425 Contacts for Analysts and Investors in UK, Ireland and Americas Sarah Coomes, Head of Investor Relations, Tel: +44 (0)1293 645 827 Hazel Chung, Investor Relations Manager, Tel: +44 (0)1293 645 823 Contacts for Analysts and Investors in Continental Europe, Middle East and Asia Nicola Gehrt, Head of Investor Relations, Tel: +49 (0)511 566 1435 Ina Klose, Investor Relations Manager, Tel: +49 (0)511 566 1318 |
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| ISIN: | DE000TUAG000, DE000TUAG281, DE000TUAG299 |
| Category Code: | ACS |
| TIDM: | TUI |
| LEI Code: | 529900SL2WSPV293B552 |
| Sequence No.: | 5007 |
| Â | |
| End of Announcement | EQS News Service |
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638441Â Â 13-Dec-2017Â
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