Annual Financial Report - Part 2
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TUI AG (TUI) Financial Highlights
Differences may occur due to rounding This Annual Report of the TUI Group was prepared for the financial year (FY) from 1 October 2017 to 30 September 2018. The terms for previous years were renamed accordingly. In FY 2018 we have adjusted our segmental reporting to reflect the growing strategic importance of the services delivered 1 In order to explain and evaluate the operating performance by the segments, EBITA adjusted for one-off effects (underlying EBITA) is presented. Underlying EBITA has been adjusted for gains/losses on disposal of investments, restructuring costs according to IAS 37, ancillary acquisition costs and conditional purchase price payments under purchase price allocations and other expenses for and income from one-off items. 2 EBITA comprises earnings before interest, taxes and goodwill impairments. EBITA includes amortisation of other intangible assets. It does not include the result from the measurement of interest hedges, and in the prior year did not include results from container shipping operations. 3 Equity divided by balance sheet total in %, variance is given in percentage points. 4 Continuing operations »We are on track because we have Âundergone a transformation. This year, Friedrich Joussen, CEO of TUI AG LETTER TO OUR Dear shareholders, 2018 was another growth year for TUI. We delivered on our promises in a challenging market environment. Our operating result again delivered double-digit growth for the fourth time in a row - it grew by nearly eleven per cent at constant currency in the completed financial year. The robust results delivered in 2018 are particularly gratifying given that we were operating under exceptional circumstances last year. In the UK, the exchange rate and purchasing power of sterling were adversely affected by Brexit. Air traffic in Europe faced particular challenges. And in our European home markets, we experienced a record summer - with a summer heatwave lasting right into the autumn. This brought its weight to bear on results in our sector in the course of the financial year. I would like to extend a special word of thanks to our customers who chose to travel with TUI and its brands, and to you, our shareholders, for your loyalty to TUI. Let me also thank all the employees who looked after our guests and again created unforgettable moments during their holidays in 2018. The Executive Board and the Supervisory Board will be proposing another increase in the dividend to 0.72 euros for the completed year to the Annual General Meeting. We are on track because we have undergone a transformation. This year, in particular, has shown that the realignment we launched in 2014 to focus on the hotel, cruise and destination business has now become TUI's special strength. Only five years ago, a similar summer would have left its mark on TUI, too, as the Group's focus and earnings structure were too one-sided and above all excessively geared to our classical tour operation business. We have now become an integrated hotel and cruise group. We develop, we invest and we operate. And we are increasingly becoming a digital and platform organisation. Today's success is important. However, what do we need to do to stay on track and keep growing? We used 2018 to define our position. Are we fit for further growth? How are we going to further enhance the quality, efficiency and strength of today's businesses? And where do our strong global TUI brand and the increasing digitalisation of our businesses create new growth areas for the Group? Let me comment on some of the decisions we took: Our classical tour operation business is characterised by strong competition, seasonality and low margins in European source markets. That is why we must identify synergies and enhance our efficiency. Since the summer, we have clustered the Group's worldwide tour operators and airlines into Markets & Airlines, managed by an Executive Board member. We have to learn more from one another, rapidly transfer successful models from one market to another and harmonise non-customer-facing activities. This transformation has begun and will enhance the efficiency and competitiveness of our classical tour operation business. Where markets have already achieved the required level of maturity, TUI is already fully digital. TUI Nordic in Scandinavia is an example of that. We will not ignore the social and cultural particularities of our markets and customers, but we will be at the forefront of this transformation in other countries, too. Today, 70 per cent of our operating result is delivered by holiday experiences developed and designed by us: hotels, cruise ships, excursions and activities in the holiday regions. This is where customers experience the strength of the TUI brand. These holiday moments make holidays with TUI so special and personal. We are growing and investing in this segment so as to strengthen it. Despite the large variety of holiday experiences offered by TUI Group, we want them to display a distinctive signature. This includes our Group's own hotel brands such as TUI Blue, Riu, Robinson, TUI Magic Life, hotel concepts such as TUI Sensimar, TUISensatori and TUI Family Life, global hotel purchasing with our partners, the cruise lines and destination activities. This is where we are seeking further growth. We know our customers very well, we know when they travel where, and what services they appreciate, be it holiday destinations, hotel rooms, cruise suites, excursions or activities. If we put this knowledge to smart use, we can create great value added for our customers - and for us, as we will be able to generate additional turnover and earnings. We have paved the way for that growth through our comprehensive digitalisation strategy and our investments in IT as well as new technologies, which are increasingly paying off. Here, too, our transformation as a digital company has progressed and opened up new growth areas. The destination activities market, in particular, is delivering extremely strong growth, promising highly attractive returns and still typically features many small, local providers. With more than 27 million customers - thereof around 21 million guests from our European source markets, a highly professional international team on the ground, a strong digital infrastructure and networked customer systems, we are well placed to take a leading international position in this market for tours and excursions and to deliver very profitable growth. Usually, several months pass after a holiday booking before our customers depart for their trip. That period offers us great potential to submit personalised offerings for activities in the destination to our customers - from the 'Select your room' option via special excursions through to reservations for restaurants, sporting programmes and wellness facilities. Having identified the growth potential in this area, we made investments in the completed year by purchasing two companies. By acquiring destination management from Hotelbeds Group, we doubled the footprint of Destination Experiences from 23 to 49 countries. We now have a team on the ground in almost every major destination in the world and are able to develop new products and services for our customers. This summer, we purchased the Milan-based technology start-up Musement. The Italian company has developed a platform that already pools a great portfolio of holiday experiences and offers its users customised excursions. Integrating this approach into our business with 27 million has enormous potential. We expect this acquisition, the further development of our digital platform and the expansion of our offering to contribute substantially to our future growth. Dear shareholders, we are transforming our traditional portfolio, strengthening today's successful and profitable business lines and investing in digital platforms for our future growth. I hope that the year 2018 and the progress achieved in the past few years have convinced you that TUI has been and will remain a good investment. TUI is the world's leading integrated tourism group. Supported by a great team of 69,500 employees around the world, the Executive Board is committed to ensuring that things stay that way. Tourism is and remains one of the world's biggest and most stably growing industries. There is no reason and no indication to believe that demand for travel will decline - on the contrary. We have identified potential in many new markets, in particular in the countries of South East Asia, where we are expanding our hotel portfolio and building TUI's position. I would be delighted to be able to welcome you personally to our Annual General Meeting in Hanover. Birgit Conix, the successor to our long-standing CFO Horst Baier, will take part for the first time. Let me use this opportunity to extend my sincerest thanks to Horst Baier once again. He was our CFO throughout FY 2018. Horst Baier played a key role in designing and delivering our successful transformation over the past few years. He has always been a reliable advisor and partner to my Executive Board colleagues and myself. We are working to continue our successful performance in 2019. Thank you very much for your support and loyalty. Best regards,  Friedrich Joussen CEO of TUI AG Guidance
1 As published on 13 December 2017, unless otherwise stated 2 Variance year-on-year assuming constant foreign exchange rates are applied to the result 3 Excluding cost inflation relating to currency movements 4 The starting variable for the forecast is the rebased underlying EBITA. This rebased figure was determined by increasing the underlying EBITA of FY 2018 by the negative effect from the Ârevaluation of euro denominated loans in Turkey amounting to EUR 40 m, translated at actual rates for the FY 2018. 5 Including PDPs, excluding aircraft assets financed by debt or finance leases REPORT OF THE Ladies and Gentlemen, After we completed the post-merger integration of TUI AG and TUI Travel plc last year, we again demonstrated in the financial year just completed that we - the Executive Board, the employees and the Supervisory Board - have together created the right strategic positioning for our organisation. We have established an internationally operating, integrated tourism company with a successful, sustainable business model. Despite various challenges we faced at both national and international levels, we increased our underlying EBITA by more than 10 % year-on-year at constant currency. This has also enabled us to clearly stand out from our main competitors, some of whom had to lower their guidance in the completed financial year. We again successfully mastered a number of special challenges, such as the insolvencies of Air Berlin and its subsidiary Niki, the prolonged, exceptional good weather in Europe this summer which limited demand for travel, and also the weakening of the Turkish lira. This confirms that we took the right decision in transforming TUI into an integrated tourism company with a broad value-chain. We will not rest on our laurels but consistently pursue our transformation roadmap. After leveraging synergies from the merger and the transformation of our business model, we will now focus on selective investments mainly in the Hotels and Cruises segments and efficiency enhancement. We will also make a priority of continued digitalisation, which opens up new opportunities for TUI at all levels. Especially with our broad customer portfolio, the potential of Artificial Intelligence offer high chances for optimisation. At our meetings, we regularly discussed the strategic development of our business model with the Executive Board. To implement this, following comprehensive review and discussion, the Supervisory Board approved a number of key acquisition projects, in particular the repurchase of incoming agencies from Hotelbeds Group, enabling us to expand our offering in the Destination Experiences segment from 23 to 49 countries. This segment was further reshaped with the acquisition of Musement, transforming the segment from offline to a fully digitalised business. We also approved investments in a new generation of TUI Cruises ships and the construction of a further expedition liner for the fleet operated by Hapag-Lloyd Cruises. Looking ahead to future challenges, another major priority of our deliberations in the Supervisory Board was Brexit. Throughout the year, we paid detailed attention to the various scenarios and the resulting potential impacts on our business model as well as measures to be derived. As in this year, Corporate Governance will be another focus area next year. The UK Corporate Governance Code was recently fundamentally revised. Meanwhile, the commission in charge of the German Code is also planning to carry out a major review from the middle of next year. Let me use this opportunity to thank Sir Michael Hodgkinson on behalf of the entire Supervisory Board for his outstanding efforts and commitment as a member of the TUI AG Supervisory Board. Sir Michael Hodgkinson has rendered lasting services above all to the merger of the two TUI companies and the subsequent integration management. The same applies to our former CFO Horst Baier, who stepped down from the Executive Board towards the end of the financial year. He was instrumental in shaping our organisation's successful course over a long period of time. We would like to thank both of them and wish them all the best for their future. After 14 years of active participation, Mrs Carmen Riu Güell will resign her mandate at the end of the Annual General Meeting on 12 February 2019. She has made a very intensive contribution to the strategy discussion, particularly in the restructuring of our hotel business, and has set important accents. It will then be proposed to the Annual General Meeting to elect Mr Joan Trian Riu to replace her as member of the Supervisory Board. Mr Joan Trian Riu has extensive knowledge and experience in the tourism business and finance. Cooperation between the Executive Board and the Supervisory Board In a stock corporation under German law, there is a mandatory strict separation of the Executive Board and the Supervisory Board. While the management of the company is the exclusive task of the Executive Board, the Supervisory Board is in charge of advising and overseeing the Executive Board. As the oversight body, the Supervisory Board provided on-going advice and supervision for the Executive Board in managing the Company in FY 2018, as required by the law, the Articles of Association and its own Terms of Reference. Its actions were guided by the principles of good and responsible corporate governance. Our monitoring activities essentially served to ensure that the management of business operations and the management of the Group were lawful, orderly, fit for purpose and commercially robust. The individual advisory and oversight tasks of the Supervisory Board are set out in Terms of Reference. Accordingly, the Supervisory Board is, for instance, closely involved in entrepreneurial planning processes and the discussion of strategic projects and issues. Moreover, there is a defined list of specific Executive Board decisions requiring the consent of the Supervisory Board, some of which call for detailed review in advance and require the analysis of complex facts and circumstances from a supervisory and consultant perspective (own business judgement). TUI AG falls within the scope of the German Industrial Co-Determination Act (MitbestG). Its Supervisory Board is therefore composed of an equal number of shareholder representatives and employee representatives. Employee representatives within the meaning of the Act include a senior manager (section 5 (3) of the German Works Council Constitution Act) and three trade union representatives. All Supervisory Board members have the same rights and obligations and they all have one vote in voting processes. In the event of a tie, a second round of voting can take place according to the Terms of Reference for the Supervisory Board, in which case I as Chairman of the Supervisory Board have the casting vote. In written and verbal reports, the Executive Board provided us with regular, timely and comprehensive information at our meetings and outside our meetings. The reports encompassed all relevant facts about strategic development, planning, business performance and the position of the Group in the course of the year, the risk situation, risk management and compliance, but also reports from the capital markets (e. g. from analysts), media reports and reports on current events (e. g. crises). The Executive Board discussed with us all key transactions of relevance to the Company and the further development of the Group. Any deviations in business performance from the approved plans were explained in detail. The Supervisory Board was involved in all decisions of fundamental relevance to the Company in good time. We fully discussed and adopted all resolutions in accordance with the law, the Articles of Association and our Terms of Reference. We regularly prepare for these decision based on documents provided by the Executive Board to the ÂSupervisory Board and its committees in advance. We were also swiftly informed about any urgent topics arising in between the regular meetings. As Chairman of the Supervisory Board, I was also regularly informed by the Executive Board about current business developments and key transactions in the Company between Supervisory Board meetings. Deliberations in the Supervisory Board and its ÂCommittees Prior to Supervisory Board meetings, the shareholder representatives on the Supervisory Board and the employees' representatives met in separate meetings, which were regularly also attended by Executive Board members. Apart from the full Supervisory Board, a total of four committees were in place in the completed financial year: the Presiding Committee, Audit Committee, Strategy Committee and Nomination Committee. The Mediation Committee formed pursuant to section 27 (3) of the Co-Determination Act did not have to meet. The Chairman of each committee provides regular and comprehensive reports about the work performed by the committee at the ordinary Supervisory Board meetings. In FY 2018, as in prior years, we again recorded a consistently high meeting attendance despite a large number of meetings. Average attendance was 92.8 % (previous year 93.8 %) at plenary meetings and 85.3 % (previous year 97.6 %) at committee meetings. The majority of Supervisory Board members attended significantly more than half the Supervisory Board meetings and meetings of the committees on which they sat in FY 2018. Members unable to attend a meeting usually participated in the voting through proxies. Preparation of all Supervisory Board members was greatly facilitated by the practice of distributing documents in advance in the run-up to the meetings and largely dispensing with handouts at meetings. Attendance at meetings of the Supervisory Board in FY 2018
(In brackets: number of meetings held) 2 Deputy Chairman of Committee Key topics discussed by the Supervisory Board The Supervisory Board held nine meetings. In addition, two resolutions were adopted by written circulation. The meetings focused on the following issues: 1. At its meeting on 17 October 2017, the Supervisory Board considered current business performance. The discussions also focused on Brexit. In this context, we talked in detail about any measures to be adopted by the Group in the event of a hard Brexit. Our deliberations also focused on the efficiency programme at TUI fly, the situation of Air Berlin, the effects of the EU Network and Information Security Directive and the approval of the diversity concept for the Supervisory Board and the Executive Board. In the framework of Executive Board matters, we discussed the status of negotiations on the revised service contracts reflecting the new remuneration structure effective from FY 2018. The Supervisory Board furthermore approved the budget for FY 2018. 2. At its extraordinary meeting on 15 November 2017, the Supervisory Board addressed in detail the negotiations of the new service contracts for the Executive Board members applicable from FY 2018. These extensive deliberations focused on key conditions and the definition of performance indicators. 3. At its meeting on 12 December 2017, the Supervisory Board discussed in detail the annual financial statements of TUI Group and TUI AG, each having received an unqualified audit opinion from the auditors, the Combined Management Report for TUI Group and TUI AG, the Report by the Supervisory Board, the Corporate Governance Report and the Remuneration Report. The discussions were also attended by representatives of the auditors. The Audit Committee had already considered these reports the previous day. Following its own review, the Supervisory Board endorsed the findings of the auditors. We then approved the financial statements prepared by the Executive Board and the Combined Management Report for TUI AG and the Group. The annual financial statements for 2018 were thereby adopted. Moreover, the Supervisory Board approved the Report by the Supervisory Board, the Corporate Governance Report and the Remuneration Report. It also adopted the invitation to the ordinary AGM 2018 and the proposals for resolutions to be submitted to the AGM. Alongside the HR and Social Report, we received a number of other reports, including on the results of the TUIgether 2017 employee survey and on the situation at Air Berlin and TUI fly. In the framework of ÂExecutive Board matters, we adopted the core elements of the remuneration system for the service contracts for the Executive Board members applicable from FY 2018, fixed the quota for female representation on the Executive Board and confirmed the appointment of Frank Rosenberger, currently a deputy member, as an ordinary member of the Executive Board with effect from 1 January 2018. The Supervisory Board also heard a status report on the expansion of capacity at TUI Cruises GmbH. 4. On 12 February 2018, the Supervisory Board mainly discussed TUI AG's interim statements and report for the quarter ending 31 December 2017 and prepared the 2018 Annual General Meeting. The Supervisory Board was also given a report on the sales process for an investment and updates on the revision of the UKCorporate Governance Code and on business performance in source market Germany. We adopted resolutions on transactions requiring the Supervisory Board's consent, approving the expansion of capacity for TUI Cruises GmbH and the potential issue of a corporate bond for aircraft financing purposes. 5. At its meeting on 13 February 2018, the Supervisory Board elected Peter Long as its new second Deputy Chairman, as Sir Michael Hodgkinson had stepped down from the Supervisory Board that day upon the close of the 2018 AGM. We also elected new members for the Supervisory Board committees. 6. At the extraordinary Supervisory Board meeting on 13 March 2018, held in the form of a conference call, we intensively debated and approved the acquisition of Destination Management from Hotelbeds Group. We also appointed Birgit Conix as an Executive Board member. From FY 2019, she will take over as CFO. 7. On 28 March 2018, we approved the application submitted by Sebastian Ebel to release him temporarily from his duties for a sabbatical from 16 April 2018 up to and including 15 June 2018. 8. On 8 May 2018, we debated TUI AG's interim report for the second quarter ending on 31 March 2017 and the half-year financial report. We also resolved to adjust the remuneration for Dr Elke Eller and fixed the targets for the performance-Ârelated remuneration component for Birgit Conix. The Supervisory Board subsequently heard a report on the development of senior executives in the light of succession planning for the Executive Board, including personnel development for the top management level. We were then briefed about the approach to Brexit moving forward, the status of negotiations around Corsair, the IT security structure, and the Security, Health & Safety organisation. We discussed on-going developments regarding the issue of a corporate bond for aircraft financing purposes. We also adopted resolutions on transactions requiring the Supervisory Board's consent, including the issue of employee shares, the expansion of capacity at Hapag-Lloyd Cruises GmbH, and an alternative financing instrument for aircraft financing. We furthermore approved the Group Manual for equity trading by persons with limited trading authorisation. 9. At its extraordinary meeting on 22 May 2018, which was held as a conference call, the Supervisory Board discussed approval of a change in the business allocation plan for the Executive Board in order to align the Group's organisational structure with its strategy. 10. On 28 August 2018 (by written circulation), the Supervisory Board approved the increase in the Company's capital stock for the issue of employee shares under the oneShare employee share programme for FY 2018. 11. During a three-day strategy offsite meeting on 11 and 12 September 2018, we scrutinised the key trends in the tourism market, the business opportunities in China and South East Asia, the focus for strategic development, prospects for market consolidation and Brexit-related challenges. However, we also devoted detailed discussion to our future strategic orientation in the online market resulting from the acquisition of an established online platform. At the meeting, the Supervisory Board engaged deeply in very constructive and open dialogue about tackling the challenges of the future together with the members of the Executive Board, including the managers in charge of the topics presented. Following this deliberation of strategic topics, on 13 September 2018 the Supervisory Board comprehensively debated the consolidated five-year plan and Executive Board matters. We were also given reports on information security and on progress with the creation of a single purchasing platform. The meeting likewise focused on the status of negotiations on the disposal of Corsair. We concluded by adopting a resolution on a transaction requiring our consent in connection with the acquisition of Musement S.p.A. Meetings of the Presiding Committee The Presiding Committee takes the lead on various Executive Board issues (including succession planning, new appointments, terms and conditions of service contracts, remuneration, proposals for the remuneration system). It also prepares the meetings of the Supervisory Board. Alongside the members of the committee, Dr Dieter Zetsche has been a regular guest attending the meetings of the Presiding Committee since his election as a member of TUI AG's Supervisory Board. In the period under review, the ÂPresiding Committee held ten meetings. Members of the Presiding Committee
1. At its meeting on 17 October 2017, the Presiding Committee discussed Executive Board issues, including deliberations on various topics related to Executive Board remuneration for the completed financial year and the current financial year as well as the business allocation plan for the Executive Board. The committee also discussed the preliminary findings from the TUIgether employee survey and follow-up measures. 2. At its extraordinary meeting on 3 November 2017, the Presiding Committee considered the status of the negotiations about the new service contracts for the members of the Executive Board in connection with the revision of the remuneration system. We adopted resolutions on variable annual pay for FY 2018 and discussed a review of the appropriateness of Executive Board remuneration and pensions carried out by an external remuneration consultant. We also discussed the succession for the CFO. 3. At its extraordinary meeting on 27 November 2017, after further deliberation, the Presiding Committee recommended the appointment of Dr Dieter Zetsche as a member of TUI AG's Supervisory Board and again discussed the succession for the CFO. 4. On 12 December 2017, the Presiding Committee discussed Executive Board matters. In that context, it again discussed the status of negotiations on the new service contracts for the Executive Board members and the search for a successor to the CFO. It also adopted resolutions to confirm the appointment of Frank Rosenberger as an ordinary Executive Board member and the fixing of a female quota for Executive Board members. 5. On 12 February 2018, the Presiding Committee considered and confirmed the performance indicators for the annual bonus for FY 2018 and addressed ongoing succession planning for the CFO. It furthermore discussed the future composition of the Supervisory Board and its committees. 6. At its extraordinary meeting on 28 February 2018, the Committee auditioned candidates selected as potential successors to the CFO. A specific recommendation for the Supervisory Board members was then adopted. 7. At the extraordinary meeting of the Presiding Committee held as a conference call on 23 March 2018, the Committee carefully considered a resolution on a sabbatical for Sebastian Ebel. 8. On 7 May 2018, we discussed the report on senior executive development and Executive Board matters, which included in particular the contractual conditions for Dr Elke Eller and for the CFO. We also discussed the current CFO's plan for stepping down. 9. At the extraordinary Presiding Committee meeting on 16 May 2018, held as a conference call, the Presiding Committee dealt in detail with changes in the business allocation plan for the Executive Board. 10. On 11 September 2018, the Presiding Committee discussed the termination agreement for the CFO and the appointment of his successor. Audit Committee Members of the Audit Committee:
The Audit Committee held seven ordinary meetings in the financial year under review. For the tasks and the advisory and resolution-Ârelated issues discussed by the Audit Committee, we refer to the comprehensive report on page 22. Nomination Committee The Nomination Committee proposes suitable shareholder candidates to the Supervisory Board for its election proposals to the Annual General Meeting or appointment by the district court. Members of the Nomination Committee, which held two meetings:
1. At its meeting on 17 October 2017, the Nomination Committee discussed the future composition of the Supervisory Board, representation for the shareholders on the committees and the diversity concept for the Supervisory Board. 2. At its extraordinary meeting on 27 November 2017, the Nomination Committee adopted a resolution to recommend to the 2018 AGM that Dr Dietsche Zetsche be elected to TUI AG's Supervisory Board. Strategy Committee The Strategy Committee was established on 9 February 2016 by resolution of the Supervisory Board. Its task is to advise the Executive Board in developing and implementing the corporate strategy. The Committee met six times in the financial year under review. Apart from Committee members, the meetings of the Strategy Committee have been regularly attended by Dr Dieter Zetsche since his election to TUI AG's Supervisory Board. The members of the Strategy Committee, which met five times, are:
1. At its meeting on 18 October 2017, the Committee dealt Âextensively with the Group's aviation strategy and business development in South East Asia. 2. At its meeting on 11 December 2017, the Committee again discussed the aviation strategy and business performance in South East Asia. We also defined performance indicators as a basis for the Group's strategy. 3. On 12 February 2018 we deliberated on the airline strategy and business development in South East Asia, which was an overall focus of this year's work by the Strategy Committee. Moreover, the Strategy Committee heard a report on the status of the online strategy in different source markets. We also discussed relevant key indicators. 4. At its extraordinary meeting on 5 March 2018, the Committee discussed the strategic importance of the acquisition of ÂDestination Management from Hotelbeds Group and prepared a corresponding draft resolution for the Supervisory Board plenary meeting. 5. From 8 to 12 May 2018, the Committee went on a trip to the People's Republic of China to explore opportunities for strategic expansion in source market China. To that end, we engaged in dialogue with Chinese companies to benefit from experience and to discuss fundamental orientation with a view to strategic partnerships. Corporate Governance Due to the primary quotation of the TUI AG share on the London Stock Exchange and the constitution of the Company as a German stock corporation, the Supervisory Board naturally grants regular and very careful consideration to the recommendations around German and British corporate governance. Apart from the mandatory observance of the rules of the German Stock Corporation Act (AktG), German Industrial Co-Determination Act (MitbestG), the Listing Rules and the Disclosure and Transparency Rules, TUI AG had announced in the framework of the merger that the Company was going to observe both the German Corporate Governance Code (DCGK) and - as far as practicable - the UK Corporate Governance Code (UK GCG). For the DCGK - conceptually founded, inter alia, on the German Stock Corporation Act - we issued an unqualified declaration of compliance for 2018 pursuant to section 161 of the German Stock Corporation Act, together with the Executive Board. By contrast, there are some deviations from the UK CGC due for the most part to the different concepts underlying a one-tier management system for a public listed company in the UK (one-tier board) and the two-tier management system comprised of Executive Board and Supervisory Board in a stock corporation based on German law. More detailed information on corporate governance, the declaration of compliance for 2018 pursuant to section 161 of the German Stock Corporation Act and the declaration on the UK CGC is provided in the Corporate Governance Report in the present Annual Report, prepared by the Executive Board and the Supervisory Board (from page 112), as well as on TUI AG's website. Conflicts of interest In the period under review, the Supervisory Board continuously monitored for conflicts of interest and found that no conflict of interest occurred in FY 2018. Audit of the annual and consolidated financial Âstatements of TUI AG and the Group The Supervisory Board reviewed the annual and consolidated Âfinancial statements and the financial reporting to establish whether they were in line with applicable requirements. Deloitte GmbH Wirtschaftsprüfungsgesellschaft, Hanover, audited the annual financial statements of TUI AG prepared in accordance with the provisions of the German Commercial Code (HGB), as well as the combined management report of TUI AG and TUI Group, and the consolidated financial statements for FY 2018 prepared in accordance with the provisions of the International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS), and issued their unqualified audit certificate. The above documents, the Executive Board's proposal for the use of the net profit available for distribution and the audit reports by the auditors had been submitted in good time to all members of the Supervisory Board. They were discussed in detail at the Audit Committee meeting on 11 December 2018 and the Supervisory Board meeting on 12 December 2018, convened to discuss the annual financial statements, where the Executive Board provided comprehensive explanations of these statements. At those meetings, the Chairman of the Audit Committee and the auditors reported on the audit findings, having determined the key audit areas for the financial year under review beforehand with the Audit Committee. Neither the auditors nor the Audit Committee identified any weaknesses in the early risk detection and internal control system. On the basis of our own review of the annual financial statements of TUI AG and TUI Group and the combined management report, we did not have any grounds for objections and therefore concur with the Executive Board's evaluation of the situation of TUI AG and TUI Group. Upon the recommendation of the Audit Committee, we approve the annual financial statements for FY 2018; the annual financial statements of TUI AG are thereby adopted. We comprehensively discussed the proposal for the appropriation of profits with the Executive Board and approved the proposal in the light of the current and expected future financial position of the Group. Composition of the Executive Board and The composition of the Executive Board and Supervisory Board as at 30 September 2018 is presented in the tables on pages 112 for the Supervisory Board and page 114 for the Executive Board. SUPERVISORY BOARD Upon the close of the 2018 AGM, the second Deputy Chairman of the Supervisory Board, Sir Michael Hodgkinson, stepped down from the Supervisory Board. At the same AGM, Dr Dieter Zetsche was elected to serve on TUI AG's Supervisory Board for the next five years. The Supervisory Board elected Peter Long as its new second Deputy Chairman. PRESIDING COMMITTEE Sir Michael Hodgkinson stepped down from the Supervisory Board and thus also the Presiding Committee with effect from the close of the 2018 AGM. The Supervisory Board elected Peter Long as the fourth shareholder representative on the Presiding Committee. NOMINATION COMMITTEE Sir Michael Hodgkinson also stepped down from the Nomination Committee from the close of the 2018 AGM. The Supervisory Board elected Peter Long as his successor on the Nomination Committee. EXECUTIVE BOARD At the meeting on 13 March 2018, Birgit Conix was appointed to the Executive Board with effect from 15 July 2018 for a period of three years. Horst Baier stepped down from the Executive Board with effect from the close of 30 September 2018. He is succeeded by Birgit Conix. Word of thanks The Supervisory Board expressly thanks all employees of TUI Group for their day-to-day dedication, which has again contributed to a very successful financial year. Hanover, 12 December 2018 On behalf of the Supervisory Board: Prof. Klaus Mangold Chairman of the Supervisory Board AUDIT COMMITTEE REPORT Dear Shareholders, as the Audit Committee, it is our job to assist the Supervisory Board in carrying out its monitoring function during the financial year, particularly in relation to accounting and financial reporting for the TUI Group, as required by legal regulations, the German Corporate Governance Code as well as the UK Corporate Governance Code and the Supervisory Board Terms of Reference. In addition to these core functions, we are responsible in particular for monitoring the effectiveness and proper functioning of internal controls, the risk management system, the internal audit department and the legal compliance system. Furthermore, the Audit Committee is responsible for selecting external auditors. The selected auditors are then required to be put forward by the Supervisory Board to the Annual General Meeting for appointment. Following the appointment by the Annual General Meeting, the Supervisory Board formally commissions the external auditors with the task of auditing the annual financial statements and consolidated financial statements and reviewing the half-year financial statements as well as possible additional interim financial information, which comply with the requirements for half-year financial statements. The Audit Committee was elected by the Supervisory Board directly after the annual general meeting 2016 and currently consists of the following eight Supervisory Board members:
The membership of the Audit Committee members corresponds to the duration of their appointment to the Supervisory Board. There are no personnel changes to report in the composition of this committee since the last election. Both the Chairman of the Audit Committee and the remaining members of the Audit Committee are seen by the Supervisory Board as meeting the criterion of being independent. In addition to the Chairman of the Audit Committee, at least one other member is required to have expertise in the field of accounting and experience in the use of accounting principles and internal control systems. The Audit Committee has six regular meetings a year and additional topic-specific meetings may also be convened. These topic-specific meetings include one meeting in which the Executive Board explains to the Audit Committee the key content of the pre-close trading updates published shortly before the reporting date of the annual financial statements. The remaining meeting dates and agendas are geared in particular towards the Group's reporting cycle and the agendas of the Supervisory Board. The Chairman of the Audit Committee reports on the work of the Audit Committee and its proposals in the Supervisory Board meeting that follows each Audit Committee meeting. Apart from the Audit Committee members, the meetings have been attended by the Chairman of the Executive Board, the CFO and depending on the topics covered the Directors Group Financial Accounting & Reporting, Group Audit, Group Legal, Group Compliance & Risk and Group Treasury & Insurance. The external auditors have also been invited to meetings on relevant topics. Wherever required, additional members of TUI Group senior management and operational management have been asked to attend Audit Committee meetings, as have external consultants. Where it was deemed necessary to go into further detail on specific topics or cases, the Chairman of the Audit Committee held - in addition to Audit Committee meetings - individual meetings with the relevant Executive Board, senior management or auditor representatives. The Chairman of the Audit Committee reported on the key findings and conclusions from these meetings in the next Audit Committee meeting. The members took part in the Audit Committee meetings as shown in the table on page 17. Implementation of the European General Data ÂProtection Regulation Since 25 May 2018, the European General Data Protection Regulation (EU GDPR) is in place. Even though we are convinced that data protection, especially of customer data, has always been a high-priority matter within TUI, the new EU GDPR implemented new and extended regulations that need to be taken into account. In our meetings we regularly received reports on the status of the implementation in the single business units. Based upon this , we can report, that the implementation according to the specific national regulations was finished on time and that we are convinced that TUI took appropriate measures to comply with the EU GDPR rules. Reliability of financial reporting and monitoring of Âaccounting process The Executive Board of a German stock corporation (AktienÂgesellschaft) alone is responsible for preparing its Annual Report & Accounts (ARA). Section 243(2) of the German Commercial Code (HGB) requires the ARA to be clearly structured and to give a realistic overview of the company's financial situation. This is equivalent to the requirement of the UK Corporate Governance Code (UK CGC) for the ARA to be fair, balanced and understandable. Even though the evaluation of this requirement has not been transferred to the Audit Committee, the Executive Board is comfortable that the submitted ARA satisfies the requirements of both legal systems. In order to be sure ourselves of the reliability of both the annual financial statements and interim reporting, we have requested that the Executive Board informs us in detail about the Group's business performance and its financial situation. This was done in the four Audit Committee meetings that took place directly before the financial statements in question were published. In these meetings, the relevant reports were discussed and the auditors also reported in detail on key aspects of the financial statements and on the findings of their audit or review. In order to monitor accounting, we examined individual aspects in great detail. In addition, the accounting treatment of key balance sheet items were reviewed, in particular goodwill, advance payments for tourism services and other provisions. In consultation with the auditors, we made certain that the assumptions and estimates underlying the balance sheet were appropriate. In addition, any material legal disputes and key accounting issues arising from the operating businesses were assessed by the Audit Committee. In the period under review, we focused above all on the following individual subjects: As the transfer of the existing local brands to the uniform TUI brand in the course of the 'OneTUI' project is completed, we asked the management to inform us about the costs and benefits of the project during this financial year. Based on these information we estimate the costs as appropriate and justified by the sustainable benefits from a uniform international brand. Moreover, we discussed the results from a tax inspection for the Riu group, which led to additional taxes in this financial year. The Spanish tax authorities questioned the allocation of taxable profits to the companies involved in the sales organisation of the Riu group in different countries. We received a report on details of this issue and on the next steps to be taken. Additionally, we required a confirmation that there are no other similar organisational structures within the Riu group. Each quarterly reporting we asked for a report on the risks from guarantee and advance payment mechanisms related to Group and third-party hotels in Turkey and North Africa and on the countermeasures being undertaken, even though the bookings showed a noticeable recovery for these destinations in this financial year. Besides, we gathered information about corporate transactions of the financial year. Furthermore, we also examined TUI's investing activity in the following areas: Airlines, Hotels & Resorts, Cruises and IT. We obtained explanations of the key investments within the Group divisions and the earnings contributions from these investments. The Audit Committee also discussed the going concern and viability statement analysis prepared by the company to support the statements made in the half-year report and the ARA. Starting with FY 2018, the management report must contain information on corporate social responsibility (CSR). TUI started to publish the respective information already in FY 2017. The responsibility for the review of the content lies with the Supervisory Board. The Supervisory Board decided to take support from the Group Audit department of TUI. Accordingly, we asked Group Audit to inform us about the findings of their evaluation during this financial year and we are convinced that the content of the CSR report is suitable and fair. In addition, the consistency of the reconciliation from profit before tax to the key figure 'underlying earnings' and the material adjustments were discussed for all quarterly reports and for the annual financial statements. Our evaluation of all discussed aspects of accounting and financial reporting is in line with that of both management and the Group auditors. Effectiveness of internal controls and the risk Âmanagement system The Audit Committee recognises that a robust and effective system of internal control is critical to achieving reliable and consistent business performance. To fulfil its legal obligation to examine the effectiveness of internal controls and the risk management system, the Audit Committee is informed regularly about their current status and also about the further development of them. The Group has continued to evolve its internal control framework which is underpinned by the COSO concept. Regular testing by management of the key financial controls is now a matter of routine in the larger businesses, and in our two largest source markets (UK and Germany) more widespread testing of internal controls is conducted. Within the Group, the compliance function is further broken down into three areas: Finance, Legal and IT. These teams play a crucial role in improving controls across the Group and identifying areas where more focus is required. The Group auditors also report to us on any weaknesses they find in the internal control system of individual Group companies, and management tracks these items to ensure that they are addressed on a timely basis. As stated from page 40 of the risk report, the Audit Committee receives regular reports on the performance and effectiveness of the risk management system. The Risk Oversight Committee is an important management committee within the Group and we are satisfied that there is appropriate, active management of risk throughout the Group. The Group Audit department ensures the independent monitoring of implemented processes and systems as well as of core projects and reports directly to the Audit Committee in each regular meeting. In the period under review, the Audit Committee was not provided with any audit findings indicating material weaknesses in internal controls or the risk management system. As well as this, talks are held regularly between the Chairman of the Audit Committee and the Director of Group Audit for the purposes of closer consultation. The audits planned by the Group Audit department for the following year were presented to the Audit Committee in detail, discussed and approved. The Audit Committee feels that the effectiveness of the Group Audit department is ensured through this regular consultation. The legal compliance system was examined via checklists and, for the first time, also by a self-assessment of the entities. The group-wide, uniformly implemented system was presented to us and we received a report about the conducted risk analysis and the measures derived from it. In addition to the core elements of the internal control and risk management system, the Group's hedging policy was part of the reporting to us during the year. Whistleblower systems for employees in the event of compliance breaches Whistleblower systems have been set up across the Group to enable employees to draw attention to potential breaches of compliance guidelines. Reporting on the legal compliance system included information about the group-wide standardisation of these whistleblower systems and we were also shown the main findings during the current financial year from this system. Examination of auditor independence and objectivity For FY 2018, the Audit Committee recommended to the Supervisory Board that it proposes Deloitte GmbH Wirtschaftsprüfungsgesellschaft (Deloitte) to the Annual General Meeting as auditors. Following the commissioning of Deloitte as auditors by the Annual General Meeting in February 2018, the Supervisory Board appointed Deloitte with the task of auditing the 2018 annual financial statements and reviewing the half-year financial statements as per 31 March 2018. The Chairman of the Audit Committee discussed with Deloitte in advance the audit plan for the annual financial statements as at 30 September 2018, including the key areas of focus for the audit and the main companies to be audited from the Group's perspective. Based on this, the Audit Committee firmly believes that the audit has taken into account the main financial risks to an appropriate degree and is satisfied that the auditors are independent and objective in how they conduct their work. The audit fees were discussed with the auditors and we are convinced that the amount of these costs is reasonable. Based on the regular reporting by the auditors, we have every confidence in the effectiveness of the external audit. Therefore, we decided to recommend to the Supervisory Board that it propose to the AnnualGeneral Meeting to elect Deloitte as auditors for the FY 2019 as well. In a tender process in the FY 2016, Deloitte was selected as auditors and continued to be auditor since the first election by the Annual General Meeting in 2017. In order to ensure the independence of the auditors, any non-audit services to be performed by the auditors must be submitted to the Audit Committee for approval before commissioning. Depending on the amount involved, the Audit Committee makes use of the option of delegating the approval to the company. The Audit Committee Chairman is only involved in the decision once a specified cost limit has been reached. Insofar as the auditor has performed services that do not fall under the Group audit, the nature and extent of these have been explained to the Audit Committee. This process complies with the company's existing guideline regarding the Âapproval of non-audit services and it takes into account the requirements from the AReG regulations on prohibited non-audit services and on limitations of the scope of non-audit services. In FY 2018, these non-audit services accounted for 7 % of the auditor's overall fee of EUR 9,8 million. I would like to take this opportunity to thank the Audit Committee members, the auditors and the management for their hard work over the past financial year. Hanover, 11 December 2018 Prof. Edgar Ernst Chairman of the Audit Committee TUI Group Strategy Strategy & Business Model The leisure travel market has consistently outperformed world output growth over the last decade. This market is also projected to remain very attractive in the future. However, the traditional tour operator and package holiday market remains highly competitive. Online Travel Agencies have started to combine hotel and flight offerings by providing customers with dynamic packaging. In Âaddition, airline operators now provide holiday accommodation as an add-on to de-risk their own flight capacity, supported by Âincreasingly sourcing hotels directly. Meanwhile it is increasingly likely that there will be new market entrants, for example in the form of global tech companies. Against this background, TUI has strategically moved away from the traditional tour operator model and developed into an integrated provider of Holiday Experiences. We have invested in our own product offerings, enabling us to create unique holidays for our customers, which is a key differentiation factor from our competitors. A TUI customer could be inspired by TUI, and book with TUI, and then experience a TUI flight, TUI transfer in destination, TUI hotel / cruise and TUI activity, as part of our end to end integrated product offering. This means our customers receive a holistic and seamless experience, while TUI receives more accurate information about what our customers truly want, helping our aim to further facilitate individualised offerings. From an end to end customer journey perspective, around 70 % of our underlying EBITA comes from our own and committed differentiated products. Holiday Experiences TUI operates 380 hotels and 16 cruise ships globally through ownership, JVs, management contracts, leases or franchise, and maintains a strong position in the growing tours & activities market with our 150 k excursion and activity offerings. Our differentiated hotel and club brand portfolio, our uniquely positioned German and UK cruise brands, and our global tours, activities and services destination business is well diversified to mitigate content cluster risks. Details see from page 32 Our strong and in the future fully digitalised risk management tools within distribution and purchasing, allow us to optimise occupancy and yield. 23 m customers come through our Markets & Airlines, including joint ventures in Canada and Russia, complemented by 4 m customers sold either directly by Holiday Experiences, or via third parties. An optimised and in the future fully dynamic allocation of around 100 m bed nights and approx. EUR 5 bn third party hotel beds purchasing volume globally, will further contribute to our yield maximisation. As part of our divisional strategy, we continue to invest into the growth and diversification of our hotel and cruise portfolio, leading to a more seasonally robust business mix delivering superior margins. Looking ahead, building a new Southeast Asia hotel cluster is a strategic priority. In addition we have a strong pipeline of new ship deliveries in the coming years. The global and pre-dominantly offline, fast growing tours and activities market, worth over EUR 150 bn is highly fragmented with over 300 k providers and therefore offers a strong growth and consolidation opportunity for TUI Group. By acquiring the Hotelbeds Destination Management business and the technology platform specialist Musement, TUI has built a leading and fully digitalised Destination Experiences business. From FY 2019 onwards we operate in 49 countries with over 150 k excursions and activities in destinations in our inventory for our own and third party customers. This set up allows us to offer our 27 m customers excursions and activities, in particular even prior to the customers' arrival in the destination. The trust in our brand and our strong fulfillment capabilities allow us to fulfill our customers' expectations from order intake to payment. Markets & Airlines TUI operates a customer centric and diversified distribution and fulfillment business across Europe. We combine leveraging our strong market and customer knowledge, driving customer satisfaction and retention, with service and fulfillment. Packaging and purchasing is increasingly driven through our digital platforms and our own airlines, supported by third party flights, facilitate the link between customer demand and our own, as well as third party committed and non-committed hotel and cruise offerings. Enhancing efficiency by harmonising these regional market organisations, which include our airlines as well, is a key strategic priority. In addition, we intend to diversify our existing market footprint further. Through our fully digital LTE platform, we are pursuing a low risk entry strategy, simultaneously improving our position to yield our Holiday Experiences' risk capacity through additional new source market demand. Group Platforms Our Group platform initiatives, in particular around IT and digitalised customer relationship management, will enable us to enhance our Group yields further. By individualising our offerings and identifying the next best activity for our customers, enabled by our integrated content management and distribution business model, we enhance customer satisfaction and drive our ancillary yields, a win-win Âopportunity. As an example, our select your room initiative, allows our customers to book their preferred and specific hotel room, which moves our offering from room category pricing to individualised room pricing. It is the integrated and double diversified nature of our business, which sets us apart from the competition. Our integrated business model proves to be robust, offering flexibility to react to external challenges, either in one of our Markets & Airlines or destinations. Capital Allocation We will continue to operate within a clearly defined and disciplined capital allocation framework. Our strong cash generation allows us to invest, pay dividends and strengthen the balance sheet. Since the merger, we have generated around EUR 2 bn of disposal proceeds, which we have reinvested primarily into our higher margin, lower seasonality and better quality Holiday Experiences business, with a ROIC hurdle rate for growth investments of at least 15 % on average. We also invest via ring-fenced joint ventures, make use of highly efficient asset finance and other finance instruments, as well as more 'asset light' hotel management contracts, to optimise the cash flow available to shareholders. Finally, we have a clear financial policy to ensure balance sheet stability, targeting a leverage ratio of 3.0 times to 2.25 times and coverage ratio of 5.75 times to 6.75 times. Summary Looking ahead, we continue to expect to deliver superior annual earnings growth with improved seasonality, strong cash conversion and strong ROIC performance. This will be driven by benefits of our digitalisation efforts, efficiency measures and differentiation strategy through the Âdisciplined expansion of own hotel and cruise, plus destination experience content. Please refer to the Guidance section from page 56 for further details. Our employees Qualified and engaged employees are a major prerequisite for TUI's long-term success. We are Âaiming to be an attractive employer, Âencouraging our employees to engage with passion and Âpersonality. One of the key elements of our global HR strategy, therefore, is to attract and promote people with talent and to Âretain them by offering attractive employment Âconditions. In 2018, our Âengagement index* is 76, one point below previous year's value. Our goal is to achieve a colleague Âengagement score of over 80 by 2020 in order to be among the Top 25 global companies. At the same time, digital transformation creates technical, cultural and organisational challenges * The Engagement Index comprises the individual commitment Our environment For TUI Group, economic, environmental and Âsocial sustainability is a fundamental management principle and a cornerstone of our strategy for continually enhancing the value of our Company. This is the way we create the conditions for long-term economic success and assume responsibility for sustainable development in the tourism sector. The goals we set ourselves in our 'Better Holidays, Better World' sustainability strategy include 'Step lightly', where we aim to reduce the environmental impact of our business operations and to fix clear, ambitious goals for improvements in all Group areas. Greenhouse gas emissions and the impact of these emissions on climate change pose one of the major global challenges for the tourism sector. Our goal: We will operate the most carbon-efficient airlines in Europe and cut the carbon intensity of our operations by 10 % by 2020 (baseline year 2014). Corporate profile How we do it - Group structure TUI AG parent company TUI AG is TUI Group's parent company headquartered in Hanover and Berlin. It holds direct or, via its affiliates, indirect interests in the principal Group companies conducting the Group's operating business in individual countries. Overall, TUI AG's group of consolidated companies comprised 285 direct and indirect subsidiaries at the balance sheet date. A further 17 affiliated companies and 27 joint ventures were included in TUI AG's consolidated financial statements on the basis of at equity measurement. For further details on principles and methods of consolidation and TUI Group shareholdings see pages 161 and 251. Organisation and management TUI AG is a stock corporation under German law, whose basic principle is dual management by two boards, the Executive Board and the Supervisory Board. The Executive and Supervisory Boards cooperate closely in governing and monitoring the Company. The Executive Board is responsible for the overall management of the Company. The appointment and removal of Board members is based on sections 84 et seq. of the German Stock Corporation Act in combination with section 31 of the German Co-Determination Act. Amendments to the Articles of Association are effected on the basis of the provisions of sections 179 et seq. of the German Stock Corporation Act in combination with section 24 of TUI AG's Articles of Association. Executive Board and Group Executive Committee As at the balance sheet date, the Executive Board of TUI AG consisted of the CEO and five other Board members. For details on Executive Board members see page 114 A Group Executive Committee was set up in order to manage TUI Group strategically and operationally. As at 30 September 2018, the Committee consisted of twelve members who meet under the chairmanship of CEO Friedrich Joussen. TUI Group structure Since the merger between TUI AG and TUI Travel PLC in December 2014, TUI Group has been a world market leader in tourism. Its core businesses, Holiday Experiences and Markets & Airlines, are clustered into the segments Hotels & Resorts, Cruises and Destination Experiences as well as three regions: Northern, Central and Western Regions. TUI Group also comprises All other segments. In FY 2018 we have adjusted our segmental reporting to reflect the growing strategic importance of the services delivered in our destinations. Destination Experiences is now reported separately in the segmental structure, and within Holiday Experiences together with Hotels & Resorts and Cruises. The further businesses of former Other Tourism and All other segments have been combined into All other segments. There are no changes to the total numbers. The prior year's reference figures were restated accordingly. Holiday Experiences Holiday Experiences comprises our hotel, cruise and destination activities. Hotels & Resorts The Hotels & Resorts segment comprises TUI Group's diversified portfolio of Group hotel brands and hotel companies. The segment includes ownership in hotels, joint ventures with local partners, stakes in companies giving TUI a significant influence, and hotels operated under management contracts. In FY 2018, Hotels & Resorts comprised a total of 330 hotels with 241,207 beds. 306 TUI Hotels & Resorts, i. e. the majority, are in the four- or five-star category. 45 % were operated under management contracts, 40 % were owned by one of the hotel companies, 13 % were leased and 2 % of the hotels were managed under franchise agreements. In addition there are also 50 concept hotels operated by third party hoteliers under the TUI concept brands, TUI Sensatori, TUI Sensimar and TUI Family Life, making a total of 380 Group hotels, incuding third party.
* rooms Riu is the largest hotel company in the portfolio of Hotels & Resorts. The Majorca-based enterprise has a high proportion of regular customers and stands for professionalism and excellent service. Most of the hotels are in the premium and comfort segments and they are predominantly located in Spain, Mexico and the Caribbean. Robinson, the leading provider in the German-speaking premium club holiday segment, is characterised by its professional sport, entertainment and event portfolio. Moreover, the clubs offer high-Âquality hotel amenities, excellent service and spacious architecture. Most of the hotels are located in Spain, Greece, Turkey, the Maldives and Austria. The facilities are also aspirational in terms of promoting sustainable development and signing up to specific environmental standards. Blue Diamond is a fast growing resort chain in the Caribbean with a unique approach of tailoring hotels to meet the highest expectations. 26 Blue Diamond resorts are shown in the segment. Other hotel companies include in particular the Group's other core brands TUI Blue and TUI Magic Life, as well as our exclusive hotel concepts TUI Sensimar, TUI Sensatori and TUI Family Life. They provide holidays in top locations in our destinations and meet high performance, quality and environmental standards. Cruises The Cruises segment consists of the joint venture TUI Cruises, Marella Cruises and Hapag-Lloyd Cruises. With their combined fleet of 16 vessels, the three cruise lines offer different service concepts to serve different target groups.
As at 30 September 2018 Hamburg-based TUI Cruises is a joint venture formed in 2008 between TUI AG and the US shipping company Royal Caribbean Cruises Ltd., in which each partner holds a 50 % stake. With six ships so far, TUI Cruises is top-ranked in the German-speaking premium market for cruises. The Berlitz Cruise Guide, the most important international reference guide for cruise ship ratings, rated Mein Schiff 3, Mein Schiff 4, Mein Schiff 5 and Mein Schiff 6 among the world's five best liners in the category 'Large Ships'. Marella Cruises, operated under the brand Thomson Cruises until October 2017, offers voyages for different segments in the British market with a fleet of six cruise liners. Hapag-Lloyd Cruises is based in Hamburg, and it holds a position of leadership in the German-language market with its fleet of four liners in the luxury and expedition cruise segments. Its flagships Europa and Europa 2 were again awarded the top rating - the 5-stars-plus category - by the Berlitz Cruise Guide. Its expedition liners include Hanseatic and Bremen. Hanseatic nature and Hanseatic inspiration will complement the luxury expedition segment from 2019. Destination Experiences The Destination Experiences segment delivers local services in the worldwide holiday destinations. TUI employs people in 49 countries to ensure these services and is among the top providers of tours, activities and excursions in the destinations. Thanks to the acquisition of the technology start-up Musement in October 2018, TUI now has an online platform that gives small and medium-sized companies the opportunity to offer their services in the holiday destinations following quality checks. Markets & Airlines (formerly Sales & Marketing) With our three regions Northern, Central and Western Region, we have well positioned sales and marketing structures providing more than 23 m customers (including via our JVs in Canada and Russia) a year with exceptional holiday experiences. Our sales activities are based on online and offline channels that also benefit from TUI's strong market position. The travel agencies include Group-owned agencies as well as joint ventures and agencies operated by third parties. Thanks to our direct customer access, we are able to build close relationships with our guests, and in future this will allow us to gear their entire holiday experience even more closely to their personal wishes and preferences, giving us a crucial advantage over our competitors. In order to offer our customers a wide choice of hotels, our Markets & Airlines organisations have access to the exclusive portfolio of TUI hotels. They also have access to third-party bed capacity, some of which have been contractually committed. Our own flight capacity continues to play a key role in our integrated business model. A combination of owned and third-party flying capacity enables us to offer tailor-made travel programmes for each individual source market region and to respond flexibly to changes in customer preferences. Thanks to the balanced management of flight and hotel capacity, we are able to develop high-profile destinations and optimise the margins of both service providers. In FY 2018, we continued to deliver our internal efficiency enhancement programme at one Aviation, delivering further economies of scale. In the financial year under review, we continued our path towards a modern, fuel-Âefficient fleet. In 2018, the first Boeing 737 Max jets were delivered. TUI Group has ordered a total of 68 planes of this type, considered to be the state of the art in this category of aircraft. They are scheduled for delivery by 2023. Overall, there are more than 150 aircraft in the TUI fleet. Northern Region The Northern Region segment comprises tour operator activities and airlines in the UK, Ireland and the Nordics. In addition, the Canadian strategic venture Sunwing and the joint venture TUI Russia have been included within this segment. Central Region The Central Region segment comprises the tour operator activities and airlines in Germany and the tour operator activities in Austria, Switzerland and Poland. Western Region The tour operator activities and airlines in Belgium, the Netherlands and the tour operator activities in France are included within the segment Western Region. All other Segments The category 'All other segments' includes our business activities for the new markets, the French airline Corsair, the corporate centre functions of TUI AG and the interim holdings, as well as the Group's real estate companies. Research and development As a tourism service provider, the TUI Group does not engage in research and development activities comparable with manufacturing companies. This sub-report is therefore not prepared. Value-oriented Group management Management system and key performance indicators A standardised management system has been created to implement value-driven management across the Group as a whole and in its individual business segments. The value-oriented management system is an integral part of consistent Group-wide planning and controlling processes. Our key financial performance indicators for the development of the earnings position are turnover and the Group's underlying earnings before interest, taxes and expenses for the measurement of interest hedges and amortisation of goodwill (underlying EBITA). EBITA and underlying EBITA do not include measurement effects from interest hedges. In the prior year it did not include earnings effects from container shipping. Underlying EBITA has been Âadjusted for gains on disposal of investments, restructuring Âexpenses according to IAS 37, all effects of purchase price allocations, ancillary acquisition costs and conditional purchase price payments as well as other expenses for and income from one-off items. One-off items carried as adjustments are income and Âexpense items impacting or distorting the assessment of the operating profitability of the segments and the Group due to their level and frequency. These one-off items include in particular major restructuring and integration expenses not meeting the criteria of IAS 37, major expenses for litigation, gains and losses from the sale of aircraft and other material business transactions of a one-off nature. For the development of the Group's financial position in FY 2018, we have identified TUI Group's net capital expenditure and investments and net financial position as key performance indicators. Instead of the net financial position, we will report the Group's leverage ratio as the key performance indicator for its financial position from FY 2019. Key management variables used for regular value analysis are Return On Invested Capital (ROIC) and Economic Value Added. ROIC is compared with the segment-specific cost of capital. We regard specific CO2 emissions (in g CO2 / PKM) of our aircraft fleet as a key non-financial performance indicator. In order to track business performance in our segments in the course of the year, we also monitor other secondary non-financial performance indicators, such as customer numbers in Markets & Airlines, and capacity or passenger days, occupancy and average prices in Hotels & Resorts and Cruises. Information on operating performance indicators is provided in the sections 'Segmental performance' on page 67 and 'The environment' on page 86. Cost of capital (WACC)
1 Segment beta based on peer group, group beta based on Capital IQ data base. 2 Segment share based on peer group, group share based on Capital IQ data base. 3 Due to insufficient statistical significance of Thomas Cook Group plc and H.I.S. Co., Ltd. shown in the standard procedure of beta regression The cost of capital is calculated as the weighted average cost of equity and debt capital (WACC). While the cost of equity reflects the return expected by investors from TUI shares, the cost of debt capital is based on the average borrowing costs of the TUI Group. The cost of capital always shows pre-tax costs, i. e. costs before corporate and investor taxes. The expected return determined in this way is subjected to the same tax level as the underlying earnings included in ROIC. ROIC and Economic Value Added ROIC is calculated as the ratio of underlying earnings before interest, taxes and amortisation of goodwill (underlying EBITA) to the average invested interest-bearing capital (invested capital) for the relevant segment. Given its definition, this performance indicator is not influenced by any tax or financial factors and has been adjusted for one-off items. From a Group perspective, invested capital is derived from liabilities, comprising equity (including non-controlling interests) and the balance of interest-bearing liabilities and interest-Âbearing assets and an adjustment to reflect the seasonal change in the Group's net financial position. The cumulative amortisations of purchase price allocations are then added to invested capital. Apart from ROIC as a relative performance indicator, Economic Value Added is used as an absolute value-oriented performance indicator. Economic Value Added is calculated as the product of ROIC less associated capital costs multiplied by invested interest-Âbearing capital.
1 Adjustment to net debt to reflect a seasonal average cash balance 2 Average value based on balance at beginning and year-end For TUI Group, ROIC was 23.04 %, down by 0.57 percentage points year-on-year. With the cost of capital at 6.37 %, this yielded positive Economic Value Added of EUR 829.9 m (previous year EUR 787.0 m). Group indicators used in the remuneration JEV-relevant Group result at constant currency When determining the Executive Board's annual performance-Âbased remuneration (JEV), the Group's EBT (earnings before taxes) on a constant currency basis is applied with a weighting of 50 %. Using this indicator means that the net financial result is included in calculations of JEV. It is adjusted for foreign exchange effects so that actual management performance can be measured without distortion from the impact of currency translation. EBT on a constant currency basis was as follows in the financial year under review:
JEV-relevant Return on Invested Capital (ROIC) The Group performance indicator ROIC is applied to JEV with a weighting of 25 %. TUI Group's ROIC for the calculation of JEV is derived from the ratio of the Group's EBITA to the average invested interest-bearing capital for the financial year. TUI Group's ROIC used to calculate JEV was as follows in the financial year under review:
* Average value based on balance at beginning and year-end JEV-relevant cash flow The third Group performance indicator included in the calculation of JEV is the cash flow component 'Cash flow to the firm' with a weighting of 25 %. For this purpose, the cash flow to the firm is calculated using a simplified approach based on the management cash flow calculation, which covers the liquidity parameters directly controlled by the Executive Board (depreciation / amortisation, working capital, income from investments and dividends, net investments) on the basis of TUI Group's EBITA, adjusted for foreign exchange effects. The cash flow to the firm used to calculate JEV was as follows in the financial year under review:
Underlying earnings per share When determining the long-term remuneration of the Executive Board (Long Term Incentive Plan - LTIP), the average development of underlying earnings per share from continuing operations (LTIP-relevant EPS) is applied with a weighting of 50 %. The table below shows TUI Group's underlying earnings per share. The net interest expense used for the calculation was adjusted for interest portions of the reversal of a provision of EUR 31.2 m recognised in the financial year under review. A normalised Group tax rate of 20 % was assumed for the calculation. An adjustment was carried for non-controlling interests to reflect the normalised tax rate used in determining underlying earnings per share in the financial year under review. The calculation is based on subscribed capital at the balance sheet date. Underlying earnings per share from continuing operations (LTIP-relevant EPS) developed as follows in the financial year Âunder review:
RISK REPORT Successful management of existing and emerging risks is critical to the long-term success of our business and to the achievement of our strategic objectives. In order to seize market opportunities and leverage the potential for success, risk must be accepted to a reasonable degree. Risk management is therefore an integral component of the Group's Corporate Governance. The current financial year has seen further maturity of the risk management system with the introduction of an aligned operational controls testing process in addition to regular testing of key financial controls occurring across all of our larger businesses. Further cohesion between all risk & control functions is being implemented to support an integrated assurance process between all of the second lines of defense departments. Our risk governance framework is set out below: Risk Governance Executive Board - Direct & Assure With oversight by the Supervisory Board, the Executive Board determines the strategic direction of the Group and agrees the nature and extent of the risks it is willing to take to achieve its strategic objectives. To ensure that the strategic direction chosen by the business represents the best of the strategic options open to it, the Executive Board is supported by the Group Strategy function. This function exists to facilitate the Executive Board's assessment of the risk landscape and development of potential strategies by which it can drive long-term shareholder value. On an annual basis the Group Strategy function develops an in-depth fact base in a consistent format which outlines the market attractiveness, competitive position and financial performance by division and market. These are then used to facilitate debate as to the level and type of risk that the Executive Board finds appropriate in the pursuit of its strategic objectives. The strategy, once fully defined, considered and approved by the Executive Board, is then incorporated into the Group's three-year roadmap and helps to communicate the risk appetite and expectations of the organisation both internally and externally. Ultimately, accountability for the Group's risk management rests with the Executive Board and therefore it has established and maintains a risk management system to identify, assess, manage and monitor risks which could threaten the existence of the company or have a significant impact on the achievement of its strategic objectives: these are referred to as the principal risks of the Group. This risk management system includes an internally-Âpublished risk management policy which helps to reinforce the tone set from the top on risk, by instilling an appropriate risk culture in the organisation whereby employees are expected to be risk aware, control minded and 'do the right thing'. The policy provides a formal structure for risk management to embed it in the fabric of the business. Each principal risk has assigned to it a member of the Executive Committee as overall risk sponsor to ensure that there is clarity of responsibility and to ensure that each of the principal risks are understood fully and managed effectively. The Executive Board regularly reports to the Audit Committee of the Supervisory Board on the adherence to both the UK and German listing requirements, the overall risk position of the Group, on the individual principal risks and their management, and on the performance and effectiveness of the risk management system as a whole. Risk Oversight Committee - Review & Communicate On behalf of the Executive Board, the Risk Oversight Committee (the ROC), a subset of the Executive Committee, ensures that business risks are identified, assessed, managed and monitored across the businesses and functions of the Group. Meeting on at least a quarterly basis, the ROC's responsibilities include considering the principal risks to the Group's strategy and the risk appetite for each of those risks, assessing the operational effectiveness of the controls in place to manage those risks and any action plans to further improve controls, as well as reviewing the bottom-up risk reporting from the businesses themselves to assess whether there are any heightened areas of concern. Senior executives from the Group's major businesses are required to attend the ROC on a rotational basis and present on the risk and control framework in their business, so that the members of the ROC can ask questions on the processes in place, the risks present in each business and any new or evolving risks which may be on their horizon, and also to seek confirmation that an appropriate risk culture continues to be in place in each of the major businesses. Chaired by the Chief Financial Officer, other members of the Committee include the CEO Aviation, the directors of Strategy, Financial Accounting, Treasury & Insurance and Group HR. In addition to these, all of the second lines of defense functions including Risk, Financial Control, Legal Compliance, IT Security and Health & Safety are represented on the committee. The director of Group Audit attends as an independent member and therefore is without voting rights. The ROC reports bi-annually to the Executive Board to ensure that it is kept abreast of changes in the risk landscape and developments in the management of principal risks, and to facilitate regular quality discussions on risk management at the Executive Board meetings. Group Risk Department - Support & Report The Executive Board has also established a Group Risk department to ensure that the risk management system functions effectively and that the risk management policy is implemented appropriately across the Group. The department supports the risk management process by providing guidance, support and challenge to management whilst acting as the central point for coordinating, monitoring and reporting on risk across the Group. It also supports the ROC in fulfilling it's duties and the reporting to both the Executive and Supervisory Boards. Additionally, Group Risk is responsible for the operation of the risk and control software that underpins the Group's risk reporting and risk management process. Businesses & Functions - Identify & Assess Every business and function in the Group is required to adopt the Group Risk Management policy. In order to do this, each either has their own Risk Committee or includes risk as a regular agenda item at their Board meetings to ensure that it receives the appropriate senior management attention within their business. In addition, the businesses each appoint a Risk Champion, who promotes the risk management policy within their business and ensures its effective application. The Risk Champions are in close contact with Group Risk and are critical both in ensuring that the risk management system functions effectively, and in implementing a culture of continuous improvement in risk management and reporting. Risk Reporting The Group Risk department applies a consistent risk reporting methodology across the Group. This is underpinned by a risk and control software which reinforces clarity of language, visibility of risks, controls and actions and accountability of ownership. Although the process of risk identification, assessment and response is continuous and embedded within the day-to-day operations of the businesses and functions, it is consolidated, reported and reviewed at varying levels throughout the Group on at least a quarterly basis. Risk Identification: Management closest to the risks identify the risks relevant to the pursuit of the strategy within their business area in the context of four risk types:
A risk owner is assigned to each risk, who has the accountability and authority for ensuring that the risk is appropriately managed. Risk Descriptions: The nature of the risk is articulated in line with best practice, stating the underlying concern the risk gives arise to, identifying the possible causal factors that may result in the risk materializing and outlining the potential consequences should the risk crystallise. This allows the businesses, functions and the Group to assess the interaction of risks and potential triggering events and / or aggregated impacts before developing appropriate mitigation strategies for causes and / or consequences. Risk Assessment: The methodology used is to initially assess the gross (or inherent) risk. This is essentially the worst case scenario, being the product of the impact together with the likelihood of the risk materializing if there are no controls in place to manage, mitigate or monitor the risk. The key benefit of assessing the gross risk is that it highlights the potential risk exposure if controls were to fail completely or not be in place at all. Both impact and likelihood are scored on a rating of 1 to 5 using the criteria shown on the right:
* Budgeted underlying EBITA for the financial year ended 30 September 2018
The next step in the risk reporting process is to assess and document the controls that are currently in place to reduce the likelihood of the risk materializing and / or its impact if it does. Consideration of these then enables the current (or residual) risk score to be assessed, which is essentially the reasonably foreseeable scenario. This measures the impact and likelihood of the risk with the implemented controls in operation. The key benefit of assessing the current risk score is that it provides an understanding of the current level of risk faced today and the reliance on the controls currently in place. Risk Response: If management are comfortable with the current risk score, the risk is accepted and no further action is required to further reduce the risk. The controls in place continue to be operated and management monitor the risk, the controls and the risk landscape to ensure that they stay in line with management's tolerance of the risk. If management assesses that the current risk score is too high, an action plan will be drawn up with the objective of introducing new or stronger controls that will further reduce the impact and / or likelihood of the risk to an acceptable, tolerable and justifiable level. This is known as the target risk score and is the parameter by which management can ensure the risk is being managed in line with their overall risk appetite. The risk owner will normally be the individual tasked with ensuring that this action plan is implemented within an agreed timetable. Each business and function will continue to review their risk register on an ongoing basis through the mechanism appropriate for their business e. g. local Risk Committee. This bottom-up risk reporting is considered by the ROC alongside the Group's principal risks. New risks are added to the Group's principal risk register if deemed to be of a significant nature so that the ongoing status and the progression of key action plans can be managed in line with the Group's targets and expectations. Ad Hoc Risk Reporting Whilst there is a formal process in place for reporting on risks on a quarterly basis, the process of risk identification, assessment and response is continuous and therefore if required, risks can be reported to the Executive Board outside of the quarterly process, should events dictate that this is necessary and appropriate. Ideally such ad hoc reporting is performed by the business or function which is closest to the risk, but it can be performed by the Group Risk department if necessary. Entity Scoping A robust exercise is conducted each year to determine the specific entities in the Group which need to be included within the risk and control software and therefore be subject to the full rigor of the risk reporting process. The scoping exercise starts with the entities included within the Group's consolidation system, and applies materiality thresholds to a combination of revenue, profit and asset benchmarks. From the entities this identifies, the common business management level at which those entities are managed is identified to dictate the entities which need to be included in the risk and control software itself to facilitate completeness of bottom-up risk reporting across the Group. This ensures that the risks and controls are able to be captured appropriately at the level at which the risks are being managed. Effectiveness of the Risk Management System The Executive Board regularly reports to the Audit Committee of the Supervisory Board on the performance, effectiveness and adherence to listing requirements of the risk management system, supported by the ROC and the Group Risk department. Additionally, the Audit Committee receives assurance from Group Audit through its audit plan over a selection of principal risks and Âbusiness transformation initiatives most critical to the Group's continued success. The conclusion from all of the above assurance work is that the risk management system has functioned effectively throughout the year and there have been no significant failings or weaknesses identified. Of course there is always room for improvement, and the Risk Champions and the Group Risk department continue to work together to enhance the risk management and reporting processes. Broadly this concerns ensuring consistency of approach in assessing risk scores, clearer identification of controls currently in place as well as any action plans to introduce further controls, and ensuring that risk identification has considered all four risk types. Finally, in accordance with Section 317 (4) HGB (German Commercial Code), the auditor of TUI AG has reviewed the Group's early detection system for risks in place as required by Section 91 (2) AktG (German Stock Corporation Act) to conclude, if the system can fulfill its duties. Principal Risks The principal risks to the Group are either considered to be 'Active' or 'Monitored'. Active principal risks are those that we have to actively manage in order to bring them into line with our overall risk appetite. We have action plans in place to increase controls around each of these risks and reduce the current risk score to the target level indicated in the heat map diagram. Monitored principal risks are generally inherent to the tourism sector faced by all businesses in the industry. For these, we have controls, processes and procedures in place as a matter of course that serve to mitigate each risk to either minimize the likelihood of the event occurring and / or minimize the impact if it does occur. These risks remain on our risk radar where we regularly monitor the risk, the controls and the risk landscape to ensure that the risk score stays stable and in line with our risk appetite in each case. In the heat map diagram, the assessment criteria used are shown on page 43. Note that the quantitative impact assessment is based on the budgeted underlying EBITA for the financial year ended 30 September 2018. FY 2018 Principal Risks With the UK government formally triggering Article 50 of the Treaty on European Union of Lisbon on 29th March 2017, Brexit continues to remain an active principal risk. Brexit has an impact both on existing principal risks (e. g. Macroeconomic and Input Cost Volatility, particularly for the UK market through the uncertainty it has introduced to prospects for future growth rates in the UK economy and the depreciation of sterling since the referendum result in 2016) as well as its own class of principal risk due to the direct potential impact it could have on specific areas of our business model. The main concern related to Brexit continues to be whether our airlines will continue to have access to EU airspace. We will continue to address the importance of there being a special agreement for aviation to protect consumer choice with the relevant UK and EU ministers and officials, and are in regular exchange with relevant regulatory authorities. We are currently developing scenarios and mitigating strategies for various outcomes, including a 'hard Brexit', depending on the political negotiations, with a focus to Âalleviate any potential impacts from Brexit for the Group. Our Brexit Steering Committee continues to monitor external developments and coordinates measures to be taken ahead of March 2019, when the UK will be formally exiting the European Union. Beyond weekly meetings an the level of different internal Brexit work-streams, the topic is also regularly (bi-weekly / monthly) discussed in the TUI Group Executive Committee (GEC), and the Supervisory Board has been updated quarterly in 2018. With the EU GDPR regulation being enforced in May 2018, whereby any data breaches may result in a significant financial penalty, the gross score of the Information Security principal risk has increased. Our mitigation strategy including making information security part of everyone's job continues to focus on managing the likelihood of this risk materializing. As the brand change program has been successfully implemented in all markets, the related risk is no longer considered principal to the Group. If the risk detail in the subsequent tables does not suggest otherwise, the risks shown below relate to all segments of the Group. The risks listed are the principal risks to which we are exposed but are not exhaustive and will evolve over time due to the dynamic nature of our business. Active Principal Risks Nature of Risk 1. IT DEVELOPMENT & STRATEGY Our focus is on enhancing customer experience by providing Âengaging, intuitive, seamless and continuous customer service through delivery of leading digital solutions, core platform capabilities, underlying technical infrastructure and IT services required to support the Group's overall strategy for driving profitable top-line growth. If we are ineffective in our IT strategy or technology development this could impact on our ability to provide leading technology solutions in our markets and therefore impacting on our competitiveness, our ability to provide a superior customer experience and associated impact on quality and operational efficiency. This would ultimately impact on our customer numbers, revenue and profitability. Mitigating Factors
Nature of Risk 2. GROWTH STRATEGY We have set ourselves a target of achieving at least 10 % growth in underlying EBITA CAGR (see page 57). This will be driven by growth in our hotel and cruises content, the destination experiences sector as well as top line and efficiency improvements. Additionally our in-house aviation allows us to introduce extra flexibility into our packages and to utilise our flight capacity in conjunction with own hotel capacity to build high profile destinations. Asset utilisation of aircraft, cruise ships and hotels is critical to our financial success particularly when in a growth phase. There is a risk that we could be unsuccessful in maximising opportunities to execute our expansion strategy. This could mean that we fail to achieve some of the initiatives we have embarked upon, which could result in us falling short against the overall growth targets we have set for the business. Mitigating Factors
Nature of Risk 3. INTEGRATION & RESTRUCTURING OPPORTUNITIES Our key strategic rationale for the Group is to act 'as one' wherever it makes sense to do so particularly through our Group Platforms, whilst maintaining local differences where the benefit of that differentiation is greater than that of harmonisation. There are a number of restructuring projects underway across the Group as a result to enable us to achieve these opportunities. Furthermore our continuous review of our own businesses and competitors means that we have an active programme of acquisitions (e. g. the destination management companies from Hotelbeds this year) and previously business disposals (e. g. Travelopia in FY 2017) with associated integration projects. There is an inherent risk with any large restructuring or integration programme that we face challenges in managing the complexities associated with further integrating our business, and reducing overlapping activities in order to develop a more lean and streamlined operating model. If we are not successful in leveraging and optimizing the identified opportunities this could have a significant impact on our ability to deliver the identified benefits in line with expectations and enhance shareholder value. Mitigating Factors
Nature of Risk 4. CORPORATE & SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY For the Group, economic, environmental and social sustainability is a fundamental management principle and a cornerstone of our strategy for continually enhancing the value of our Company. This is the way we create the conditions for long-term economic success and assume responsibility for sustainable development in the tourism sector. Our focus is to reduce the environmental impact of our holidays and promote responsible social policies and outcomes both directly through our own business and indirectly via our influence over our supply chain partners, thereby creating positive change for people and communities and being a pioneer of sustainable tourism across the world. There is a risk that we are not successful in driving forecast social and environmental improvements across our operations, that our suppliers do not uphold our corporate and social responsibility standards and we fail to influence destinations to manage tourism more sustainably. If we do not maximize our positive impact on destinations and minimize the negative impact to the extent that our stakeholders expect, this could result in a decline in stakeholder confidence, reputational damage, reduction in demand for our products and services and loss of competitive advantage. Furthermore, if the Group falls short of achieving its sustainable development targets and at the same time the objectives of the UN Paris Climate Change Agreement (December 2015) are not met, this could lead to sustained long-term damage to some of the Group's current and future destinations, which could also have a material adverse effect on demand for our products and services. Mitigating Factors
Nature of Risk 5. INFORMATION SECURITY Our responsibility is to protect the confidentiality, integrity and availability of the data we have to provide to our customers, employees, suppliers and service delivery teams. This is a dynamic risk due to increased global cyber-crime activity and new regulations (e. g. EU GDPR). At the same time our consolidation under the TUI brand and our increasing dependence on online sales and customer care channels (web / mobile) increases our exposure and susceptibility to cyber-attacks and hacks. If we do not ensure we have the appropriate level of security controls in place across the Group, this could have a significant negative impact on our key stakeholders, associated reputational damage and potential for financial implications. Mitigating Factors
Nature of Risk 6. BREXIT Our main concern is whether or not all of our airlines will continue to have access to EU airspace as now. If we were unable to continue to fly intra-EU routes, such as from Germany to Spain, this would have a significant operational and financial impact on the Group. Other areas of uncertainty include the status of our UK employees working in the EU and vice versa and the potential for customer visa requirements for holidays from the UK to the EU. Mitigating Factors
Monitored Principal Risks Nature of Risk A. DESTINATION DISRUPTION Providers of holiday and travel services are exposed to the inherent risk of incidents affecting some countries or destinations within their operations. This can include natural catastrophes such as hurricanes or tsunamis; outbreaks of disease such as Ebola; political volatility as has been seen in Egypt and Greece in recent years; the implications of war in countries close to our markets and destinations; and terrorist events such as the tragic incident in Tunisia in 2015. There is the risk that if such an event occurs, impacting one or more of our destinations that we could potentially suffer significant operational disruption and costs in our businesses. We may possibly be required to repatriate our customers and / or the event could lead to a significant decline in demand for holidays to the affected destinations over an extended period of time. Mitigating Factors
Nature of Risk B. MACROECONOMIC Spending on travel and tourism is discretionary and price sensitive. The economic outlook remains uncertain with different markets at different points in the economic cycle. Furthermore, terrorist incidents in markets can influence the overall demand for overseas travel. Customers are also waiting longer to book their trips in order to assess their financial situation. There is the risk that fluctuations in macroeconomic conditions in our markets will impact on the spending power of our customers, which could impact our short-term growth rates and lead to margin erosion. Mitigating Factors
Nature of Risk C. COMPETITION & CUSTOMER PREFERENCES The tourism industry is fast-paced and competitive with the emergence of new market participants operating new business models, combined with customer tastes and preferences evolving all the time. In recent years there has been an emergence of successful substitute business models such as web-based travel and hotel portals which allow end users to combine the individual elements of a holiday trip on their own and book them separately. Customer tastes and preferences have evolved in recent years as well, with more booking their holidays online and via mobiles and tablets, and booking closer to the time of travel. There is the risk that if we do not respond adequately to such business model disruption or if our products and services fail to meet changing customer demands and preferences, that our turnover, market share and profitability will suffer as a result. Mitigating Factors
Nature of Risk D. INPUT COST VOLATILITY A significant proportion of operating expenses are in non-local currency and / or relate to aircraft fuel which therefore exposes the business to fluctuations in both exchange rates and fuel prices. There is the risk that if we do not manage adequately the volatility of exchange rates, fuel prices and other input costs, then this could result in increased costs and lead to margin erosion, impacting on our ability to achieve profit targets. There is also the risk that if our hedging policy is too rigid, we may find ourselves unable to respond to competitive pricing pressures during the season without it having a direct detrimental impact on our market position and / or profitability. Furthermore, changes in macroeconomic conditions can have an impact on exchange rates which, particularly for the £ / EUR rate and this year for the TRY / EUR rate, has a direct impact on the translation of non-euro market results into euros, the reporting currency of our Group. Mitigating Factors
Nature of Risk E. SEASONAL CASHFLOW PROFILE Tourism is an inherently seasonal business with the majority of profits earned in the European summer months. Cash flows are similarly seasonal with the cash high occurring in the summer as advance payments and final balances are received from customers, with the cash low occurring in the winter as liabilities have to be settled with many suppliers after the end of the summer season. There is the risk that if we do not adequately manage cash balances through the winter low period this could impact on the Group's liquidity and ability to settle liabilities as they fall due whilst ensuring that financial covenants are maintained. Mitigating Factors
Nature of Risk F. LEGAL & REGULATORY COMPLIANCE Most providers of holiday and travel services operate across a number of economies and jurisdictions, which therefore exposes them to a range of legal, tax and other regulatory laws which must be complied with. As we are operating from multiple source markets and providing holidays in more than 115 destinations, we are exposed to a range of laws and regulations with which we must comply or else risk incurring fines or other sanctions from regulatory bodies. Mitigating Factors
Nature of Risk G. HEALTH & SAFETY For all providers of holiday and travel services, ensuring the health and safety of customers is of paramount importance. This is especially so for us as we are one of world's leading tourism group selling holidays to over 27 m customers per annum. There is the risk of accidents or incidents occurring causing illness, injury or death to customers or colleagues whilst on a TUI holiday. This could result in reputational damage to the business and / or financial liabilities through legal action being taken by the affected parties. Mitigating Factors
Nature of Risk H. SUPPLIER RELIANCE Providers of holiday and travel services are exposed to the inherent risk of failure in their key suppliers, particularly hotels. This is further heightened by the industry convention of paying in advance ('prepayments') to secure a level of room allocation for the season. There is the risk that we do not adequately manage our financial exposure should demand drop either for individual hotels and / or for the destination in which the hotels are located and to which the Group still has a level of prepayment outstanding which could result in financial losses. Mitigating Factors
Nature of Risk I. JOINT VENTURE PARTNERSHIPS It is common for tourism groups to use joint venture partnerships in some of their operations in order to reduce the risk of new ventures or to gain access to additional expertise. There are three significant joint ventures within the Group - Riu, TUI Cruises and Sunwing. There is the risk that if we do not maintain good relations with our key partners that the ventures' objectives may not remain consistent with that of the Group which could lead to operational difficulties and jeopardize the achievement of financial targets. Mitigating Factors
Viability Statement In accordance with provision C2.2 of the 2016 revision of the UK Corporate Governance Code, the Executive Board has assessed the prospect of the Company over a longer period than the twelve months required by the 'Going Concern' provision. The Executive Board considers annually and on a rolling-basis a three year strategic plan for the business, the latest was approved in October 2018 and covers the period to 30 September 2021. A three year horizon is considered appropriate for a fast-moving competitive environment such as tourism. It is also noted that the Group's current EUR 1,535.0 m revolving credit limit, which expires in July 2022, is used to manage the seasonality of the Group's cash flows and is reviewed on a timely basis. The three year plan considers cash flows as well as the financial covenants which the credit facility requires compliance with. Key assumptions underpinning the three year plan and the associated cash flow forecast is that aircraft and cruise ship finance will continue to be readily available, and that the terms of the UK leaving the EU are such that all of our airlines continue to have access to EU airspace as now. The Executive Board has conducted a robust assessment of the principal risks facing the company, including those that would threaten its business model, future performance, solvency or liquidity. Sensitivity analysis is applied to the cash flow to model the potential effects should certain principal risks actually occur, individually or in unison. This includes modelling the effects on the cash flow of significant disruption to a major destination in the summer season. Taking account of the company's current position, principal risks and the aforementioned sensitivity analysis, the Executive Board has a reasonable expectation that the company will be able to continue in operation and meet its liabilities as they fall due over the three year period of the assessment. Key features of the internal control and risk 1. Definition and elements of the internal The TUI Group's internal control system comprises all the principles, processes and measures that are applied to secure effective, Âefficient and accurate accounting which is compliant with the necessary legal requirements. The internationally recognised framework of COSO (Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission) forms the conceptual basis for TUI Group's internal control system, consisting of internal controls and the internal monitoring system. The Executive Board of TUI AG, in exercising its function of managing business operations, has entrusted responsibility for the internal control system in the TUI Group to specific Group functions. The elements of the internal monitoring system in the TUI Group comprise both measures integrated into processes and measures performed independently. Besides manual process controls, e. g. the 'four-eyes principle', another key element of the process-related measures are automated IT process controls. Process-related monitoring is also secured by bodies such as the Risk Oversight Committee of TUI AG and by specific Group functions. The Supervisory Board of TUI AG, in particular its Audit Committee, as well as the Group Auditing department at TUI AG are incorporated into the TUI Group's internal monitoring system through their audit activities performed independently from business processes. On the basis of section 107 (3) of the German Stock Corporation Act, the Audit Committee of TUI AG deals primarily with the auditing of the annual financial statements, monitoring the accounting process and the effectiveness of the internal control and risk management system. In the Audit Committee Report the reliability of the financial reporting and the monitoring of the Âfinancial accounting process as well as the effectiveness of the Âinternal control and risk management system are described. Audit Committee Report see from page 22 The Group's auditors have oversight of the TUI Group's control environment. The audit of the consolidated financial statements by the Group auditor and the audit of the individual financial statements of Group companies included in the consolidated Âfinancial statements, in particular, constitute a key non-process-Ârelated monitoring measure with regard to Group accounting. In relation to Group accounting, the risk management system, introduced as an Enterprise Risk Management System (ERM System) as a component of the internal control system, also addresses the risk of misstatements in Group bookkeeping and external reporting. Apart from operational risk management, which includes the transfer of risks to insurance companies by creating cover for damage and liability risks and also hedging transactions to limit foreign currency and fuel price risks, the TUI Group's risk management system embraces the systematic early detection, management and monitoring of risks across the Group. A more detailed explanation of the risk management system is provided in the section on the Risk Governance Framework in the Risk Report. 2. Use of IT systems Bookkeeping transactions are captured in the individual financial statements of TUI AG and of the subsidiaries of TUI AG, through local accounting systems such as SAP or Oracle. As part of the process of preparing their individual financial statements, subsidiaries complete standardized reporting packages in the Group's Oracle Hyperion Financial Management 11.1.2.4 (HFM) reporting system. HFM is used as the uniform reporting and consolidation system throughout the Group so that no additional interfaces exist for the preparation of the consolidated financial statements. Nearly all consolidation processes used to prepare the consolidated Âfinancial statements of TUI AG, e. g. capital consolidation, assets and liabilities consolidation and expenses and income elimination including at equity measurement, are generated and fully documented in HFM. All elements of TUI AG's consolidated financial statements, including the disclosures in the Notes, are developed from the HFM consolidation system. HFM also provides various modules for evaluation purposes in order to prepare complementary information to explain TUI AG's consolidated financial statements. The HFM reporting and consolidation system has an in-built workflow process whereby when businesses promote their data within the system, to signal that their reporting package is complete, they are then locked out from making any further changes to that data. This ensures data integrity within the system and also facilitates a strong audit trail enabling changes to a reporting package to be identified. This feature of the HFM system has been checked and validated by the TUI AG Group Audit department on several occasions since the system was introduced. At their own discretion, TUI AG's Group auditors select certain individual financial statements from the financial statements Âentered in the HFM reporting and consolidation system by the Group companies, which are then reviewed for the purposes of auditing the consolidated financial statements. 3. Specific risks related to Group Accounting Specific risks related to Group accounting may arise, for example, from unusual or complex business transactions, in particular at critical times towards the end of the financial year. Business transactions not routinely processed also entail special risks. The discretion necessarily granted to employees for the recognition and measurement of assets and liabilities may result in further Group accounting-related risks. The outsourcing and transfer of accounting-Âspecific tasks to service companies may also give rise to specific risks. Accounting-related risks from derivative financial instruments are outlined in the Notes to the consolidated financial statements. 4. Key regulation and control activities to The internal control measures aimed at securing proper and reliable Group accounting ensure that business transactions are fully Ârecorded in a timely manner in accordance with legal requirements and the Articles of Association. This also ensures that assets and liabilities are properly recognised, measured and presented in the financial statements and the consolidated financial statements. The control operations also ensure that bookkeeping records provide reliable and comprehensive information. Controls implemented to secure proper and reliable accounting include, for instance, analysis of facts and developments on the basis of specific indicators. Separation of administrative, execution, settlement and authorisation functions and the implementation of these functions by different persons reduces the potential for fraudulent operations. Organisational measures also aim to capture any corporate or Groupwide restructuring or changes in sector business operations rapidly and appropriately in Group accounting. They also ensure, for instance, that bookkeeping transactions are correctly recognised in the period in which they occur in the event of changes in the IT systems used by the Âaccounting departments of Group companies. The internal control system likewise ensures that changes in the TUI Group's economic or legal environment are mapped and that new or amended Âaccounting standards are correctly applied. The TUI Group's accounting policies together with the International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) in compliance with EU Âlegislation, govern the uniform accounting and measurement principles for the German and foreign companies included in TUI's consolidated financial statements. They include general accounting principles and methods, policies concerning the statement of financial position, income statement, notes, management report and cash flow statement. The TUI Group's accounting policies also govern specific formal requirements for the consolidated financial statements. Besides defining the group of consolidated companies, they include detailed guidance on the reporting of financial information by those companies via the group reporting system HFM on a monthly, quarterly and year end basis. TUI's accounting policies also include, for instance, specific instructions on the initiating, reconciling, accounting for and settlement of transactions between group companies or determination of the fair value of certain assets, especially goodwill. At Group level, specific controls to ensure proper and reliable Group accounting include the analysis and, where necessary, correction of the individual financial statements submitted by the Group companies, taking account of the reports prepared by the auditors and meetings to discuss the financial statements which involve both the auditors and local management. Any further content that requires adjusting can be isolated and processed downstream. The control mechanisms already established in the HFM consolidation system minimize the risk of processing erroneous financial statements. Certain parameters are determined at Group level and have to be applied by Group companies. This includes parameters applicable to the meas-urement of pension provisions or other provisions and the interest rates to be applied when cash flow models are used to calculate the fair value of certain assets. The central implementation of impairment tests for goodwill recognized in the financial statements secures the application of uniform and standardized evaluation criteria. 5. Disclaimer With the organisational, control and monitoring structures established by the TUI Group, the internal control and risk management system enables company-specific facts to be captured, processed and recognized in full and properly presented in the Group's Âaccounts. However, it lies in the very nature of the matter that discretionary decision-making, faulty checks, criminal acts and other circumstances, in particular, cannot be ruled out and will restrict the efficiency and reliability of the internal control and risk management systems, so that even Group-wide application of the systems cannot guarantee with absolute certainty the accurate, complete and timely recording of facts in the Group's accounts. Any statements made relate exclusively to TUI AG and to subsidiaries according to IFRS 10 included in TUI AG's consolidated financial statements. OVERALL ASSESSMENT BY THE EXECUTIVE BOARD AND REPORT ON EXPECTED DEVELOPMENTS Actual business performance 2018 compared with Our business performance in FY 2018 matched our overall expectations. At year-on-year growth of 6.3% on a constant currency basis, TUI Group's turnover exceeded expectations. We delivered consistently high occupancy rates and yields on a further expansion of our hotel and cruise portfolio. At the same time, the number of customers booking their holiday with us rose in all key source markets this summer, despite the prolonged phase of hot weather in Northern Europe. In FY 2018 we delivered double-digit growth in our underlying EBITA on a constant currency basis for the fourth consecutive time since the merger. In the financial year under review, TUI Group's underlying EBITA improved by 4.1 % to EUR 1,147.0 m. On a constant currency basis for the reporting period and the prior year reference period, this equates to an improvement of 10.9 %. We have thus outperformed the guidance we communicated for FY 2017, which envisaged an increase in our operating result of at least 10 % on a constant currency basis. The one-off charges adjusted for in our underlying EBITA were slightly higher than expected at EUR86.8m in the financial year under review. Overall the Group's EBITA thus improved by 3.3 % to EUR 1,060.2 m. TUI Group's ROIC decreased by 0.57 percentage points to 23.04 % in FY 2017 while our plan assumed a slight increase. With the cost of capital at 6.37 %, this yields positive Economic Value Added of EUR 829.9 m (previous year EUR 787.0 m), in line with expectations. The Group's net capex and financial investments remained below the target of around EUR 1.2 bn at EUR 827.0 m. This was primarily attributable to delays in larger hotel projects. The net liquidity of EUR 123.6 m reported as at year-end 2018 developed slightly better than assumed in our most recent guidance, which had still expected a slight net debt. This was mainly due to the Group's lower net capex and financial investments. Expected changes in the economic framework
Source: International Monetary Fund (IMF), World Economic Outlook, October 2018 Macroeconomic situation The steady expansion of the world economy continued in calendar year 2018. The International Monetary Fund expects world output to grow by 3.7 % in 2018, flat year-on-year. For 2019, the IMF expects the global economy to again grow by 3.7 % (IMF, World Economic Outlook, October 2018). Market trend in tourism UNWTO expects international tourism to continue growing globally during this decade. For the period from 2010 to 2020, average weighted growth of around 3.8 % per annum has been forecast (source: UNWTO, Tourism Highlights, 2018 edition). In the first six months of 2018, international arrivals grew by 6.1 %. UNWTO expects growth of 4 % to 5 % for the full calendar year 2018 (source: UNWTO, World Tourism Barometer, October 2018). Effects on TUI Group As one of world's leading tourism group, TUI Group depends on patterns in consumer demand in the large source markets in which we operate with our hotel, cruise and tour operator brands. Our budget is based on the assumptions used as a basis by the IMF to predict the future development of the global economy. Apart from trends in consumer sentiment, political stability in the destinations is a further crucial factor affecting demand for holiday products. In our view, our business model is sufficiently flexible to compensate for the currently identifiable challenges. The expected turnover growth assumed for our source markets in our budget for FY 2019 is in line with UNWTO's long-term forecast. Our strategic focus is to deliver further efficiency enhancements through the harmonisation of our three regional business segments, which are now operated under the unified TUI brand in all three regions. Expected development of Group turnover and earnings TUI Group The translation of the income statements of foreign subsidiaries in our consolidated financial statements is based on average monthly exchange rates. TUI Group generates a considerable proportion of consolidated turnover and large earnings and cash flow contributions in non-euro currencies, in particular £, $ and SEK. Taking account of the seasonality in tourism, the value of these currencies against the euro in the course of the year therefore strongly impacts the financial indicators carried in TUI AG's consolidated financial statements. The comments on the expected development of our Group in FY 2019 provided below are based on an assumption of constant currencies for the completed FY 2018. The key financial performance indicators for our earnings position in FY 2019 are Group turnover and underlying EBITA. Definition of underlying EBITA see Value-oriented Group management on page 35 For a meaningful comparison at constant currency between expected earnings and our performance in the completed financial year, the reference figure for underlying EBITA in FY 2018 has been modified. The starting point for the forecast is the rebased underlying EBITA. This rebased figure was determined by the underlying EBITA of the FY 2018 increased to account for the negative effect of the revaluation of euro-denominated loans in Turkey amounting to EUR 40 m, translated at actual exchange rates in FY 2018. Key management variables used for regular value analysis are Return On Invested Capital (ROIC) and Economic Value Added. ROIC is shown against the segment-specific cost of capital. Future development depends on demand in our source markets and customer segments, input costs and the potential impact of exogenous events beyond our control such as strikes, terror attacks or natural disasters. Whilst these may influence results in the individual segments, we believe our balanced portfolio of markets and destinations still leaves us well placed to deliver the targets outlined below in FY 2019.
1 Variance year-on-year assuming constant foreign exchange rates are applied to the result in the current and prior period and based on the current group structure; Âguidance relates to continuing operations. For underlying EBITA the expected growth refers to the FY 2018 rebased number. 2 Excluding cost inflation relating to currency movements 3 Rebased to take into account EUR 40 m impact of revaluation of EUR loan balances in Turkey in FY 2018 Turnover We expect turnover to grow by around 3 % in FY 2019 on a constant currency basis, excluding cost inflation relating to currency movements. Underlying EBITA TUI Group's underlying EBITA in FY 2019 is expected to grow by at least 10 % versus the rebased prior-year value at constant currency. In order to determine the rebased previous year's value, the actual value for the previous year was increased by the effect of the revaluation of euro-denominated loans of Turkish hotel companies. ADJUSTMENTS In order to deliver further business harmonisation and efficiency in Markets & Airlines, we expect an elevated level of adjustments in FY 2019 of approximately EUR 125 m. Details on Goals and Strategies from page 28 ROIC and Economic Value Added We expect ROIC to reduce slightly in FY 2019. Due to the higher invested capital, Economic Value Added is expected to rise further, depending on the development of TUI Group's capital costs. Development in the segments in FY 2019 Hotels & Resorts In the Hotels & Resorts segment, we will continue to expand our portfolio of holiday destinations with a series of planned hotel openings in FY 2019 and beyond. We are thus on track to have opened around 60 additional hotels between the merger and the end of FY 2019. Overall, we expect the segment to deliver growth in underlying EBITA versus the rebased prior-year value at a level below the guidance for the Group of at least 10 % for FY 2019. In order to determine the rebased previous year's value, the actual value for the previous year was increased by the effect of the revaluation of euro-denominated loans of Turkish hotel companies. Cruises In FY 2019, we will launch three ships for our cruise brands. Bookings for the new ships and the existing fleet continue to perform well. Overall, we therefore expect this segment to deliver growth in underlying EBITA of more than 10 % in FY 2019. Destination Experiences With the acquisition of Destination Management and Musement, we have expanded our Destination Experiences segment from an offline business in 23 countries to a fully digitalised business in 49 countries. We are also developing our customised TUI Tours portfolio. Taking account of the related additional expenses required to expand the digital platforms, we expect this segment to deliver growth in underlying EBITA of more than 10 % in FY 2019. Markets & Airlines In our Markets & Airlines, we are focusing on the harmonisation of business workflows, in particular for processes, overheads and aviation, as well as the delivery of benefits from digitalisation. We expect the challenging market environment to continue. Its impact will primarily be felt in the first half of FY 2019. In FY2019, we expect the Markets & Airlines to deliver growth in underlying EBITA which is broadly in line with Group guidance. Expected development of financial position For the development of the Group's financial position in FY 2019, we have defined the Group's net capital expenditure and investments and its leverage ratio as key performance indicators.
Net capex and investments In the light of investment decisions already taken and projects in the pipeline, we expect TUI Group's net capex and financial investments to total around EUR 1.0 - 1.2 bn in FY 2019. This includes expected down payments on aircraft orders (excluding aircraft assets financed by debt or finance leases) and proceeds from the sale of fixed assets. Capex mainly relates to the launch of new production and booking systems for our markets, maintenance and expansion of our hotel portfolio and the acquisition of two cruise ships. Leverage Ratio For FY 2019, we are aiming to deliver a leverage ratio of 3.00(x) to 2.25(x). Sustainable development Climate protection and emissions We have identified specific CO2 emissions (in g CO2 / PKM) of our aircraft fleet as a key non-financial performance indicator. These emissions are to be reduced by 10 % by 2020. We also aim to reduce the carbon intensity of our global operations by 10 % by 2020 (against the baseline of 2014). Overall Executive Board assessment of TUI Group's current situation and expected development At the date of preparation of the Management Report (11 December 2018), we uphold our positive assessment of TUI Group's economic situation and guidance for FY 2019. With its finance profile, strong brand and services portfolio, TUI Group is well positioned in the market. In the first few weeks of the new FY 2019, overall business performance was slightly below previous year's level and has matched expectations. TUI Group's underlying EBITA is to grow by at least 10 % in FY 2019 on a constant currency basis compared with the rebased prior-year level. In order to determine the rebased previous year's value, the actual value for the previous year was increased by the effect of the revaluation of euro-denominated loans of Turkish hotel companies. Based on our growth strategy, we reiterate our guidance of at least 10 % CAGR in underlying EBITA for the three years to FY 2020.* Our long-term target for TUI Group's gross capex amounts 3.5 % of consolidated turnover. * Based on constant currency growth, three year CAGR from FY 2017 base to FY 2020 Guidance for TUI AG The future business performance of TUI AG is essentially subject to the same factors as those impacting TUI Group. Due to the business ties between TUI AG and its Group companies, the guidance, opportunities and risks presented for TUI Group are largely mirrored by expectations for TUI AG. The comments made for TUI Group therefore also apply to TUI AG. Opportunity Report TUI Group's opportunity management follows the Group strategy for core business Tourism. Responsibility for systematically identifying and taking up opportunities rests with the operational management of the Hotels & Resorts, Cruises and Destination Experiences segments as well as our source markets. Market scenarios and critical success factors for the individual sectors are analysed and assessed in the framework of the Group-wide planning and control process. The core task of the Group's Executive Board is to secure profitable growth for TUI Group by optimising the shareholding portfolio and developing the Group structure over the long term. Overall, TUI Group is well positioned to benefit from opportunities resulting from the main trends in its markets. Opportunities from the development of the Âoverall framework Should the economy perform better than expected, TUI Group and its segments would benefit from the resulting increase in demand in the travel market. Moreover, changes in the competitive environment could create opportunities for TUI Group in individual markets. Corporate strategy We see opportunities for further organic growth in particular by expanding our hotel portfolio, cruise business and the offering of our Destination Experiences segment. As market leader, we also intend to benefit in the long term from demographic change and the resulting expected increase in demand for high-quality travel at an attractive price / performance ratio. Operational opportunities We intend to improve our competitive position further by offering unique product and further expanding controlled distribution in the source markets, in particular online distribution and via mobile devices. We also see operational opportunities arising from stronger integration of our Destination Experiences segment and tour operation business. BUSINESS REVIEW Macroeconomic industry and market framework Macroeconomic development
Source: International Monetary Fund (IMF), World Economic Outlook, October 2018 In calendar year 2018, the global upswing in economic activity achieved the previous year's level. In its outlook (IMF, World ÂEconomic Outlook, October 2018), the International Monetary Fund projects global growth of 3.7 % again for 2018. The outlook had been revised downwards in the course of the year and now reflects the growing downside risks, in particular the trade Âconflicts between the world's two largest economies, the United States and China. Key exchange rates and commodity prices The exchange rate charts are presented on the basis of the indirect quotation format customary in the foreign exchange market. If the exchange rate falls, the foreign Âcurrency is appreciating against the euro. By contrast, if the exchange rate rises, the foreign currency is depreciating against the euro. TUI Group companies operate on a worldwide scale. This presents financial risks for TUI Group arising from changes in exchange rates and commodity prices. The essential financial transaction risks from operations concern euros and US dollars. They mainly result from foreign exchange items in the individual Group companies, for instance aircraft fuel and bunker oil invoices, ship handling costs or products and services sourced by hotels. The parity of sterling against the euro affects the translation of results generated in the UK market in TUI's consolidated financial statements. ÂFollowing the UK vote for Brexit, the currency fluctuations continued, impacting the translation of results from our UK business. At the beginning of the financial year under review, the exchange rate of sterling against the euro stood at 0.88 £ / EUR. After slight fluctuations in the course of the year, it returned to roughly the same level, marking 0.89 £ / EUR as at 30 September 2018. At 1.16 $ / EUR at year-end, the US dollar also returned to roughly the level Ârecorded at the beginning of the financial year, when the rate was 1.17 $ / EUR. Changes in commodity prices above all affect TUI Group when procuring fuels such as aircraft fuel and bunker oil. The price of Brent oil stood at $ 82.72 per barrel as at 30 September 2018, up by around 47.4 % year-on-year. In Tourism, most risks relating to changes in exchange rates and price risks from fuel sourcing are hedged by derivatives. Information on hedging strategies and risk management as well as financial transactions and the scope of such transactions at the balance sheet date is provided in the sections Financial Position and Risk Report in the Management Report and the section Financial ÂInstruments in the Notes to the consolidated financial statements. Financial Position see page 75, Risk Report see page 50 and Financial Instruments see Notes page 225 Market environment and competition in Tourism Since the merger between TUI AG and TUI Travel PLC in December 2014, TUI Group has been one of the world's leading leisure tourism business. The development of the international leisure tourism market impacts all businesses in TUI Group. Tourism remains a stable growth sector According to the United Nations World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), tourism comprises the activities of persons travelling to and staying in places outside their usual environment for not more than one consecutive year for leisure, business and other purposes. The key tourism indicators to measure market size are the number of international tourist arrivals and international tourism receipts. In 2017, international tourism receipts amounted to $ 1,340 bn. International arrivals grew to 1.32 bn, an increase of 7.0 %, the strongest growth since the financial crisis in 2009. International tourism arrivals are expected to grow by around 3.8 per cent per annum on average between 2010 and 2020. The tourism industry thus remains one of the most important sectors in the global economy: in terms of tourism exports (international tourism receipts plus passenger transport services), tourism ranks third worldwide (UNWTO Tourism Highlights, Edition 2018).
Source: UNWTO World Tourism Barometer, October 2018 In the first half of calendar year 2018, the growth trend continued, with international tourist arrivals growing by 6.1 % worldwide during that period. Travel for holidays, recreation and other forms of leisure accounted for just over half of all international tourist arrivals (UNWTO, World Tourism Barometer, October 2018). Segmental performance see from page 67 Europe remained the largest and most mature tourism market in the world, accounting for 51 % of international tourist arrivals and 39 % of tourism receipts in 2017. Both indicators thus grew by 8 %. Five European countries - France, Spain, Italy, the United Kingdom and Germany - figured in the top ten international tourism destinations in 2017. Three of our main source markets - Germany, the UK and France - were in the top five of all source markets worldwide measured by international tourism receipts. The source markets display different levels of concentration. While the British market is characterised by two main players, TUI Travel and Thomas Cook, the German and French markets are more heavily fragmented. Hotel market The total worldwide hotel market for business and leisure travel was worth EUR 476 bn in 2017 (at constant currency). From 2017 to 2023, average annual growth (CAGR) is expected to amount to 3 % at constant 2017 prices (Euromonitor International Travel, October 2018). The hotel market is divided between business and leisure travel. A number of characteristics differentiate leisure travel hotels from business hotels, including longer average lengths of stay for guests in leisure hotels. Locations, amenities and service requirements also differ. From a demand perspective, the leisure hotel market in Europe is divided into several smaller submarkets which cater to the individual needs and preferences of tourists. These submarkets include premium, comfort, budget, family / The upper end of the leisure hotel market is characterised by a high degree of sophistication and specialisation, with the assets managed by large international companies and investors. There are also many small, often family-run businesses, particularly in Europe, not quite so upscale and with fewer financial resources. Most family-owned and -operated businesses are not branded. Given the variety of models for owning and operating leisure hotels and the fragmented competition landscape which, at least in Europe, is not dominated by large hotel chains, conditions differ greatly between locations. Cruise market The global cruise industry will generate estimated revenues of around $ 45.6 bn in 2018, an increase of 4.6 % year-on-year. The global estimate suggests that altogether around 26 million guests will have undertaken an ocean cruise in calendar year 2018. The North American market (United States, Caribbean, Canada, Mexico) is by far the largest and most mature cruise market in the world, with approximately 14 million guests and a strong penetration rate of 3.7 % of the total population taking a cruise in 2017. By contrast, the European cruise markets recorded approximately 6.8 million passengers, with penetration rates varying significantly from country to country, but considerably lower overall. Germany, the United Kingdom & Ireland and France are among the five largest cruise markets in Europe. Germany is Europe's largest cruise market, with 2.1 million passengers in 2018. At 2.7 %, its penetration rate was lower than in the United Kingdom & Ireland. The United Kingdom & Ireland is the second largest cruise market in Europe, with approximately 2.0 million cruise passengers and Europe's strongest penetration rate of 3.0 % in 2018. (Cruise Market Watch Website, www.cruisemarketwatch.com/market-share, October 2018; CLIA, Cruise Industry Ocean Source Market Report - Australia, 2018) Destination Experiences The market for tours and activities in the destinations remains highly fragmented on the supplier side. More than 90 % of the around 300,000 companies are small providers with annual revenues of less than EUR 1 m, almost exclusively providing services to occasional customers. At global turnover of EUR 150 bn and annual growth of 7 %, the segment is one of the most attractive tourism areas. With the acquisition of the Italian tech start-up Musement in FY 2019 and of the Destination Management of Hotelbeds in the FY 2018, TUI Group has strengthened its position in the excursions, tours and activities business in the destinations. In future, the combination of a single customer platform and cutting-Âedge technology will enable the Group to present tailored offerings to its customers both before and during their holiday. Brand Strong TUI master brand Our brand with the 'smile' - the smiling logo formed by the three letters of our brand name TUI - stands for a consistent customer experience, digital presence and competitive strength. The red smile is as well known as the logo of other leading brands. In order to further leverage the appeal and strength of our core brand and tap the associated growth potential, we have created a global branding and consistent brand experience in recent years. In 2018, TUI played in the Champions League of global brands in almost all markets. TUI is among the best-known travel brands in core European countries. The rollout of the TUI brand in the framework of the local rebranding in the past few years has been very successful. In FY 2018, the UK was the last source market to undergo rebranding to TUI when the large local tour operator Thomson was replaced by TUI - here, too, TUI already achieves an aided brand awareness level of 80 %. Group earnings Comments on the consolidated income statement TUI Group's earnings position continued to show a positive development in FY 2018. The operating result (underlying EBITA) of TUI Group's continuing operations improved by 4.1 % to EUR 1,147.0 m in the period under review, or by 10.9 % year-on-year on a constant currency basis. This growth was driven in particular by the continued good operating performance in the Holiday Experiences segment.
Turnover and cost of sales
In FY 2018, turnover by TUI Group climbed by 5.3 % to EUR 19.5 bn. On a constant currency basis, turnover grew by 6.3 %. Alongside a year-on-year increase in customer numbers of 4.7 % in the source markets, capacity increases in the Cruises segment, higher average prices in the Hotels & Resorts segment and higher prices in the UK contributed to the turnover growth. Turnover is presented alongside the cost of sales, which was up 6.1 % in the period under review. Gross profit Gross profit, i. e. the difference between turnover and the cost of sales, was flat year-on-year at around EUR 2.0 bn. Administrative expenses Administrative expenses rose by EUR 34.1 m year-on-year to EUR 1,289.9 m, above all due to higher personnel and IT costs. Financial result The financial result declined by EUR 154.8 m to EUR - 81.7 m. The decrease was essentially due to the profit of EUR 172.4 m generated in the prior year from the disposal of the remaining stake in Hapag-ÂLloyd AG. Share of results of joint ventures and associates The result from joint ventures and associates comprises the proportionate net profit for the year of these companies measured at equity and where appropriate impairments of goodwill for these companies. In the period under review, the at equity result totalled EUR 297.7 m. The significant increase of EUR 45.4 m mainly resulted from a higher profit contribution by TUI Cruises. Result from continuing operations The result from continuing operations declined by EUR 130.7 m to EUR 780.2 m in FY 2018. Result from discontinuing operations The sale of Hotelbeds Group in 2016 had included a turnover guarantee for the benefit of the buyer. On the basis of the turnover generated by Hotelbeds Group with TUI Group in prior periods, the other liability formed for the sale of Hotelbeds Group was revalued and reduced by EUR 41.4 m. The other items refer to the Specialist Group sold in FY 2017. Group profit Group profit increased by EUR 57.5 m year-on-year to EUR 818.9 m in FY 2018. Share in Group profit attributable to TUI AG shareholders The share in Group profit attributable to the TUI AG shareholders increased from EUR 644.8 m in the prior year to EUR 732.5 m in FY 2018. Alongside a sound operating performance, the increase is accounted for by the profit share attributable to Travelopia in the prior year. Non-controlling interests Non-controlling interests in Group profit for the year totalled EUR 86.4 m. They mainly related to RIUSA II Group. Earnings per share The interest in Group profit for the year attributable to TUI AG shareholders after deduction of non-controlling interests totalled EUR 732.5 m in FY 2018 (previous year EUR 644.8 m). Basic earnings per share therefore amounted to EUR 1.25 (previous year EUR 1.10) in FY 2018. Alternative performance indicators Key indicators used to manage the TUI Group are EBITA and underlying EBITA. EBITA comprises earnings before interest, taxes and goodwill impairments. EBITA includes amortisation of other intangible assets. It does not include the result from the measurement of interest hedges, and in the prior year did not include results from container shipping operations. The table below shows the reconciliation of earnings before tax from continuing operations to underlying EBITA.
The reported earnings (EBITA) of TUI Group rose by EUR 33.7 m to EUR 1,060.2 m due to a sound operating performance in FY 2018.
In order to explain and evaluate the operating performance of the segments, earnings adjusted for special one-off effects (underlying EBITA) are presented below. Underlying EBITA has been adjusted for gains on disposal of financial investments, restructuring expenses according to IAS 37, all effects from purchase price allocations, ancillary acquisition costs and conditional purchase price payments and other expenses for and income from one-off items. One-off items carried here include adjustments for income and expense items that reflect amounts and frequencies of occurrence rendering an evaluation of the operating profitability of the segments and the Group more difficult or causing distortions. These items include in particular major restructuring and integration expenses not meeting the criteria of IAS 37, material expenses for litigation, gains and losses from the sale of aircraft and other material business transactions with a one-off character. TUI Group's underlying EBITA improved by EUR 44.9 m to EUR 1,147.0 m in FY 2018.
In FY 2018, adjustments worth EUR 12.5 m were carried for the reduction in pension obligations in the UK and the sale of aircraft assets. On the other hand, expenses of EUR 31.8 m were incurred for purchase price allocations, and other underlying expenses amounted to EUR 67.5 m. They mainly related to the following items and circumstances: Gains on disposal In FY 2018, gains on disposal of financial assets worth EUR 2 m had to be adjusted for. They related in particular to the measurement of a stake in the framework of the takeover of Destination Management from Hotelbeds Group. Restructuring costs In FY 2018, restructuring costs of EUR 35 m had to be adjusted for. They included an amount of around EUR 13 m for the realignment of the aviation business in the Nordics. Adjustments also included expenses worth around EUR 9 m for restructurings at TUI fly in Germany and around EUR 10 m for the integration of Transat in France. Expenses for purchase price allocations Expenses for purchase price allocations related in particular to scheduled amortisation of intangible assets from acquisitions made in previous years. One-off items Net expenses for one-off items of EUR 22 m included in particular an amount of EUR 6 m relating to IT projects in Northern and Western Regions. Further expenses worth EUR 15 m related to reorganisation schemes in regions and destination agencies. Other segment indicators
* Adjustments according to reconciliation from page 65, excluding amortisation and write-backs. Segmental performance Outlook In FY 2018 we delivered the fourth consecutive year of double digit growth of underlying EBITA at constant currency rates since the merger, with a continued strong ROIC performance. TUI's sustained strong performance in a challenging market environment demonstrates its successful transformation as an integrated Âprovider of holiday experiences, with strong strategic positioning and diversification across destinations and markets. Looking ahead, we expect growth to continue the benefits of our digitalisation efforts, efficiency measures and differentiation strategy through the disciplined expansion of our own hotel, cruise and destination experience content. In Hotels & Resorts, our diversified portfolio means we will continue to benefit from growth in demand for Turkey and North Africa, with a normalisation in demand for Spain, including the Canaries. Demand also remains strong for our year round destinations such as Mexico and Cape Verde. We will continue to develop our portfolio of destinations, with a strong pipeline of own hotel openings for FY 2019 and beyond, and we remain on track to open approximately 60 additional hotels since merger by the end of FY 2019. We will also launch three ships for our cruise brands in FY 2019. Bookings for the new ships and the existing fleet are progressing well, with a continued strong yield performance. Two ships exited our fleets (Marella Spirit and Hapag-Lloyd Cruises' Hanseatic) in Autumn 2018. Five further new builds are on order for TUI Cruises and Hapag-Lloyd Cruises, for delivery between FY 2020 and FY 2026, as we continue to build on our leadership position in the German-Âspeaking cruise market. We are re-shaping our Destination Experiences business based on the recent acquisitions of Destination Management and Musement, from an off-line to fully digitalised business in 49 countries. We are also developing our tailored TUI Tours offer. In order to achieve these strategic goals, some additional investment into the digital platform (as operating cost) will be required in FY 2019. In Markets & Airlines, we are focussed on delivering business harmonisation, especially in terms of business processes, overheads and aviation, and the benefits of digitalisation. We expect the challenging market environment to continue, and that this will be evident in our Q1 / Q2 FY 2019 results. This reinforces the importance of TUI's transformation away from the traditional tour Âoperator space, to become an integrated provider of holiday Âexperiences, and which helps to mitigate continued market Âchallenges. Currently Winter 2018 / 19 bookings are down 1 % and average selling prices are down 2 % versus prior year, with 60 % of the programme sold, 2 percentage points behind prior year*. As outlined above, the programme to North Africa and Turkey has been expanded, offset by a reduction in the programme to the Canaries. Flight capacity from Nordics has been proactively reduced, with the planned closure of three airport bases as we continue to drive efficiency in our airlines, and also following the prolonged hot weather this Summer which has continued to subdue demand. We have also reduced our flight capacity from Germany, as we continue to improve our flight plan efficiency following the bankruptcies of Air Berlin and Niki. ÂBookings for next Summer 2019 are at a very early stage. Only the UK is more than 20 % booked, and at this stage bookings are up 5 % with average selling price down 1 %. * These statistics are up to 2 December 2018, shown on a constant currency Âbasis and relate to all customers whether risk or non-risk Disclosures on outlook are regularly published on TUI's website in the framework of TUI Group's quarterly reporting. See www.tuigroup.com/en-en/investors Holiday Experiences
Turnover measures include fully consolidated companies, all other KPIs incl. 1 Group owned or leased hotel beds multiplied by opening days per quarter 2 Occupied beds divided by capacity 3 Arrangement revenue divided by occupied beds 4 Previous year's total capacity now includes Blue Diamond
1 No turnover is carried for TUI Cruises as the joint venture is consolidated at equity 2 Rebranded from Thomson Cruises in October 2017. 3 Per day and passenger 4 Inclusive of transfers, flights and hotels due to the integrated nature of ÂMarella Cruises.
Markets & Airlines (formerly Sales & Marketing)
1 NPS is measured in customer satisfaction questionnaires completed post-holiday. It is based on the question 'On a scale of 0 to 10 where 10 is extremely likely and 0 ist not at all likely, how likely is it that you would recommend the brand to a friend, colleague or relative?" and is calculated by taking the percentage of promoters (9s and 10s) less the percentage of detractors (0s through 6s). 2 Share of sales via own channels (retail and online) 3 Share of online sales
1 Share of sales via own channels (retails and online) 2 Share of online sales Northern Region comprises UK, Nordics and joint ventures in Canada and Russia.
1 Share of sales via own channels (retails and online) 2 Share of online sales Central Region comprises Germany and Austria (operated as one source market), Switzerland and Poland.
1 Share of sales via own channels (retails and online) 2 Share of online sales Western Region comprises Belgium, Netherlands and France.
 The result has benefitted from the delivery of further cost synergies from the Transat integration, however, this was not enough to offset the challenging trading environment. In addition, further investment was required to launch the TUI brand in the French market at the start of the year. All other segments
This segment comprises the business operations for new markets, the scheduled French airline Corsair, and the central corporate functions and interim holdings of TUI Group and the Group's real estate companies. The increase in operating loss was driven by Corsair, partly as the result of a planned airline maintenance event at the start of the year, and partly due to an aircraft towing incident in Q4. Net assets
The Group's balance sheet total increased by 10.1 % as against 30 September 2017 to EUR 15.6 bn. Vertical structural indicators Non-current assets accounted for 68.4 % of total assets, compared with 69.6 % in the previous year. The capitalisation ratio (ratio of fixed assets to total assets) decreased from 63.9 % to 63.5 %. Current assets accounted for 31.6 % of total assets, compared with 30.4 % in the previous year. The Group's cash and cash equivalents increased by EUR 31.9 m year-on-year to EUR 2,548.0 m. They thus accounted for 16.3 % of total assets, as against 17.7 % in the previous year. Horizontal structural indicators At the balance sheet date, the ratio of equity to non-current assets was 40.6 %, as against 35.8 % in the previous year. The ratio of equity to fixed assets was 43.7 % (previous year 39.0 %). The ratio of equity plus non-current financial liabilities to fixed assets was 66.4 %, compared with 58.4 % in the previous year. Development of the Group's non-current assets
Goodwill Goodwill rose by EUR 69.1 m to EUR 2,958.6 m. The increase in the carrying amount is essentially due to the acquisition of the Destination Management business. An opposite effect was driven by the translation of goodwill not managed in TUI Group's functional currency into euros. In the period under review, no adjustments were required as a result of impairment tests. Property, plant and equipment Property, plant and equipment increased to EUR 4,899.2 m in the financial year under review, primarily driven by the acquisition of the cruise ship Marella Explorer, investments in hotel facilities, down payments on aircraft orders and the delivery of aircraft. Property, plant and equipment also comprised leased assets in which Group companies held economic ownership. At the balance sheet date, these finance leases had a carrying amount of EUR 1,290.2 m, up 11.4 % year-on-year.
Companies measured at equity Seventeen associated companies and 27 joint ventures were measured at equity. At EUR 1,436.6 m, their value increased by 10.0 % year-on-year as at the balance sheet date. Development of the Group's current assets
* incl. receivables from derivative financial instruments and touristic prepayments Current receivables Current receivables comprise trade accounts receivable and other receivables, current income tax assets and claims from derivative financial instruments. At EUR 2,257.7 m, current receivables increased by 34.2 % year-on-year. Cash and cash equivalents At EUR 2,548.0 m, cash and cash equivalents increased by 1.3 % year-on-year. Unrecognised assets In the course of their business operations, Group companies used assets of which they were not the economic owner according to the IASB rules. Most of these assets were aircraft, hotel complexes or ships for which operating leases, i. e. rental, lease or charter agreements, were concluded at terms and conditions customary in the sector.
Further explanations as well as the structure of the remaining terms of the financial liabilities from operating rental, lease and charter agreements are provided in the section Other financial liabilities in the Notes to the consolidated financial statements. Information on other intangible, unrecognised assets in terms of brands, customer and supplier relationships and organisational and process benefits is provided in the section TUI Group Corporate Profile; relationships with investors and capital markets are outlined in the section TUI Share. TUI Group Corporate Profile see page 32; TUI Share from page 103 Financial position of the Group Principles and goals of financial management Principles TUI Group's financial management is centrally operated by TUI AG, which acts as the Group's internal bank. Financial management covers all Group companies in which TUI AG directly or indirectly holds an interest of more than 50 %. It is based on policies covering all cash flow-oriented aspects of the Group's business activities. In the framework of a cross-national division of tasks within the organisation, TUI AG has outsourced some of its operational financial activities to First Choice Holidays Finance Ltd, a British Group company. However, these financial activities are carried out on a coordinated and centralised basis. Goals TUI's financial management goals include ensuring sufficient Âliquidity for TUI AG and its subsidiaries and limiting financial risks from fluctuations in currencies, commodity prices and interest rates as well as default risk of treasury activities. Liquidity safeguards The Group's liquidity safeguards consist of two components:
Limiting financial risks The Group companies operate on a worldwide scale. This gives rise to financial risks for TUI Group, mainly from changes in exchange rates, commodity prices and interest rates. The key operating financial transaction risks relate to the euro, US dollar and pound sterling and changing fuel prices. They mainly result from cost items in foreign currencies held by individual Group companies, e. g. hotel sourcing, aircraft fuel and bunker oil invoices or ship handling costs. The Group has entered into derivative hedges in various foreign currencies in order to limit its exposure to risks from changes in exchange rates for the hedged items. Changes in commodity prices affect TUI Group, in particular in procuring fuels such as aircraft fuel and bunker oil. These price risks related to fuel procurement are largely hedged with the aid of derivative instruments. Where price increases can be passed on to customers due to contractual agreements, this is also reflected in our hedging behaviour. In order to control risks related to changes in interest rates arising on liquidity procurement in the international money and capital markets and investments of liquid funds, the Group uses derivative interest hedges on a case-by-case basis as part of its interest management system. In order to limit default risks from settlement payments for Âderivatives as well as money market investments with banks and investments in money market funds, TUI AG and First Choice Holidays Finance Ltd. have defined credit rating criteria for the selection of their counterparties. Trading and transaction limits are fixed on the basis of the credit ratings granted by the main rating agencies. The credit ratings and the corresponding limits are regularly reviewed. In the event of fair value changes in derivatives or rating changes, new business with these counterparties may temporarily be suspended until the limits can be adequately Âutilised again. The limits are fixed in consultation between the CFO and the Treasury Department. The use of derivative hedges is based on underlying transactions; the derivatives are not used for speculation purposes. More detailed information on hedging strategies and risk management as well as financial transactions and the scope of such transactions at the balance sheet date is provided in the Risk Report and the section Financial instruments in the Notes to the consolidated financial statements. See from page 50 and 225 Capital structure
* Percentage points Overall, non-current capital increased by 14.0 % to EUR 8,724.1 m. As a proportion of the balance sheet total, it amounted to 55.9 % (previous year 53.9 %). The equity ratio was 27.8 % (previous year 24.9 %). Equity and non-current financial liabilities accounted for 42.2 % (previous year 37.3 %) of the balance sheet total at the reporting date. Equity Subscribed capital and the capital reserves rose slightly year-Âon-year. The increase of 0.1 % each was driven by the issue of employee shares. Revenue reserves rose by EUR 751.6 m to EUR- 2,005.3 m. Non-controlling interests accounted for EUR 635.5 m of equity. Provisions Provisions mainly comprise provisions for pension obligations, for maintenance and other typical operating risks classified as current or non-current, depending on expected occurrence. At the balance sheet date, they accounted for a total of EUR 2,111.2 m, down by EUR 167.5 m or 7.4 % year-on-year. Financial liabilities
Structural changes in financial liabilities The Group's financial liabilities increased by a total of EUR 509.8 m to EUR 2,442.9 m. The structure of liabilities was affected by a slight rise in liabilities from finance leases and an increase in financial liabilities from the issue of a Schuldschein. Overview of TUI's listed bond The table below lists the maturities, nominal volumes and annual interest coupon of listed bonds from 2016 with a nominal value of EUR 300.0 m and a 5-year period to maturity.
Bank loans and other liabilities from Apart from the bonds worth EUR 300.0 m for the purposes of general corporate financing, TUI AG issued a Schuldschein worth a total of EUR 425.0 m in July 2018. A fixed interest rate was agreed for three tranches with tenors of 5, 7 and 10 years. Two other tranches with tenors of 5 and 7 years will carry a floating interest rate based on 6-month EURIBOR plus a fixed margin. The resulting interest rate risks are hedged by interest rate transactions with the same terms. At an average tenor of nearly 6.5 years for the Schuldschein, the interest costs amount to around 1.75 % p. a. Moreover, the Hotels & Resorts and Cruises segments took out separate bank loans, primarily in order to finance investments by these companies. Most liabilities from finance lease contracts are attributable to aircraft as well as one cruise ship. More detailed information, in particular on the remaining terms, is provided under Financial liabilities in the Notes to the consolidated financial statements. Other liabilities Other liabilities totalled EUR 6,724.1 m, up by EUR 284.1 m or 4.4 % year-on-year. See section on Financial liabilities in the Notes, page 217 Off-balance sheet financial instruments and Operating leases The development of operating rental, leasing and charter contracts is presented in the section Net assets in the Management Report. See page 74 More detailed explanations and information on the structure of the remaining terms of the associated financial liabilities are provided in the section Other financial liabilities in the Notes to the consolidated financial statements. There were no contingent liabilities related to special-purpose vehicles. Syndicated credit facilities of TUI AG TUI AG signed a syndicated credit facility worth EUR 1.75 bn in September 2014. This syndicated credit facility is available for general corporate financing purposes (in particular in the winter months). It carries a floating interest rate which depends on the short-term interest rate level (EURIBOR or LIBOR) and TUI's credit rating plus a margin. At the balance sheet date, an amount of EUR 102.4 m from this credit facility had been taken up in the form of bank guarantees. Bilateral guarantee facilities of TUI AG with Âinsurance companies and banks TUI AG has concluded several bilateral guarantee facilities with various insurance companies with a total volume of £ 85.0 m and EUR 130.0 m. These guarantee facilities are required for the delivery of tourism services in order to ensure that Group companies are able to meet, in particular, the requirements of European oversight and regulatory authorities on the provision of guarantees and warranties. The guarantees issued usually have a term of 12 to 18 months. They give rise to a commission in the form of a fixed percentage of the maximum guarantee amount. At the balance sheet date, an amount of £ 27.3 m and EUR 30.0 m from these guarantee facilities had been used. TUI AG also concluded bilateral guarantee facilities with a total volume of EUR 42.5 m with banks to provide bank guarantees in the framework of ordinary business operations. Some of the guarantees have a term of several years. The guarantees granted give rise to a commission in the form of a fixed percentage of the maximum guarantee amount. At the balance sheet date, an amount of EUR 15.8 m from these guarantee facilities had been used. Obligations from financing agreements The Schuldschein worth EUR 425.0 m from 2018, the bond worth EUR 300.0 m from 2016 and the credit and guarantee facilities of TUI AG contain a number of obligations. TUI AG has a duty to comply with certain financial covenants (as defined in the respective contracts) from its syndicated credit facility worth EUR 1.75 bn and a number of bilateral guarantee lines. These require (a) compliance with a underlying EBITDAR-to-net interest expense ratio measuring TUI Group's relative charge from the interest result and the lease and rental expenses; and (b) compliance with a net debt-Âto-underlying EBITDA ratio, calculating TUI Group's relative charge from financial liabilities. The underlying EBITDAR-to-net interest expense ratio must have a coverage multiple of at least 1.5; net debt must not exceed 3.0 times underlying EBITDA. The financial covenants are determined every six months. They restrict, inter alia, TUI's scope for encumbering or selling assets, acquiring other companies or shareholdings, or effecting mergers. The Schuldschein worth EUR 425.0 m, the bond worth EUR 300.0 m and the credit and guarantee facilities of TUI AG also contain additional contractual clauses typical of financing instruments of this type. Non-compliance with these obligations awards the lenders the right to call in the facilities or terminate the financing schemes for immediate repayment. Ratings by Standard & Poor's and Moody's
In the light of improved metrics and continuous operating improvements as well as resilience against geopolitical events, Moody's upgraded the corporate rating of 'Ba2' with a 'positive outlook' in February 2018. TUI AG's bond worth EUR 300.0 m has been assigned a 'BB' rating by Standard & Poor's and a 'Ba2' rating by Moody's. TUI AG's syndicated credit facility worth EUR 1.75 bn is assigned a 'BB' rating by Standard & Poor's. Financial stability targets TUI considers a stable credit rating to be a prerequisite for the further development of the business. In response to the structural improvements resulting from the merger between TUI AG and TUI Travel and the operating performance observed over the past few years, combined with a strengthening business model despite a challenging environment, Moody's upgraded their TUI ratings with a 'positive outlook'. We are seeking further improvements in the rating so as to ensure better access to the debt capital markets even in difficult macroeconomic situations, apart from achieving better financing terms and conditions. The financial stability ratios we have defined are leverage ratio and coverage ratio, based on the following basic definitions: Leverage ratio = (gross financial liabilities + discounted value of financial commitments from lease, rental and leasing agreements + defined-benefit obligations) / (reported EBITDA + long-term leasing and rental expenses); Coverage ratio = (reported EBITDA + long-term leasing and rental expenses) / (net interest expense + â…“ of long-term leasing and rental expenses). These basic definitions are subject to specific adjustments in order to reflect current circumstances. For the completed financial year, the leverage ratio was 2.7(x), while the coverage ratio was 6.7(x). We aim to achieve a leverage ratio between 3.00(x) and 2.25(x) and a coverage ratio between 5.75(x) and 6.75(x) for FY 2019. See (37) Capital management in the Notes on page 239 Interest and financing environment In the period under review, short-term interest rates remained at an extremely low level compared with historical rates. In some currency areas, the interest rate remained negative throughout the year, with corresponding impacts on returns from money market investments but also on reference interest rates for floating-rate debt. Quoted credit margins (CDS levels) for corporates in the sub-Âinvestment grade area remained almost flat year-on-year. Quotations remained on a persistently low level for TUI AG. Refinancing options were available against the backdrop of the receptive capital market environment, and TUI AG took advantage of this in July 2018 by issuing a Schuldschein worth EUR 425.0 m. In the completed financial year, in addition to the issue of a Schuldschein worth EUR 425.0 m, sale-and-lease-back agreements were signed for seven new airplane. These include finance leases for one B787-8 and two B737-8 Max and operating lease agreements for one B787-9 and three B737-8 Max. Liquidity analysis Liquidity reserve In the completed financial year, TUI Group's solvency was secured at all times by means of cash inflows from operating activities, liquid funds, and bilateral and syndicated credit agreements with banks. At the balance sheet date, TUI AG, the parent company of TUI Group, held cash and cash equivalents worth EUR 889.3 m. Restrictions on the transfer of liquid funds At the balance sheet date, there were restrictions worth around EUR 0.2 bn on the transfer of liquid funds within the Group that might significantly impact the Group's liquidity, such as restrictions on capital movements and restrictions due to credit agreements concluded. Change of control Significant agreements taking effect in the event of a change of control due to a takeover bid are outlined in the chapter on Information required under takeover law. See chapter Information required under takeover law Cash flow statement
The cash flow statement shows the flow of cash and cash equivalents with cash inflows and outflows presented separately for operating, investing and financing activities. The effects of changes in the group of consolidated companies are eliminated. The prior year's cash flow statement shows the flow of cash and cash equivalents for the continuing and discontinued operations. In the period under review, cash and cash equivalents rose by EUR 31.9 m to EUR 2,548.0 m. Net cash inflow from operating activities In the financial year under review, the cash inflow from operating activities amounted to EUR 1,150.9 m (previous year EUR 1,583.1 m). The year-on-year decrease on a positive operating performance was mainly driven by a lower increase in working capital year-on-year as well as a higher one-off payment to pension funds in the UK. Net cash outflow from investing activities In the financial year under review, the cash outflow from investing activities totalled EUR 845.7 m (previous year EUR 687.7 m). While the cash outflow for capital expenditure related to property, plant and equipment and financial investments amounted to EUR 956.2 m, the cash inflow from the sale of property, plant and equipment and financial investments stood at EUR 192.4 m. The cash outflow of EUR 135.6 m for the acquisition of consolidated companies almost exclusively relates to the Destination Experiences and Hotels & Resorts segments. The cash outflow for capital expenditure related to property, plant and equipment and intangible assets and the cash inflow from corresponding sales do not match the additions and disposals shown in the development of fixed assets, as these also include non-cash investments and disposals. Net cash outflow from financing activities The cash outflow from financing activities totals EUR 236.9 m (previous year EUR 733.8 m). TUI AG recorded an inflow of cash of EUR 422.9 m from the issue of an unsecured Schuldschein after deducting borrowing costs. TUI Group companies took out further financial liabilities worth EUR 11.3 m. A further cash outflow of EUR 162.7 m related to the redemption of financial liabilities, including EUR 106.5 m for finance lease obligations. An amount of EUR 110.8 m was used for interest payments, while a cash outflow of EUR 381.8 m related to dividend payments to TUI AG shareholders and a further outflow of EUR 53.5 m to dividend payments to minority shareholders.
Cash and cash equivalents comprise all liquid funds, i. e. cash in hand, bank balances and cheques. The detailed cash flow statement and additional explanations are provided in the consolidated financial statements and in the section Notes to the cash flow statement in the Notes to the consolidated financial statements. See page 158 and 241 Analysis of investments The development of fixed assets, including property, plant and equipment, intangible assets and shareholdings and other investments, is presented in the section on Net assets in the Management Report. Additional explanatory information is provided in the Notes to the consolidated financial statements. Additions to property, plant and equipment The table below lists the cash investments in intangible assets and capital expenditure in property, plant and equipment. This indicator does not include financing transactions such as the taking out of loans and finance leases.
Investments in other intangible assets and property, plant and equipment totalled EUR 793.2 m in the period under review, down - 1.0 % year-on-year. In the financial year under review, investments mainly related to the acquisition and renovation of Marella Explorer, the construction of hotels, in particular in Mexico and the Cape Verde Islands, and the acquisition of two hotels in Zanzibar, the development and launch of Group-wide IT platforms and down payments on ordered aircraft. Investments were also effected for renovation and maintenance in all areas. The table below shows a reconciliation of capital expenditure to additions to TUI Group's other intangible assets and property, plant and equipment.
Investment obligations Order commitments Due to agreements concluded in FY 2018 or in prior years, order commitments for investments totalled EUR 3,883.3 m as at the balance sheet date; this total includes an amount of EUR 1,092.1 m for scheduled deliveries in FY 2018. At the balance sheet date, order commitments for aircraft comprised 70 planes (two B-787s and 68 B-737s), to be delivered by the end of FY 2023. Delivery of 18 B-737-Max aircraft has been scheduled for FY 2019. More detailed information is provided in the section Other financial liabilities in the Notes to the consolidated financial statements. Net financial position From the H1 2018 interim report onwards, we have adjusted the definition of our net debt. While net debt had previously been calculated as the balance between current and non-current financial debt on the one hand and cash and cash equivalents on the other, from now on we also consider short-term interest-bearing investments as deduction items. The majority of these investments have terms of three to six months. In accordance with IFRS regulations, these investments are not shown in the consolidated balance sheet as cash and cash equivalents but as current trade receivables and other assets. The adjustment had no effect on the previous year. The net liquidity position of the continuing operations decreased by EUR 459.4 m year-on-year to EUR 123.6 m as at 30 September 2018. The year-on-year reduction in the net liquidity position was Âprimarily attributable to the reinvestment of gains on disposal received last year as well as higher touristic prepayments.
Non-financial Declaration pursuant to the CSR Directive Implementation Act For TUI Group, economic, environmental and social sustainability is a fundamental management principle and a cornerstone of our strategy for continually enhancing the value of our company and beyond. We recognise that sustainable development is critical for long term economic success and we aspire to pioneer sustainable tourism across our sector. In the following section we report on sustainability issues which support better understanding of our business's operations, context and future development, in line with CSR reporting legislation. In compliance with Section 315b, paragraph 1, clause 3 German Commercial Code (HGB) we also refer to relevant aspects of non-Âfinancial disclosure found in other parts of the Group management report. Within the framework of our materiality analysis we gained insight into the sustainability risks and opportunities. We did not identify any non-financial risks as defined by the CSR-RUG. In particular, we report on our risk management system and principle risks linked with our business activities, business relations and services in our Risk Report from page 40 on. This non-financial Group statement has been reviewed by the Supervisory Board with regard to aspects of legality, regularity and relevance. Our reporting covers the United Nations Global Compact principles and we regularly review our activities against the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). The goals provide a useful framework with which to view our impact and the contributions we make to a better world. We see a special contribution towards seven of the SDGs - knowing these are also interdependent. A detailed mapping is published in our sustainability report. Business model TUI Group's business model as defined in HGB section 289b is outlined from page 28 in the present Annual Report. Sustainability strategy and implementation Our 'Better Holidays, Better World' 2015 - 2020 strategy is built around the following core pillars:
* Measured by the number of customers we take to hotels with credible sustainability certification - defined as those recognised or approved by the Global Sustainable Tourism Council (GSTC). Materiality TUI Group carried out a formal materiality assessment in FY 2018 involving a variety of stakeholder groups. Through a global stakeholder survey and an impact analysis, the most material aspects were identified and prioritized using recognized qualitative and quantitative methods. The graph below shows the major areas where TUI's stakeholders would like us to focus even more commitment and engagement. For our assessment, we identified the following key stakeholder groups
Findings will now be discussed with senior management and help inform the development of TUI's sustainability strategy for the next years. Managing Sustainability Across TUI Group dedicated and experienced sustainability professionals work in close collaboration with senior management at Group and at divisional level to help ensure that TUI's business and sustainability strategies are aligned. Our sustainability colleagues' role is to drive uptake of more sustainable business practices across the TUI Group and along its supply chain, and to advise the TUI Care Foundation on destination project proposals and implementation. On a regular basis the TUI Group Executive Committee is updated on our performance against the sustainability strategy and on material issues. Also sustainability is regularly on the agenda in divisional management boards, platform boards (i. e. hotels and aviation) and in the risk oversight committee. As part of TUI's sustainability management approach, the corporate headquarters has been successfully audited against the ISO 14001:2015 environmental standard. Senior Management from across TUI regularly speak at a range of forums and conferences about the industry's most material issues and TUI's response to them. Furthermore sustainability is a key issue whenever we collaborate with destination governments and develop our growth strategy. Sustainability indices and awards TUI AG is represented in the sustainability index FTSE4Good and on the Ethibel Investment Register. In 2018 TUI was included in the RobecoSam Sustainability Yearbook with a 'Silver Class' distinction. TUI participated again in the CDP Climate Change assessment 2018, results being announced in early 2019. Throughout the year TUI companies have been recognized by a variety of awards. TUI Cruises was awarded in December 2017 with the EcoTrophea at the German Travel Association Awards. In January 2018 TUI fly Belgium won the Brussels Airport Environment Award and in March 2018 TUI fly Germany, TUICruises, TUI Germany, Robinson Club and TUI Magic Life ranked high in a consumer research within the sustainability dimension undertaken by the Service Value and Focus in Germany. The environment Respecting the environment in our products, services and processes is an essential feature of our quality standards. We place priority on improving carbon and resource efficiency. Conserving natural resources and mitigating negative environmental impacts are both in the interests of our business as as well as the future success of travel and tourism. We face additional environmental challenges at a local level. Plastic waste, for example, is having a negative impact on destinations and ecosystems, especially in the oceans. Fresh water is also likely to become increasingly scarce in the coming years in some destinations. Tackling climate change is an urgent global challenge. The goal of the Paris Agreement to limit global warming to below 2°C above pre-industrial levels is ambitious and requires that every industry makes a timely transition towards an energy-efficient, lower-carbon future. As a sector leader, TUI has a responsibility to play our part. Carbon emissions are one of the most significant environmental impacts of tourism. Travel and tourism contribute some 5 % (UNEP 2008) of global carbon emissions - half of which is attributable to aviation. Our 'Step lightly' strategy therefore aims to reduce the environmental intensity of our operations and sets clear stretch targets for improvement across aviation, cruise, hotels, offices, retail shops and ground transport. TUI has implemented specific carbon reduction initiatives across the business - from airline and cruise efficiency programmes, to retail energy savings and the reduction of printed brochures.
In FY 2018, TUI Group's total emissions increased year-on-year in absolute terms, primarly due to growth in its Airline & Aviation sector. The increase in absolute carbon emissions in Hotels is driven by the expansion of TUI's hotel portfolio. Carbon emissions in Cruises increased by 4.3 % which was the result of the launch of the new Mein Schiff 1 (operated by TUI Cruises) and the first full year reporting of Mein Schiff 6. Emissions from offices and retail shops significantly declined, mainly due to energy efficiency initiatives in the UK and Germany.
Energy usage by business area As part of TUI's environmental reporting we have included a breakdown of energy usage by business area. Airlines and Aviation represents more than 84 % of the total energy used. Climate protection and resource efficiency We already operate one of Europe's most carbon-efficient airlines and we aim to continuously improve. TUI Airlines' comparative performance was recognised in November 2017 by the independent climate protection organisation atmosfair, which ranked TUI Airways and TUI fly Germany #1 and #3 respectively as the most carbon-Âefficient airlines amongst the 200 largest airlines worldwide. TUI Airlines have numerous measures in place to further enhance carbon efficiency. We have implemented the following measures to support our efficiency goals:
With efficiency measures and fleet renewal, we expect to continue to make progress over the next few years but acknowledge that reaching our commitment to reduce our operational carbon intensity by 10 % by 2020 will be a challenge. TUI's airlines play a pioneering role in introducing environmental management systems based on the internationally recognised ISO 14001 standard. In the period under review, each of our five tour operator airlines (representing 95 % of our aircraft) achieved ISO 14001:2015 certification. The TUI Aviation Environment & Fuel Team is responsible for an alignment of the fuel and environment practices and activities, integrating them into a single TUI Airlines operating policy, procedures and performance tools. The team drives best practice in fuel and environment management, providing end-to-end delivery of initiatives and projects in order to deliver the TUI Group sustainability objectives. Latest developments and updates about the performance are presented to the TUI Aviation Board regularly so that appropriate measures can be taken.
* rpk=revenue passenger kilometer
* rpk=revenue passenger kilometer We commissioned PwC Netherlands to provide assurance on the carbon intensity metrics displayed in the table 'TUI Airlines - Carbon Intensity' above. To read our airline carbon data methodology document and PwC's Assurance report in full, please visit www.tuigroup.com/en-en/sustainability/reporting Relative carbon emissions across our airlines improved by 0.1 % in the FY 2018. As a scheduled longhaul operator Corsair International's payload consists of both passengers and cargo. Cargo transportation results in higher fuel burn and carbon emissions as is reflected in Corsair's carbon intensity performance. TUI fly Germany's carbon efficiency performance deteriorated due to fleet expansion associated with Air Berlin's insolvency. To enhance the information content, specific emissions are also shown in the form of CO2 equivalents (CO2e). Apart from carbon dioxide (CO2), they include the other five greenhouse gases impacting the climate as listed in the Kyoto Protocol: methane (CH4), nitrous oxide (N2O), hydro-fluorocarbons (HFCs), perfluorocarbons (PFCs) and Sulphur hexafluoride (SF6). Climate protection and resource management In 2018, TUI Cruises launched the new Mein Schiff 1. The newbuild ships in the fleet save fuel through a combination of the latest technologies. A smart energy management system, efficient air conditioning, innovative lighting controls and the use of waste heat from the engines all contribute to a significantly reduced carbon footprint. The International Maritime Organization (IMO) has defined particularly stringent NOx limit values for ship newbuilds in specified Nitrogen Emission Control Areas (NECAS) off the North American coast. Equipped with a main engine that is completely compliant with TIER III, the new Mein Schiff 1 fully meets these criteria. TUI Cruises Environment Report: Sulphur emissions from the newbuilds in the fleet are also up to 99 % lower thanks to new systems that treat exhaust fumes before releasing them. The ships are fitted with advanced emission purification systems, which operate around the clock worldwide - not only in the designated special emission control areas of the North and Baltic Seas, the English Channel and North America but also in the other areas that TUI Cruises travels to, such as the Mediterranean, Orient, Caribbean and Central America. In FY 2018, TUI Cruises continued a food waste project supported by the industry initiative Futouris entitled 'Reduction of food waste on cruise ships'. Using a waste analysis tool and applying various measures onboard led to an overall 17 % reduction in food waste onboard the ship. These results, including specific proposals relating to measurement of food waste and best practices, will be made available to the entire cruise sector and are being implemented more widely across the TUI Cruises fleet. All Hapag-Lloyd Cruises ships have Tributyltin-free underwater coatings, seawater desalination systems for water treatment purposes as well as a biological sewage treatment system for wastewater. Waste is separated on board in an environmentally-Âfriendly manner prior to disposal on land by specialized companies in accordance with international regulations (MARPOL). Hapag-Lloyd Cruises' expedition vessel MS Bremen is one of the first ships worldwide which has achieved the 'Polar Ship Certificate', a certificate for navigating in polar regions. To reduce emissions in harbors, the MS Europa 2 has facilities for cold ironing for the energy supply onboard when berthing in respective harbors. In the FY 2018 Marella Cruises has invested significant time improving its environmental data management systems and processes. This has helped to drive environmental performance with carbon emissions, fresh water consumption and waste production per passenger cruise night all improving year on year. The fleet continues to operate as efficiently as possible. This is achieved through the installation of new equipment on board such as air conditioning plant, and operating single engine running, or drifting on passage, so that the engines can run at their most efficient speed - all of which cuts energy demand on board.
In FY 2018, relative carbon emissions in Cruises decreased by 6.5 % mainly driven by the on-going re-fleeting programme, more efficient energy use and technological improvements. Per cruise passenger night 12.7 litres of waste were measured - a reduction by 13.6 % and 110 litres of fresh water consumed, a reduction by 31.9 %, due to fleet renewal and enhanced water desalination facilities on board. Climate protection and resource management Together with our hotel partners we constantly work on improving our sustainability performance. We have found our hotels with sustainability certifications deliver on average better environmental performance and higher customer satisfaction. We have included a sustainability clause in contracts with our accommodation suppliers outlining minimum expectations and the requirement to work towards credible sustainability certification recognised by the Global Sustainable Tourism Council (GSTC). TUI is supporting its hotel partners by providing guidance and consultancy to enable our hotel partners to prepare for certification. TUI hotels were involved in numerous sustainability projects and initiatives in 2018 including the following:
* Includes water for domestic, pool and irrigation purposes Effective waste management aims to conserve resources and reduce environmental impacts and costs through recycling practices. Our owned and partner hotels implement various measures to reduce waste, for example through a stronger focus on local procurement and reducing packaging via buying in bulk. Per guest night 2.2 kg of waste were measured in FY 2018. Water is one of the most precious resources in the world. Beyond measures to control usage, hotels are finding innovative ways to address fresh water supply problems. For instance, desalination projects can make a big impact in destinations where they are in operation. Animal Welfare TUI audits its suppliers against established animal welfare guidelines. TUI excursions featuring animals must comply with ABTA guidelines (Global Animal Welfare Guidance for Animals in Tourism). Since 2016 more than 150 independent audits of animal attractions featured by TUI were conducted. Wherever possible we prefer to work with suppliers on improvement plans, however a number of venues were taken out of the programme who did not meet the standards. Social issues and destination collaboration Tourism can be a powerful force for good - boosting economies, creating jobs and enhancing cultural understanding and tolerance. Through our 'Better Holidays, Better World' strategy we aim to ensure that local communities share the benefits of tourism and that the environment and human rights are protected along our value chain.
* Measured by the number of customers we take to hotels with credible sustainability certification - defined as those recognised or approved by the Global Sustainable Tourism Council (GSTC). Greener and fairer holidays One of our key areas of focus is the hotel - the largest component of the holiday experience. Our expectation of hotels that work with us is that they will commit to social and environmental good practice. Certification is central to our commitment to offer 'greener and fairer' holidays. It is a credible way of showing whether our hotels go further than others when it comes to social and environmental issues. We encourage our hotels to aim for certification that is GSTC (Global Sustainable Tourism Council) recognised and we are strong supporters of the certification programme Travelife. We also have a set of exclusive TUI Collection excursions that have been developed by TUI and tailored to give customers a true taste of the destination. Each excursion must meet specific criteria for sustainability, showing that it is bringing benefit to local people and minimising its impact on the environment.
1 Hotels that are certified to a GSTC-recognised certification 2 Variance is given in percentage points In FY 2018, the number of customers staying in a hotel which is certified according to a GSTC-recognised standard increased by 11.9 % to 9.2 million. This increase reflects improved and adjusted reporting processes, as well as the increase in the number of accommodation suppliers who achieved certification to GSTC-Ârecognised standards, by 12.1 % to 1,520 hotels. The number stated in FY 2017 was updated for a like to like comparison which resulted in an increase from 1,220 hotels to 1,356 hotels. Our customers went on 1,177,095 TUI Collection excursions in FY 2018, up 15 % on 2017. Customer demand Embedding sustainability into our brand and raising customer awareness are key priorities. We want to stimulate demand for more sustainable holidays by showing customers how these contribute to a better holiday experience and highlighting the role they can play in creating positive change. Our consumer research from 2017 showed a significant increase in customer demand for holiday companies to manage their sustainability impacts and to provide more sustainable holiday products. This aligns with our Better Holidays, Better World strategy and spurs on efforts to communicate proactively with customers on sustainability throughout the holiday journey.
Access for all We aim to provide as many people as possible with accessible holidays, and to pioneer development of new products and processes that enhance the ease and comfort of travel. In 2018 we continued to assess the services we offer to ensure we are in line with the requirements of the new EU Package Travel Directive 2015 on accessible travel, that was implemented on 1 July 2018. We will continue to focus on improving the information available to customers to ease their holiday booking experience. Dialogue Stakeholders in destinations have a significant role to play in sustainable tourism management. We work closely with communities, local and national governments, non-governmental organisations and trade associations to support the sustainable management of destinations. The lab of tomorrow The tourism industry is a major part of Egypt's economy. In the 'lab of tomorrow', a joint initiative with the German development organisation GIZ, TUI - with the support of the TUI Care Foundation - is tackling the challenges of lack of appropriately skilled personnel and vocational training opportunities, as well as the low participation of women in the labour force. During 2018 we worked with the project's public and private partners to develop solutions for these problems, researching, co-creating and piloting new business models on a small scale in Egypt to prove the concepts. Issues being examined include development of hotel management skills and improving technical and vocational education for young people in the tourism sector to improve quality standards. Leading the way The TUI Care Foundation is the main channel to fulfil our ambition to support good causes and enhance the positive impacts of tourism. Read more about TUI Care Foundation on www.tuicarefoundation.com
The amount raised for sustainability projects and good causes reached 7.8 million in FY 2018, an increase by 6.8 %. TUI Care Foundation was adopted as our Group corporate foundation in 2016 to unite our project activities. The TUI Care Foundation is an independent charitable foundation, with a majority of non-TUI trustees. TUI Care Foundation builds on the potential of tourism as a force for good by supporting and initiating partnerships and projects that create new opportunities for the young generation and contribute to thriving destinations all over the world. The Foundation's 'Caring for a Better World' strategic framework has three fields of engagement - empowering young people, protecting the natural environment and helping communities thrive. Examples include:
Human Rights TUI Group respects all internationally proclaimed human rights as specified in the International Bill of Human Rights and expects the same of our suppliers and business partners. Modern slavery and its components of forced labour and human trafficking are of particular concern given their egregious nature and increasing prevalence. Modern Slavery Act Statement on In accordance with applicable law, conventions and regulation TUI is committed to respecting human rights throughout its worldwide operations. We have a number of policies and initiatives in place to monitor, identify, mitigate and prevent human rights impacts in line with the UN Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights, and will take remedial action where necessary. In September 2014, TUI signed up to the UN Global Compact, committing the Group to 10 universally accepted principles in the areas of human rights, labour, environment and anticorruption. In 2012, TUI signed the UN World Tourism Organisation's (UNWTO) Global Code of Ethics- further underlining our commitment to respecting human rights. We have a working group on human rights, drawing on senior management from major departments across our business to help with the continuous process of analysing potential human rights risks. We also sit on the Boards of the Global Sustainable Tourism Council (GSTC) and Travelife, both of which are addressing these issues through sustainability certification standards. TUI Group has a number of policies and procurement processes in place focused on the prevention of human rights violations and modern slavery.
We require our hotel suppliers to implement credible sustainability 3rd party certifications recognised or approved by the Global Sustainable Tourism Council (GSTC). Schemes approved and / or recognised by GSTC mandate the highest standards of human rights, child protection and social welfare in the tourism industry. The number of TUI customers staying in a hotel certified to a GSTC-recognised standard grew to 9.2 million and the number of hotels with certification grew to 1,520. A key focus is raising awareness of human rights across our business. In 2018 we continued to roll out bespoke training sessions and material on modern slavery, including a modern slavery video. Over 4,600 TUI Destination Experiences colleagues completed child protection training in 2018. An e-learning module on modern slavery was developed and cascaded by Destination Experiences in 2018 and over 82 % of customer-facing colleagues have completed it. Airline crew in the UK and Nordics receive Vulnerable Children & Trafficking Training during their inductions, where they learn about how to spot trafficking and what to do. Other TUI airlines are in the process of rolling out similar trainings. TUI Group supports a number of projects and partnerships to protect human rights in our destinations. We raise awareness of modern slavery at TUI hotel partner conferences and support Travelife with road shows. We co-organised hotelier seminars in Thailand with Travelife in April 2018 to discuss modern slavery and influence more hotels to reach sustainability certification standards. TUI Care Foundation supports a number of projects which protect human rights. In 2018 the Foundation expanded the TUI Academy programme by launching one in Hue, Vietnam. The project is providing education and training to help young vulnerable street workers improve their lives, including providing 350 young people with vocational training. Some 180 street workers will take part in hospitality training in a social enterprise training restaurant being set up in Hue city. Our employees Qualified and engaged employees are a major prerequisite for TUI's long-term success as a leading tourism company. Seeking to recruit, develop and retain the best talents, we therefore adopted a sustainable HR strategy in 2016 designed to make us 'The best company to work for'. It consists of five core strategic arÂeas: Engagement, Leadership, People Development, Organisational Effectiveness and HR Function Development. Within these areas, we have launched 15 strategic projects in total, pursuing them further in the period under review. Thereby we also aim to embed our vision 'Think Travel. Think TUI.' and our corporate values 'Trusted', 'Unique' and 'Inspiring' further in our employees' day-to-day activities. The Supervisory Board and management are regularly briefed about the implementation status of our HR strategy and the strategic projects. In the completed financial year, we continued to establish an efficient project reporting process, and we intend to build on this further. Beyond that, the definition of KPIs as a control tool will enable us to measure the progress of projects and to depict their sustainability more comprehensively. Digital transformation is increasingly important for TUI. On the one hand, the provision of products and services to meet our customers' needs and preferences changes. On the other hand, digitisation also creates technical, cultural and organisational challenges for our employees. Economic and social interdependencies are becoming more complex and technological networks more extensive. At the same time, this development also creates the opportunity for our employees to structure their working and private lifes in a manner more in line with their needs. TUI and the Group Works Council are seeking to actively address these requirements and the permanent change taking place in the world of work so as to shape the future together. The policy paper 'newWork@TUI', agreed this year, provides the necessary framework and milestones for the journey through digital transformation. In order to support our goal to become more digital in HR, we have launched the Group-wide HR cloud solution TUI People. It will support us in our employee recruitment, performance reviews, development and retention activities in the long term. Thus, TUI People makes an essential contribution to securing our Company's competitiveness and the personal development of our employees. In October 2017, we successfully launched the first out of a total of five modules, 'Performance & Talent Management', as a pilot project in seven German Group companies. With the start of the new financial year, this module will be rolled out in additional source markets and other German Group companies to support the Group-wide 'Great Place to Grow' process. The other modules will be successively implemented in 2019. Care More We are seeking to be an attractive employer encouraging employees to engage with passion and personality. With 'Care more', the fourth pillar of our 'Better Holidays, Better World' initiative, our employees are an integral and crucial part of our sustainability strategy. After all, they make TUI the number one in the tourism sector and their satisfaction, engagement and personal development are a key prerequisite for our sustained success. Our goal is to achieve a colleague engagement score of over 80 by 2020 in order to be among the Top 25 global companies. This goal also forms the framework for the implementation of our strategic HR projects. HR strategy projects TUIgether employee survey TUIgether is TUI's employee survey, operated in partnership with an independent employee engagement research institute. Now well-established after 3 annual survey cycles from 2015 onward, this year taking account of leadership and employee feedback, a decision was made to hold a Pulse survey. The Pulse survey was positioned as an interim 'health check' of engagement, providing leaders and teams across the Group a longer timeframe to implement and embed initiatives identified from 2017's annual survey results. Survey participation scope and results reporting to team level were unchanged, yet a shorter questionnaire was adopted. A further annual survey is planned in 2019, utilising the full question set, when teams and businesses across TUI will be able to assess the impact of their 2017 initiatives in depth. The Pulse survey focused on our priority topics of Engagement, TUI's VIBE leadership model - Vision, Inspire, Build Teams, Execute - and three questions assessing follow up process effectiveness. Increasing digitisation is a common objective across TUI, and to align with that goal, an App, enabling participants to complete the survey via mobile phone or tablet, was trialled in specific populations this year. The App functionality also permits managers to download their team's results report directly to their mobile phone or tablet if they wish. This is a great benefit, particularly for those managers with geographically dispersed teams who spend significant time travelling. The TUI Group Engagement Index is 76 in 2018, 2 percentage points above our research institute's Global norm. Compared to the score of 77 in 2017, it slightly decreased by 1. The overall VIBE leadership index was also stable with 72 compared to 73 in 2017. Furthermore, the sub-indices results of the 4 VIBE pillars have helped our senior leaders to identify appropriate focus areas for the year ahead. With a participation rate of 75 % we almost achieved our goal of an 80 % response rate. Clear and transparent results communications and an active Âinvolvement in follow up processes at all levels, underpin the TUIgether survey philosophy. There are many ways we deliver on these principles. The results and follow up phase starts with a presentation of the TUI Group overall results to the Group ExecuÂtive Committee. There is also a clear expectation towards the leaders at all levels to share the results with their own teams and co-create action plans based on the findings. The inclusion of TUIgether on the Senior Leadership Team conference agenda also demonstrates the level of importance the Group Executive Committee places on TUIgether. Regular follow up at senior leadership meetings ensures momentum progressing initiatives is maintained throughout the year. The Supervisory Board also receives results presentations and updates over the course of the year. All these measures combine to set an appropriate leadership focus on maximising benefit from the survey as a tool to help improve business performance and employee engagement. Furthermore, the TUIgether results are communicated to our employees via different channels. The team results are communicated to the managers who share and discuss these together with their employees in workshops. The overall results are also Âpublished in our group intranet. In the course of the already established 'TUIgether chats', employees have the possibility to discuss with and raise questions directly to Board members. A new initiative is 'TUIgether Heroes'. This campaign aims at raising awareness of specific actions taken at local business level and sharing best practices. Our sustained commitment to TUIgether and delivering a transparent and comprehensive range of follow up activity has now established our employee survey as the principle instrument for receiving feedback and supporting continuous business improvement across TUI. Employer branding By creating a uniform employer brand, TUI is seeking to position and establish itself as an attractive employer. The overall goal of our HR strategy, 'The best company to work for', provided the framework for developing and launching an employer branding campaign. With this campaign, we aim to attract and recruit the best talents. Our transformation into a more digital company characterised by stronger networking and integration, is reflected in the campaign by the active use of different digital channels and our homogeneous approach to job advertisements. Having been implemented in Germany in the prior financial year, the campaign was rolled out to other regions such as Western Region and TUI Destination Experiences in the period under review. It will shortly be extended to further countries. oneShare OneShare is another strategic project aimed at increasing employee engagement and loyalty. Participation in this programme offers employees around the world the opportunity to subscribe to shares from a joint employee share programme in the long term. The goal is to offer them an attractive investment opportunity while strengthening their identification with TUI. OneShare, launched in 2017 with a total of 18 countries, was successfully rolled out to six additional countries in the reporting period. In addition, the new 'Golden Shares' were offered for the first time in 2018. Every participant received 12 additional shares on top of their investment, regardless of the amount invested. In 2018, the rate of participation was 14.1 %, significantly exceeding the target of 10 %. This result reflects the high attractiveness of the offer for our employees. People Development Our success depends on qualified and engaged employees. People Development is therefore one of the key elements of TUI's HR strategy. Within this area, we have launched a number of projects and programmes to develop specialists and executives in anticipation of future needs, increase diversity within the workforce and promote different career paths. Great Place to Grow A key milestone in People Development was the Group-wide Âestablishment of the global performance and talent management approach 'Great Place to Grow', supported by the IT platform TUI People. 'Great Place to Grow' is a three-stage, structured dialogue process between managers and their employees. The first step is the annual planning process of individual goals and development opportunities for the new financial year. The mid- and the year-end dialogue serve to review the individual progress towards the goals and the employee's current development. The dialogue focuses on the respective tasks and objectives, Âindividual potentials and the implementation of TUI's values in the employee's day-to-day activities. Due to clear guidelines and definitions, 'Great Place to Grow' secures a uniform understanding of performance, potential and development perspectives, greater transparency and visibility of high potentials, and selective succession management. The 'Great Place to Grow' annual cycle also includes the implementation of 'Talent Calibration Panels'. Within these, Executives and HR validate and calibrate jointly the performance and potential assessments of employees in their areas. The results achieved for each area also form the basis for the creation of a succession plan. Learning@TUI TUI sees itself as a learning organisation. We provide regular training and learning sessions to offer our employees personal and technical development opportunities and prepare them for future tasks thoroughly. In order to enhance the dialogue between the companies and segments within TUI and to encourage people to learn from one another and with each other, we carried out a Group-wide Learning Week 'newWork@TUI - TUI as a Learning Organisation' in the established format. One of the key topics was digital transformation, which becomes increasingly important in the field of learning. Apart from numerous e-learnings and online training sessions, we also operate our TUI Academies, which offer online training programmes for selected areas. In addition to this, we provide individual, digital learning opportunities at the local level, e. g. online libraries and digital learning hubs. In the new financial year, we will also launch the TUI People learning module. With this common platform based on state-of-the-art technology, 'anytime, anywhere' access and high-quality personalised, innovative and intuitive learning programmes, we are aiming to optimally qualify our employees and comprehensively support them in exercising their tasks. Moreover, the joint use of learning schemes delivers synergies and ensures compliance with specific legal requirements within the World of TUI. Succession Planning & Talent Management Foreseeing succession planning is essential for the success of our Company. In order to secure succession for critical business functions and key roles in line with the respective demands, a specific succession plan for the top management levels was adopted this year. It sets out short-, medium- and long-term succession so that appropriate resources are available at any time if necessary. The status of succession planning is regularly reported to the Supervisory Board. In order to secure and build a pipeline of specialist and leadership talent, TUI operates a number of programmes including the Group-wide 'International Graduate Leadership Programme' as well as already established global programmes like 'Global High Performance Leadership', 'Perspectives' and 'Horizons'. In addition, a variety of measures are implemented at local level to develop expert and managerial skills. International careers / Global 360 TUI aims to foster international careers and promote employee mobility within the Group. Therefore, the 'Global 60' programme was initiated in 2016. Interested employees are given the opportunity to make their next career move in another country to gain international work experience, benefit from immersion in another culture and learn about TUI Group from a different perspective. The programme also aims to encourage managers to look beyond their own market when recruiting talents. At the 'Global 60 Conference' held at the end of 2017, the participants of the first 'Global 60' programme year met Executive Board members to discuss the pros and cons of international careers and to formulate recommendations for future programme development and ways to translate it into 'business as usual'. One result of the conference was that the programme was renamed 'Global 360'. The new name reflects TUI's internationality and 360-degree view of international careers at all levels and in all functions of the organisation. It also reflects the diverse impacts of the project on culture, operations as well as on the exchange of experience between the source markets and different functions. Thus, the initiative also drives cultural change at TUI towards a more Âglobalised world of work. In the period under review, 44 employees agreed to participate in 'Global 360' to gain new professional, personal and cultural experiences. Diversity@TUI Group-wide, the proportion of women in the overall headcount reduced slightly from 56.6 % to 55.7 %. The main focus of our Diversity activities is to increase the proportion of women in managerial functions. The women's share of managerial functions has continued to develop positively from 34.1 % to 34.5 %. The proportion of women on our German supervisory bodies also continued to rise in the period under review. On 30 September 2018, women accounted overall for almost 42 % of members, up by around 2 percentage points year-on-year. In Germany, advantage was taken of the self-commitment mechanism provided for under the German Stock Corporation Act (AktG) and the Act on Limited Liability Companies (GmbHG) to fix specific targets for TUI AG, TUI Deutschland and TUI fly in FY 2015. In the period under review, nearly all targets were achieved. For 2020, targets were fixed for these companies under the self-commitment mechanism. Regular reports on the status quo are presented to the Executive Board. See Declaration on Corporate Governance and Corporate Governance Report on page 112 TUI initiated measures aimed at increasing the number of women in leadership functions in the long term. These include incorporating at least one woman in the short list for new roles or replacements within the Senior Leadership Team.
A further focus is on reconciliation of family and work life. TUI offers its employees a number of attractive schemes to reconcile the demands on their professional and private lives. These include flexible working time models such as flexitime, part-time work, sabbaticals but also mobile working. We furthermore support our employees when they are caring for children or other family members. All of TUI's activities in this field are in line with local requirements and circumstances. Employee indicators In the period under review, TUI Group's total headcount grew by 4.5 %, above all due to the acquisition of Destination Management from Hotelbeds Group.
* Excludes TUI Cruises (JV) employees. Cruises employees are primarily hired by Âexternal crew management agencies. Hotels & Resorts Due to the continued growth strategy in Hotels & Resorts, the headcount rose by 5.1 % to 27,643 employees. The launch of new hotel resorts and the inclusion of additional destinations resulted in staff increases. Riu Group reported a slight increase in its headcount by 2.0 % to 12,336. While new hotels were opened, for instance in Tanzania, a number of hotels were closed in the Dominican Republic and St Martin. The number of employees working for Robinson grew by 1.5 % to 3,945, wheras Other Hotels rose to 1,536. This was primarily due to the continued expansion of the TUI Blue brand. The number of employees working for Northern Hotels increased slightly by 2.4 % to 9,826. Cruises The headcount in the Cruises segment grew by 3.8 % year-on-year to 328. The increase was primarily attributable to the newbuild projects in the expedition cruise segment and a slight build-up in staff numbers working for Marella Cruises. TUI Destination Experiences The Destination Experiences segment reported a headcount growth of 56.5 % to 8,469 compared to the previous financial year. The increase was primarily attributable to the acquisition of Destination Management from Hotelbeds Group. Staff numbers also rose due to the organisational transfer of employees from the UK. Northern Region Northern Region recorded a decline in its headcount of 11.9 % to 12,513 in the period under review. It mainly resulted from the Âorganisational transfer of employees from the UK to TUI Destination Experiences. Central Region The headcount in Central Region was almost flat year-on-year at 10,389 as at the balance sheet date. In Germany and Austria, staffing numbers remained more or less constant. Switzerland reported a slight increase in its headcount to 509 employees. Due to the opening of new shops, staff numbers rose, in particular in Poland, which recorded an increase to 671 employees. Western Region Compared to the previous financial year, the headcount in Western Region grew by 1.1 % to 6,595. Staffing numbers rose in the Netherland airline and Belgium airline. On the other hand, the number of employees working in France decreased. All Other segments At 3,609 employees, the headcount in the category All Other ÂSegments was nearly flat year-on-year. The number of employees working for the Corporate Centre rose by 9.3 % to 317, above all as new functions were built up. The number of employees working for Head Office functions in the UK grew by 4.5 % to 299. Due to organisational changes in India, Future Markets reduced its headcount by 21.1 % to 359.
* By domicile of company At 79 %, the majority of our employees are employed in Europe. The reported decline of employees in Great Britain to 17 % is mainly attributable to an organisational transfer of employees to TUI Destination Experiences. The number of employees working in Germany amounted to around 15 %, followed by Spain with around 14 %. Due to the acquisition of Destination Management from Hotelbeds Group, TUI operates in 11 additional countries. This particularly explains the increase of employees outside Europe.
The pay package offered by TUI Group is made up of various components, reflecting the framework conditions in different countries and companies. It also reflects the appropriateness of remuneration and customary market rates. Depending on the function concerned, a fixed basic salary may go hand in hand with variable components. TUI Group uses these variable factors to honour individual performance and to enable employees to particiÂpate in the Company's strategic and long-term success. Moreover, senior management have share options and are thus able to benefit directly when the Company grows in value. In the period under review, TUI Group's personnel costs increased by 3.4 % to EUR 2,436 m. The year-on-year increase in expenses for wages and salaries was mainly attributable to higher staff numbers in operating areas as well as pay rises. Other HR areas Pension schemes Many TUI Group companies offer their employees pension schemes in the form of direct insurance contracts and individual or direct commitments to build up a private pension, or they pay additional contributions to pension schemes for their employees. In Germany, collective contracts have been concluded in order to meet the legal entitlement to deferred compensation. These schemes were devised to take advantage of fiscal and social security opportunities, particularly for employee-funded company pension schemes through direct insurance. Part-time early retirement To further increase the flexibility of their company HR and succession planning, Group companies in Germany are able to make use of the opportunities provided under the German Part-Time Early Retirement Act, enabling people to shift gradually from employment to retirement. This opportunity is partly supported by current Âcollective bargaining contracts and company agreements, and is increasingly being taken up. At the balance sheet date, EUR 9.4 m was provided through a capital investment model for the 227 employees working under part-time early retirement contracts in order to hedge their accrued assets against employer insolvency. Global Employment Statement A further milestone achieved during the period under review was the resolution to publish a Global Employment Statement. It is aimed at fair and respectful treatment of employees at all levels and compliance with applicable law and industrial standards. Our TUI Global Employment Statement aims to make a Group-wide commitment to promote human rights, no discrimination, no forced labor, no child labour, salaries and benefits, freedom of association and collective bargaining, health and safety, diversity as well as people development and feedback culture. This commitment should be applied both to our own employees and those of our contractual partners. Employee representatives TUI Group has a large number of co-determination bodies at a national and international, company and supra-company level. They include local works councils, company works councils and the Group Works Council. The members of these bodies represent the interests of our Group's employees in Germany. Through their statutory rights of participation and initiative, they ensure representation of the interests of employees on all issues and projects of relevance to staff members and compliance with employee rights. The Group Works Council is the top-level body for representing the interests of employees in German companies in accordance with legislation on industrial relations. In FY 2018, it consisted of 28 members from 21 companies. By delegating their representatives to the Group Works Council, the respective bodies obtain continuous and up-to-date information about structural and operational challenges within the Group. Due to their co-determination activities and their active participation in response to the needs and issues that call for action, they have a high penetration rate among the Group's employees. In this context, both the Group Works Council and the local works councils in Germany have made an important contribution to the implementation of the HR strategy through the conclusion of accompanying works council agreements. A key project was the conclusion of an agreement on the launch of long-term worktime accounts for German Group companies. This has laid the basis for employees to take up options for paid time off later in their career in the form, for example, of early retirement or a sabbatical. The next step is to implement the model. At a European level, TUI's Europe Forum ensures a proper process of information and consultation on cross-border issues affecting the interests of employees in at least two member states of the European Economic Area (and Switzerland). TUI's Europe Forum represents the interests of employees in companies abroad, thereby performing important work in supporting the companies and integrating their employees. In FY 2018, 45 employee representatives from 14 countries were delegated to the Forum. The area of focus of the TEF in the period under review included the establishment of a cross-border Group Occupational Health Management system and various strategic projects in European countries. Security, Health & Safety In the reporting period, TUI AG's Group Security, Health & Safety (Group SHS) team continued to refine our holistic, Group-wide safety concept for customers and employees, the Company's reputation and assets. Dialogue on a regular basis with our subsidiaries and Group departments provides the basis for professional safety management in line with needs and requirements. Group SHS focuses on pro-active and sustainable action. It continually monitors and analyses developments in the destinations, prepares response measures and manages exceptional situations. In conjunction with subsequent follow-up measures (lessons learnt and process adjustments), this cycle is implemented as a continuous, interconnected process. The period under review saw the development and implementation of standardised, Group-wide frameworks such as guidelines, operaÂtional instructions and processes. They ensure fast and pertinent responses to safety-critical events and pro-active protection from risks. Examples include guidelines for safety measures within Hotels & Resorts, for business travel or for event and crisis management. These frameworks are based on a holistic risk analysis, taking account of incidents, nature-related, social and political developments in destinations, health-related information and safety-Ârelevant briefings from government agencies. They form the basis for advice provided by Group SHS, e. g. in the form of safety training, consulting, defined actions or planning documents. The frameworks are applicable group-wide. Shareholdings in which management control does not lie with TUI AG, are advised to implement the frameworks. On this basis, security and safety functions across the Group cooperate within a network coordinated by Group SHS. This ensures full Group coverage and a coordinated approach on safety-related issues tailored to the needs of the activities concerned. Implementation of these safety standards is ensured by regular trips to destinations and to our Hotels & Resorts for the purposes of consultancy and evaluation. In the period under review, Group SHS carried out fifteen evaluation visits to various destinations. Apart from obtaining local insights into the safety standards of our hotels, this dialogue with hotel managers and with representatives of both TUI Destination Experiences and safety and tourism authorities provides an overview of the destination concerned and the challenges it poses to TUI as an integrated travel group. Reporting to management creates the opportunity to initiate and orchestrate further measures. In the reporting period, numerous audits embedded in the quality assurance process were carried out. Apart from safety audits, Group SHS launched around 5,400 safety and security audits. In addition to this consultancy work, particular weight is attached to professional development and awareness-building for our own staff. Travel agency and airport station staff received additional safety and security advice tailored to their specific areas of activity. TUI AG operates a Group-wide event and crisis management system. It was successfully applied, for instance, in connection with tropical storms, earthquakes and wildfires as well as health-relevant events. Apart from aggregating data and analysing the local situation, our event management frameworks ascertain how guests and employees are affected and what support they need, as well as coordinating with local public agencies, European bodies and other partners. 24 / 7 control centres form the basis for fast and pertinent responses to critical events. Appropriate reporting ensures that management is informed and continually updated on all key events and developments. Compliance / Anti-corruption and anti-bribery Details of TUI Group's anti-corruption and anti-bribery measures are presented in the Corporate Governance section on Compliance from page 125 in the present Annual Report. Annual financial Condensed version according to German Commercial Code (HGB) Earnings position of TUI AG The annual financial statements of TUI AG were prepared in Âaccordance with the provisions of the German Commercial Code (HGB), taking account of the complementary provisions of the German Stock Corporation Act (AktG), and audited by Deloitte GmbH Wirtschaftsprüfungsgesellschaft, Hanover. They are Âpublished in the federal gazette. The annual financial statements have been made permanently available on the Internet at  In the present Annual Report, the Management Report of TUI AG has been combined with the Management Report of TUI Group.
The earnings position of TUI AG, the Group's parent company, is primarily determined by the appropriation of profits by its Group companies, either directly associated with TUI AG via profit and loss transfer agreements or distributing their profits to TUI AG based on relevant resolutions. Turnover and other operating income The increase in turnover in the financial year under review mainly resulted from higher licensing revenue due to the launch of a changed licensing fee model. The decline in other operating income was primarily attributable to a year-on-year decline in gains on exchange. This income was offset by expenses for exchange losses of a similar amount, carried in other operating expenses. Apart from the gains on exchange, other operating income primarily included income from the elimination of intercompany services, carried alongside expenses of almost the same amount passed on to TUI AG from other Group companies, also carried in other operating expenses. Expenses Personnel costs rose versus FY 2017. Pension expenses increased primarily due to transfers to pension provisions. The increase in personnel costs was driven in particular by bonus payments and share options from multi-year remuneration models for members of the boards. Other operating expenses mainly comprised the cost of financial and monetary transactions, charges, fees, services, transfers to impairments, other administrative costs as well as expenses for exchange losses and the intercompany elimination of services. Other operating expenses declined in particular due to the decreasein expenses for exchange losses. Net income from investments In the financial year under review, TUI AG's net income from investments was driven by the distribution of profits by TUI Cruises GmbH and by TUI Travel Holdings via TUI Travel Ltd. in the context with the acquisition of TUI Nordics Holding AB. Net income from investments also included income from profit transfers from hotel companies and companies allocable to central operations. It also comprised expenses for loss transfers from Group companies, resulting in a corresponding reduction in net income from investments. Loss transfers increased year-on-year. Write-downs of investments In the period under review, write-downs of investments mainly related to write-downs of a subsidiary allocated to central operations as well as an investment in a Turkish hotel. In the period under review, write-downs were also effected on loans to Group companies. Interest result The decline in the interest result was partly attributable to an increase in interest expenses (to affiliated companies). This effect was not fully offset by the increase in non-current loans to Group companies by TUI AG and the associated interest income. Taxes In the period under review, taxes related to income taxes and other taxes. They did not include any deferred taxes. Net profit for the year For FY 2018, TUI AG posted a net profit for the year of EUR 983.4 m. Net assets of TUI AG TUI AG's net assets and financial position as well as its balance sheet structure reflect its function as the TUI Group's parent company. The balance sheet total rose by 6.1 % to EUR 10.4 bn in FY 2018.
Fixed assets At the balance sheet date, fixed assets almost exclusively consisted of investments. The increase in investments was mainly attributable to the acquisitions of TUI Nordic Holding AB and TUI Portugal SA as well as the implementation of capital increases by subsidiaries. Current assets The decrease in current assets of 12.1 % to EUR 2,359.8 m was mainly driven by the decline in cash and cash equivalents and receivables / TUI AG's capital structure Equity TUI AG's equity increased by EUR 608.8 m to EUR 5,801.5 m. The subscribed capital of TUI AG consists of no-par value shares, each representing an equal portion in the capital stock. The proportionate share in the capital stock per share is around EUR 2.56. At the end of FY 2018, the subscribed capital of TUI AG rose due to the issue of employee shares. At the end of the financial year under review, subscribed capital comprised 587,901,304 shares. In FY 2018, capital reserves rose by EUR 5.9 m due to the issue of employee shares and share-based payments. Revenue reserves exclusively consisted of other revenue reserves. The Articles of Association do not contain any provisions concerning the formation of reserves. The profit for the year amounted to EUR 983.4 m. Taking account of the profit carried forward of EUR 814.0 m, net profit available for distribution totalled EUR 1,797.4 m. A proposal will be submitted to the Annual General Meeting to use the net profit available for distribution for the financial year under review to distribute a dividend of EUR 0.72 per no-par value share and to carry the amount of EUR 1,374.1 m, remaining after deduction of the dividend total of EUR 423.3 m, forward on new account. The equity ratio rose to 55.9 % (previous year 53.1 %) in FY 2018. Provisions Provisions decreased by EUR 100.6 m to EUR 361.9 m. They consisted of pension provisions worth EUR 144.5 m (previous year EUR 136.0 m), tax provisions worth EUR 122.6 m (previous year EUR 196.1 m) and other provisions worth EUR 94.8 m (previous year EUR 130.4 m). While pension provisions rose slightly year-on-year in the financial year under review, tax provisions and provisions for invoices outstanding, personnel costs and other risks declined versus the prior year. Liabilities TUI AG's liabilities totalled EUR 4,217.4 m, up by EUR 90.3 m or 2.2 %. In October 2016, TUI AG issued an unsecured bond worth EUR 300.0 m maturing in October 2021. TUI AG used the proceeds from the issue of this bond to cancel and repay a five-year bond issued in September 2014 ahead of its maturity date. In July 2018, TUI AG issued an unsecured Schuldschein with banks with a total volume of EUR 425.0 m for general corporate financing purposes with different tenors of five to ten years. The increase in liabilities was mainly driven by the transactions of the TUI AG subsidiaries included in its cash pool. TUI's net financial position (cash and cash equivalents as well as marketable securities less bonds and Schuldschein) declined year-on-year, amounting to a clearly positive position of EUR 164.3 m in the period under review. Capital authorisation resolutions Information on new or existing resolutions concerning capital authorisation, adopted by Annual General Meetings, is provided in the next chapter on Information Required under Takeover Law. TUI share TUI share has gained 61 % since the merger The TUI share has outperformed significantly over the four-year period. The share's Total Shareholder Return (TSR) has increased by 61 % since the announcement of the merger with TUI Travel in June 2014, considerably outperforming the FTSE 100 (+ 31 %) and DAX 30 (+ 23 %) indices. In a market environment characterised by macroeconomic and geopolitical challenges, TUI Group delivered the total announced merger synergies of EUR 100 m, accelerated the Group's transformation as a leading provider of holiday products and launched important digitalisation initiatives. During that period, the Group has paid dividends worth around EUR 1.6 bn to its shareholders (including the dividend proposal for FY 2018) and increased its operating result by more than 10 % on a constant currency basis for the fourth consecutive year. The share price performance demonstrates TUI Group's strong positioning as a leading provider with own hotel and cruise products and unique holiday experiences with its own direct distribution. Our strategy of double diversification, i. e. our balanced portfolio of markets and destinations, creates resilience and enables us to flexibly respond to Âdifferent market conditions. It forms the basis for the further implementation of our growth roadmap. TUI share continues considerable outperformance The TUI share started off the current financial year at a price of EUR 14.53. Supported by strong business results, further progress in the transformation of the Group and the presentation of new digitalisation strategy, the TUI share gained significantly in the course of the year. Shortly after the Capital Markets Day for analysts and investors with a special focus on the cruise segment, the share price closed at its full year high of EUR 20.66 on 17 May 2018. The market environment was subsequently characterised by external challenges: On the one hand, it was adversely affected by flight disruptions, driven primarily by air traffic control strikes in France. On the other hand, customers' booking behaviour was impacted by the sustained period of exceptionally hot weather in Northern Europe this summer. TUI's share also saw impact from announcements of lowered profit guidance by other travel and tourism companies. Moreover, the trade dispute between the US and China as well as Turkey intensified further, causing increasing uncertainty in the international capital markets and, among others, a strong fall in the Turkish lira. At the end of the financial year under review, the TUI share turned positive again, benefiting from high booking numbers and the reiteration of the operating profit guidance at constant currency. This further demonstrates the strength and resilience of our transformed business model in a challenging environment. The Total Shareholder Return of the TUI share rose by a total of 17 % in 2018, while FTSE 100 only gained 6 % and DAX 30 lost around 5 %.
Quotations, indices and trading The TUI share has its primary listing in the Premium segment of the Main Market of the London Stock Exchange and is included in FTSE's UK Index Series including FTSE 100, the UK's major share index. It also has a secondary listing in the electronic trading system Xetra and at the Hanover Stock Exchange. TUI AG is represented in the sustainability index FTSE4Good and on the Ethibel Investment Register. In 2018 TUI was included in the RobecoSam Sustainability Yearbook with a 'Silver Class' distinction. TUI participated again in the CDP Climate Change assessment 2018, results being announced in early 2019. In FY 2018, the average daily trading volume at the London Stock Exchange was around 1.3 million shares, while about 0.6 million shares were traded on Xetra. Across all trading platforms, the trading volume in the UK amounted to around 3.4 million shares, with around 1.8 m shares traded in the euro line. Both the sterling and the euro lines thus delivered strong liquidity for trading by institutional and retail investors. Analyst recommendations Analysis and recommendations by financial analysts are a key decision-making factor for institutional and private investors. In the financial year under review, more than 20 analysts regularly published studies on TUI Group. In September 2018, 63 % of analysts issued a recommendation to 'buy' the TUI share, with 32 % recommending 'hold'. One analyst recommended 'sell'. Shareholder structure The current shareholder structure and the voting right notifications pursuant to section 33 of the German Securities Trading Act are available online at: www.tuigroup.com/en-en/investors/share/shareholder-Âstructure and www.tuigroup.com/de-de/investoren/news At the end of FY 2018, around 75 % of TUI shares were in free float. Around 7 % of all TUI shares were held by private shareholders, around 65 % by institutional investors and financial institutes and around 28 % by strategic investors. Analysis of the share register shows that most shares are being held by investors from EU countries. Dividend policy
In the framework of the merger with TUI Travel, TUI Group defined a dividend policy under which the dividend increases in line with the growth in underlying EBITA at constant currency. A proposal will therefore be submitted to the Annual General Meeting to distribute a dividend of EUR 0.72 per no-par value share to the shareholders for FY 2018. Investor Relations Open and continuous dialogue and transparent communication form the basis for our Investor Relations work with our private shareholders, institutional investors, equity and credit analysts and lenders. There are three reasons to invest in the TUI share: More details about Investor Relations online at: In the completed financial year, many discussions were held, centring on the growth strategy for the integrated tourism group, the digitalisation initiatives and the business performance in the individual segments, enabling stakeholders to make a realistic assessment of TUI Group's future development. In this context, TUI's management team sought dialogue with investors at roadshows and conferences in London, Dublin, Frankfurt, Berlin, Munich, Zurich, Vienna, Milan, Madrid, Amsterdam, Brussels, Paris, Oslo, Copenhagen, Tokyo, New York, Boston, Chicago, Montreal and Toronto. TUI's Investor Relations team also makes every effort to engage in direct contact with private investors. TUI Group's IR team sought dialogue with this target group on many occasions, such as events organised by shareholder associations. Another key platform for exchanges with private shareholders was the IR stall at TUI's Annual General Meeting. TUI also offers a broad range of information for its analysts, investors and private shareholders on its website. All results conference calls were transmitted live and comprehensive information on the Capital Markets Day was presented on the website. Information required pursuant to sections 289a (1) and 315a (1) of the German Composition of subscribed capital The subscribed capital of TUI AG consists of no-par value shares, each representing an equal share of the capital stock. As a proportion of the capital stock, the value of each share is around EUR 2.56. The subscribed capital of TUI AG, registered in the commercial registers of the district courts of Berlin-Charlottenburg and Hanover, consisted of 587,901,304 shares at the end of FY 2018 (previous year 587,386,900 shares) and totalled EUR 1,502,945,818.40. Each share confers one vote at the Annual General Meeting. Restrictions on voting rights and The Executive Board of TUI AG is not aware of any restrictions on voting rights or the transfer of shares. Equity interests exceeding 10 % of the The Executive Board of TUI AG has been notified of the following direct or indirect equity interests reaching or exceeding 10 % of the voting rights: Alexey Mordashov, Russia, notified us on 15 December 2016 pursuant to section 33 (1) of the German Securities Trading Act that the voting shares in TUI AG, Hanover, Germany, attributable to him exceeded the 20 % threshold on 12 December 2016. As per that date, voting shares totalling 20.01 % (or 117,484,579 voting rights) were attributable to Alexey Mordashov pursuant to section 34 (1) sentence 1 no. 1 of the German Securities Trading Act. On the basis of the notifications pursuant to section 19 of the MAR, the voting shares in TUI AG attributable to him amounted to 24.998 % as at 30 September 2018. At the end of FY 2018, around 75 % of TUI shares were in free float. Around 7 % of all TUI shares were held by private shareholders, around 65 % by institutional investors and financial institutes and around 28 % by strategic investors. Shares with special rights conferring powers of control No shares with special rights conferring powers of control have been issued. System of voting right control of any employee Where TUI AG grants shares to employees under its employee share programme, the shares are directly transferred to the employees (sometimes with a lock-up period). Beneficiaries are free to directly exercise the control rights to which employee shares entitle them, in just the same way as other shareholders, in line with legal requirements and the provisions of the Articles of Association. Appointment and removal of Executive Board members and amendments to the Articles of Association The appointment and removal of Executive Board members is based on sections 84 et seq. of the German Stock Corporation Act in combination with section 31 of the German Co-Determination Act. Amendments to the Articles of Association are based on the provisions of sections 179 et seq. of the German Stock Corporation Act in combination with section 24 of the Articles of Association of TUI AG. Powers of the Executive Board to issue or buy back shares The Annual General Meeting of 13 February 2018 authorised TUI AG's Executive Board to acquire own shares of up to 5 % of the capital stock. The authorisation will expire on 12 August 2019. The Annual General Meeting of 13 February 2018 adopted a resolution to create authorised capital for the issue of employee shares worth EUR 30.0 m. The Executive Board of TUI AG is authorised to use this approved capital by 12 February 2023 in one or several transactions by issuing employee shares against cash contribution. In the completed financial year, 514,404 new employee shares were issued, so that the authorised capital totalled around EUR 28.7 m at the balance sheet date. The Annual General Meeting of 9 February 2016 adopted a resolution to create conditional capital of EUR 150.0 m for the issue of bonds. The authorisation to issue bonds with conversion options or warrants as well as profit-sharing rights and income bonds (with or without fixed terms) of up to a nominal amount of EUR 2.0 bn will expire on 8 February 2021. The Annual General Meeting of 9 February 2016 also adopted a resolution to create authorised capital for the issue of new registered shares against cash contribution worth a maximum of EUR 150.0 m. The authorisation will expire on 8 February 2021. The Annual General Meeting on 9 February 2016 furthermore adopted a resolution to create authorised capital for the issue of new shares of EUR 570.0 m against cash contributions or contributions in kind. The issue of new shares against contributions in kind has been limited to EUR 300.0 m. The authorisation will expire on 8 February 2021. To date, the authorisations approved in 2016 have not been used. See (23) Subscribed capital in the Notes on page 206 and (6) Subscribed capitel in the Financial Statements of TUI AG. Significant agreements taking effect in the event of a change of control of the Company following a takeover bid, and the resulting effects Some of TUI AG's outstanding financing instruments contain change of control clauses. A change of control occurs in particular if a third partly directly or indirectly acquires control over at least 50 % or the majority of the voting shares in TUI AG. In the event of a change of control, the holders of the Schuldschein worth EUR 425.0 m and of the fixed-interest senior bond worth EUR 300.0 m must be offered a buyback. For the syndicated credit line worth EUR 1.75 bn, of which EUR 102.4 m had been used via bank guarantees as at the balance sheet date, a right of termination by the lenders has been agreed in the event of a change of control. This also applies to several bilateral guarantee lines with a total volume of £ 85.0 m, concluded with various insurance companies. At the balance sheet date, an amount of £ 27.3 m had been used. Beyond this, there are no agreements in guarantee, leasing, option or other financial contracts that might cause material early redemption obligations that would be of significant relevance for the Group's liquidity. Apart from the financing instruments mentioned above, a framework agreement between the Riu family and TUI AG includes a change of control clause. A change of control occurs if a shareholder group represents a predefined majority of AGM attendees or if one third of the shareholder representatives on the Supervisory Board are attributable to a shareholder group. In the event of a change of control, the Riu family is entitled to acquire at least 20 % and at most all shares held by TUI in RIUSA II S.A. A similar agreement concerning a change of control at TUI AG has been concluded with the El Chiaty Group. Here, too, a change of control occurs if a shareholder group represents a predefined majority of AGM attendees or if one third of the shareholder representatives on the Supervisory Board are attributable to a shareholder group. In that case, the El Chiaty Group is entitled to acquire at least 15 % and at most all shares held by TUI in the joint hotel companies in Egypt and the United Arab Emirates. A change of control agreement has also been concluded for the joint venture TUI Cruises between Royal Caribbean Cruises Ltd and TUI AG for the event that a change of control occurs in TUI AG. The agreement gives the partner the right to demand termination of the joint venture and to purchase the stake held by TUI AG at a price which is lower than the selling price of their own stake. Compensation agreements have not been concluded between the Company and Executive Board members or employees in the event of a takeover bid. Executive Board and
1 Representative of the employees 2 Information refers to 30 September 2018 or date of resignation from the ÂSupervisory Board of TUI AG in FY 2018. 3 Chairman 4 Deputy Chairman a) Membership in supervisory boards within the meaning of section 125 of the German Stock Corporation Act (AktG) b) Membership in comparable German and non-German bodies of companies Âwithin the meaning of section 125 of the German Stock Corporation Act (AktG)
1 Information refers to 30 September 2018 or date of resignation 2 Chairman a) Membership in Supervisory Boards required by law within the meaning of section 125 of the German Stock Corporation Act (AktG) b) Membership in comparable Boards of domestic and foreign companies within the meaning of section 125 of the German Stock Corporation Act (AktG) Corporate Governance Statement on Corporate Governance The actions of TUI AG's management and oversight bodies are determined by the principles of good and responsible corporate governance. The Executive Board and the Supervisory Board comprehensively discussed Corporate Governance issues in FY 2018. In this chapter, the Executive Board and the Supervisory Board provide their report on Corporate Governance in the Company pursuant to sub-section 3.10 of the German Corporate Governance Code (DCGK) and section 289a of the German Commercial Code (HGB) as well as Disclosure and Transparency Rule (DTR) 7.2 and Listing Rule (LR) 9.8.7R. 1. Declaration of Compliance pursuant to section 161 of the German Stock Corporation Act (AktG) As a stock corporation company under German law, TUI AG's ExecuÂtive Board and Supervisory Board are obliged to submit a declaÂration of compliance with the DCGK pursuant to section 161 of the German Stock Corporation Act. www.dcgk.de/en/code.html Wording of the declaration of Compliance for 2018 'In accordance with section 161 of the German Stock Corporation Act, the Executive Board and Supervisory Board hereby declare: Since the last annual declaration of compliance was submitted in December 2017, the recommendations of the German Corporate Governance Code in the version dated 7 February 2017 have been and will be fully observed.' Place of publication: www.tuigroup.com/en-en/investors/corporate-governance 2. Declaration of Compliance pursuant to DTR 7.2 and LR 9.8.7R As an overseas company with a premium listing on the London Stock Exchange, TUI AG's Executive Board and Supervisory Board are obliged pursuant to No. 7.2 DTR and LR 9.8.7R to make a statement on the application of the UK Corporate Governance Code (UK CGC). At the time of the merger TUI AG had announced it would comply with the UK Code https://www.frc.org.uk/getattachment/ca7e94c4-b9a9-49e2-a824-Âad76a322873c/UK-Corporate-Governance-Code-April-2016.pdf to the extent practicable. In many respects, the requirements of the DCGK and the UK Code are similar. However, there are certain aspects which are not compatible (in some cases due to the different legal regimes in Germany und the UK). Therefore some deviations from Code requirements and best practice in the UKhave been necessary. Under the German Stock Corporation Act, the legislation applicable to TUI AG, a two-tier board system is mandatory (see below section 'Functioning of the Executive and Supervisory Board' on page 120). The two-tier board structure is different to the UK unitary board structure on which the UK Code is based. Some of the principles of composition and operation of the boards of a German stock corporation also differ from those of a UK company (for example, there is no Company Secretary). For this reason, the Executive Board and the Supervisory Board have set out below in which areas the UK Code is not complied with and explained the reasons for the deviations. In addition, the Executive Board and the Supervisory Board have also explained those instances where they consider TUI AG not to be compliant with the UK Code in the literal sense but where it lives up to the spirit and meaning of the respective regulation. Sub-headings refer to sections of the UK Code for ease of reference for investors. Wording of the UK Corporate Governance "Executive Board and Supervisory Board declare pursuant to DTR 7.2 and LR 9.8.7R: 'Throughout the reporting period, TUI AG has complied with the provisions of the UK Code in the version of April 2016, including its main principles, except as set out and explained below.' Place of publication: www.tuigroup.com/en-en/investors/corporate-governance IDENTIFICATION OF SENIOR INDEPENDENT DIRECTOR (A1.2, A4.1) Under German law and the German Code, there is no concept of a 'Senior Independent Director'. Instead, shareholders may raise any issues at the Annual General Meeting (AGM). In this forum, the Executive Board and the Chairman of the Supervisory Board are available to address any issues and are legally obliged to provide adequate responses. Outside the AGM, shareholders may approach the Executive Board, in particular the CEO or the CFO, or, for topics relating to Supervisory Board matters, the Chairman of the Supervisory Board or any of his Deputies. Sir Michael Hodgkinson, who was the Deputy Chairman and Senior Independent Director of TUI Travel PLC before the merger, was re-elected as additional Deputy Chairman of the Supervisory Board of TUI AG in February 2016 alongside Frank Jakobi (First Deputy Chairman who, under the German Co-Determination Act, must be an Employee Representative). After Sir Michael Hodgkinson resigned from the Supervisory Board at the end of the Annual General Meeting on 13 February 2018, the Supervisory Board elected Peter Long to replace him as additional Deputy Chairman at its meeting on 13 February 2018 following the Annual General Meeting. DIVISION OF RESPONSIBILITIES - CHAIRMAN & CHIEF The separation of the roles of the Chairman of the Supervisory Board (Prof. Klaus Mangold) and the CEO (Friedrich Joussen) is clearly defined under German law as part of the two-tier board structure. Therefore, no further division of responsibilities is Ârequired and both the Executive Board and the Supervisory Board consider that TUI AG lives up to the spirit and meaning of the UK Code. INDEPENDENCE OF SUPERVISORY BOARD MEMBERS (B1.1) Under the UK Code, the Board must identify in the annual report each non-executive director it considers to be 'independent' for the purposes of the UK Code. Based on the responsibilities assigned to the Supervisory Board by the German Stock Corporation Act, the members of the Supervisory Board are considered to be non-executive directors for the purposes of the UK Code. Under the UK Code, persons are 'independent' if they are independent in character and judgement and if there are no relationships or circumstances which are likely to affect, or could appear to affect, their judgement. TUI AG does not, however, extend its independence disclosures to employee representatives on the Supervisory Board (for a detailed explanation of shareholder and employee representatives and the underlying considerations, please see below). The Supervisory Board has determined that six of its nine shareholder representatives (the Chairman is not taken into account according to the UK Code) are independent for the purposes of the UK Code. The shareholder representatives considered to be independent are: Prof. Edgar Ernst, Valerie Gooding, Janis Kong, Coline McConville, Angelika Gifford and Sir Michael Hodgkinson (until 13 February 2018), resp. Dr Dieter Zetsche (since 13 February 2018). Additionally, the Chairman was independent on election in 2011 and re-election in February 2016 and is still considered independent (Prof. Klaus Mangold also was independent when he was elected to the Supervisory Board in January 2010). The members of the Supervisory Board not considered to be independent for the purposes of the UK Code are Carmen Riu Güell, Alexey Mordashov and Peter Long. In reaching its determination, the Supervisory Board has considered, in particular, the factors set out below. SHAREHOLDER AND EMPLOYEE REPRESENTATIVES The Supervisory Board of TUI AG consists of ten members who are elected by shareholders at AGM (the 'Shareholder Representatives') and ten members who represent the employees of TUI AG (the 'Employee Representatives'). This differs from UK practice where only those board members representing major shareholders are typically referred to as 'Shareholder Representatives' and are not considered independent under the UK Code because of their link to a significant shareholder. In TUI AG, only the shareholder representatives Carmen Riu Güell (Riu-Hotels, approx. 3.4 % of the voting rights) and Alexey ÂMordashov (approx. 24,998 % of the voting rights via Unifirm Ltd., majority controlled by himself) are connected to significant shareholders or are shareholders themselves. It should also be noted that joint ventures exist between TUI AG and both Riu Hotels S. A. and TUI Russia & CIS (in which a majority controlling interest is held by Mr Mordashov) (for further details see page 108 of the ÂAnnual Report). Until his election to the Supervisory Board in February 2016, Peter Long was Joint-CEO of TUI AGfrom December 2014 to February 2016. Prior to that, he was a member of the ÂExecutive Board of TUI AG from 2007 and CEO of TUI Travel PLC. Therefore, neither Ms Riu Güell nor Mr Mordashov nor Mr Long are considered independent for the purposes of the UK Code. Seven of the ten employee representatives of the Supervisory Board are elected by the employees of TUI Group entitled to vote. Three employee representatives are nominated by a German trade union (ver.di). Under the UK Code, directors who are or have been employees of the Group in the last five years or who participate in the Group's pension arrangements would generally not be considered independent. In the UK, directors with an employment relationship are normally current or former executives. By contrast, under German law, employee representatives of the Supervisory Board must be employees of the Group, and must be elected by the employees without any involvement of the Executive or Supervisory Boards. Furthermore, the employment contract of employee representatives may only be terminated in exceptional cases. The employee representatives may also participate in Group pension schemes as is normal for employees and in their capacity as employees. Trade union representatives are nominated, and employed by, the trade union but are still classified as employee representatives. They can only be removed from the Supervisory Board by their respective union and neither the Executive nor the Supervisory Board has any role in their appointment or removal. HALF THE BOARD SHOULD BE INDEPENDENT ÂNON-EXECUTIVE DIRECTORS (B1.2) Since, for the purpose of the UK Code, only the shareholder representatives on the Supervisory Board are taken into account, with six independent members (excluding the Chairman of the ÂSupervisory Board) more than half of its members are considered independent. NOMINATION COMMITTEE - COMPOSITION AND ÂRESPONSIBILITIES (B2.1) The role of the Nomination Committee in a typical UK company is fulfilled in TUI AG by two Committees of the Supervisory Board: Under the Rules of Procedure for the Supervisory Board and its Committees (which are equivalent to the Terms of Reference of a British corporation) the Nomination Committee considers and proposes suitable candidates as shareholder representatives to the Supervisory Board for its election proposals to the AGM. The Presiding Committee determines the requirements and remuneration for any new appointments to the Executive Board and recommends suitable candidates to the Supervisory Board. On that basis, the Supervisory Board appoints Executive Board members. This approach is different from the UK where all director appointments are approved by shareholders at the AGM. However, as is common practice in Germany, at each AGM shareholders are asked to decide whether they approve the actions of the Executive Board and Supervisory Board members during the past financial year. Since the AGM 2015, in the light of UK practice, TUI AG has changed its procedure to allow a separate vote on each individual Executive Board and Supervisory Board member, as it is customary in the UK. TUI AG intends to continue this practice. Accordingly, the Supervisory Board considers that TUI AG lives up to the spirit and meaning of the UK Code to the extent practicable. There is no requirement under German law or the German Corporate Governance Code for the majority of the Nomination Committee members to be independent. Of the four members of the Nomination Committee, two are either significant shareholders themselves or associated with significant shareholders (Carmen Riu Güell and Alexey Mordashov) and therefore not independent for the purposes of the UK Code. Until 13 February 2018 the remaining two members, Sir Michael Hodgkinson and Prof. Klaus Mangold (Chairman) were both independent. Since 13 February 2018, Peter Long has replaced Sir Michael Hodgkinson as a member of the Nomination Committee, so that only Prof. Klaus Mangold is independent under the UK Code. Therefore TUI AG is not compliant with the UK Code which requires a majority of the Nomination Committee to be independent. However, TUI AG considers that the current membership of the Nomination Committee provides a strong and experienced pre-selection of Supervisory Board shareholder representation members, while keeping the Committee to a manageable size. A publication of the Rules of Procedure for the Supervisory Board, its committees (including the Audit Committee) and for the ExecuÂtive Board is not provided for under German law and the German Corporate Governance Code. Therefore TUI AG is not compliant with this provision of the UK Code. NOMINATION COMMITTEESECTION IN THE ANNUAL ÂREPORT & ACCOUNTS (B2.4) For the activities of the Nomination Committee, see page 19 which is part of the Chairman's letter to shareholders. Succession planning for management levels below Executive Board is carried out by the Executive Board. The Presiding Committee is responsible for succession planning for the Executive Board. TERMS & CONDITIONS OF APPOINTMENTS OF ÂNON-EXECUTIVE DIRECTORS (B3. 2) The terms and conditions of Supervisory Board members' appointments follow the provisions of the German Stock Corporation Act and the Articles of Association of TUI AG. The Articles of Association are available on the website at www.tuigroup.com/ ADVICE AND SERVICES OF THE COMPANY SECRETARY (B5. 2) There is no specific role of Company Secretary in German companies. However, Executive and Supervisory Board members have access to the Board Office of TUI AG if they need any advice or services. The Board Office acts as an interface in corporate matters for the Executive and Supervisory Board members and is responsible for ensuring that the requisite processes and procedures are in place governing all Executive and Supervisory Board meetings (i. e. preparation of agendas, minuting of meetings and ensuring compliance with German and UK law, as appropriate, and with recommendations for corporate governance). The Board Office also supports the Chairman, the CEO, the CFO and the Chairmen of the Audit Committee and the Strategy Committee. Executive and ÂSupervisory Board members also have access to legal advice via the Group Director Legal, Compliance & Board Office and via the Board Office. The Supervisory Board can also approach the Executive Board directly for specific advice on any matters. Accordingly, the Executive Board and the Supervisory Board consider that TUI AG lives up to the spirit and meaning of the UK Code. BOARD PERFORMANCE EVALUATION (B6) The performance of each individual Executive Board member is evaluated annually by the Supervisory Board for the annual performance-based remuneration. In this context, the Supervisory Board also reviews the individual member's overall performance as part of the Executive Board. However, no external performance evaluation is done for the Executive Board. It is not customary to conduct annual reviews of the Supervisory Board's efficiency. Each Supervisory Board member can give feedback to the Chairman, the Deputy Chairmen or the Supervisory Board as a whole as and when appropriate or required. External evaluation, which includes the work of the Chairman of the Supervisory Board, is performed by means of individual interviews and anonymous reviews. Executive Board members are invited to contribute to the process. Consolidated results are shared with the entire Supervisory Board and appropriate actions are suggested and discussed as appropriate. The last external review of the Supervisory Board was undertaken in 2015 by Board Consultants International. Board Consultants International has no other connection with TUI AG. Most recently, the Supervisory Board dealt with an update on the efficiency review and with measures derived from the results of the efficiency review at its meeting on 8 February 2016. An internal efficiency review was conducted at the end of 2018. It is planned to conduct an efficiency review with external support in the course of 2019. ANNUAL RE-ELECTION BY SHAREHOLDERS None of the Executive or Supervisory Board members is re-elected annually. However, as noted above, in light of the UK Code and UK best practice, TUI AG voluntarily puts individual resolutions approving the actions of each Executive and Supervisory Board member to the AGM resolving on the annual financial statements for the previous year. TUI AG intends to continue this practice. The end of appointment periods for Supervisory Board members are disclosed in the table from page 112. Current curricula vitae of all Executive and Supervisory Board members are published at www.tuigroup.com/en-en/investors/corporate-governance. FAIR, BALANCED AND UNDERSTANDABLE ANNUAL REPORT AND ACCOUNTS (C1.1) In a German stock corporation the Executive Board is responsible for drafting the Annual Report & Accounts (ARA). According to section 243 (2) of the German Commercial Act (HGB) the ARA must be clearly arranged and should present a realistic picture of the Company's economic situation. This is equivalent to the UK Code requirement for the ARA to be fair, balanced and understandable. Although this assessment has not been delegated to the Audit Committee (C3.4), the Executive Board is convinced that this ARA satisfies both requirements. ESTABLISHMENT AND OPERATION OF REMUNERATION COMMITTEE (D2), REMUNERATION (D1) In the German governance structure there is no separate Remuneration Committee. The remuneration of the Executive Board is under involvement of the employee representatives monitored and agreed by the Supervisory Board based on recommendations from the Presiding Committee, which is governed by the Supervisory Board Rules of Procedure, as referred to above. Supervisory Board remuneration and the remuneration of Board Committee members is governed by the Articles of Association as resolved on by the shareholders at the AGM. There are no clawback or malus provisions in the service contracts of Executive Board members. Such provisions are not yet widespread in Germany and, depending on their design, are difficult to enforce. However, there are different contractual and statutory provisions that may allow for a reduction or forfeiture of remuneraÂtion components or allow TUI AG to claim damages from Executive Board members. First, the service contracts of Executive Board members provide for forfeiture of the annual bonus and the LTIP if TUI AG terminates the service contract for cause without notice before the end of the one year performance period in the case of the annual bonus or before the end of the respective performance period of the LTIP. Second, according to section 87 (2) German Stock Corporation Act (AktG) the Supervisory Board may, under certain exceptional circumstances, reduce Executive Board compensation in case of a deterioration of the economic situation of TUI AG. Third, Executive Board members may be liable for damages under the German Stock Corporation Act in case of a breach of their duties of care or fiduciary duties. See the Directors' Remuneration Report from page 128 for full details on Executive and Supervisory Board member's remuneration. NOTICE PERIODS FOR EXECUTIVE DIRECTORS (D1.5) In accordance with the customary practice in Germany members of the Executive Board are appointed for a term of three to five years. This does not comply with the UK Code recommendation which stipulates that notice or contract periods should be set at one year or less. However, the contracts include maximum limits on the amounts payable on termination. See Remuneration Report from page 128 DIALOGUE WITH SHAREHOLDERS (E1) It was not common practice in German companies for Supervisory Board members to make themselves available for meetings with major shareholders. However, the German Corporate Governance Code in the version dated 7 February 2017 now stipulates in section 5.2 that the Chairman of the Supervisory Board should be willing to meet with investors in an appropriate manner to discuss Supervisory Board matters. Shareholders made no use of this option in FY 2018. The table below provides an overview of all meetings of the ExecuÂtive Board with shareholders, in some of which also employees of Investor Relations participated.
Key: Friedrich Joussen (FJ), Horst Baier (HB), Birgit Conix (BC) Key topics discussed at meetings between shareholders and ÂExecutive Board members included:
The Supervisory Board receives feedback from the Chairman and Deputy Chairman (shareholder representative) and Executive Board members following meetings with major shareholders or investors. Additionally, a monthly Investor Relations Report and event-driven assessments of brokers are forwarded to the Executive Board and the Supervisory Board. They contain updates on the share price development, analyses of the shareholder structure as well as purchases and sales of shares and feedback and assessments from investors.The Executive Board and the Supervisory Board consider that TUI AG lives up to the spirit and meaning of the UK Code. AGM RESOLUTION ON FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND ÂCONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (E2.1) It is not common practice in Germany to pass a resolution at the AGM to approve the financial statements and consolidated financial statements. Therefore, this was not done at the AGM in 2018 and it is not intended to do so at the AGM in 2019. However, as required by German law, the first item on the agenda of TUI AG's AGM is the presentation of the financial statements and consolidated financial statements to the AGM. Under this item, the Executive Board will explain the financial statements and consolidated financial statements and the Chairman will explain, in particular, the report of the Supervisory Board (including this UK Corporate Governance Statement). Shareholders will have the opportunity to raise questions. Questions are typically raised, as is normal in the AGMs of German companies, and, as a general rule, answers must be provided under German law. This is the standard practice for a German company and is in full compliance with the German Code. While the lack of a resolution to approve the Annual Report & Accounts is not in compliance with the UK Code, TUI AG considers that the arrangements afford shareholders with sufficient opportunity to raise any questions or concerns that they may have in relation to the Annual Report & Accounts, and to receive answers, in the AGM. Accordingly, the ÂExecutive Board and the Supervisory Board consider that TUI AG lives up to the spirit and meaning of the UK Code to the extent practicable. CIRCULATION OF AGM DOCUMENTATION TO ÂSHAREHOLDERS (E2.4) The 2018 AGM of TUI AG was held on 13 February 2018. As required by German law, the notice convening TUI AG's 2018 AGM (including the agenda and the voting proposals of the Executive Board and the Supervisory Board) was published in the Federal Gazette in Germany on 4 January 2018. Shareholders then had the right under German law to request additional agenda items at any time up to 30 days before the AGM. In accordance with German practice, once this deadline had expired, the combined invitation and explanatory notes relating to the AGM were sent to shareholders on 18 January 2018, which was less than the 20 working days before the AGM recommended in the UK Code (but more than the 21 days' notice required by German law). However, in addition to the original publication of the Invitation in the Federal Gazette in Germany, the combined invitation and explanatory notes relating to the AGM was published on TUI AG's website on 4 January 2018. As no additional agenda items were requested by shareholders, this was in the same form as the final combined invitation and explanatory notes relating to the AGM later sent to shareholders. Furthermore, TUI AG's Annual Report and Accounts for the financial year ending 30 September 2017 was published on 13 December 2017, significantly more than 20 working days before the 2018 AGM. Accordingly, the Executive Board and the Supervisory Board consider that TUI AG lives up to the spirit and meaning of the UK Code requirements. A similar timetable will be followed in relation to the 2019 AGM." 3. Further information on Corporate Governance FUNCTIONING OF THE EXECUTIVE AND SUPERVISORY BOARDS TUI AG is a company under German law. One of the fundamental principles of German stock corporation law is the dual management system involving two bodies, the Executive Board in charge of managing the company and the Supervisory Board in charge of monitoring the company. TUI AG's Executive Board and Supervisory Board cooperate closely and in a spirit of trust in managing and overseeing the Company, with strict separation between the two bodies in terms of their membership and competences. Both bodies are obliged to ensure the continued existence of the Company and sustainable creation of added value in harmony with the principles of the social market economy. TUI AG's Executive Board comprised seven members as at the closing date 30 September 2018. The Executive Board is responsible for managing the Company's business operations in the interests of the Company. The allocation of functions and responsibilities to individual Board members is presented in a separate section. For functions, see tables 'Supervisory Board and Executive Board' on page 112 et seq. In accordance with the law and the Articles of Association, the Supervisory Board had 20 members at the balance sheet date, i. e. 30 September 2018. The Supervisory Board advises and oversees the Executive Board in the management of the Company. It is involved in strategic and planning decisions and all decisions of fundamental importance to the Company. When the Executive Board takes decisions on major transactions, such as the annual budget, major acquisitions or divestments, it is required by its terms of reference to seek the approval of the Supervisory Board. The Chairman of the Supervisory Board coordinates the work in the Supervisory Board, chairs its meetings and represents the concerns of the body externally. The Supervisory Board and the Audit Committee have adopted terms of reference for their own work. In the run-up to the Supervisory Board meetings, the representatives of shareholders and employees meet separately. The Executive Board provides the Supervisory Board at regular meetings and in writing with comprehensive, up-to-date information about the strategy, the budget, business performance and the situation of the Group, including risk management and compliance. The Executive Board works on the basis of terms of reference issued by the Supervisory Board. TUI AG has taken out a D & O insurance policy with an appropriate deductible for all members of the Executive Board and Supervisory Board. The deductible amounts to 10 % of the loss up to the amount of one and a half times the fixed annual compensation. COMPOSITION OF THE SUPERVISORY BOARD As at the balance sheet date, 30 September 2018, the Supervisory Board of TUI AG comprised 20 members. The composition of the Supervisory Board in FY 2018 ensured that its members as a group had the knowledge, ability and expert experience required to properly complete their tasks. The goals set by the Supervisory Board itself for its composition include in particular comprehensive industry knowledge, at least five independent shareholder representatives, at least five members with international experience, and diversity (see also the diversity concepts for the Supervisory Board and the Executive Board from page 123 of this report). Twelve members of the Supervisory Board had considerable international experience. Due to the different professional experiences of its members, the composition of the Supervisory Board overall reflects a great diversity of relevant experience, ability and industry knowhow. None of the shareholder representatives on the Supervisory Board had any commercial or personal relationship with the Company, its Executive Board or third parties that might cause a material clash of interests. Seven shareholder representatives are independent (including the Chairman of the Supervisory Board, who can be included in the count according to the German Corporate Governance Code). The seven independent members were Prof. Edgar Ernst, Ms Angelika Gifford, Ms Valerie Gooding, Sir Michael Hodgkinson (until February 13, 2018), Dr Dieter Zetsche (from February 13, 2018), Ms Janis Kong, Ms Coline McConville and Prof. Klaus Mangold. In accordance with the recommendations of the German Corporate Governance Code, the original shareholder representatives were individually elected for five-year terms of office during elections to the Supervisory Board at the relevant General Meetings (October 2014, February 2016, February 2018). Only Prof. Klaus Mangold and Sir Michael Hodgkinson were older than 68 years when they were elected as members of the Supervisory Board. In both cases, the Supervisory Board deemed it appropriate to deviate from the regular age limit in order for the Company to benefit from Prof. Klaus Mangold's and Sir Michael Hodgkinson's extensive experience in order to complete the integration process and in order to ensure continuity. With Peter Long, a former member of the Executive Board has been a Supervisory Board member since the Annual General Meeting 2016 held on 9 February 2016. COMMITTEES OF THE SUPERVISORY BOARD AND THEIR COMPOSITION At 30 September 2018, the balance sheet date, the Supervisory Board had established four committees from among its members to support its work: the Presiding Committee, the Audit Committee, the Nomination Committee and the Strategy Committee. In addition, in accordance with section 27 (3) of the German Co-Determination Act, the Mediation Committee was furthermore established. The Presiding Committee and Audit Committee have eight members each, with an equal number of shareholder representatives (including the respective chairpersons of the committees) and employee representatives. The Presiding Committee prepares, in particular, the appointment of Executive Board members, including the terms and conditions of service contracts and remuneration proposals. The Audit Committee's task is to support the Supervisory Board in exercising its oversight function. The Chairman of the Audit Committee is an independent financial expert and has particular knowledge and experience in the application of accounting principles and internal control methods from his own professional practice. The Nomination Committee consists exclusively of shareholder representatives, in keeping with the recommendation in the German Corporate Governance Code. The task of its four members is to suggest suitable candidates for the Supervisory Board to propose to the Annual General Meeting. The Strategy Committee began its work after the Annual General Meeting 2016. Its task is to comprehensively advise and oversee the Executive Board in developing and implementing the corporate strategy. It prepares the annual strategy offsite meeting for the Supervisory Board, but does not have a mandate to take any decisions on behalf of the Supervisory Board. It comprises five shareholder representatives and one employee representative. CONFLICTS OF INTEREST Executive and Supervisory Board members have a duty to act in TUI AG's best interests. In the completed FY 2018, there were no conflicts of interest requiring disclosure to the Supervisory Board. None of the Executive Board or Supervisory Board members has a board role or a consultancy contract with one of TUI'scompetitors. SPECIFICATIONS PURSUANT TO SECTIONS 76 (4) , 111 (5) OF THE GERMAN STOCK CORPORATION ACT At least 30 % of the Supervisory Board members were women and at least 30 % were men at the balance sheet date. The Supervisory Board was therefore compliant with section 96 (2) sentence 1 of the German Stock Corporation Act. Neither the shareholder nor the employee representatives on the Supervisory Board objected to overall compliance in accordance with section 96 (2) sentence 2 of the German Stock Corporation Act. The Supervisory Board resolved, in keeping with section 111 (5) of the German Stock Corporation Act, that until 31 October 2020 one woman is required to be a member of the Executive Board. This goal was achieved in the reporting period with Dr Elke Eller's membership in the Executive Board and was exceeded since 15 July 2018 with the appointment of Ms Birgit Conix. In turn, the Executive Board resolved, in keeping with section 76 (4) of the German Stock Corporation Act, that women should account for 20 % of executives at the level immediately below the Executive Board and 30 % at the level below this. Both targets are to be achieved by 30 September 2020. For this reason, TUI AG has implemented various measures over the past years aimed at increasing the proportion of women on a long-term and sustainable basis. This includes, among other things, the promotion of women in talent programmes and specifically addressing them in the recruitment process. In addition, at least one woman should always be on the shortlist in the recruitment process for positions in the Senior Leadership Team. As a result of these measures, the proportion of women at TUI AG at the first management level below the Executive Board increased from 18 % to 24 % and thus exceeded the target of 20 %. The proportion of women at TUI AG at the second management level below the Executive Board was kept constant at 24 %. At these levels, however, staff turnover is generally very low. As a result, the proportion of women can only be increased slowly. Despite all the measures taken, the suitability and qualification of candidates for filling vacant positions are still of primary importance. SHAREHOLDERS AND ANNUAL GENERAL MEETING TUI AG shareholders exercise their co-determination and monitoring rights at the Annual General Meeting, which takes place at least once a year. The AGM takes decisions on all statutory matters, and these are binding on all shareholders and the Company. For voting on resolutions, each share confers one vote. All shareholders registering in due time are entitled to participate in the Annual General Meeting. Shareholders who are not able to attend the AGM in person are entitled to have their voting rights exercised by a bank, a shareholder association, one of the representatives provided by TUI AG and acting on the shareholders' behalf in accordance with their instructions, or some other proxy of their own choosing. Shareholders also have the opportunity of authorising the representative provided by TUI AG via the web in the run-up to the AGM. Shareholders can, moreover, register for electronic dispatch of the AGM documents. The invitation to the AGM and the reports and information required for voting are published in accordance with the provisions of the German Stock Corporation Act and provided in German and English on TUI AG's website. During the AGM, the presentations by the chairman of the Supervisory Board and the Executive Board members can be followed live over the Internet. RISK MANAGEMENT Good corporate governance entails the responsible handling of commercial risks. The Executive Board of TUI AG and the management of the TUI Group have comprehensive general and company-Âspecific reporting and monitoring systems available to identify, assess and manage these risks. These systems are continually developed, adjusted to match changes in overall conditions and reviewed by the auditors. The Executive Board regularly informs the Supervisory Board about existing risks and changes to these risks. The Audit Committee deals in particular with monitoring the accounting process, including reporting, the effectiveness of the internal control and risk management systems and the internal auditing system, compliance and audit of the annual financial statements. More detailed information about risk management in the TUI Group is presented in the Risk Report. It also contains the report on the accounting-related internal control and risk management system required in accordance with the German Commercial Code (sections 289 (5), 315 (2) no. 5 HGB). Risk Report see page 40 TRANSPARENCY TUI provides immediate, regular and up-to-date information about the Group's economic situation and new developments to capital market participants and the interested public. The Annual Report and the Interim Reports are published within the applicable timeframes. The Company publishes press releases and ad hoc announcements, if required, on topical events and any new developments. Moreover, the company website at www.tuigroup.com provides comprehensive information on TUI Group and the TUI share. The scheduled dates for the principal regular events and publications - such as the AGM, Annual Report and Interim Reports - are set out in a financial calendar. The calendar is published well in advance and made permanently accessible to the public on TUI AG's website. DIRECTORS' DEALINGS The Company was informed by Alexey Mordashov (via Unifirm Ltd.), Friedrich Joussen and Ortwin Strubelt of notifiable purchase and sale transactions of TUI AG shares or related financial instruments by directors (directors' dealings or managers' transactions) concerning FY 2018. Details are provided on the Company's website. Purchase and sales transactions by members of the boards are governed by the Group Manual Share Dealings by Restricted Persons, approved by the Executive Board and the Supervisory Board, alongside corresponding statutory provisions. The Group Manual Share Dealings by Restricted Persons stipulates above all an obligation to receive a clearance to deal for transactions with TUI AG's financial instruments. ACCOUNTING AND AUDITING TUI AG prepares its consolidated financial statements and consoliÂdated interim financial statements in accordance with the provisions of the International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) as applicable in the European Union. The statutory annual financial statements of TUI AG, which form the basis for the dividend payment, are prepared in accordance with the German Commercial Code (HGB). The consolidated financial statements are prepared by the Executive Board, audited by the auditors and approved by the Supervisory Board. The interim report is discussed between the Audit Committee and the Executive Board prior to publication.The consolidated financial statements and the financial statements of TUI AG were audited by Deloitte GmbH Wirtschaftsprüfungsgesellschaft, Hannover, the auditors elected by the 2018 Annual General Meeting. The audit was based on German auditing rules, taking account of the generally accepted auditing standards issued by the German Auditors' Institute as well as the International Standards on Auditing. It also covered the risk detection system. A review pursuant to Listing Rule 9.8.10R was carried out. See audit opinion by the auditors on page 260 The condensed consolidated interim financial statement and management report as at 31 March 2018 was reviewed by the auditors. In addition, a contractual agreement was concluded with the auditors to the effect that the auditors will immediately inform the Supervisory Board of any grounds for disqualification or partiality as well as of all findings and events of importance arising during the performance of the audit. There were no grounds to provide such information in the framework of the audit of FY 2018. Diversity concepts for the composition of the ÂExecutive Board and Supervisory Boards DIVERSITY CONCEPT FOR THE COMPOSITION OF THE ÂEXECUTIVE BOARD The diversity concept for the composition of the Executive Board takes into account the following diversity aspects: (a) Age As a rule, the employment contracts of members of the Executive Board end once the standard retirement age for statutory retirement insurance has been reached (currently 67). (b) Gender The Executive Board should include one woman. (c) Educational / professional background The necessity for a variety of educational and professional backgrounds already arises from the obligation to manage the company in accordance with the law, the company's articles of association and its terms of reference. In addition, the Executive Board as a whole, through its individual members, should possess the following essential background qualities:
GOALS OF THE DIVERSITY CONCEPT FOR THE COMPOSITION OF THE EXECUTIVE BOARD The standard retirement age on the one hand enables incumbent members of the Executive Board to contribute their professional and life experience for the good of the company for as long a time as possible. On the other hand, adherence to the standard retirement age is intended to promote regular rejuvenation of the board. Inclusion of both genders in Executive Board work is on the one hand an expression of the conviction of the Supervisory Board that mixed-gender teams lead to the same or better outcomes as teams with representation from only one gender. But it is also the logical continuation of the gender diversity measures implemented by the Executive Board within the wider company, which aim to increase the proportion of women in leadership roles. These measures are only to be applied and implemented in a credible manner if the Executive Board does not consist solely of male members ('proof of concept'). A variety of professional and educational backgrounds is necessary on the one hand to properly address the tasks and obligations of the law, the company's articles of association and its terms of reference. In addition, it is the view of the Supervisory Board that they are a guarantee of ensuring diverse perspectives on the challenges and associated approaches to overcoming them that are faced in the day-to-day work of the company. International management experience is of particular importance. Without such skill and experience with integrating, leading and motivating global teams, it is impossible to take into consideration the different cultural backgrounds of managerial staff and the workforce as a whole. METHOD OF IMPLEMENTATION OF THE DIVERSITY CONCEPT FOR THE COMPOSITION OF THE EXECUTIVE BOARD A key aspect of applying the diversity concept to the composition of the Executive Board is inclusion of the Supervisory Board within the corporate organisation, as is prescribed by law, the company's articles of association and its terms of reference. This ensures the Supervisory Board is familiar with the strategic, economic and actual situation of the company. In its role as overseer of the management of the Executive Board, the Supervisory Board of TUI AG makes decisions on the allocation of business responsibilities within the Executive Board, appointments to the Executive Board and thus also workforce and succession planning within the Executive Board. As part of that workforce and succession planning, the Presiding Committee or the Supervisory Board itself regularly meets with the Executive Board or its members to discuss suitable internal succession candidates for Executive Board positions (emergency, medium-term and long-term scenarios). As part of these Supervisory Board and Committee meetings, or in preparation for them, members of the Supervisory Board have the opportunity to meet up with so-called high potentials within the Group in a professional and personal setting. The Presiding Committee and Supervisory Board make their own deliberations about these matters and also discuss them in the absence of the Executive Board. This includes evaluation and possible inclusion of external candidates for Executive Board positions in the selection process. In all of these deliberations, the above-mentioned diversity aspects of Executive Board appointments play a part in the decision-making of the Supervisory Board. The Supervisory Board also asks the Executive Board to report twice a year on current progress and implementation of family-friendly concepts (e. g. flexible work times and locations via, for instance, video-conferencing, part-time options, cultural change) and concrete measures for promotion of women (e. g. at least one woman on the final shortlist for any new or replacement appointments to roles within the senior leadership team). RESULTS ACHIEVED IN FY 2018 With effect from 15. July 2018, Ms Birgit Conix was appointed member of the Executive Board. The target set by the Supervisory Board that at least one woman should be a member of the Executive Board has thus been exceeded. In addition, the appointments of Dr Elke Eller and Mr David Burling were extended for a further three years each by the respective Supervisory Board resolutions and the signing of the corresponding contracts in December 2017 (see overview of the Executive Board on page 114). It is the view of the Supervisory Board that Ms Conix. Dr Eller and Mr Burling among other things through their professional careers, their wide-ranging international experience and by virtue of their diverse professional histories and individual backgrounds, will contribute to the diversity of the Executive Board. For anyone interested in further information, the CVs of these and all other members of the Executive Board are available on the company website, as well as further details communicated about the appointment decisions of the Supervisory Board. DIVERSITY CONCEPT FOR THE COMPOSITION OF THE ÂSUPERVISORY BOARD The diversity concept for the composition of the Supervisory Board takes into account the following diversity aspects: The terms of reference of the Supervisory Board of TUI AG stipulate a standard age limit of 68 for elections to the Supervisory Board. Furthermore, the Supervisory Board has determined a standard limit for membership of the Supervisory Board in accordance with the recommendation in point 5.4.1.(3) of the DCGK. As well as the statutory gender quota (section 96(2)(1) of the German Stock Corporation Act, (AktG) the Supervisory Board has set itself further goals in relation to its composition. These include e. g. the kind of international character and sector experience that diverse educational and professional backgrounds provide. Application of the law about the codetermination rights of employees also contributes greatly to ensuring diverse educational and professional backgrounds within the Supervisory Board of TUI AG. GOALS OF THE DIVERSITY CONCEPT FOR THE COMPOSITION OF THE SUPERVISORY BOARD The Supervisory Board is convinced that the diversity of its own composition sends an important signal both inside and outside the company. The age limit and standard membership term have the goal on the one hand of finding and retaining suitable candidates. Members of the board must possess sufficient professional experience and personal suitability for the position and have the necessary time available to perform the role. After familiarisation with the business model and the peculiarities of a vertically integrated company, the Supervisory Board considers the stability of board composition in the sense of continuity of corporate development to be equally important. On the other hand, the Supervisory Board should be looking at new approaches and new ideas on a regular basis, in order to further the continual development of the company and the business model. The Supervisory Board considers the age limit and standard membership term to be worthwhile instruments for achieving both goals. Other goals in relation to composition (including international character and sector experience) reflect the demands placed on the advisory and oversight body and its role within a globally active Group of companies operating in a challenging competitive environment. Multicultural and international experience of corporate integration is equally as important for this as knowledge of the value drivers and success levers of the sector. In all of this, the effect and cultural features of the so-called stakeholder approach of a social market economy must be taken into account, which is also ensured on the Supervisory Board by the codetermination of employee representatives. METHOD OF IMPLEMENTATION OF THE DIVERSITY ÂCONCEPT FOR THE SUPERVISORY BOARD Implementation of the goals pursued by the diversity concept is assured by the anchoring of its key components in law and in the company's terms of reference as well as the requirement for a Declaration of Compliance in accordance with section 161 of the German Stock Corporation Act (AktG) on Corporate Governance within the company. As far as the shareholder side of the Supervisory Board is concerned, the Nomination Committee ensures that the binding and voluntary targets for the composition of the Supervisory Board are met. As part of regularly conducted efficiency audits, the Supervisory Board also undertakes a self-evaluation process, which includes aspects of its composition. RESULTS ACHIEVED IN FINANCIAL YEAR 2018 In the current financial year, no changes have been made to the diversity concept or the composition of the Supervisory Board. In accordance with the recommendation in point 5.4.1 (2) of the German Corporate Governance Code (version dated 7 February 2017) the Supervisory Board in its resolution of 14 September 2017 issued a competency profile for the composition of the board as a whole. Since his election to the Supervisory Board at the 2018 Annual General Meeting, Dr Dieter Zetsche has made a very valuable contribution to the diversity of the Supervisory Board thanks to his extensive international experience and his extensive experience in the management of a major global corporation. From the point of view of the Supervisory Board, there is currently no further need for action in relation to diversity. On the shareholder side, both genders are equally represented, (50:50), and in terms of the board as whole, the proportion of women of 35 % is in excess of the statutory quota. With six different nationalities represented on the Supervisory Board, its composition can be described as international. The diversity of professional and educational backgrounds of the individual members of the board is also evident from the yearly updated CVs of Supervisory Board members published on the corporate website. Compliance / Anti-corruption and anti-bribery TUI Group's Compliance Management System is a fundamental component in our commitment to entrepreneurial, environmental and socially responsible operations and management. It forms an indispensable part of TUI Group's corporate culture and our corporate governance activities. The strategic goal of TUI Group's Compliance Management System is to prevent misconduct and avoid liability risks for the Company, its legal representatives, executives and employees and protect the reputation of the Company. Compliance Management System TUI Group's Compliance Management System is based on a risk management approach and is built around three pillars: prevention, discovery and response, which, in turn, comprise a large number of internal measures and processes. TUI Group's Compliance Management System focuses on the legal sub-areas anti-corruption, competition and anti-trust law, data protection and export controls. It defines the related pilot and standard operation of the Compliance Management System and the documentation of the roles, responsibilities and processes in these areas. The Compliance Management System applies to TUI AG and all German and foreign companies in which TUI AG directly or indirectly holds an interest of more than 50 % as well as other stakes directly or indirectly controlled by TUI AG ('managed Group companies'). Implementation of the Compliance Management System is recommended for investments not controlled by TUI AG ('non-managed Group companies'). The Compliance Management System has been designed to meet the requirements of Auditing Standard PS 980 of the German Institute of Auditors. Compliance structure TUI Group's Compliance structure supports those responsible in their task of communicating values and rules and anchoring them in the Group. It ensures that Compliance requirements are implemented throughout the Group in different countries and cultures. TUI Group's decentralised Compliance structure includes Head Compliance Officers, whose role is to implement and support the requirements of Group Legal Compliance. Under the aegis of the Chief Legal Compliance Officer, Group Legal Compliance works with the decentralised Compliance Officers to perform the following tasks at different management levels:
In addition, the Group has a Compliance Committee headed by the CFO and consisting of the HR Director, the Heads of Group External Affairs and Communications, the Chief Legal Compliance Officer, Group Audit and representatives of the Group Works Council and the TUI Europe Forum. The committee meets on a regular basis as well as ad hoc in order to monitor implementation of the Compliance Management System and obtain reports about key indicators in this area. Compliance culture The Compliance culture forms the basis for an appropriate, effective Compliance Management System. It reflects management's fundamental attitude and conduct and the role of the supervisory body. It is expressed in our corporate value 'Trusted', appealing to our employees' personal responsibility and their honesty and sincerity in handling customers, stakeholders and employees. Code of Conduct / Suppliers' Code of Conduct The Code of Conduct, drawn up for the entire TUI Group, is a further embodiment of our Compliance culture and enshrines guiding principles for everyone to follow, from the Board members, execuÂtives and senior management to every Group employee. It defines minimum standards for our employees to follow in their everyday work and in conflict situations. TUI's Code of Conduct covers anti-Âcorruption, avoiding conflicts of interest and handling invitations and gifts appropriately. The Suppliers' Code of Conduct forms the counterpart to TUI's Code of Conduct. It details our ethical, social and legal expectations of our business partners. Moreover, all business partners are required by contract to observe all national and international anti-corruption laws applicable to the supplier relationship. This places our business relationship with our partners on a solid legal and social basis. Compliance Rules In addition, the principles set out in the Code of Conduct are detailed in various policies and rules reflecting the legal requirements. This is supported by our Group-wide policy management, developing the standards for Group-wide policies and coordinating incorporation of the relevant internal stakeholder groups, e. g. other departments and the works council. This approach is designed to provide TUI Group with a set of policies which are as complete and comprehensible as possible without seeking overregulation. TUI Group's Compliance Rules offer guidance on appropriate conduct regarding gifts and invitations, data protection and compliance with trade sanctions. All groups of employees have thus been acquainted with policies of relevance to their everyday work. Compliance risk analysis In the financial year under review, the Compliance Programme focused on various issues including data protection, protecting free and fair competition, anti-corruption measures and the handling of trade sanctions. A software is used, in particular for the above topics, to facilitate risk identification based on self-disclosure by TUI Group companies, with risks evaluated according to likelihood of occurrence and potential damage (including reputational damage). The results of the self-assessment are discussed with the companies affected and are included in a Group-wide risk evaluation process. The results of the compliance risk identification process are used to derive corresponding risk-minimising measures, which are included in the annual plan of Group Legal Compliance and agreed with the relevant bodies. Monitoring of the implementation of the measures is automated. Risk analysis and prevention also includes the annual survey among 1,189 legal representatives and executives of TUI Group to identify potential conflicts of interest. Through the survey they have to provide information on any interests held in TUI Group competitors or key business partners as well as other issues of relevance to Compliance. The survey carried out in the financial year under review was completed by 100 % of the respondents. No indications were found suggesting that there were any conflicts of interests. EU General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) With the EU GDPR taking effect on 25 May 2018, data protection, which was already a key priority for TUI Group, was stepped up in the financial year under review. Many measures were initiated both at Group level and in local companies, e. g. the structured coordination of all specialist data protection functions within the Company and the appointment of Data Protection Officers in nearly all relevant TUI Group companies (data protection governance). One of the key measures was the roll-out of online training on data protection in TUI Group companies from June 2018. By the end of FY 2018, 78 % of the target employees had completed the training. The training is still being carried out in some parts of the organisation. Compliance training Compliance training is a key element of TUI's Compliance Management System, with its focus on preventing misconduct, and a crucial component of TUI Group's Compliance culture. It is carried out according to a graded concept: managers and staff at TUI have all benefited from face-to-face teaching and online programmes. This enables all our executives and employees to acquaint themselves with Compliance and the underlying corporate values, regardless of their position in the company hierarchy and their geographical location. In the completed financial year, the training programme for new employees and risk groups was extended to include new concepts and allow for harmonisation. In addition, TUI companies and sectors offered training schemes with their own specific focus, e. g. anti-corruption, competition law or the appropriate handling of gifts and invitations, to raise awareness of the challenges they might face. Whistleblower system In agreement with various stakeholder groups TUI offers its managers and employees a Group-wide whistleblower system to enable serious infringements of laws or of the corporate values anchored in TUI's Code of Conduct to be reported anonymously and without reprisals. This whistleblowing system is currently available to staff in 53 countries. All reports are followed up in the interests of all stakeholders and the Company. Our top priority is to ensure confidentiality and handle information discreetly. In FY 2018, a communication campaign was carried out to remind employees of the existing whistleblower system. Any incidents resulting from the use of the whistleblower system are reviewed by Group Legal Compliance in conjunction with Group Audit. Infringements are fully investigated in the interests of all our staff and the Company itself. In the completed financial year, a total of 70 reports were received through the SpeakUp Line. Apart from the SpeakUp Line, employees also used the opportunity to directly report infringements to their line managers, the Compliance contact in charge or the Compliance Mailbox. A further 13 reports were received through these channels. They were followed up whenever there were any indications suggestÂing potential infringements of internal policies or the law. Out of the 83 reports submitted in total, 24 cases initially presented prima facie indications of a Compliance infringement, leading to further investigations which in four cases resulted in disciplinary measures, culminating where appropriate in terminations of employment contracts. In the financial year under review, there were no infringements of a severe nature that would have given rise to a publication. Business partner screening (due diligence) The risk analysis carried out by Compliance shows that there is a risk of active and passive corruption because we operate in countries with a high corruption index. Moreover, the risk of TUI business partners being subject to trade sanctions or similar listing cannot be ruled out. Group Legal Compliance therefore performs software-based screenings of selected business partners at regular intervals. The process involves checking the names of business partners against international sanctions, terrorist and wanted persons lists. In the event of a match, we launch a range of measures, in extreme cases terminating the business relationship. In FY 2018, we used this process to check 11,286 business partners against Compliance criteria. The screening software initially flagged 9,697 of these business partners as potential 'hits' as their names were identical with or similar to names included in sanctions lists. These potential 'hits' were then further investigated. In nine cases, the business organisation cooperating with the business partners in question were briefed about the results of the review, enabling them to implement further security measures. Remuneration Report A. Introduction The remuneration report outlines the remuneration of the members of the Executive Board of TUI AG as well as the remuneration of the members of its Supervisory Board in accordance with the articles of association. The remuneration report is based, in particular, on the recommendations of the German Corporate Governance Code (GCGC), the requirements of the German Commercial Code (Handelsgesetzbuch) and the German Stock Corporation Act (Aktiengesetz) and, to the extent practicable, the requirements of the UK Corporate Governance Code (UK CGC). TUI AG is a German stock corporation that is also listed on the London Stock Exchange (LSE). Where mandatory provisions regarding the governance of or legal requirements for a German stock corporation are affected, these are disclosed in this report and placed in context with the UK CGC, as required. B. Remuneration of the Executive Board i. Shareholders' approval of the remuneration system In FY 2018 a new remuneration system for the members of the Executive Board has been established and approved with retroactive effect from the beginning of FY 2018 by the shareholders at the Annual General Meeting on 13 February 2018. With the exception of Mr Baier the new remuneration system is applicable to all members of the Executive Board. Due to Mr Baier's resignation from the Executive Board of TUI AG, which was originally planned for 8 November 2018 in accordance with the service agreement concluded between him and the company and which was brought forward to the end of FY 2018 by mutual agreement, Mr Baier was not migrated to the new remuneration system. Although the previous remuneration system meets all legal requirements and results in appropriate remuneration, the Supervisory felt that the time has come to make the next step after the successful completion of the integration of former TUI Travel PLC into TUI AG. The new remuneration system contains improvements that follow best practice standards which are relevant to TUI AG as well as the Executive Board's strategy for sustainable growth. The recommendations of the UK-Code as well as a diverging UK market practice are included respectively in the position described. Considering that and in view of the latest developments of the arrangement of the remuneration in Germany it has been decided to establish a remuneration system that takes into account both perspectives. The defined performance indicators aim to take into account the interests of all stakeholders and to create value for our providers of equity and external funding. Thereby the new remuneration system completely waives the previous possibility of the Supervisory Board of granting an additional bonus subject to its discretion and not linked to any targets or financial indicators. In fact, the variable remuneration components are subject of specific target sets which are closely oriented towards the forecast for the financial markets, which has been published within the Annual Report and Accounts and is if necessary, updated during the year. Even though it is common practice in many companies applying the UK-Code, the shareholders of TUI AG do not vote annually on the remuneration system. This corresponds to the practice in most of the German stock companies and is in conformity with the German Stock Corporation Act. Nevertheless the targets to be achieved for FY 2018 are being retroactively clarified in the remuneration report in order to enable stakeholders to gain an understanding of the underlying target achievements in the framework of the new remuneration system. II. General principles Following a recommendation from the Presiding Committee, the Supervisory Board determines in accordance with section 87(1) sentence 1 German Stock Corporation Act the remuneration of the individual Executive Board members. It also regularly reviews the remuneration system for the Executive Board. For further remits of the Presiding Committee, please see the report of the Supervisory Board page 14 The following principles, in particular, are taken into account in this regard:
The remuneration system does not contain malus or clawback clauses. From the perspective of the Supervisory Board malus and clawback clauses which allow for a retroactive correction of variable remuneration are first of all an understandable request of stakeholders. However, in the German jurisdiction such clauses are still widely uncommon. Only for certain financial institutes they have recently become legally binding. It has thus not yet been clarified by the highest court, on which principles (eg. Transparency and appropriateness of malus and clawback) malus and clawback clauses are based in order to be effective and enforceable. Consequently, the Supervisory Board has abstained to include malus and clawback clauses in the service agreements of the members of the Executive Board in the course of the revision of the remuneration system. However, it has to be expressively stressed that the German law, especially the German Stock Corporation Act, does provide sufficient possibilities to enforce compensation claims towards members of the Executive Board who disregard their duties of acting in good faith. III. Remuneration of the Executive Board in ÂFY 2018 In FY 2018, the remuneration for the members of the Executive Board comprises: (1) a fixed remuneration; (2) an annual performance-based remuneration (Jahreserfolgsvergütung - JEV); (3) virtual shares of TUI AG in accordance with the Long-Term Incentive Plan (LTIP); (4) fringe benefits and (5) pension entitlements. Details are set out below: 1. Fixed Remuneration Purpose and link to company strategy Highly-qualified Executive Board members who are needed to develop and implement company strategy are to be attracted and retained. The remuneration should be commensurate with the abilities, experience and tasks of the individual Executive Board member. Procedure In determining the fixed remuneration the Supervisory Board takes into account, in particular, the relevant and aforementioned general principles. The fixed remuneration is paid in twelve equal instalments at the end of each month. If the service agreement begins or ends in the course of the financial year relevant for payment of the remuneration, the fixed annual remuneration will be paid pro rata for that year. The remuneration is generally reviewed when service agreements of Executive Board members are extended, and can be adjusted or revised for the term of the new service agreement. A review of the remuneration can also take place during the term of a service agreement in particular if there is a change with respect to the tasks or responsibility of an Executive Board member. 2. Annual performance-based remuneration (JEV) Purpose and link to company strategy The JEV is intended to motivate Executive Board members to achieve ambitious and challenging financial, operational and strategic targets throughout the financial year. The targets are reflective of the company strategy and aimed at increasing corporate value. Procedure The JEV is calculated on the base of three group performance indicators and the individual performance of the member of the Executive Board. The performance period is the financial year of TUI AG. An individual target amount (Target Amount) is agreed for each Executive Board member in their service agreement. Since 1 October 2018 the performance targets are Earnings Before Taxes (EBT) at constant currency, Return on Invested Capital (ROIC) and the Cash flow to the firm (Cash flow). The target values for the one-year performance period for the EBT, ROIC and Cash flow are set by Supervisory Board at the beginning of each financial year for the respective financial year. The target achievement is calculated as follows: 2.1 Earnings before taxes (EBT) The previous group performance indicator Group EBITA was replaced by EBT on a constant currency basis with a weighting of 50 %. This change in group performance indicators permits inclusion of the net financial result in the calculation. The adjustment for currency effects makes it possible to measure the actual management performance without distortion from currency-induced translation effects.
In the event of a quotient between 90 % and 100 %, linear interpolation will be used to determine the target achievement between 50 % and 100%, and in the event of a quotient Âbetween 100 % and 110%, linear interpolation will be used to determine the target achievement between 100 % and 180 %. The target achievement will be rounded to two decimal figures, as is customary in commercial practice. 2.2 Return on invested capital (ROIC) as additional group performance indicator The newly introduced group performance indicator ROIC will be included in the JEV with a weighting of 25 %. The Group EBITA and the average invested interest-bearing capital for the financial year will be weighed against each other to Âestablish the ROIC of the TUI Group used to calculate the JEV. The average invested interest-bearing capital is calculated as the average value based on the invested capital balance at the beginning and end of the year. The invested capital is calculated as the equity (including non-controlling interests) plus interest-bearing liabilities, minus interest-bearing assets, plus a seasonal adjustment. By applying the average assessment previously used in the Annual Report, seasonal fluctuations and differences in capital intensity of the business model specific segments of TUI AG can be taken into account and a return on equity target can be included in the annual variable remuneration.
In the event of a deviation between - 3 % points and 0 % points, linear interpolation will be used to determine the target achievement between 50 % and 100 %, and in the event of a deviation between 0 % points and 3 % points, linear interpolation will be used to Âdetermine the target achievement between 100 % and 180 %. The target achievement will be rounded to two decimal figures, as is customary in commercial practice. 2.3 Cash flow as additional group performance Âindicator A cash flow component will also be included in the calculation as a third group performance indicator with a weighting of 25 %. For this purpose The cash flow is calculated based on the unadjusted earnings before interest, taxes and amortisation of goodwill reported in the approved and audited consolidated accounts of the TUI Group (EBITA according to the approved and audited consolidated accounts of the TUI Group) on a constant currency basis plus the difference between amortisations and write-backs, plus the change to the so-called Working Capital, minus the earnings from companies measured according to the equity method, plus the dividends received by TUI AG from participating interests and minus net capex and investments. Working Capital includes short-term assets and liabilities that are not cash or cash equivalents ('cash'), income tax receivables or liabilities or derivative financial Âinstruments. Furthermore, interest-Âbearing assets andliabilities as well as short-term provisions for pensions are not included.
In the event of a quotient between 90 % and 100 %, linear interpolation will be used to determine the target achievement between 50 % and 100 %, and in the event of a quotient between 100 % and 110 %, linear interpolation will be used to determine the target achievement between 100 % and 180 %. The target achievement will be rounded to two decimal figures, as is customary in commercial practice. As before, the JEV depends on an individual performance factor in addition to the target achievements of the aforementioned group performance indicators. Under the new remuneration system the Supervisory Board shall determine the individual performance factor for the JEV (0.8 to 1.2) for each Executive Board member based on the achievement of three target categories: In addition to individual performance targets, this includes targets for the overall performance of the Executive Board and stakeholder targets. The Supervisory Board will establish the targets from these three categories and their relative weighting for each Executive Board member and financial year. The value resulting from the multiplication of the target amount by the degree of target achievement for the EBT, the ROIC, the Cash flow and the individual performance factor will be paid out in the month of the approval and audit of the consolidated accounts of the TUI Group for the relevant financial year. If the service agreement begins or ends in the course of the relevant financial year, the claims for payment of the JEV will generally be pro rata. Cap The JEV will be capped at 180 % prior to the consideration of the individual performance factor. As a result, there is an annual cap for the JEV and an individual cap for each member of the Executive Board, which is shown in the table on page 136. In accordance with section 87(1) sentence 3 German Stock Corporation Act, the Supervisory Board is entitled to limit the amount of the JEV to allow for extraordinary circumstances (e. g. takeover of the company, sale of parts of the company, uncovering of hidden reserves, external influences). 3. Annual performance-based remuneration Âaccording to previous remuneration system (only applicable to Mr Baier) Due to his retirement from the Executive Board Mr Baier's remuneration has not been migrated to the new system in FY 2018. Thus, the provisions for the JEV of the previous remuneration system continue to be applicable for Mr Baier in FY 2018 and are set out as follows: Procedure The JEV is calculated on the basis of a group performance indicator and the individual performance of the Executive Board member. The performance reference period is the financial year of TUI AG. An individual target amount (Target Amount) is agreed for Mr Baier in his service agreement. Since 1 October 2010 the performance target has been the reported earnings before interest, tax and amortisation of goodwill (Group EBITA). The target value for the one-year performance reference period for the group EBITAperformance target is set each year by the Supervisory Board. To measure performance, the target value will be compared with the corresponding actual value of the Group EBITA as reported in the audited consolidated accounts of TUI AG to be prepared in accordance with the accounting rules in force at the time. The degree of target achievement is determined as follows:
Between 50 % below target value and target value, linear interpolation between 0 % and 100 % will be used to determine the degree of target achievement. Between target value and 50 % above target value, linear interpolation between 100 % and 187.5 % will be used to determine the degree of target achievement. The degree of target achievement will be rounded to two decimal places, as is customary in commercial practice. As in the past, the JEV depends on an individual performance factor in addition to the achievement of the above Group key performance indicator. The Supervisory Board now determines this individual JEV performance factor (0.8 to 1.2) for Mr Baier based on the achievement of three target categories: In addition to individual performance targets, performance targets for the entire Executive Board and the stakeholder targets are also included in the determination. The Supervisory Board defined the targets from these three categories and their relative weighting for Mr Baier as well as for the other members of the Executive Board for FY 2018 at the beginning of the financial year. The amount resulting from the multiplication of the target amount by the degree of target achievement for the Group EBITA and the individual performance factor will be paid out in cash in the month in which the Supervisory Board approves the annual accounts of TUI AG for the respective financial year. Cap There is an annual and individual cap for Mr Baier's JEV, which is shown on page 136. In accordance with section 87(1) sentence 3 German Stock Corporation Act, the Supervisory Board is entitled to limit the amount of the JEV to allow for extraordinary circumstances (e. g. takeover of the company, sale of parts of the company, uncovering of hidden reserves, external influences). 4. Virtual shares according to the Long-Term ÂIncentive Plan (LTIP) 4.1 Functioning of the new Long-Term Incentive Plan (LTIP) Purpose and link to company strategy The long-term objective is to increase corporate and shareholder value by defining ambitious goals that are closely linked to the company's earnings, share price performance and dividends. Procedure The LTIP is a performance share plan based on virtual shares and is assessed over a period of four years (Performance Reference Period). Virtual shares are granted in annual tranches. For Executive Board members, an individual target amount (Target Amount) is agreed in the service agreement. At the beginning of each financial year a provisional number of virtual shares, commensurate with the target amount, will be set. This will constitute the basis for the determination of the final performance-based payment for the tranche in question at the end of the respective performance reference period. To set this number, the target amount will be divided by the average Xetra price of TUI AG shares over the 20 trading days prior to the beginning of the performance reference period (1 October of each year). The claim to a payment only arises upon expiry of the performance reference period and depends on whether or not the respective performance target is achieved. 4.1.1 Total Shareholder Return (TSR) The relevant performance target for determining the amount of the payout after the performance reference period is the development of the Total Shareholder Return (TSR) of TUI AG in relation to the development of the TSR of the STOXX Europe 600 Travel & Leisure Index (Index). The relative TSR is being considered with a weighting of 50 %. The degree of target achievement is being determined depending on the TSR-value of TUI AG compared to the TSR-value of the companies belonging to the Index over the performance reference period. To determine the relative TSR of TUI AG the respective established TSR-value and those of the comparable companies are sorted in descending order. The relative TSR of TUI AG is expressed as a percentile (percentile rank). Thereby the TSR is the aggregate of all share price increases plus the gross dividends paid over the performance reference period. The Data for the observation of the development of the TSR-values of TUI AG and the Index is provided by a reputable data provider (eg. Bloomberg, Thomson Reuters). The reference to determine the ranking is the composition of the Index on the last day of the respective performance reference period. The values for companies that were not listed over the entire performance reference period will be factored in on a pro rata basis. The level of target achievement (in percent) for the relative TSR of TUI AG based on the percentile is calculated as follows:
In the event of a percentile between the median and the maximum value, linear interpolation will be used to determine the target achievement between 100 % and 175 %. The target achievement will be rounded to two decimal figures as is customary in commercial practice. 4.1.2 Earnings per Share (EPS) as additional group performance indicator Furthermore the average development of the Earnings per Share (EPS) p. a. as additional group performance indicator with a weighting of 50 % is taken into account for the LTIP. The average over the four years performance reference period is based on a pro forma underlying earnings per share from continuing operations as they are being published in the Annual Report and Accounts already. The target achievement for the average development of the EPS p. a. based on the annual amounts is calculated as follows:
In the event of an average increase p. a. between 3 % and 5 % linear interpolation will be used to determine the target achievement between 25 % and 100 % and in the event of an average increase p. a. between 5 % and 10 % or more, linear interpolation will be used to determine the target achievement between 100 % and 175 %. The target achievement will be rounded as well to two decimal figures as is customary in commercial practice. If the previous year's EPS is below EUR 0.50 the Supervisory Board will, for each subsequent financial year, redefine Âabsolute target values for the EPS as well as minimum and maximum values for determining the percentage target achievement. The degree of target achievement (in percent) is calculated as the average of the respective target achievements for the performance targets relative TSR of TUI AG and EPS. To determine the final number of virtual shares the degree of target achievement at the date of the expiry of the performance reference period is being multiplied with the provisional number of virtual shares. The payout is obtained by the multiplication of the final number of virtual shares with the average XETRA price of TUI AG shares over the last 20 trading days in the respective performance reference period (until 30 September of every year). The amount will be paid out in the month of the approval and audit of the consolidated accounts of the TUI Group. If the service agreement begins or ends during the financial year relevant for the granting of the LTIP the claim to payout of the LTIP is in general calculated on a pro rata basis. Cap The maximum LTIP-payout is capped at 240 % of the individual target amount for each performance reference period. As a result, there is an annual cap for the LTIP and an individual cap for each member of the Executive Board, which is shown in the table on page 136. 4.2 Long Term Incentive Plan according to previous remuneration system For those members of the Executive Board whose service agreements already existed prior to FY 2018, the replaced remuneration system will initially continue to apply in part in parallel. This relates only to the LTIP tranches granted before FY 2018 but not yet included in the remuneration paid due to the performance period. In addition, Mr Baier did not migrate to the new remuneration system due to his aforementioned retirement from the Executive Board. Accordingly, the LTIP provisions of the former remuneration system continue to apply to Mr Baier for FY 2018, as described below: Procedure The LTIP is a performance share plan based on virtual shares and is assessed over a period of four years (Performance Reference Period). Virtual shares are granted in annual tranches. For Executive Board members, an individual target amount (ÂTarget Amount) is agreed in the service agreement. At the beginning of each financial year a provisional number of virtual shares, commensurate with the target amount, will be set. This will constitute the basis for the determination of the final performance-based payment for the tranche in question at the end of the respective performance reference period. To set this number, the target amount will be divided by the average Xetra price of TUI AG shares over the 20 trading days prior to the beginning of the performance reference period (1 October of each year). The claim to a payment only arises upon expiry of the performance reference period and depends on whether or not the respective performance target is achieved. The performance target for determining the amount of the final payout at the end of the performance reference period is the development of the total shareholder return (TSR) of TUI AG relative to the development of the TSR of the STOXX Europe 600 Travel & Leisure (Index), whereby the ranking of the TUI AG TSRin relation to the index companies will be monitored over the entire performance reference period. The TSR is the aggregate of all share price increases plus the gross dividends paid over the performance reference period. Data from a reputable data provider (e. g. Bloomberg, Thomson Reuters) will be used for the purpose of establishing the TSR values for TUI AG and the index. The reference for the purpose of determining the rankings is the composition of the index on the last day of the performance reference period. The values for companies that were not listed over the entire performance reference period will be factored in on a pro rata basis. The level of target achievement is established as follows depending on the ranking of the TSR of TUI AG relative to the TSR values of the index companies over the performance reference period:
For performance between the third to bottom and the third to top rank, linear interpolation will be used to determine the level of target achievement at between 25 % and 175 %. The degree of target achievement will be rounded to two decimal places, as is customary in commercial practice. To determine the final number of virtual shares, the degree of target achievement will be multiplied by the provisional number of virtual shares on the final day of the performance reference period. The payout is determined by multiplying the final number of virtual shares by the average Xetra price of TUI AG shares over the 20 trading days prior to the end of the performance reference period (30 September of each year). The payout which is calculated in this way will be due in the month of the approval of the annual accounts of TUI AG for the fourth financial year of the performance reference period and is paid out in cash. If the service agreement begins or ends in the course of the financial year relevant for the grant of the LTIP, the claims for payment of the same will generally be pro rata. Cap The LTIP is capped annually and individually for each member of the Executive Board; for the figures, see the table on page 136. 4.3 Development of aggregate virtual shares of current Executive Board members in FY 2018
* Decrease corresponts to amounts paid for LTIP-tranches that ended in FY 2018 (see DCGK-table on remuneration paid). 4.4 Expenditure of awarding virtual shares for the LTIP in fY 2018 to current Executive Board members according to IFRS 2
The table shows the individual amounts of the total expenditure arising from the addition to the provisions to be formed pro rata according to IFRS 2 for all of the LTIP tranches to be granted during the term of the respective service agreements. According to IFRS 2, there are provisions totaling EUR 16,504.4 k (previous year: EUR 8,585.0 k) to cover entitlements under TUI AG's LTIP for current Executive Board members. According to the German Commercial Code, there are provisions totaling EUR 10,709.8 k (previous year: EUR 4,625.8 k) for LTIP tranches currently in the lock-up period. There are liabilities in accordance with IFRS and the German Commercial Code totaling EUR 4,079.0 k (previous year: EUR 1,604.6 k). 5. Fringe benefits Purpose and link to company strategy Fringe benefits offered should be competitive on the market for highly qualified Executive Board members. Procedure Executive Board members receive the following fringe benefits:
TUI AG provides an accident insurance for Mr Joussen, Mr Baier, Ms Conix, Mr Ebel, Dr Eller and Mr Rosenberger to the customary extend and pays the respective insurance contributions for the term of the service agreements. The coverage amounts to EUR 1,500 k for death and EUR 3,000 k for full disablement. Furthermore TUI AG pays an allowance towards health and long-term care insurance in the amount that would be payable for an employee but no more than half of the respective insurance premium for Mr Joussen, Mr Baier, Ms Conix, Mr Ebel, Dr Eller and Mr Rosenberger. Insofar as this is permitted by law, Mr Burling remains a beneficiary of the UK term life, vocational disability and health insurance programs at the expense of TUI AG. TUI AG also takes out criminal law protection insurance that provides cover for the Executive Board members regarding criminal and misdemeanor proceedings, if these proceedings are based on an act or a failure to act in the exercise of their duties for TUI AG. TUI AG also takes out a suitable financial liability insurance policy (D&O insurance) coverage for the Executive Board members to cover possible claims brought under private law on the basis of statutory liability provisions against one or more of the Executive Board members by a third party or the company for damages for a breach of duty committed in the exercise of their duties. The D&O insurance provides for a deductible of 10 % of the damage up to 150 % of the fixed annual remuneration. Amount The value of the company car, free holidays and insurance benefits which every member of the Executive Board receives annually is taken into account within the scope of the maximum remuneration listed on page 136 as fringe benefits. 6. Pension benefits Purpose and link to company strategy Highly-qualified Executive Board members who are needed to develop and implement company strategy are to be acquired and retained. The pension benefits should be competitive on the market for highly qualified Executive Board members and should provide them with a corresponding level of benefits in their retirement. Procedure Benefits in the form of pensions are paid to former Executive Board members if they reach the predefined age limit or are permanently incapacitated. The Executive Board members are not entitled to receive transition payments upon leaving the Executive Board, with the exception of Mr Ebel who has an acquired right to receive transition payments under a legacy contract. With regard to pension entitlements, different principles apply to Mr Joussen, Dr Eller, Mr Baier, Mr Ebel and Mr Rosenberger on the one hand and Mrs Conix and Mr Burling on the other hand due to the legacy systems in Germany, Belgium and the UK. Mr Joussen, Dr Eller, Mr Baier, Mr Ebel and Mr Rosenberger are entitled to pensions according to the pension commitments granted to Executive Board members of TUI AG (TUI AG Pension Scheme). These Executive Board members receive, on an annual basis, a contractually agreed amount that is paid into an existing pension account for the respective Executive Board member. The contributions to the company pension scheme of Mr Joussen, Dr Eller, Mr Baier and Mr Ebel carry an interest rate established in the pension commitment. The interest rate stands at 5 % p. a. The annual interest for Mr Rosenberger's contributions to the company pension scheme is established by the company at its reasonable discretion in such a way that it does not exceed 5 % p. a. The beneficiary may choose between a one-off payment, payment by instalments or pension payments. The amounts agreed on in the service agreements of the aforementioned Executive Board members are:
Should Mr Joussen, Dr Eller, Mr Baier, Mr Ebel and Mr Rosenberger retire from TUI AG before the normal retirement date due to an ongoing occupational disability, they will receive an occupational disability pension until they are able to work again, but at most until they reach the normal retirement date. Under certain circumstances, spouses, partners or cohabitants of the Executive Board members will, should the respective Executive Board member die, receive a survivor's pension worth 60 % of the pension for their lifetime or until remarriage. Children of Executive Board members will, should the respective Executive Board member die, receive an orphan's pension, paid no longer than until they reach the age of 27 at the latest. Children who have lost one parent will receive 20 % of the pension, and those who have lost both parents will receive 25 %. This claim is subject to the prerequisite that the child meets the requirements set out in section 32(3), (4), sentence 1 nos. 1 to 3 and (5) German Income Tax Act (Einkommensteuergesetz). Mr Burling receives a fixed annual amount of EUR 225.0 k paid out in cash for his pension. Ms Conix receives a fixed annual amount of EUR 230.0 k paid out in cash for her pension. 7. Pension provisions for the current At 30 September 2018, pension obligations for current Executive Board members totaled EUR 22,061.9 k (previous year balance sheet date: EUR 19,731.2 k) according to IAS 19. This includes EUR 4,624.3 k (previous year balance sheet date: EUR 4,501.3 k) for claims earned by Mr Ebel during the course of his work for the TUIGroup up until 31 August 2006. The remaining claims can be broken down as follows:
According to commercial law provisions, the pension obligations for current Executive Board members amounted to EUR 18,508.4 k (previous year balance sheet date: EUR 15,738.4 k); this includes EUR 3,263.2 k (previous year balance sheet date: EUR 2,925.0 k) for claims earned by Mr Ebel during the course of his work for the TUI Group up until 31 August 2006. Where the above table shows a corresponding amount, the pension obligations for beneficiaries are funded via the conclusion of pledged reinsurance policies. 8. Remuneration caps The following caps apply to the remuneration (remuneration components and total remuneration) payable to Executive Board members for a financial year:
1 Full-year values (12 months), possibly pro rated caps: see table on page 138 2 Fixed amount, no cap applied 3 Contractually agreed cap for total remuneration (incl. fixed remuneration, JEV, LTIP, pension, additional remuneration and fringe benefits). In case the cap of total Âremuneration is exceeded, the LTIP is reduced accordingly. 9. Payments in case of premature departure The payments to be made to a member of the Executive Board on the premature termination of his or her service agreement without good cause are in principle limited in the service agreements of Mr Joussen und Mr Baier to an amount equal twice their annual remuneration. In the service agreements of Ms Conix and Mr Rosenberger it has been agreed that payments in the event of premature termination without good cause may not - in case of premature termination during the first year after the coming into force of the service agreement - exceed the amount equal twice their annual remuneration and - in case of premature termination after the end of the first year of the service agreement - exceed the amount on an annual remuneration (severance pay cap). In the service agreements of Mr Burling, Mr Ebel and Dr Eller is has been agreed that payments due to premature termination of the respective service agreement without good cause shall not exceed the amount of an annual remuneration (severance pay cap). For any member of the Executive Board, payments upon premature termination shall not cover more than the remaining term of the service agreement. The severance payment is calculated based on the target direct remuneration (fixed remuneration, target amount for JEV and target amount for LTIP) of the expired financial year and, if relevant, the expected target remuneration for the current financial year, provided that the application of the GCGC does not result in a lesser sum. If the service agreement is terminated extraÂordinarily without notice no payments will be made to the members of the Executive Board. In cases of premature termination of the service agreement, the annual performance-based remuneration (JEV) and payments according to the LTIP will be managed as follows:
In connection with a termination of an Executive Board Member's service agreement, in particular subsequent to a termination of the service agreement, regardless of by which party, or the conclusion of a termination agreement, TUI AG shall be entitled to release the respective Executive Board Member in full or in part from his or her obligation to perform work subject to continued payment of the remuneration. Such release shall initially be irrevocable for the period of any still outstanding holiday entitlement, which shall hereby be deemed exhausted. The release shall subsequently be maintained until the service agreement ends. The release shall be revocable in the event that questions exist in connection with the winding-up of the service relationship or temporary work becomes necessary for business reasons. This shall not affect the remainder of the service agreement. The service agreements of the Executive Board members do not contain change of control clauses. 10. Other payments / benefits for Executive Board members who left the board in FY 2018 The Chief Financial Officer of TUI AG, Mr Horst Baier, has retired from the Executive Board at the end of FY 2018. The service agreement of Mr Baier stipulated an appointment until 8 November 2018. Given Mr Baier's request to not further extend his appointment in view of his impending retirement and following the succession planning process, on 15 July 2018 a successor, Ms Conix, has been introduced to this position. This way an orderly hand-over process has been ensured whereby the Supervisory Board and Mr Baier could mutually agree on the termination of his activity as of the expiry of 30 September 2018. For the remaining term of his service agreement Mr Baier received - due to the premature termination - a severance payment in the amount of EUR 234,689.50 (gross). Moreover, Mr Baier will be at the company's disposal as an advisor for one year wherefore he receives a fixed fee of EUR 10 k (net) per month. For the time until 8 November 2018 this salary has been deducted from his severance payment. Subjects of counseling as well as place and time are stipulated by contract. 11. Pension payments made to past Executive Board members In FY 2018, the pension payments to former Executive Board members and their surviving dependents totaled EUR 4,963.6 k (previous year: EUR 13,497.1 k). Pension provisions for former members of the Executive Board and their dependents amounted as at the balance sheet date to EUR 63,738.2 k (previous year: EUR 64,683.5 k) as measured according to IAS 19, not including Mr Ebel's claims in the amount of EUR 4,624.3 k (previous year: EUR 4,501.3 k) which he earned before 31 August 2006 during the course of his work for the TUI Group. According to commercial law provisions, the pension obligations for former members of the Executive Board and their dependents amounted to EUR 56,021.4 k (previous year: EUR 55,074.1 k), not including Mr Ebel's claims in the amount of EUR 3,263.2 k (previous year: EUR 2,925.0 k) which he earned before 31 August 2006 during the course of his work for the TUI Group. IV. Overview: Individual Remuneration of ÂExecutive Board members 1. Individual Remuneration of the members of the Executive Board members for FY 2018 (pursuant to section 314(1), no. 6(a) German Commercial Code) The amount for the LTIP shown in the following table corresponds to the fair value of the LTIP tranches of the respective member of the Executive Board at the grant date in accordance with the provisions of the German Commercial Code (HGB) covering the entire term of the respective service agreement. The values of the fixed remuneration and the JEV, on the other hand, reflect the remuneration paid for FY 2018.
1 Incl. fringe benefits (without insurances under Group coverage). 2 Based on the price of TUI AG share this corresponds for Mr Joussen to a number of 269,674 virtual shares, for Mr Baier to a number of 64,446 virtual shares, for Mr ÂBurling to a number of 240,829 virtual shares, for Ms Conix to a number of 191,878 virtual shares, for Mr Ebel to a number of 198,882 virtual shares, for Dr Eller 3 Pro-rated disclosudre of all remuneration components as of 15 July 2018. 4 Reduction due to his sababatical from 26 April 2018 to 15 June 2018. 2. Target achievement The multiplication of the target amounts by the weighted degrees of target achievement for EBT, ROIC, Cash flow and the individual performance factor results in the amount paid to member of the Executive Board as JEV. The targets set by the Supervisory Board for EBT, ROIC and Cash flow are based on the annual operating plan and are in line with the financial communication. The achieved EBT of EUR 1,059.5 k and the achieved Cash flow of EUR 759.8 k each lead to a degree of target achievement of more than 100 %. At 22.8 %, the target value for the ROIC could not be achieved in full, which was taken into account accordingly in the calculation of the JEV with a partial target achievement. All in all, the three key figures result in an excess amount of the defined target values of 48.8 %. Mr Baier is not taken into account in this consideration, as he was not migrated to the new remuneration system. In addition, the Supervisory Board set ambitious targets for FY 2018 both for the individual performance of the members of the Executive Board and for the performance of the Executive Board as a whole as well as for stakeholder targets. These targets, like the individual performance criteria, were largely based on the Company's current strategic planning. During the definition phase, care is taken to ensure that these targets are precisely defined, contain measurability criteria or can be verified, have both a challenging and a positive, motivating dimension, and include a specific point in time at which the targets should be met. Taking these prerequisites into account, the Supervisory Board's decision on setting the individual performance factors was based not only on strategic goals in the individual areas of responsibility of the respective members of the Executive Board but also on the development of a corporate, management and work culture that optimally supports digital innovations in our tourism business, the establishment of a reporting process on and the implementation of measures for gender diversity below Executive Board level and the implementation of measures to maintain or increase high customer satisfaction. After intensive deliberation and detailed discussion by the Supervisory Board, an individual performance factor was determined for each member of the Executive Board. Overall, the multiplication of the target amounts by the weighted degree of target achievement for EBT, ROIC and Cash flow as well as the individual performance factor leads to a JEV for the Âmembers of the Executive Board that is in reasonable proportion to the results of the financial year. The target achievement was also determined for the LTIP. The payment of the LTIP tranche 2015 / 18 is based on the provisions of the remuneration system applicable before 1 October 2017. The LTIP tranche was granted on the basis of an average stock market price of TUI AG of EUR 11.43. At the end of the performance period, TUI AG's average share price was EUR 15.46. Taking these figures into account, the level of target achievement was determined on the basis of TUI AG|s TSR ranking compared with the TSR values of the STOXX Europe 600 Travel & Leisure companies over the performance period, resulting due to interpolation in a level of target achievement of 110.7 %. 3. Additional information As in the previous year, no loans or advances were granted to the members of the Executive Board in FY 2018. For her activities - which were approved by the Supervisory Board of TUI AG - in supervisory boards or comparable domestic and foreign supervisory bodies of companies to be set up in accordance with section 125 of the German Stock Corporation Act (AktG) which are not carried out on the basis of a shareholding of TUI AG in the companies concerned Dr Eller received EUR 3.1 k from Nord / LB. Additionally, she acquired a claim of EUR 3.0 k from Nord / LB, which is due for payment in December 2018. Furthermore, Dr Eller received EUR 0.8 k from K+S AG and acquired a claim there amounting to EUR 44.8 k. For his mandate on the Supervisory Board of SIXT SE, Mr Joussen received EUR 25.2 k in FY 2018 and acquired a claim of EUR 74.8 k, due for payment after the end of SIXT SE's financial year. This remuneration was not offset against the Executive Board remuneration paid by TUI AG. Pursuant to 4.2.5, attachment tables 1 and 2 GCGC, the two tables below (remuneration awarded and remuneration paid) show the benefits granted by TUI AG and the payments received. The table of remuneration awarded' in accordance with the GCGC shows the amount awarded in each financial year. The table 'remuneration paid' for the financial year under review shows the actual cash payment from the LTIP for the performance period 'LTIP 2015 - 2018' for Mr Joussen, Mr Baier, Mr Burling and Mr Ebel. The other members of the Executive Board are not entitled to LTIP-payments, yet due to their length of membership in the Executive Board. 4. Remuneration awarded
1 Joint-CEO until 09.02.2016; member of the Executive Board since 15 October 2012. 2 Pro-rated disclosure of all remuneration components as of 15 July 2018. 3 Reduction due to his sabbatical from 26 April 2018 until 15 June 2018. 4 Pro-rated disclosure of all remuneration components as of 1 January 2017. 5 For Mr Joussen, Mr Baier, Mr Ebel, Dr Eller and Mr Rosenberger service costs aa. to IAS19; for Mr Burling and Ms Conix payments for pension contribution. 6 When contractually agreed cap for total remuneration to be paid is exceeded, LTIP is reduced proportionally. The following overview of the total remuneration awarded to the members of the Executive Board in FY 2018 illustrates the distribution of the individual remuneration components in relation to each other. It has to be emphasized that the share of variable components of the total remuneration awarded is quite considerable: The LTIP accounts for 35 % of the total remuneration awarded, the JEV accounts for 25 %. It can be stated that variable components account for 60 % of the total remuneration awarded to the members of the Executive Board. 5. Remuneration paid
1 Joint-CEO until 9 February 2016; member of the Executive Board since 15 October 2012. Mr Joussen received a prepayment for the LTIP-tranche in the amount of EUR 1,280 k and consequently in FY 2017 only a remaining payment in the amount of EUR 820 k. 2 Pro-rated disclosure of all remuneration components as of 15 July 2018. 3 Reduction due to his sabbatical from 26 April 2018 until 15 June 2018. 4 Pro-rated disclosure of all remuneration components as of 1 January 2017. 5 For Mr Joussen, Mr Baier, Mr Ebel, Dr Eller and Mr Rosenberger service costs aa. to IAS19; for Mr Burling and Ms Conix payments for pension contribution.orge. An examination of the total remuneration paid also clearly shows that the majority of payments made to the members of the ÂExecutive Board consist of variable components: The LTIP Âaccounts for 25 % of the total amount paid, while JEV accounts for 39 %. It can be stated that 64 % of the total remuneration paid to the members of the Executive Board consists of variable Âcomponents. V. Review of appropriateness of the remuneration and pensions of Executive Board members Following the end of FY 2018, the Supervisory Board carried out the annual review of the remuneration and pensions of Executive Board members for FY 2018. It concluded that these are appropriate in accordance with section 87(1) German Stock Corporation Act. The Supervisory Board also regularly makes use of external advisors when assessing the appropriateness of the remuneration and pensions of Executive Board members. This involves assessing the level and structure of the remuneration of Executive Board members in relation to the remuneration of senior management and the workforce as a whole (vertical comparison) from an outside perspective. In addition to a status quo review, the vertical comparison also takes into account how this relationship changes over time. Secondly, the remuneration level and structure are assessed based on the position of TUI AG in a peer market consisting of a combination of DAX and MDAX companies that are similar to TUI AG in terms of size and complexity of business (horizontal comparison). In addition to the fixed remuneration, the horizontal comparison also covers the short- and long-term remuneration components as well as the amount of company pension. For FY 2018, the Supervisory Board commissioned the consultancy company hkp Deutschland GmbH to prepare an expert report on the appropriateness of the remuneration level for Executive Board members. The partner of hkp Deutschland GmbH commissioned by the Supervisory Board and responsible for carrying out the assessment is independent of the Executive Board of TUI AG and the company. The finding of the external advisor supports the judgment of the Supervisory Board that the level of remuneration of Executive Board members complies with section 87(1) German Stock Corporation Act as well as the recommendations of the GCGC. VI. Remuneration of the Supervisory Board The provisions and remuneration of members of the Supervisory Board are derived from section 18 of TUI AG's Articles of Association, which have been made permanently accessible to the public on the internet. The remuneration of the Supervisory Board is reviewed at appropriate intervals. In this regard the expected time required for the relevant duties and experience in companies of a similar size, industry and complexity are taken into account. Purpose and link to company strategy Highly-qualified Supervisory Board members are to be acquired and retained. Procedure Besides reimbursement of their expenses, which include the turnover tax due on their emoluments, the members of the ÂSupervisory Board receive a fixed remuneration of EUR 90.0 k per Âfinancial year, payable upon completion of the financial year. The chairman shall receive three times, and his deputies twice, the fixed remuneration of a Supervisory Board member. An additional fixed remuneration of EUR 42.0 k is paid for membership of committees (e. g. the presiding committee, the audit committee and the strategy committee, but not the nomination committee). As a result of the successful completion of the integration of TUI AG and the former TUI Travel PLC, the integration committee was dissolved as planned in December 2016, which has already been described in the Annual Report 2017. The chairman of the audit committee shall receive three times, and the chairman of the strategy committee twice, this remuneration. This remuneration is also paid out at the end of the respective financial year. The members of the Supervisory Board receive no further remuneration components and no fringe benefits. In all cases the remuneration relates to a full financial year. For parts of a financial year and for short financial years the remuneration shall be paid on a pro rata basis. The members of the Supervisory Board and the committees receive an attendance fee of EUR 1.0 k per meeting, regardless of the form the meeting takes. Moreover, the members of the Supervisory Board are included in a financial liability insurance policy (D&O insurance) taken out in an appropriate amount by the company in its own interests. The relevant insurance premiums are paid by the company. In line with the recommendation of the GCGC, there is a deductible for which the Supervisory Board members can take out their own private insurance. Cap There is no need to set a cap because the remuneration for the Supervisory Board members consists solely of fixed components. On 9 February 2016 the Annual General Meeting of TUI AG passed a resolution to change the remuneration of the Supervisory Board to fixed remuneration only as well as to adjust the amount of the fixed remuneration components. The new remuneration model applied retroactively as of 1 October 2015, which meant that the variable remuneration granted in accordance with the provisions of the articles of association applicable until 9 February 2016 and based on the long-term success of the company was no longer paid. This variable remuneration was based on the average undiluted earnings per share (EPS) carried in the consolidated financial statements for the respective last three financial years. At the time of redemption, the members of the Supervisory Board were still entitled to the long-term remuneration granted in financial years 2014 and 2015 because of the three-year vesting period. These entitlements were redeemed on the basis of EPS planned values for financial years 2016 and 2017. Reducing the remuneration of the members of the Supervisory Board for past and current financial years is not permitted under stock corporation law. For this reason it needed / needs to be checked, also upon completion of financial years 2016 and 2017, whether this has taken place with the change to the remuneration model by taking the EPS planned value for the relevant financial years as a basis. If using the EPS values actually achieved were to lead to higher long-term incentives than taking into account the planned values, the corresponding difference is to be paid to the relevant members of the Supervisory Board upon the close of the Annual General Meeting that will vote on the ratification of the acts of the Supervisory Board for the respective financial year. For the variable remuneration component granted in FY 2014, it was found that, upon the close of the Annual General Meeting 2017, the actual EPS value of FY 2016, EUR 1.78, was above the EPS planned value of EUR 0.81 taken as a basis for the redemption. The resulting difference was paid to the relevant members of the Supervisory Board accordingly. As a result of an incorrect formula, the gross settlement amount had been included in the credit entry as a net figure. This led to VAT being calculated a second time on the gross settlement amount so that an excessive overall amount had been paid out. A correction was made for simplified processing by offsetting it against the payment of the fixed Supervisory Board remuneration for the 2018 financial year. The correction is shown in the tables below.
The invoices for Mr Shemetov, Mr Strenger and Mr Witt were not subject to an incorrect formula. For the remuneration component granted in FY 2015, it was found that, upon the close of the Annual General Meeting 2018, the actual EPS value of FY 2017, EUR 1.17, was above the planned EPS value of EUR 0.85 taken as a basis for the redemption. The resulting difference was paid to the relevant members of the Supervisory Board accordingly and is shown in the following tables. In addition, regarding the remuneration granted in FY 2016, it will be reviewed - upon the close of the Annual General Meeting 2019 - whether applying the remuneration model valid until 9 February 2016 would have resulted in higher remuneration than applying the new model. If this is the case, the corresponding difference has to be paid to the members of the Supervisory Board upon the close of the Annual General Meeting 2019. VII. Remuneration of the Supervisory BoardÂ
* The 'Long-term variable remuneration' of the Supervisory Board reported in the 2017 Annual Report was subject to a correction in FY 2018, see page 146. In addition, travel and other expenses totaling EUR 529.0 k (previous year: EUR 507.6 k) were reimbursed. Total remuneration of the SuperÂvisory Board members, including reimbursement of travel and other expenses, thus amounted to EUR 4,321.8 k (previous year: EUR 4,302.2 k). VIII. Remuneration of individual Supervisory Board members for FY 2018
1 Pro-rated disclosure of all remuneration components until 13 February 2018. 2 Pro-rated disclosure of remuneration for committee memberships. 3 Pro-rated disclosudre of all remuneration components as of 13 February2018. Apart from the work performed by the employees' representatives pursuant to their contracts, none of the members of the Supervisory Board provided any personal services such as consultation or agency services for TUI AG or its subsidiaries in FY 2018 and thus did not receive any additional remuneration arising out of this. Consolidated Financial Statements
Notes Principles and methods underlying the General The TUI Group with its major subsidiaries and shareholdings operates in tourism. TUI AG, based in Karl-Wiechert-Allee 4, Hanover is the TUI Group's parent company and a listed corporation under German law. The Company is registered in the commercial registers of the district courts of Berlin-Charlottenburg (HRB 321) and Hanover (HRB 6580). The shares in the company are traded on the London Stock Exchange and the Hanover and Frankfurt Stock Exchanges. These consolidated financial statements of TUI AG were prepared for the FY 2018 comprising the period from 1 October 2017 to 30 September 2018. Where any of TUI's subsidiaries have different financial years, financial statements were prepared as at 30 September in order to include these subsidiaries in TUI AG's consolidated financial statements. The Executive Board and the Supervisory Board have submitted a Declaration of Compliance with the German Corporate Governance Code required pursuant to section 161 of the German Stock Corporation Act (AktG) and made it permanently available to the general public on the Company's website (www.tuigroup.com). The consolidated financial statements are prepared in euros. Unless stated otherwise, all amounts are indicated in million euros (EURm). Due to the utilisation of rounded amounts there may be minor rounding differences in total and percentages. The consolidated financial statements were approved for publication by TUI AG's Executive Board on 11 December 2018. Accounting principles Declaration of compliance Pursuant to Regulation EEC No. 1606/2002 of the European Parliament and Council, TUI AG's consolidated financial statements as at 30 September 2018 were prepared in accordance with the International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) as applicable in the European Union. Moreover, the commercial-law provisions listed in section 315e (1) of the German Commercial Code (HGB) were also observed in preparing the consolidated financial statements. The accounting and measurement methods and the explanatory information and Notes to these annual financial statements for FY 2018 are generally consistent with those followed in preparing the previous consolidated financial statements for FY 2017. Newly applied standards Since the beginning of the FY 2018 the following standards amended or newly issued by the IASB became mandatorily applicable for the first time to TUI Group:
Going concern reporting according to the UK Corporate Governance Code The Executive Board remains satisfied with the Group's funding and liquidity position. At 30 September 2018, the main sources of debt funding included:
The credit facility requires compliance with certain financial covenants, which were fully complied with at the balance sheet date. These covenants are calculated based on EBITDA (EUR 1,498.5 m; prior year EUR 1,490.9 m) and EBITDAR (EUR 2,219.9 m; prior year EUR 2,240.9 m), which does not include long-term leasing and rental expenses (EUR 721.4 m; prior year EUR 750.0 m). In accordance with rule C1.3 of the UK Corporate Governance Code, the Executive Board confirms that it considers it appropriate to adopt the going concern basis of accounting in preparing the financial statements. Principles and methods of consolidation Principles The consolidated financial statements include all significant subsidiaries directly or indirectly controlled by TUI AG. Control exists where TUI AG has power over the relevant activities, is exposed to variable returns or has rights to the returns, and has the ability to affect those variable returns through its power over the investee. As a rule, the control is exercised by means of a direct or indirect majority of voting rights. If the TUI Group holds less than the majority of voting rights in a shareholding, it may exercise control due to contractual agreements or similar arrangements, just as in the case of the participation in the RIUSA II Group. Due to the contractual agreements between the shareholders and the framework agreements with TUI Group as well as the considerable importance of tour operation for the economic success of RIUSA II Group, TUI Group is able to exercise a controlling influence on decisions about the most relevant activities and consequently the amount of returns. TUI Group is subject to variable returns from RIUSA II Group, in particular due to dividend payments and fluctuations in the value of the stake itself. RIUSA II Group is therefore consolidated although TUI Group only holds a 50 % equity stake. In assessing control, the existence and effect of potential voting rights that are currently exercisable or convertible are taken into account. Consolidation of subsidiaries starts from the date TUI gains control. When TUI ceases to control the corresponding companies, they are removed from the group of consolidated companies. The consolidated financial statements are prepared from the separate or single-entity financial statements of TUI AG and its subsidiaries, drawn up on the basis of uniform accounting, measurement and consolidation methods and usually audited or reviewed by auditors. Associates for which the TUI Group is able to exert significant influence over the financial and operating policy decisions within these companies are accounted for using the equity method. As a rule, significant influence is assumed if TUI AG directly or indirectly holds voting rights of 20 to less than 50 per cent. Stakes in joint ventures are also measured using the equity method. A joint venture is a company managed jointly by the TUI Group with one or several partners based on a contractual agreement, in which the parties that jointly exercise control have rights to the company's net assets. Joint ventures also include companies in which the TUI Group holds a majority or minority of voting rights but in which decisions about the relevant activities may only be taken on an unanimous basis due to contractual agreements. The dates as of which associates and joint ventures are included in or removed from the group of companies measured at equity are determined in a manner consistent with that applied to subsidiaries. At equity measurement in each case is based on the last annual financial statements available or the interim financial statements as at 30 September if the balance sheet dates differ from TUI AG's balance sheet date. This affects 35 companies with a financial year from 1 January to 31 December, four companies with a financial year from 1 November to 31 October and two companies with a financial year from 1 April to 31 March of the following year. Group of consolidated companies In FY 2018, the consolidated financial statements included a total of 285 subsidiaries. The table below presents changes in the number of companies since 1 October 2017.
* Excl. TUI AG TUI AG's direct and indirect subsidiaries, associates and joint ventures are listed under Other Notes - TUI Group Shareholdings. 57 subsidiaries were not included in the consolidated financial statements. Even when taken together, these companies are of minor significance to the presentation of a true and fair view of the financial position and performance of the Group. The effects of the changes in the group of consolidated companies in FY 2018 on financial years 2018 and 2017 are outlined below. While the value of companies deconsolidated in FY 2018 posted in the statement of financial position is carried as per the closing date for the previous period, items in the income statement are also shown for FY 2018 due to prorated effects.
Acquisitions - divestments Acquisitions In FY 2018, companies and businesses were acquired at total consideration of EUR 170.2 m. The consideration transferred by TUI Group for all acquisitions consists of cash and cash equivalents of EUR 172.9 m as at the balance sheet date.
* 39 subsidiaries, 16 thereof with non-controlling interest, four companies measured at equity and four other companies. The acquisitions of the travel agencies in Germany and Austria in the completed financial year were carried out in the form of asset deals. TUI Group acquired Cruisetour AG, Zurich, Switzerland, and Croisimonde AG, Zug, Switzerland, in order to expand its footprint in the cruise sector in the Swiss market. The acquisition of the stake in Antwun S. A., Luxembourg, listed in the table above, also included the takeover of its subsidiary Nungwi Limited, headquartered in Zanzibar, Tanzania. The consideration transferred by TUI Group for the acquisition of the stake comprises the purchase price paid of EUR 24.2 m. Moreover, receivables from the acquired company held by the former owner were taken over at a purchase price of EUR 14.5 m. The purpose of the acquisition is to develop Zanzibar as a destination. In order to develop additional earnings potential, TUI AG has increased its stake in GBH Turizm Ticaret A. S., Istanbul, to 100 %. Fair value measurement of the company, previously measured using the at equity method, of EUR 7.4 m directly before the acquisition of further stakes resulted in a profit of EUR 2.1 m, including the reclassification of foreign exchange effects. The acquisition of the stake in Darecko S. A., Luxembourg, also includes its subsidiary Zanzibar Beach Village Limited, Zanzibar, Tanzania. The consideration transferred includes the purchase price paid of EUR 35.0 m and debt of EUR 1.3 m taken over from the previous owner. Just as with the acquisition of Antwun S. A., this acquisition serves to develop Zanzibar as a destination.
The gross amounts of the acquired trade accounts receivable of Antwun S. A. totalled EUR 0.8 m as at the date of acquisition; for Darecko S. A. they totalled EUR 8.0 m. No impairment was made. The purchase price allocation of Antwun S. A. is provisional in terms of certain receivables and liabilities. The difference of EUR 21.5 m arising between the consideration transferred and the acquired revalued net assets was carried as goodwill for the above-mentioned acquisitions carried out in the financial year. This goodwill primarily relates to the acquisition of stakes in hotel companies (GBH Turizm Ticaret A. S. worth EUR 9.1 m and Darecko S. A. worth EUR 6.5 m) and the acquisition of Cruisetour AG and Croisimonde AG worth EUR 5.6 m. It constitutes a part of the future earning potential. The goodwill capitalised in the completed financial year includes an amount of EUR 0.5 m which is expected to be tax-deductible. With the conclusion of the purchase agreement between HNVR Midco Limited as seller and TUI AG, HNVR Midco Limited undertook to transfer the stake in 53 companies forming the Destination Management busines. As the overall transaction has been approved by the relevant competition authorities, the agreement is not subject to any approvals that might prevent the agreed completion of the existing purchase agreement. Due to local legal requirements, the transfer of six companies has not yet been completed and will be finalised next year. The consideration transferred for the transactions completed as at the balance sheet date comprises a purchase price of EUR 94.8 m. The total purchase price paid in the reporting period amounted to EUR 97.5 m. At the end of the financial year, an entitlement to a refund worth EUR 2.7 m arose from the purchase agreement, and a corresponding receivable was recognised. The purchase price for the transfers to be completed in the new financial year totals EUR 29.9 m. The Destination Management business primarily comprises the delivery of services and leisure activities in the holiday destinations and the handling of services for the cruise industry. The purpose of the acquisition is to expand the Group's global market presence in activities and excursions and leverage operational synergies so as to become one of the world's leading providers of destination services. Due to the acquisition of Destination Management, TUI AG now holds a 50.1 % stake in ATC Group (previously 24.99 %). Fair value measurement of the company, previously measured using the at equity method, of EUR 3.0 m directly before the acquisition of further stakes resulted in a profit of EUR 1.5 m, including the reclassification of foreign exchange effects.
Non-controlling interests were measured at the corresponding equity stake in the amounts carried for the identifiable net assets of the acquired business. The gross amounts of the acquired trade accounts receivable for Destination Management totalled EUR 71.4 m as at the acquisition date. Impairment charges of EUR 2.5 m were booked. The goodwill provisionally capitalised for Destination Management totals EUR 82.3 m. Consequently, given the preliminary nature, the goodwill comprises anticipated synergies as well as intangible assets that can be capitalized. In the acquisition of Destination Management, the measurement of some parts of the acquired assets and liabilities was not yet finalised as at the balance sheet date based on the information available. Use was made of the twelve-month period to finalise purchase price allocations allowed under IFRS 3, which allows for provisional purchase price allocations to individual assets and liabilities until the end of the twelve-month period. Due to the high complexity resulting from the acquisition of a large number of companies with different business areas and currency areas, the numbers presented are provisional. Moreover, the acquisition of companies of the business division has not yet been completed. As the period passed since the acquisition is relatively short, identification of the intangible assets has been finalised, but measurement is still outstanding.
In the presented financial statements, the purchase price allocations for the 20 travel agencies acquired in the prior year were finalised within the twelve-month period provided under IFRS 3 without a major impact on the consolidated statement of financial position. Acquisitions after the balance sheet date On 2 October 2018, TUI acquired 100 % of the shares in the technology start-up Musement S. p. A., Milan, Italy, and four other companies to strengthen its growth area TUI Destination Experiences. The acquisition served to acquire one of the leading digital platforms for activities, tours and excursions in destination in order to strengthen TUI's position in this business and expand its holiday experiences portfolio. The consideration transferred for the acquisition of the stake totals EUR 36.2 m plus receivables of the acquired company as well as liabilities taken over from the company. Further disclosures, such as the fair value measurement of the assets and liabilities cannot be provided due to the short period of time since the acquisition has taken place. Divestments In FY 2018, three hotel companies of RIUSA II Group were sold. The divestment of Dominicanotel S. A., Puerto Plata, and Puerto Plata Caribe Beach S. A., Puerto Plata, Dominican Republic, resulted in a gain on disposal of EUR 24.3 m. This gain includes the disposal of partial goodwill of RIUSA II Group of EUR 5.2 m. The sale of St. Martin RIUSA II S. A. resulted in a gain on disposal of EUR 8.2 m. This gain includes the disposal of partial goodwill of RIUSA II Group of EUR 3.4 m. Foreign exchange translation Transactions in foreign currencies are translated into the functional currency at the foreign exchange rates at the date of the transaction. Any gains and losses resulting from the execution of such transactions and the translation of monetary assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currencies at the foreign exchange rate at the date of the transaction are shown in the income statement, with the exception of gains and losses to be recognised in equity as qualifying cash flow hedges. The annual financial statements of companies are prepared in the respective functional currency. The functional currency of a company is the currency of the primary economic environment in which the company operates. With the exception of a small number of companies, the functional currencies of all subsidiaries correspond to the currency of the country of incorporation of the respective subsidiary. Where subsidiaries prepare their financial statements in functional currencies other than the Euro, being the Group's reporting currency, the assets and liabilities are translated at the rate of exchange applicable at the balance sheet date (closing rate). Goodwill allocated to these companies and adjustments of the fair value arising on the acquisition of a foreign company are treated as assets and liabilities of the foreign company and also translated at the rate of exchange applicable at the balance sheet date. The items of the income statement and hence the result for the year shown in the income statement are translated at the average rate of the month in which the respective transaction takes place. Differences arising on the translation of the annual financial statements of foreign subsidiaries are reported outside profit and loss and separately shown as foreign exchange differences in the consolidated statement of changes in equity. When a foreign company or operation is sold, any foreign exchange differences previously included in equity outside profit and loss are recognised as a gain or loss from disposal in the income statement through profit and loss. Translation differences relating to non-monetary items with changes in their fair values eliminated through profit and loss (e. g. equity instruments measured at their fair value through profit and loss) are included in the income statement. In contrast, translation differences for non-monetary items with changes in their fair values taken to equity (e. g. equity instruments classified as available for sale) are included in revenue reserves. The TUI Group did not hold any subsidiaries operating in hyperinflationary economies in the completed financial year, nor in the previous year. The translation of the financial statements of foreign companies measured at equity follows the same principles for adjusting carrying amounts and translating goodwill as those used for consolidated subsidiaries. Net investment in a foreign operation Monetary items receivable from or payable to a foreign operation, the settlement of which is neither planned nor likely in the foreseeable future, essentially constitute part of a net investment in this foreign operation. Foreign exchange differences from the translation of these monetary items are recognised in other comprehensive income. TUI Group has granted loans of this type in particular to hotel companies in North Africa.
Consolidation methods The recognition of the net assets of acquired businesses is based on the acquisition method. Accordingly all identifiable assets and all liabilities assumed are measured at fair value as of the acquisition date. Subsequently, the consideration for the stake is measured at fair value and eliminated against the acquiree's revalued equity attributable to the acquired share. As in the prior year, the option to measure the non-controlling interests at their fair value (full goodwill method) was not used. Any excess of acquisition costs over net assets acquired is capitalised as goodwill and recognised as an asset in accordance with the provisions of IFRS 3. Any negative goodwill is recognised immediately in profit and loss and presented as other income. When additional shares are purchased after obtaining control, the difference between the purchase price and the carrying amount of the stakes acquired is recognised directly in equity. The effects from sales of stakes not entailing a loss of control are also recognised directly in equity. By contrast, when control is obtained or lost, gains or losses are recognised in profit and loss. In the case of business combination achieved in stages (where the acquirer held an equity interest before he obtained control), the equity stake previously held in the acquired company is revalued at the fair value applicable at the acquisition date and the resulting gain or loss is recognised in profit or loss. For transactions involving a loss of control, the profit or loss does not only comprise the difference between the carrying amounts of the disposed stakes and the consideration received but also the result from the revaluation of the remaining shares. On loss of control of a subsidiary the gain or loss on derecognition will be calculated as the difference of the fair value of the consideration plus the fair value of any investment retained in the former subsidiary less the share of the book value of the net assets of the subsidiary. Any gains or losses previously recognised in other comprehensive income from currency translations or the valuation of financial assets and liabilities will be reclassified to the income statement. When a subsidiary is sold, any goodwill allocated to the respective subsidiary is taken into account in the calculation of the profit or loss of disposal. The Group's associates and joint ventures are measured at equity and included at the cost to purchase as at the acquisition date. The Group's stake in associates and joint ventures includes the goodwill arising from the respective acquisition. The Group's share in profits and losses of associates and joint ventures is carried in the income statement from the date of acquisition (Share of result from joint ventures and associates), while the Group's share in the total other comprehensive income is shown in its revenue reserves. The accumulated changes arising after the acquisition are shown in the carrying amount of the shareholding. When the share in the loss of an associated company or joint venture equals or exceeds the Group's original stake in this company, including other unsecured receivables, no further losses are recognised. Any losses exceeding that stake are only recognised to the extent that obligations have been assumed or payments have been made for the associated company or joint venture. Where the accounting and measurement methods applied by associates and joint ventures differ from the uniform accounting rules applied in the Group, the differences are adjusted. Intercompany receivables and payables or provisions are eliminated, as are intercompany turnover, other income and the corresponding expenses. Intercompany results from intercompany deliveries and services are reversed through profit and loss, taking account of deferred taxes. However, intercompany losses are an indicator that an asset may be impaired. Intercompany profits from non-trading transactions with companies measured at equity are eliminated in relation to the Group's stake in the company. Intercompany profits from transactions with companies measured at equity are eliminated in relation to the Group's stake in the companies unless these intercompany profits result from the usual deliveries effected or services rendered between Group companies. Intercompany transactions are provided on an arm's length basis. Accounting and measurement methods The consolidated financial statements were prepared according to the historical cost principle, with the exception of certain financial instruments such as financial assets and derivatives held for trading or available for sale as well as plan assets from externally funded pensions benefit obligations held at fair value at the balance sheet date. The financial statements of the consolidated subsidiaries are prepared in accordance with uniform accounting and measurement principles. The amounts recognised in the consolidated financial statements are not determined by tax regulations but solely by the commercial presentation of the financial position and performance as set out in the rules of the IASB. Turnover recognition Turnover and other income is recognised upon delivery of the service or assets and hence upon transfer of the risk. The commission fees received by travel agencies for package tours are recognised once the travel agencies have performed their contractual obligations towards the tour operator. As a rule, this condition is met upon payment by the customers or, at the latest, at the date of departure. The services of tour operators mainly consist in organising and coordinating package tours. Turnover from the organisation of tours is therefore recognised in full when the customer departs. Turnover from individual travel modules booked by the customer directly with airlines, hotel companies or incoming agencies is recognised when the customers use the services concerned. Income from non-completed cruises is recognised according to the proportion of contract performance at the balance sheet date. The percentage of completion is determined as the ratio between travel days completed by the balance sheet date and overall travel days. Goodwill and other intangible assets Acquired intangible assets are carried at cost. Internally generated intangible assets are capitalised at cost where an inflow of future economic benefits for the Group is probable and can be reliably measured. The cost to produce comprises direct costs and directly allocable overheads. Intangible assets with a finite service life are amortised over the expected useful life. Intangible assets acquired as a result of business combinations, such as customer base or trademark rights, are included at their fair value as at the date of acquisition and are amortised on a straight-line basis.
If there are any events or indications suggesting potential impairment, the amortised carrying amount of the intangible asset is compared with the recoverable amount. Any losses in value going beyond wear-and-tear depreciation are taken into account through the recognition of impairment charges. Depending on the functional area of the intangible asset, amortisation and impairment charges are included under cost of sales or administrative expenses. Intangible assets with indefinite useful lives are not amortised but are tested for impairment at least annually. In addition, impairment tests are conducted if there are any events or indications suggesting potential impairment. The TUI Group's intangible assets with an indefinite useful life consist exclusively of goodwill. Impairment tests for goodwill are conducted on the basis of cash generating units (CGU) or group of cash generating units. Impairment charges are recognised where the carrying amount of the tested units plus the allocated goodwill exceeds the recoverable amount. The recoverable amount is the higher of fair value less costs of disposal and the present value of future cash flows based on continued use (value in use). The fair value less costs of disposal corresponds to the amount that could be generated between knowledgeable, willing, independent business partners after deduction of the costs of disposal. Impairment of goodwill is shown separately in the consolidated income statement. Property, plant and equipment Property, plant and equipment are measured at amortised cost. The costs to purchase include costs to bring the asset to a working condition. The costs to produce are determined on the basis of direct costs and directly attributable indirect costs and depreciation. Borrowing costs directly associated with the acquisition, construction or production of qualifying assets are included in the costs to acquire or produce these assets until the assets are ready for their intended use. To the extent that funds are borrowed specifically for the purpose of obtaining a qualifying asset, the underlying capitalisation rate is determined on the basis of the specific borrowing cost; in all other cases the weighted average of the borrowing costs applicable to the borrowings outstanding is applied. Depreciation of property, plant and equipment is based on the straight-line method, based on the customary useful lives. The useful economic lives are as follows:
Moreover, the level of depreciation is determined by the residual values recoverable at the end of the useful life of an asset. The residual value assumed in first-time recognition for cruise ships and hotel complexes is up to 35 % of the acquisition costs. The determination of the depreciation of aircraft fuselages and aircraft engines in first-time recognition is based on a residual value of a maxium of 5 % of the cost of acquisition. The payments made under a power by the hour arrangement relating to maintenance overhauls are capitalised as PPE under construction up to a maintenance event at which point the cost is transferred to the appropriate PPE category. Both the useful lives and residual values are reviewed on an annual basis when preparing the Group financial statements. The review of the residual values is based on comparable assets at the end of their useful lives as at the current point in time. Any adjustments required are recognised as a correction of depreciation over the remaining useful life of the asset. The adjustment of depreciation is recognised retrospectively for the entire financial year in which the review has taken place. Where the review results in an increase in the residual value so that it exceeds the remaining net carrying amount of the asset, depreciation is suspended. In this case, the amounts are not written back. Any losses in value going beyond wear-and-tear depreciation are taken into account through the recognition of impairment losses. If there are any events or indications suggesting impairment, the required impairment test is performed to compare the carrying amount of an asset with the recoverable amount. Investment grants received are shown as reductions in the costs to purchase or produce items of property, plant or equipment where these grants are directly allocable to individual items. Where a direct allocation of grants is not possible, the grants and subsidies received are included as deferred income under other liabilities and reversed in accordance with the use of the investment project. Leases Finance leases In accordance with IAS 17, leased property, plant and equipment in which the TUI Group assumes substantially all the risks and rewards of ownership is capitalised. Capitalisation is based on the fair value of the asset or the present value of the minimum lease payments, if lower. Depreciation is charged over the useful life or the lease term, if shorter, on the basis of the depreciation method applicable to comparable purchased or manufactured assets. Every lease payment is broken down into an interest portion and a redemption portion so as to produce a constant periodic rate of interest on the remaining balance of the liability. The interest portion is disclosed in the income statement through profit or loss. Financial instruments Financial instruments are contractual rights or obligations that will lead to an inflow or outflow of financial assets or the issue of equity rights. They also comprise derivative rights or obligations derived from primary assets. In accordance with IAS 39, financial instruments are broken down into financial assets or liabilities to be measured at fair value through profit and loss, loans and receivables, financial assets available for sale, financial assets held to maturity and other financial liabilities measured at amortised cost using the effective interest method (financial liabilities at amortised cost). In terms of financial instruments measured at fair value through profit and loss, the TUI Group holds derivative financial instruments mainly to be classified as held for trading as they do not meet the criteria as hedges in the framework of a hedging relationship according to IAS 39. The fair value option is not exercised. In addition, the TUI Group holds financial assets in the loans and receivables and available for sale categories. However, the presented financial statements do not include any financial assets held to maturity. Primary financial assets and financial liabilities Primary financial assets are recognised at the value as at the trading date on which the TUI Group commits to buy the asset. Primary financial assets are classified as loans and receivables or as financial assets available for sale when recognised for the first time. Loans and receivables as well as financial assets available for sale are initially recognised at fair value plus transaction costs. Allowances are recognized for identifiable individual risks. Where objective information indicates that impairment charges are required, e. g. substantial financial difficulties of the counterparty, payment delays or adverse changes in regional industry conditions expected to impact the solvency of the Group's debtors in the light of past experience, impairment charges are recognised at an amount corresponding to the expected loss of non-recoverable cash flows. Impairment charges and reversals of impairment charges are included under cost of sales, administrative expenses or financial expenses, depending on the nature of the transaction. Financial assets available for sale are non-derivative financial assets either individually expressly assigned to this category or not allocable to any other category of financial assets. Within the TUI Group, they consist of investments in affiliated, non-consolidated subsidiaries, trade investments and other securities. They are allocated to non-current assets unless management intends to sell them within twelve months of the balance sheet date. Financial assets available for sale are measured at their fair value upon initial recognition. Changes in the fair value are included directly in equity until the disposal of the assets. Interest payments and dividends on available for sale financial assets are recognized in profit or loss. If there is objective evidence of impairment, an impairment loss is taken through profit and loss. Objective evidence may, in particular, be substantial financial difficulties of the counterparty and significant changes in the technological, market, legal or economic environment. Moreover, for equity instruments held, a significant or prolonged decline in the fair value below its cost is also objective evidence of impairment. The TUI Group concludes that a significant decline exists if the fair value falls by more than 20 % below cost. A decline is assessed as prolonged if the fair value remains below cost for more than twelve months. In the event of subsequent reversal of the impairment, the impairment included in profit or loss is not reversed for equity instruments but recognised in other comprehensive income. Where a listed market price in an active market is not available for shares held in companies and other methods to determine an objective market value are not applicable, these equity instruments are measured at cost, with potential impairments taken into account. As a matter of principle, the foreign exchange differences resulting from the translation of trade accounts payable are reported as a correction of the cost of sales. Foreign exchange differences from the translation of liabilities not resulting from normal operating processes are reported under other income / other expenses, financial expenses / income or administrative expenses, depending on the nature of the underlying liability. A derecognition of assets is primarily recognised as at the date on which the rights for payments from the asset expire or are transferred and therefore as at the date essentially all risks and rewards of ownership are transferred. The rights to an asset expire when the rights to receive the cash flows from the asset have expired. For transfers of financial assets, it is tested whether a write-off has to be recognised in accordance with IAS 39 disposal rules. Primary financial liabilities are included in the consolidated statement of financial position if an obligation exists to transfer cash and cash equivalents or other financial assets to another party. First-time recognition of a primary liability is recognised at its fair value. For loans taken out, the nominal amount received is reduced by discounts obtained and transaction costs paid. In the framework of follow-up measurement, primary financial liabilities are measured at amortised cost based on the effective interest method. Derivative financial instruments and hedging At initial measurement, derivative financial instruments are measured at the fair value attributable to them on the date the contract is entered into. Subsequent re-measurement is also recognised at the fair value applicable at the respective balance sheet date. Where derivative financial instruments are not part in the framework of IAS 39 of a hedge in connection with hedge accounting, they are classified as held for trading. The method used to recognise profits and losses depends on whether the derivative financial instrument has been classified as a hedge and on the type of underlying hedged item. Changes in the fair values of derivative financial instruments are recognised in profit and loss unless they are classified as a hedge in accordance with IAS 39. If they are classified as an effective hedge in accordance with IAS 39, the transaction is recognised as a hedge. Upon conclusion of the transaction, the TUI Group documents the hedge relationship between the hedge and the underlying item, the risk management goal and the underlying strategy. In addition, a record is kept of the assessment, both at the beginning of the hedge relationship and on a continual basis, as to whether the derivatives used for the hedge are highly effective in compensating for the changes in the fair values or cash flows of the underlying transactions. The effective portion of changes in the fair value of derivatives forming cash flow hedges is recognised in equity. Any ineffective portion of such changes in the fair value, by contrast, is recognised immediately in the income statement through profit and loss. Amounts taken to equity are reclassified to the income statement and included as income or expenses in the period in which the hedged item has an effect on results. If a hedge expires, is sold or no longer meets the criteria of IAS 39 for hedge accounting, the cumulative gain or loss remains in equity and is only recognised in the income statement through profit and loss when the originally hedged future transaction occurs. If the future transaction is no longer expected to take place, the cumulative gains or losses recognised directly in equity are recognised immediately through profit and loss. Inventories The measurement method applied to similar inventory items is the weighted average cost formula. Cash and cash equivalents Cash and cash equivalents comprise cash, call deposits, other current highly liquid financial assets with an original term of a maximum of three months and current accounts. Overdrawn current accounts are shown as liabilities to banks under current financial liabilities. Equity Ordinary shares are classified as equity. Costs directly allocable to the issue of new shares or conversion options are taken to equity on a net after-tax basis as a deduction from the issuance proceeds. Own shares The group's holdings in its own equity instruments are shown as deductions from shareholders' equity at cost, including directly attributable transaction costs. No gain or loss is recognised in the income statement on the purchase or sale of shares. Any difference between the proceeds from sale and the original cost are taken to reserves. Pension Provisions The pension provision recognised for defined benefit plans corresponds to the net present value of the defined benefit obligations (DBOs) as at the balance sheet date less the fair value of the plan assets. If the value of the plan assets exceeds the value of the DBO, the excess amount is shown within other assets. Measurement of such an asset is limited to the net present value of the value in use in the form of reimbursements from the plan or reductions in future contribution payments. The DBOs are calculated annually by independent actuaries using the projected unit credit method. For defined contribution plans, the Group pays contributions to public or private pension insurance plans on the basis of a statutory or contractual obligation or on a voluntary basis. The Group does not have any further payment obligations on top of the payment of the contributions. The contributions are recognised under staff costs when they fall due. Other Provisions Other provisions are formed when the Group has a current legal or constructive obligation as a result of a past event, where in addition it is probable that assets will be impacted by the settlement of the obligation and the level of the provision can be reliably determined. Where a large number of similar obligations exist, the probability of a charge over assets is determined on the basis of this group of obligations. A provision is also recognised if the probability of a charge over assets is low in relation to an individual obligation contained in this group. Provisions are measured at the present value of the expected expenses, taking account of a pre-tax interest rate, reflecting current market assessments of the time value of money and the risks specific to the liability. Risks already taken into account in estimating future cash flows do not affect the discount rate. Increases in provisions due to accretion of interest are recognised as interest expenses through profit or loss. Deferred taxes and income taxes Expected tax savings from the use of tax losses carried forward assessed as recoverable in the future are recognised as deferred tax assets. Regardless of the unlimited ability to carry German tax losses forward which continues to exist, the annual utilisation is limited by the minimum taxation. Foreign tax losses carried forward frequently have to be used within a given country-specific time limit and are subject to restrictions concerning the use of these losses carried forward for profits on ordinary activities, which are taken into account accordingly in the measurement. Income tax is directly charged or credited to equity if the tax relates to items directly credited or charged to equity in the same period or some other period. Deferred tax assets are recognised to the extent that it is probable that future taxable profits will be available against which the temporary difference or an unused tax loss can be utilised. Deferred taxes are measured at the tax rates and tax provisions applicable at the balance sheet date or adopted by law and expected to be applicable at the date of recognition of the deferred tax asset or the payment of the deferred tax liability. Deferred and current income tax liabilities are offset against the corresponding tax assets if they exist in the same fiscal territory and have the same nature and maturity. Share-based payments Share-based payment schemes in the Group comprise both cash-settled and equity-settled schemes. For cash-settled transactions, the resulting liability for the Group is charged to expenses at its fair value as at the date of the performance of the service by the beneficiary. Until settlement of the liability, the fair value of the liability is re-measured at every closing date and all changes in the fair value are recognised through profit and loss. For equity-settled transactions the fair value of the awards granted is recognised under staff costs with a corresponding direct increase in equity. The fair value is determined at the point when the awards are granted and spread over the vesting period during which the employees become entitled to the awards. The method for the calculation of the granted awards is described in Note 35. Summary of selected accounting and measurement methods The table below lists the key accounting and measurement methods used by the TUI Group.
Key judgements, assumptions and estimates The presentation of the assets, liabilities, provisions and contingent liabilities shown in the consolidated financial statements is based on judgements, estimates and assumptions. Any uncertainties are appropriately taken into account in determining the values. All estimates and assumptions are based on the conditions and assessments as at the balance sheet date. In evaluating the future development of business, reasonable assumptions are made regarding the expected future economic environment in the business areas and regions in which the Group operates. Despite careful preparation of the estimates, actual results may differ from the estimate. In such cases, the assumptions and the carrying amounts of the assets and liabilities concerned, if necessary, are adjusted accordingly. As a matter of principle, changes in estimates are taken into account in the financial year in which the changes have occurred and in future periods. Judgements The judgements made by management in applying accounting policies that may have a significant impact on TUI Group's assets and liabilities mainly relate to the following topics:
Assumptions and estimates Assumptions and estimates that may have a material impact on the amounts reported as assets and liabilities in the TUI Group are mainly related to the following balance sheet-related facts and circumstances:
Goodwill The goodwill reported as at 30 September 2018 has a carrying amount of EUR 2,958.6 m (previous year EUR 2,889.5 m). The determination of the recoverable amount of a Cash Generating Unit (CGU) for the annual impairment test requires estimates and judgement with regard to the methodology used and the assumptions, which may have a considerable effect on the recoverable amount and the level of a potential impairment. They relate, in particular, to the weighted average cost of capital (WACC) after income taxes, used as the discounting basis, the growth rate in perpetuity and the forecasts for future cash flows including the underlying budget assumptions based on corporate planning. Changes in these assumptions may have a substantial impact on the recoverable amount and the level of a potential impairment. Business acquisitions and intangible assets In accounting for business combinations, the identifiable assets, liabilities and contingent liabilities acquired have to be measured at their fair values. In this context, cash flow-based methods are regularly used, which may lead to different results depending on the underlying assumptions. In particular, some judgement is required in estimating the economic useful lives of intangible assets and determining the fair values of contingent liabilities. Detailed information on business acquisitions and useful lives of intangible assets is provided in the section 'Acquisitions - divestments' in the note on 'Principles and methods of consolidation' and in the section on 'Goodwill and other intangible assets' of the note 'Accounting and measurement methods'. Property, plant and equipment The measurement of wear-and-tear to property, plant and equipment items entails estimates. The carrying amount of property, plant and equipment as at 30 September 2018 totals EUR 4,899.2 m (previous year EUR 4,253.7 m). In order to review the amounts carried, an evaluation is carried out on a regular basis to assess whether there are any indications of a potential impairment. These indications relate to a number of areas and factors, e. g. the market-related or technical environment but also physical condition. If any such indication exists, management must estimate the recoverable amount on the basis of expected cash flows and appropriate interest rates. Further, essential estimates and judgements include the definition of economic useful lives and the residual values of items of property, plant and equipment which may be recovered. More detailed information on the useful lives and residual values of property, plant and equipment items is provided in the section 'Property, plant and equipment' in the note 'Accounting and measurement methods'. Pension provisions As at 30 September 2018, the carrying amount of provisions for pensions and similar obligations totals EUR 994.8 m (previous year EUR 1,127.4 m). For those pension plans where the plan assets exceed the obligation, other assets amounting to EUR 125.1 m are shown as at 30 September 2018 (prior year EUR 57.0 m). In order to determine the obligations under defined benefit pension schemes, actuarial calculations are used which rely on underlying assumptions concerning life expectancy and the discount rate. At the balance sheet date, the fair value of the plan assets totals EUR 2,701.1 m (previous year EUR 2,631.3 m). As assets classified as plan assets are never available for short-term sale, the fair values of these plan assets may change significantly up to the realisation date. Detailed information on actuarial assumptions is provided under Note 28. Other provisions As at 30 September 2018, other provisions of EUR 1,116.4 m (previous year EUR 1,151.3 m) are reported. When recognising and measuring provisions, assumptions are required about probability of occurrence, maturity and level of risk. Determining whether a current obligation exists is usually based on review by internal or external experts. The amount of provision is based on expected expenses, and is either calculated by assessing the specific case in the light of empirical values, outcomes from comparable circumstances, or else estimated by experts. Due to the uncertainties associated with assessment, actual expenses may deviate from estimates so that unexpected charges may result. More detailed information on other provisions is provided in the notes to the statement of financial position in Note 29. Deferred tax assets As at 30 September 2018, deferred tax assets totalling EUR 225.7 m (previous year EUR 323.7 m) were recognised. Prior to offsetting against deferred tax liabilities, deferred tax assets total EUR 519.4 m, included an amount of EUR 198.3 m (previous year EUR 198.1 m) for recognised losses carried forward. The assessment of the recoverability of deferred tax assets is based on the ability of the respective Group company to generate sufficient taxable income. TUI therefore assesses at every balance sheet date whether the recoverability of expected future tax savings is sufficiently probable in order to recognise deferred tax assets. The assessment is based on various factors including internal forecasts regarding the future earnings situation of the Group company. If the assessment of the recoverability of future deferred tax assets changes, impairment charges may be recognised, if necessary, on the deferred tax assets. More detailed information on deferred tax assets is available in the Notes to the statement of financial position in Note 19. Income taxes The Group is liable to pay income taxes in various countries. Key estimates are required when determining income tax liabilities, including the probability, the timing and the size of any amounts that may become payable. For certain transactions and calculations the final tax charge cannot be determined during the ordinary course of business. After taking appropriate external advice, the Group makes provisions or discloses contingencies for uncertain tax positions based on the probable or possible level of additional taxes that might be incurred. The level of obligations for expected tax audits is based on an estimation of whether and to what extent additional income taxes will be due. Judgements are corrected, if necessary, in the period in which the final tax charge is determined. Recoverable Amounts of touristic prepayments At 30 September 2018, the carrying amount of touristic prepayments totals EUR 877.5 m (previous year EUR 758.6 m). The assessment of the recoverable amounts of touristic prepayments made to hoteliers requires judgement about the volume of future trading with hoteliers and the credit worthiness of those hoteliers. To assess the recoverability of touristic prepayments, TUI considers the financial strength of those hoteliers, the quality of the hotels as well as the demand for each hotel and the relevant destination during the past and in coming seasons. Segment reporting Notes on the segments The identification of operating segments is based on the internal organisational and reporting structure primarily built around the different products and services as well as a geographical structure within the TUI Group. Allocation of individual organisational entities to operating segments is exclusively based on economic criteria, irrespective of the participation structure under company law. The segments are independently managed by those in charge, who regularly receive separate financial information for each segment. They regularly report to the Group Executive Committee, which consists of six Executive Board members and six other executives. The legally binding decision regarding the use of resources is taken by the Executive Board. The TUI Group Executive Board has therefore been identified as the Chief Operating Decision Maker (CODM) in accordance with IFRS 8. The Hotels & Resorts segment comprises all Group-owned hotels and hotel shareholdings of TUI Group. The Cruises segment consists of Hapag-Lloyd Cruises and the joint venture TUI Cruises as well as the British cruise business Marella Cruises. Since the first quarter of 2018, the companies providing services in the destinations have been separately reported as the Destination Experiences segment. This segment also contains the newly acquired business unit Destination Management. The Northern Region segment comprises the tour operators and airlines in the UK, Ireland and the Nordic countries and the stake in the tour operation business of the Canadian company Sunwing as well as the joint venture TUI Russia. This segment also includes the tour operators Crystal Ski and TUI Lakes & Mountains, which play a major role in securing the load factor for our aircraft fleet in the UK, especially in winter. The Central Region segment comprises the tour operators and airlines in Germany and tour operators in Austria, Poland and Switzerland. The Western Region segment comprises the tour operators and airlines in Belgium and the Netherlands and tour operators in France. Apart from the above segments, the recognised items also include All other segments, which comprises the business operations for new markets and in particular the central corporate functions and interim holdings of TUI Group and the Group's real estate companies. Additionally, the companies previously included in Other Tourism, such as the French scheduled carrier Corsair and central tourism functions such as information technology, are included in All Other Segments since Q1 2018. Notes to the segment data The selection of segment data presented is based on the regular internal reporting of segmented financial indicators to the Executive Board. Segment reporting discloses in particular the performance indicator underlying EBITA, since this indicator is used for value-oriented corporate management and thus represents the consolidated performance indicator within the meaning of IFRS 8. The TUI Group defines underlying EBITA as EBITA, adjusted for gains on disposal of financial investments, expenses in connection with restructuring measures according to IAS 37, all effects of purchase price allocations, ancillary acquisition cost and conditional purchase price payments and other expenses for and income from one-off items. The one-off items carried as adjustments are income and expense items impacting or distorting the assessment of the operating profitability of the segments and the Group due to their level and frequency. These one-off items include major restructuring and integration expenses not meeting the criteria of IAS 37, major expenses for litigation, profit and loss from the sale of aircraft and other material business transactions of a one-off nature. EBITA is defined as earnings before interest, income taxes and goodwill impairment. EBITA includes amortisation of other intangible assets. EBITA does not include measurement effects from interest hedges and in the prior year the measurement effects from container shipping, as the stake in Hapag-Lloyd AG, held until its sale on 10 July 2017, was a financial investment and not an operative stake from TUI AG's perspective. Internal and external turnover, depreciation and amortisation, impairment on other intangible assets (excluding goodwill), property, plant and equipment and investments as well as the share of result of joint ventures and associates are likewise shown for each segment, as these amounts are included when measuring EBITA. As a rule, inter-segment business transactions are based on the arm's length principle, as applied in transactions with third parties. No single external customer accounts for 10 % or more of turnover. Assets and liabilities per segment are not included in the reporting to the Executive Board and are therefore not shown in segment reporting. Depreciation, amortisation, impairment and write-backs relate to non-current and current assets that are split Âgeographically and do not include goodwill impairment. The non-current assets, which are split geographically, contain other intangible assets, property, plant and equipment and other non-current assets that do not meet the definition of financial instruments. Segment indicators
In order to enhance comparability, underlying EBITA from the discontinued operations does not include the result from the sale of the Specialist Group in the previous year.
* For a description of the adjustments please refer to the management report page 66
Notes to the consolidated income statement TUI Group's operating profit continued its positive development in FY 2018. The growth was primarily driven by the continued sound business performance of Holiday Experiences. (1) Turnover Group turnover is mainly generated from tourism services. A breakdown of turnover by segment and region is shown under segment reporting. (2) Cost of sales and administrative expenses Cost of sales relates to the expenses incurred in the provision of tourism services. In addition to the expenses for personnel, depreciation, amortisation, rental and leasing, it includes all costs incurred by the Group in connection with the procurement and delivery of airline services, hotel accommodation, cruises and distribution costs. Administrative expenses comprise all expenses incurred in connection with activities by the administrative functions and break down as follows:
The cost of sales and administrative expenses include the following expenses for personnel, depreciation / amortisation, rent and leasing:
Pension costs include service cost for defined benefit obligations and contributions to defined contribution pension schemes. The year-on-year increase in staff costs in FY 2018 mainly results from a higher number of employees and salary increases. The average annual headcount (excluding trainees) evolved as follows:
The increase in depreciation and amortisation is driven by the addition of a cruise ship in the prior year and the completed financial year and the addition of aircraft. In the prior year, impairment charges on property, plant and equipment related to hotel resorts, in particular due to damages caused by hurricanes in the Caribbean, and impairment of software and other property, plant and equipment.
Where rental and leasing expenses for operating leases are directly related to revenue-generating activities, these expenses are shown within cost of sales. However, where rental and leasing expenses are incurred in respect of administrative buildings, they are shown under administrative expenses. Leasing expenses for aircraft declined year-on-year due to foreign currency effects. Leasing expenses for cruise ships also declined year-on-year due to the expiry of a lease agreement at Marella Cruises. In order to improve the load factor of the aircraft fleet, some planes are also used by other Group companies and leased out to non-Group third parties. These operating leases have terms of 6 months to 12 years and usually expire automatically after the end of the contract term. The income from sub-leases carried in the income statement for the completed financial year is presented in the table above. (3) Other income In FY 2018, other income mainly resulted from the disposal of three hotel companies and a hotel. Income was also generated from the sale of aircraft assets. Other income recognised in the prior year mainly resulted from the sale of two subsidiaries and an investment. Income had also been generated from the sale of commercial real estate owned by TUI Immobilien Services GmbH, Salzgitter, the sale of aircraft spare parts not required, and the sale of vehicles owned by incoming agencies. (4) Financial income
The decrease in financial income by EUR 145.5 m in FY 2018 results mainly from the gain on disposal of the sale of the stake in Hapag-Lloyd AG worth EUR 172.4 m included in the prior year. This decline was partially offset by the effects of a change in the cash pooling scheme, resulting in an increase in interest income from bank balances of EUR 13.9 m. (5) Financial expenses
The increase in financial expenses in FY 2018 mainly results from an increase in interest expenses from bank liabilities. This increase primarily results from a change in the cash pooling scheme and is offset by interest income, which had an opposite effect. The foreign exchange losses on financial instruments do not include any expenses for hedges. (6) Share of result of joint ventures and associates The share of result of joint ventures and associates of EUR 297.7 m (previous year EUR 252.3 m) comprises the net profit for the year attributable to the associated companies and joint ventures. For the development of the results of the material joint ventures and associates we refer to Note 16 'Investments in joint ventures and associates'. (7) Income taxes As in the prior year, the German TUI Group companies have to pay trade tax of 15.7 % and corporation tax of 15.0 % plus a 5.5 % solidarity surcharge on corporation tax. The calculation of foreign income taxes is based on the laws and provisions applicable in the individual countries. The income tax rates applied to foreign companies vary from 0.0 % to 35.0 %.
In FY 2018, corporate income taxes in Germany include the reassessment of tax risks which results in tax income of EUR 52.8 m due to the release of provisions attributable to prior periods. Corporate income taxes outside of Germany include a tax expense of EUR 70.3 m relating to tax liabilities arising in Spain. Corporate tax expense attributable to prior periods amount to EUR 28.7 m (prior year income of EUR 4.6 m) in FY 2018. The deferred tax expense largely arose outside of Germany. In FY 2018, total income taxes of EUR 191.3 m (previous year EUR 168.8 m) are derived as follows from an 'expected' income tax expense that would have arisen if the statutory income tax rate of parent company TUI AG (aggregate income tax rate) had been applied to earnings before tax.
In the prior year the non-taxable income was affected by the tax-free disposal of the shares of Hapag-Lloyd AG. (8) Result from discontinued operation The result from discontinued operations consists of changes, which are directly related to the disposal of Hotelbeds Group and Specialist Group in prior periods. On disposal of Hotelbeds Group in 2016 TUI granted to Hotelbeds Group a revenue guarantee and accounted for a respective liability. On acquisition of the business Destination Management this financial year this guarantee was terminated. Prior to the acquisition the revenue generated by the Hotelbeds Group in the liability for the revenue guarantee, was revalued based on the periods since disposal. Accordingly, the liability was reduced by EUR 41.4 m. The other results relate to the Specialist Group, sold in 2017. In the prior year the result from discontinued operations showed the after-tax result of the Specialist Group including the profit on the sale. (9) Group profit attributable to shareholders of TUI AG In FY 2018, the share in Group profit attributable to TUI AG shareholders rose from EUR 644.8 m in the prior year to EUR 732.5 m. The increase is primarily due to the continuing sound operating performance in Holiday Experiences. (10) Group profit attributable to non-controlling interest In the Hotels & Resorts segment, the Group profit attributable to non-controlling interest primarily relates to the RIUSA II Group with EUR 84.8 m (previous year EUR 115.5 m). (11) Earnings per share In accordance with IAS 33, basic earnings per share are calculated by dividing the Group profit for the year attributable to TUI AG shareholders by the weighted average number of registered shares outstanding during the financial year. The average number of shares is derived from the total number of shares at the beginning of the financial year (587,386,900 shares) and the employee shares issued on a pro rata basis (22,611 new shares). In prior year the prorated effect of the own shares held by an employee benefit trust of 2,643,389 shares was deducted. These shares have been sold at the end of the previous financial year.
As a rule, a dilution of earnings per share occurs when the average number of shares increases due to the addition of the issue of potential shares from conversion options. In the completed financial year, these effects resulted from employee shares. The share-based remuneration plans from prior years have fully expired. (12) Taxes attributable to other comprehensive income
Deferred income tax worth EUR - 0.9 m (previous year EUR - 2.4 m) and corporate income tax worth EUR - 1.7 m (previous year EUR - 2.5 m) were generated in the reporting period and recognised directly in equity. Notes on the consolidated statement of financial position (13) Goodwill
The increase in the carrying amount is mainly attributable to the acquisition of Destination Management worth EUR 82.3 m in Q4 2018. Moreover, the carrying amount grew due to the acquisition of stakes in hotel companies (GBH Turizm Ticaret A. S. worth EUR 9.1 m and Darecko S. A. worth EUR 6.5 m) and the acquisition of Cruisetour AG and Croisimonde AG worth EUR 5.6 m. In the prior year, the additions mainly arose from the acquisition of Transat France S. A. The disposal of EUR 8.6 m results from the sale of three RIUSA II Group hotel companies. More detailed information on the acquisitions and divestments is presented in the section on Principles and methods of consolidation. A reduction was caused by the translation of goodwill not carried in TUI Group's reporting currency into euros. In accordance with the rules of IAS 21, goodwill allocated to the individual segments and sectors was recognised in the functional currency of the subsidiaries and subsequently translated when preparing the consolidated financial statements. Similar to the treatment of other differences from the translation of annual financial statements of foreign subsidiaries, differences due to exchange rate fluctuations between the exchange rate at the date of acquisition of the subsidiary and the exchange rate at the balance sheet date are taken directly to equity outside profit and loss and disclosed as a separate item. In FY 2018, a decrease in the carrying amount of goodwill of EUR 26.1 m (previous year decrease of EUR 38.9 m) resulted from foreign exchange differences. The following table presents a breakdown of goodwill by cash generating unit (CGU) at carrying amounts:
In the completed financial year, goodwill was tested for impairment at the level of CGUs as at 30 June 2018. For all CGUs, the recoverable amount was determined on the basis of fair value less costs of disposal. The fair value was determined by means of discounting the expected cash inflows. This was based on the Q4 forecast for the financial year and on the medium-term plan for the entity under review, prepared as at 30 September 2018, following deduction of income tax payments. Budgeted turnover and EBITA margins are based on empirical values from prior financial years and expectations with regard to the future development of the market. The discount rates are calculated as the weighted average cost of capital, taking account of country-specific risks of the CGU and based on external capital market information. The cost of equity included in the determination reflects the return expected by investors. The cost of borrowing is derived from the long-term financing terms of comparable companies in the peer group. The table below provides an overview of the parameters underlying the determination of the fair values per CGU. It shows the timeframe for the cash flow forecast, the growth rates used to extrapolate the cash flow forecast, the discount rates and the relevant valuation hierarchy according to IFRS 13. The table lists the CGUs to which goodwill has been allocated. The below stated EBITA margin p. a. is adjusted for reasonable discounts for centrally incurred cost.
Goodwill was tested for impairment as at 30 June 2018. The test did not result in a requirement to recognise any further impairment. Neither an increase in WACC by 50 basis points nor a reduction by 50 basis points in the growth rate after the detailed planning period would have led to an impairment of goodwill. The same applies to a reduction of the discounted free cash flow in perpetuity of 10 %. (14) Other intangible assets The development of the line items of other intangible assets in FY 2018 is shown in the following table.
* The acquired computer software, which was previously reported within brands, licences and other rights, was in the prior year for the first time Âpresented together with the internally generated computer software. In addition the intangible assets under construction have no longer been Âreported as part of brands, licences and other rights but have been presented for the first time together with the payments on accounts. The Âopening balances of the prior year have been reclassified accordingly. Internally generated computer software consists of computer programs for tourism applications exclusively used internally by the Group. Transport contracts relate to landing rights at airports in the UK purchased and measured during the acquisition of First Choice Holidays Plc in 2007. The lease contracts relate to intangible assets from the measurement of aircraft leases in connection with the acquisition of First Choice Holidays Plc in 2007. The assets are amortised in line with the length of the lease. Payments on account made totalled EUR 4.7 m as at 30 September 2018 (previous year EUR 1.9 m). Additions to consolidation mainly relate to the acquisition of Destination Management. For details, please refer to the section on Acquisitions. The prior year's impairment charges related to financial software and an Internet platform in the Northern Region segment. (15) Property, plant and equipment The table below presents the development of the individual items of property, plant and equipment in FY 2018.
The additions from changes in the group of consolidated companies mainly relate to the acquisition of hotel companies. For details, please refer to the section on Acquisitions. In the financial year under review, advance payments of EUR 29.2 m (previous year EUR 33.2 m) were made for the acquisition of cruise ships and EUR 163.0 m (previous year EUR 252.4 m) for the acquisition of aircraft. In the reporting period, the cruise ship Marella Explorer was added at a carrying amount of EUR 202.2 m, initially carried as assets under construction. Following her launch, the cruise ship was reclassified accordingly. In the prior year, assets under construction had included the addition of Marella Discovery 2 at EUR 228.6 m. Both ships are operated in the Cruises segment. Further additions to assets under construction include an amount of EUR 63.0 m (previous year EUR 92.1 m) for investments in hotels in the Hotels & Resorts segment. In the completed financial year, five aircraft were acquired. In the course of the year, a hotel resort was reclassified to assets held for sale. The resort was sold before the end of the financial year. Moreover, two aircraft fuselages were classified as held for sale and reclassified accordingly. In FY 2018, borrowing costs of EUR 2.2 m (previous year EUR 4.0 m) were capitalised as part of the acquisition and production costs. The capitalisation rate of capitalised borrowing costs is 3.40 % p. a. for FY 2018 and 3.75 % p. a. for the prior year. The carrying amount of property, plant and equipment subject to ownership restrictions or pledged as security totals EUR 535.2 m (previous year EUR 553.8 m) as at the balance sheet date. Finance leases Property, plant and equipment also comprise leased assets in which Group subsidiaries have assumed the risks and rewards of ownership of the assets (finance leases).
The leasing contracts for aircraft include repurchase options for the lessee at fixed residual values. Total payment obligations resulting from future lease payments total EUR 1,530.4 m (previous year EUR 1,420.7 m). Group companies have not granted any guarantees for the residual values of the leased assets, as in the prior year.
(16) Investments in joint ventures and associates The table below presents all joint arrangements and associates of relevance to TUI Group. All joint arrangements and associates are listed as TUI Group Shareholdings in Note 47. All joint arrangements are joint ventures. There are no joint operations within the meaning of IFRS 11.
All companies presented above are measured at equity. The financial year of Sunwing Travel Group Inc., Toronto / Canada (Sunwing) corresponds to TUI Group's financial year. The financial years of the joint ventures listed above deviate from TUI Group's financial year, ending on 31 December of any one year. In order to update the at equity measurement as at TUI Group's balance sheet date, interim financial statements for the period ending 30 September are prepared for these companies. Significant associates In 2009, Sunwing entered into a partnership with TUI Group. Sunwing is a vertically integrated travel company comprising tour operation, an airline and retail shops. Since the transfer of the hotel operation and development company Blue Diamond Hotels & Resorts Inc., St Michael / Barbados, to Sunwing in September 2016, Sunwing has also included the hotel operation business with a chain of luxury beach resorts and hotels in the Caribbean and Mexico. Sunwing's hotel operation business is carried in the Hotels & Resorts segment, while the tour operation business is carried in the Northern Region segment. The company has different classes of shares. TUI Group holds 25 % of the voting shares. Significant joint ventures Riu Hotels S. A. is a hotel company owning and operating hotels in the 4- to 5-star segments. The hotels of the company established in 1976 are mainly located in Spain and Central America. TUI Cruises GmbH is a joint venture with the US shipping line Royal Caribbean Cruises Ltd established in 2008. The Hamburg-based company offers German-speaking cruises for the premium market. TUI Cruises GmbH currently operates six cruise ships. Togebi Holdings Limited (TUI Russia) is a joint venture between TUI and Oscrivia Limited, a subsidiary of Unifirm Limited. Unifirm Limited is a subsidiary of OOO Severgroup, owned by a large shareholder and Supervisory Board member of TUI AG. The business purpose of this joint venture, established in 2009, is to develop the tour operation business, in particular in Russia and Ukraine. The company owns tour operation subsidiaries and retail chains in these countries. The relevant activities of TUI Russia are jointly determined by TUI Group and Oscrivia Limited, so that TUI Russia is classified as a joint venture. After the balance sheet date TUI Group's share in TUI Russia decreased to 10 % due to a capital increase in which TUI Group did not participate. Financial information on associates and joint ventures The tables below present summarised financial information for the significant associates and joint ventures of the TUI Group. The amounts shown reflect the full amounts presented in the consolidated financial statements of the relevant associates and joint ventures (100 %); they do not represent TUI Group's share of those amounts.
* Solely from continuing operations
* Solely from continuing operations In FY 2018, TUI Group received dividends of EUR 200.0 m from TUI Cruises and EUR 227.5 m from all joint ventures in total (previous year EUR 117.5 m, including EUR 90.0 m from TUI Cruises). In FY 2018, TUI Group received dividends worth EUR 2.0 m from Sunwing Travel Group (previous year none). In total, TUI Group received dividends of EUR 3.5 m from its associates (previous year EUR 2.0 m). In addition to TUI Group's significant associates and joint ventures, TUI AG has interests in other associates and joint ventures measured at equity, which individually are not considered to be of material significance. The tables below provide information on TUI Group's share of the earnings figures shown for the major associates and joint ventures as well as the aggregated amount of the share of profit / loss, other comprehensive income and total comprehensive income for the immaterial associates and joint ventures.
* Solely from continuing operations
* Solely from continuing operations
Unrecognised losses by joint ventures Unrecognised accumulated losses increased by EUR 4.5 m to EUR 13.0 m. They relate to the joint venture TUI Russia, operating in source markets Russia and Ukraine. Due to the recognition of prorated losses in previous years, the carrying amount of the joint venture was already fully written off in FY 2014. Recognition of further losses would have reduced the carrying amount of the joint ventures to below zero. Risks associated with the stakes in associates and joint ventures Contingent liabilities of EUR 34.6 m (previous year EUR 33.9 m) existed in respect of associates as at 30 September 2018. Contingent liabilities in respect of joint ventures totalled EUR 22.9 m (previous year EUR 73.2 m). Moreover, financial commitments from investments of EUR 272.7 m (previous year EUR 613.2 m) are in place in respect of joint ventures. (17) Trade receivables and other assets
For financial assets which are neither past due nor impaired, TUI Group assumes that the counter party has a good credit standing. As at 30 September 2018, trade accounts receivable and other receivables worth EUR 96.6 m (previous year EUR 76.0 m) were impaired. The table below provides a maturity analysis of impairment.
Impairment of trade receivables and other assets developed as follows:
As in the previous year, in FY 2018, no material cash inflow was recorded from impaired interest-bearing trade receivables and other assets. (18) Touristic payments on account Touristic payments on account mainly relate to customary advance payments on future tourism services, in particular advance payments made by tour operators for future hotel services. (19) Deferred tax assets
Deferred tax assets include an amount of EUR 218.8 m (previous year EUR 311.6 m) expected to be realised after more than twelve months. Deferred tax liabilities include an amount of EUR 114.8 m (previous year EUR 57.3 m) expected to be realised after more than twelve months. No deferred tax assets are recognised for deductible temporary differences of EUR 191.4 m (previous year EUR 315.7 m). No deferred tax liabilities are carried for temporary differences of EUR 66.7 m (previous year EUR 58.6 m) between the net assets of subsidiaries and the respective taxable carrying amounts of subsidiaries since these temporary differences are not expected to be reversed in the near future.
Losses carried forward for German companies comprise the cumulative amount of trade tax and corporation tax as well as interest carried forward in relation to the German interest barrier. Potential tax savings totalling EUR 925.6 m (previous year EUR 900.1 m) were not capitalised since the underlying losses carried forward are unlikely to be utilised in the foreseeable future. In FY 2018, the use of losses carried forward previously assessed as non-recoverable and for which no deferred tax asset had been recognised as at 30 September 2017 led to tax reductions of EUR 6.4 m (previous year EUR 0.4 m). As in the prior year, no tax reductions were realised by means of losses carried back.
Capitalised deferred tax assets from temporary differences and losses carried forward that are assessed as recoverable of EUR 1.7 m (previous year EUR 4.0 m) are covered by expected future taxable income even for companies that generated losses in the reporting period or the prior year. (20) Inventories
In FY 2018, inventories of EUR 557.8 m (previous year EUR 541.1 m) were recognised as expense. (21) Cash and cash equivalents
At 30 September 2018, cash and cash equivalents of EUR 199.2 m were subject to restrictions (previous year EUR 261.0 m). On 30 September 2016, TUI AG entered into an agreement to close the gap between the obligations and the fund assets of defined benefit pension plans in the UK in the long run. At the balance sheet date an amount of EUR 79.0 m is deposited as security within a bank account. TUI Group can only use that cash and cash equivalents if it provides alternative collateral. Further, an amount of EUR 116.5 m (previous year EUR 116.5 m) was deposited with a Belgian subsidiary without acknowledgement of debt by the Belgian tax authorities in FY 2013 in respect of long-standing litigation over VAT refunds for the years 2001 to 2011. The purpose was to suspend the accrual of interest for both parties. In order to collateralise a potential repayment, the Belgian government was granted a bank guarantee. Due to the bank guarantee, TUI's ability to dispose of the cash and cash equivalents has been restricted. The other restrictions relate to cash and cash equivalents to be deposited due to legal or regulatory requirements. (22) Assets held for sale At 30 September 2018 two aircraft fuselages are presented as held for sale. In the prior year hotels of EUR 5.0 m and aircraft assets of EUR 4.6 m were classified as held for sale. (23) Subscribed capital The fully paid subscribed capital of TUI AG consists of no-par value shares, each representing an identical share in the capital stock. The proportionate share in the capital stock per no-par value share is around EUR 2.56. As the capital stock consists of registered shares, the owners are listed by name in the share register. The subscribed capital of TUI AG has been registered in the commercial registers of the district courts of Berlin-ÂCharlottenburg and Hanover. In the financial year, it rose by a total of 514,404 employee shares. It thus comprised 587,901,304 shares (previous year 587,386,900 shares) as at the end of the financial year. It rose by EUR 1.3 m to EUR 1,502.9 m. The Annual General Meeting on 13 February 2018 authorised the Executive Board of TUI AG to acquire own shares of up to 5 % of the capital stock. The authorisation will expire on 12 August 2019. The authorisation was used to acquire own shares amounting to EUR 1.1 m. Conditional capital The Annual General Meeting on 9 February 2016 had created conditional capital of EUR 150.0 m and authorised the Company to issue bonds. The conditional capital authorisation to acquire bonds with conversion or option rights and profit participation (with or without a mixed maturity) is limited to a nominal amount of EUR 2.0 bn and expires on 8 February 2021. Overall, TUI AG's total conditional capital remained flat year-on-year at EUR 150.0 m as at 30 September 2018. Authorised capital The Annual General Meeting on 13 February 2018 resolved to create additional authorised capital of EUR 30.0 m for the issue of employee shares. The Executive Board of TUI AG has been authorised to use this authorised capital in one or several transactions to issue employee shares against cash contribution by 12 February 2023. 514,404 new employee shares were issued in the completed financial year so that authorised capital totals around EUR 28.7 m at the balance sheet date. The Annual General Meeting on 9 February 2016 resolved an authorisation to issue new registered shares against cash contribution for up to a maximum of EUR 150.0 m. This authorisation will expire on 8 February 2021. The Annual General Meeting on 9 February 2016 also resolved to create authorised capital for the issue of new shares against cash or non-cash contribution for up to EUR 570.0 m. The issue of new shares against non-cash contribution is limited to a maximum of EUR 300.0 m. The authorisation for this authorised capital will expire on 8 February 2021. At the balance sheet date, the accumulated authorised capital that had not yet been taken up amounted to EUR 748.7 m (previous year EUR 745.4 m). (24) Capital reserves The capital reserves comprise transfers of premiums. They also comprise amounts entitling the holders to acquire shares in TUI AG in the framework of bonds issued for conversion options and warrants. Premiums from the issue of shares due to the exercise of conversion options and warrants were also transferred to the capital reserve. Capital reserves rose by EUR 5.5 m (previous year EUR 2.8 m) due to the issue of employee shares in the completed financial year. (25) Revenue reserves In the completed financial year, TUI AG paid a dividend of EUR 0.65 per no-par value share to its shareholders; the total amount paid was EUR 381.8 m (previous year EUR 368.2 m). The share of non-controlling interests declined by EUR 53.5 m (previous year EUR 87.2 m) in FY 2018 due to the issue of dividends. The ongoing recording of existing equity-settled stock option plans resulted in a decrease in equity of EUR 0.7 m in the reporting period. Disclosures on these long-term incentive programmes are outlined in the section on Share-based payments in accordance with IFRS 2 in Note 35. In FY 2018, the movement in the first-time consolidation of non-controlling interests was essentially attributable to the non-controlling interests of the acquired companies in Destination Management worth EUR 3.0 m. Foreign exchange differences comprise differences from the translation of the financial statements of foreign subsidiaries as well as differences from the translation of goodwill denominated in foreign currencies. They also comprise reclassification amounts from the sale of two RIUSA II Group hotel companies totalling EUR- 12.8 m to be recognised through profit or loss. The proportion of gains and losses from hedges used as effective hedges of future cash flows is carried directly in equity at EUR 429.7 m (pre-tax). A reversal of this provision through profit and loss takes place in the same period in which the hedged item has an effect on profit and loss or is no longer assessed as probable. The significant increase in FY 2018 is primarily attributable to changes in exchange rates and fuel prices. The revaluation of pension obligations (in particular actuarial gains and losses) is also carried directly in equity. The revaluation reserve formed in accordance with IAS 27 (old version) in the framework of step acquisitions of companies is retained until the date of deconsolidation of the company concerned. (26) Use of Group profit available for distribution In accordance with the German Stock Corporation Act, the Annual General Meeting resolves the use of the profit available for distribution carried in TUI AG's commercial-law annual financial statements. TUI AG's profit for the year amounts to EUR 983.4 m (previous year EUR 741.7 m). Taking account of profit carried forward of EUR 814.0 m (previous year EUR 454.1 m), TUI AG's profit available for distribution totals EUR 1,797.4 m (previous year EUR 1,195.8 m). A proposal will be submitted to the Annual General Meeting to use the profit available for distribution for the financial year under review to pay a dividend of EUR 0.72 per no-par value share and carry the amount of EUR 1,374.1 m remaining after deduction of the dividend total of EUR 423.3 m forward on account. The final dividend total will depend on the number of dividend-bearing no-par value shares at the date on which the resolution regarding the use of Group profit available for distribution is adopted by the Annual General Meeting. (27) Non-controlling interest Non-controlling interests mainly relate to RIUSA II S. A. based in Palma de Mallorca, Spain. TUI's capital share in this hotel operator stands at 50.0 %, as in the prior year. The financial year of RIUSA II S. A. ends on 31 December and thus deviates from TUI Group's financial year. This reporting date was fixed when the company was founded. In order to include the RIUSA II Group in TUI Group's consolidated financial statements as at 30 September, the RIUSA II Group prepares sub-group financial statements as at 30 September, the balance sheet date. RIUSA II Group, allocated to Hotels & Resorts, operates owned and leased hotels and hotels operated under management contracts in tourism destinations of TUI Group. The table below provides summarised financial information on RIUSA II S. A., Palma de Mallorca, Spain - the subsidiary for which material non-controlling interests exist. It presents the consolidated financial statements of the sub-group.
* Consolidated Subgroup (28) Pension provisions and similar obligations A number of defined contribution and defined benefit pension plans are operated for Group employees. Pension obligations vary, reflecting the different legal, fiscal and economic conditions in each country of operation, and usually depend on employees' length of service and pay levels. All defined contribution plans are funded by the payment of contributions to external insurance companies or funds. German employees enjoy benefits from a statutory defined contribution plan paying pensions as a function of employees' income and the contributions paid in. Several additional industry pension organisations exist for TUI Group companies. Once the contributions to the state-run pension plans and private pension insurance organisations have been paid, the Company has no further payment obligations. One major private pension fund is Aegon Levensverzekering N. V., operating the defined contribution pension plans for the main Dutch subsidiaries of TUI Group. Contributions paid are expensed for the respective period. In the reporting period, the expenses for all defined contribution plans totalled EUR 80.3 m (previous year EUR 85.4 m). Apart from these defined contribution pension plans, the TUI Group operates defined benefit plans, which usually entail the formation of provisions within the Company or investments in funds outside the Company. Within this group, MER-Pensionskasse VVaG, a private pension fund in which German companies of the tourism industry are organised, represents a multi-employer plan classified as a defined benefit plan. In accordance with the statues of the plan, the plan participants and the employers pay salary-based contributions into the plan. There are no further obligations pursuant to the statutes of the plan; an additional funding obligation of the participating companies is explicitly excluded. The paid-in contributions are invested in accordance with the policies of the pension plan unless they are used in the short term for benefit payments. As the investments are pooled and are not kept separately for each participating employer, an allocation of plan assets to individual participating employers is not possible. The investment risk and the mortality risk are jointly shared by all plan participants. Moreover, the pension fund does not provide any information to participating companies that would allow the allocation of any over- or underfunding or TUI's participation in the plan. For this reason, accounting for the plan as defined benefit plan is not possible, and the plan is therefore in accordance with the requirements of IAS 19 shown like a defined contribution plan. In the reporting period, contributions to MER-Pensionskasse VVaG totalled EUR 5.9 m (previous year EUR 5.9 m). For the next financial year, contributions are expected to remain at that level. TUI Group's major pension plans recognised as defined benefit plans exist in Germany and the UK. By far the largest pension plans are operated by the Group's tour operators in the UK. They accounted for 71.6 % (previous year 72.6 %) of TUI Group's total obligations at the balance sheet date. German plans account for a further 23.3 % (previous year 22.5 %).
Almost all defined benefit plans in the UK are funded externally. Under UK law, the employer is obliged to ensure sufficient funding so that plan assets cover the pension payments to be made and the administrative costs of the funds. The pension funds are managed by independent trustees. The trustees comprise independent members but also beneficiaries of the plan and employer representatives. The trustees are responsible for the investment of fund assets, taking account of the interests of plan members, but they also negotiate the level of the contributions to the fund to be paid by the employers, which constitute minimum contributions to the funds. To that end, actuarial valuations are made every three years by actuaries commissioned by the trustees. The annual contributions to be paid to the funds in order to cover any shortfalls were last defined in September 2016. On 21 September 2018 TUI Group formally announced to members that the main sections of the TUI Group UK Pension Trust will close to future accrual of benefits with effect from 31 October 2018. Beginning 1 November 2018, accrued benefits for current active members will increase in line with deferred revaluation rates rather than members' pensionable salaries. As a result of this, with an effective date of 21 September 2018, the DBO of the TUI Group UK Pension Trust decreased by EUR 6.3 m which is reflected in the income statement for the year under review as a past service credit due to plan amendment. Accordingly, the major future payments into the pension plans in the UK are limited to the annual payments agreed to recover the existing funding shortfall. By contrast, defined benefit plans in Germany are mainly unfunded and the obligations from these plans are recognised as provisions. The company assumes the obligation for payments of company pensions when the beneficiaries reach the legal retirement age. The amount of the pension paid usually depends on the remuneration received by the staff members at the retirement date. Pension obligations usually include surviving dependants' benefits and invalidity benefits. Pension payments are partly limited by third party compensations, e. g. from insurances and MER-Pensionskasse.
In the reporting period, defined benefit pension obligations created total expenses of EUR 77.1 m.
Provisions for pension obligations are established for benefits payable in the form of retirement, invalidity and surviving dependants' benefits. Provisions are exclusively formed for defined benefit schemes under which the Company guarantees employees a specific pension level, including arrangements for early retirement and temporary assistance benefits.
For funded pension plans, the provision carried only covers the shortfall in coverage between plan assets and the present value of benefit obligations. Where plan assets exceed funded pension obligations, taking account of a difference due to past service cost, and where at the same time there is an entitlement to reimbursement or reduction of future contributions to the fund, the excess is recognised in conformity with the cap defined by IAS 19. As at 30 September 2018, other assets include excesses of EUR 125.1 m (previous year EUR 57.0 m).
In the reporting period, the present value of the pension obligations decreased by EUR 130.9 m to EUR 3,570.8 m, mainly due to remeasurements from changes in assumptions especially a slight increase in interest rates in the UK. The Group's fund assets increased by EUR 69.8 m in the same period mainly due to a one-off payment made in September of £ 50.0 m (EUR 56.0 m) according to the agreed payment schedule to recover the existing funding shortfall in the UK and is split into asset categories as shown in the table below.
At the balance sheet date, as in the prior year, fund assets did not comprise any direct investments in financial instruments issued by TUI AG or its consolidated subsidiaries or any property owned by the Group. For funded plans, investments in passive index tracker funds may entail a proportionate investment in Group-owned financial instruments. Pension obligations are measured on the basis of actuarial calculations based on country-specific parameters and assumptions. The obligations under defined benefit plans are calculated on the basis of the internationally accepted projected unit credit method, taking account of expected future increases in salaries and pensions.
The interest rate applicable in discounting the provision for pensions is based on an index for corporate bonds adjusted for securities already downgraded and under observation by rating agencies as well as subordinate bonds in order to meet the criterion for high quality bonds (rated AA or higher) required under IAS 19. In order to cover a correspondingly broad market, an index partly based on shorter-term bonds is used (e. g. iBoxx EUR Corporates AA 7-10 for the Eurozone). The resulting yield structure is extrapolated on the basis of the yield curves for almost risk-free bonds, taking account of an appropriate risk mark-up reflecting the term of the obligation. Apart from the parameters described above, a further key assumption relates to life expectancy. In Germany, the Heubeck reference tables 2018 G, as published on 20 July 2018, are used to determine life expectancy. Compared to the Heubeck tables 2005 G used in prior year, the remeasurement amounts to EUR 11.2 m. In the UK, the S2NxA base tables are used, adjusted to future expected increases on the basis of the Continuous Mortality Investigation (CMI) 2017. Using CMI 2017 adjustments resulted in a decrease in obligations from remeasurements of EUR 17.1 m compared to CMI 2016 adjustments used in prior year. The pension in payment escalation formulae depend primarily on the pension plan concerned. Apart from fixed rates of increase, there are also a number of inflation-linked pension adjustment mechanisms in different countries. Based on the currently observable age of retirement of employees of the Group's German airline, the expected age of retirement used for the calculation of the obligation for these plans was increased in the reported period. Due to this remeasurement the obligation decreased by EUR 32.9 m compared to the assumption used in prior year. Changes in the key actuarial assumptions mentioned above would lead to the changes in defined benefit obligations presented below. The methodology used to determine sensitivity corresponds to the method used to calculate the defined benefit obligation. The assumptions were amended in isolation each time; actual interdependencies between the assumptions were not taken into account. The effect of the increase in life expectancy by one year is calculated by means of a reduction in mortality due to the use of the Heubeck tables 2018 G for pension plans in Germany. In the UK, an extra year is added to the life expectancy determined on the basis of the mortality tables.
The weighted average duration of the defined benefit obligations totalled 19.0 years (previous year 19.5 years) for the overall Group. In the UK, the weighted duration was 19.8 years (previous year 20.7 years), while it stood at 17.4 years (previous year 16.0 years) in Germany. Fund assets are determined on the basis of the fair values of the funds invested as at 30 September 2018. The interest rate used to determine the interest income from the assets of external funds is identical with the discount rate used for the defined benefit obligation. For the forthcoming financial year, the companies of TUI Group are expected to contribute around EUR 113.5 m (previous year EUR 183.1 m) to pension funds and pay pensions worth EUR 32.6 m (previous year EUR 32.7 m) for unfunded plans. The expected employer contribution includes an annual payment of £ 81.0 m agreed with the trustees to reduce the existing coverage shortfall. For funded plans, payments to the recipients are fully made from fund assets so that TUI Group does not record a cash outflow as a result. TUI Group's defined benefit plans entail various risks; some of which may have a substantial effect on the Company. Investment risk The investment risk plays a major role, in particular for the large funded plans in the UK. Although shares usually outperform bonds in terms of producing higher returns, they also entail stronger volatility of balance sheet items and the risk of short-term shortfalls in coverage. In order to limit this risk, the trustees have built a balanced investment portfolio to limit the concentration of risks. Interest rate risk The interest rate influences in particular unfunded schemes in Germany as a decline in interest rates leads to an increase in the defined benefit obligations. Accordingly, an increase in the interest rate leads to a reduction in the defined benefit obligations. Funded plans are less strongly affected by this development as the performance of the interest-bearing assets included in plan assets regularly dampens the effects. Inflation risk An increase in the inflation rate normally increases the obligation in pension schemes linked to the final salary of beneficiaries as inflation causes an increase in the projected salary increases. At the same time, inflation-based pension increases included in the plan also rise. The inflation risk is reduced through the use of caps and collars. Moreover, the large pension funds in the UK hold inflation-linked assets, which also partly reduce the risk from a significant rise in inflation. Longevity risk An increasing life expectancy increases the expected benefit duration of the pension obligation. This risk is countered by using regularly updated mortality data in calculating the present values of the obligation. Currency risk For the TUI Group, the pension schemes entail a currency risk as most pension schemes are operated in the UK and therefore denominated in sterling. The risk is limited as the currency effects on the obligation and the assets partly offset each other. The currency risk only relates to any excess of pension obligations over plan assets or vice versa. (29) Other provisions
* Reclassifications, transfers, exchange differences and changes in the group of consolidated companies. Provisions for external maintenance primarily relate to contractual maintenance, overhaul and repair requirements for aircraft, engines and other specific components arising from aircraft operating lease contracts. Measurement of these provisions is based on the expected cost of the next maintenance event, estimated on the basis of current prices, expected price increases and manufacturers' data sheets. In line with the terms of the individual contracts and the aircraft model concerned, additions are recognised on a prorated basis in relation to flight hours, the number of flights or the length of the complete maintenance cycle. Provisions for personnel costs comprise provisions for jubilee benefits and provisions for cash settled share-based payment schemes in accordance with IFRS 2. Information on these long-term incentive programmes is presented under Note 35 in the section 'Share-based payments in accordance with IFRS 2'. Provisions for environmental protection measures primarily relate to statutory obligations to remediate sites contaminated with legacy waste from former mining and metallurgical activities. Provisions for onerous contracts principally relate to unfavourable lease contracts. Provisions for litigation are established in relation to existing lawsuits. For further details on lawsuits please refer to note 33. Restructuring provisions comprise severance payments to employees and payments for the early termination of lease agreements. They primarily relate to restructuring projects in France and Sweden for which detailed, formal restructuring plans have been drawn up and communicated to the parties concerned. The restructuring provisions included at the balance sheet date of EUR 20.9 m (previous year EUR 27.8 m) largely relate to benefits for employees in connection with the termination of employment contracts. Miscellaneous provisions include several kinds of other provisions. Taken individually, none of the lawsuits has a significant influence on TUI Group's economic position. This category also includes compensation claims from customers and provision for interest. Changes in other provisions outside profit and loss primarily relate to changes in the group of consolidated companies, foreign exchange differences and reclassifications within other provisions. Where the difference between the present value and the settlement value of a provision is material for the measurement of a non-current provision as at the balance sheet date, the provision is recognised at its present value in accordance with IAS 37. The discount rate to be applied should take account of the specific risks of the liability and of future price increases. This criterion applies to some items contained in TUI Group's other provisions. Additions to other provisions comprise an interest portion of EUR 2.2 m (previous year EUR 3.7 m), recognised as an interest expense.
(30) Financial liabilities
Non-current financial liabilities increased year-on-year by EUR 489.5 m to EUR 2,250.7 m as at the balance sheet date. This increase was mainly driven by the issuance of a Schuldschein, carried under liabilities to banks. The Schuldschein issued in July 2018 has a value of EUR 425.0 m, divided into three tranches with tenures of 5 years, 7 years and 10 years. In addition, liabilities from finance leases increased, primarily due to the renewal and modernisation of the aircraft fleet.
The fixed-interest bond with a nominal value of EUR 300.0 m issued in October 2016 has a coupon of 2.125 % p. a. The bond will mature on 26 October 2021. It can be redeemed ahead of its maturity date any time at its value as at the redemption date. In addition, a 100 % redemption option exists on 26 July 2021. (31) Other liabilities
(32) Contingent liabilities As at 30 September 2018, contingent liabilities amounted to EUR 118.7 m (previous year EUR 156.1 m). Contingent liabilities are reported at an amount representing the best estimate of the potential expenditure that would be required to meet the potential obligation as at the balance sheet date. Contingent liabilities as at 30 September 2018 are mainly attributable to the granting of guarantees for the benefit of hotel activities. The decline of EUR 37.4 m as against 30 September 2017 mainly results from the return of all guarantees given for the benefit of TUI Cruises GmbH. (33) Litigation TUI AG and its subsidiaries are involved in several pending or foreseeable court or arbitration proceedings, which do not have a significant impact on their economic position as at 30 September 2018 or future periods. This also applies to actions claiming warranty, repayment or any other compensation in connection with the divestment of subsidiaries and business units over the past few years. As in previous years, the Group recognised adequate provisions, partly covered by expected insurance benefits, to cover all probable financial charges from court or arbitration proceedings. (34) Other financial commitments
The commitments from lease, rental and charter agreements exclusively relate to leases that do not transfer all risks and rewards of ownership of the assets to the TUI Group companies in accordance with IFRS rules (operating leases). The average basic lease term is around 9 years. The increase in commitments against 30 September 2017 is driven by an increase in lease obligations for aircraft. New aircraft lease commitments and extensions to existing arrangements more than off-set lease payments made in the financial year. Off-setting the increase are lower hotel commitments as a result of fewer extensions. A further decrease was driven by foreign exchange effects for liabilities denominated in Turkish lira. The expected payments to be received from non-cancellable sublease contracts for aircraft are shown in the following table:
Order commitments in respect of capital expenditure relate almost exclusively to tourism and decreased by EUR 281.2 m year-on-year as at 30 September 2018. This was due to various factors including the delivery of Marella Explorer and additional aircraft. Further declines resulted from additional advance payments for aircraft and aircraft equipment, which were partly offset by new order commitments for cruise ships and new commitments for hotel projects. (35) Share-based payments in accordance with IFRS 2 As at 30 September 2018, all existing awards except the employee share program oneShare are recognized as cash-settled share-based payment schemes. The following share-based payment schemes are in effect within TUI Group as at 30 September 2018. Long Term Incentive Plan with earnings-per-share performance measure (LTIP EPS) The long-term incentive programme for Board members is based on phantom shares. In each financial year, a new period of performance measurement commences, spanning the current plus the following three financial years. As a result, each performance measurement period has a general term of four years. All Board members have their individual target amount defined in their service contract. At the beginning of each performance measurement period, this target amount is translated into phantom shares based on the average price of TUI AG shares ('preliminary number of phantom shares'). The average share price is calculated based on the share prices during the 20 trading days prior to the beginning of any financial year. The entitlement under the long-term incentive programme arises upon completion of the four-year performance period. Upon the completion of the four-year performance period, the preliminary number of phantom shares is multiplied by the degree of target achievement. 50 % of this degree of target achievement is determined by comparing the total shareholder return (TSR) achieved by TUI Group with the TSR of companies listed in the 'Dow Jones Stoxx 600 Travel & Leisure' index. If the TUI Group TSR is below the median value, the target achievement is 0 %. If the TUI Group TSRis equal to the median value, target achievement is 100 %. If the TUI Group TSR is the maximum value in the comparison, the target achievement equals 175 %. The remaining 50 % of the degree of target achievement is based on the average pro forma underlying earning per share (LTIP relevant EPS) growth of TUI Group in the four-year performance period. An average EPS growth of less than 3 % results in a target achievement of 0 %. An average EPS growth of 3 % results in a target achievement of 25 %, an average EPS growth of 5 % in a target achievement of 100 % and an average EPS growth of at least 10 % results in 175 % target achievement. The target achievement percentages between 3 % and 5 % and between 5 % and 10 % are calculated on a straight line basis. At the end of the four-year performance period, the average degree of target achievement of both performance measures above is calculated and multiplied with the number of preliminary phantom shares. The number of phantom shares determined this way is multiplied by the average price (20 trading days) of TUI AGshares, and the resulting amount is paid out in cash. The maximum amount payable under the long-term incentive programme has been capped for each individual. If the conditions mentioned above are met, upon expiry of the performance period, the awards are automatically exercised. If the conditions are not met, the awards are forfeited. The service period will be restricted to the end of the employment period if plan participants leave the Company, as long as employment is not terminated due to a significant reason within the sphere of responsibility of the participant or by the participant without cause. Long Term Incentive Plan without earnings-per-share performance measure (LTIP) The EPS performance measurement described above was added to the formerly labeled 'Multi-Annual bonus payment' LTIP scheme in the FY 2018. Before 2018, and for certain Board members also during 2018, the LTIP without the EPS performance measure was in effect. The phantom shares awarded under the original LTIP scheme remain in effect and will vest according to the original plan conditions. 100 % of the target achievement is therefore determined by the the TUI AG TSR performance measure. Performance Share Plan (PSP) The PSP details the share-based payments for entitled Group executives who are not part of the Board. The scheme conditions are harmonized with the LTIP without earnings-per-share performance measure of the Board members with the notable exceptions of a three year performance period instead of four years. Target amounts and grant frequency are subject to individual contractual agreements. Since LTIP and PSP follow common scheme principles, the following development of awarded phantom shares under the programs are shown on an aggregated basis. The development of phantom shares awarded that are subject to the EPS performance measure are shown separately.
Employee share program oneShare Eligible employees can acquire TUI AG shares under preferential conditions when participating in the oneShare program. The preferential conditions include a discount on 'investment' shares bought during a twelve month investment period plus one 'matching' share per three held investment shares, after a lock up period of two years. Investment shares are created via capital increase, while matching shares are bought on the open market. Eligible employees decide once a year about their participation in oneShare. In the FY 2018, one oneShare tranche commenced with a twelve month investment period. This 2018 tranche contained an additional element, the 'Golden shares'. Each participant was awarded twelve shares free of charge, which were not subject to any restrictions. In the completed financial year, 59,196 Golden shares were awarded to employees. Since investment, matching and Golden shares are equity instruments of TUI AG, oneShare is accounted for as an equity-Âsettled share-based payment scheme in line with IFRS 2. Once all eligible employees have decided upon their yearly participation, the fair value of the equity instrument granted is calculated once and fixed for each tranche on the basis of the proportional shares price at grant date taking into consideration the discounted estimated dividends. The development of acquired investment and estimated matching shares, as well as the parameters used for the calculation of the fair value are as follows:
Closed share-based payment schemes The following share-based payment schemes are closed, resulting in no new awards being granted. Awards made in the past remain valid and will vest according to the respective plan conditions. TUI AG Stock option plan The stock option plan for qualifying Group executives below Board level was closed during FY 2016. The last tranche was granted in February 2016 and vested in February 2018. Bonuses were granted to Group executives entitled to receive a bonus; the bonuses were translated into phantom shares in TUI AG on the basis of an average share price. The phantom shares were calculated on the basis of Group earnings before interest, taxes and amortisation of goodwill (EBITA). The translation into phantom shares was based on the average share price of the TUI share on the 20 trading days following the Supervisory Board meeting at which the annual financial statements were approved. The number of phantom shares granted in a financial year was, therefore, only determined in the subsequent year. Following a lock-up period of two years, the individual beneficiaries are free to exercise their right to cash payment from this bonus within three years. Following significant corporate news, the entitlements have to be exercised within defined timeframes. The lock-up period is not applicable if a beneficiary leaves the Company; in that case, the entitlements have to be exercised in the next time window. The level of the cash payment depends on the average share price of the TUI share over a period of 20 trading days after the exercise date. There are no absolute or relative return or share price targets. A cap has been agreed for exceptional, unforeseen developments. Since the strike price is EUR 0.00 and the incentive programme does not entail a vesting period, the fair value corresponds to the intrinsic value and hence the market price at the balance sheet date. Accordingly, the fair value of the obligation is determined by multiplying the number of phantom shares with the share price at the respective reporting date. As at 30 September 2018, 40,593 share options valued at EUR 0.7 m are vested and outstanding. Since the plan is closed, no new grants were made, 113,167options were exercised (total value of EUR 2.0 m) and no options were forfeited. Share-based payment schemes of former TUI Travel PLC The three principal schemes below were all closed to new participants during the FY 2016. The last tranche will vest in December 2018 and will be settled in cash. The share option awards of these remuneration schemes will only vest if the average annual return on invested capital (ROIC) is at least equal to the average weighted average cost of capital (WACC) over a period of three years. If this condition is fulfilled, the number of vesting awards is determined as a function of the fulfilment of the following performance conditions. Performance share plan (PSP) Up to 50 % of these awards granted will vest based on growth in the Group's reported earnings per share (EPS) relative to the UK Retail Price Index. Up to 25 % of the awards will vest based on the Group's total shareholder return (TSR) performance relative to an average of the TSR performance of an index of other capital market-orientated travel and tourism companies. Likewise, up to 25 % of the awards vest if the Group's average return on invested capital (ROIC) meets predefined targets. Deferred annual bonus scheme (DABS) The awards granted under this scheme vest upon completion of a three-year period at the earliest. Up to 50 % of the granted awards will vest based on growth in earnings per share (EPS) relative to the UK Retail Price Index (RPI). 25 % of the awards will vest based on total shareholder return (TSR) performance relative to the TSR performance of other capital market-oriented travel and tourism companies. Likewise, up to 25 % of the awards will vest if the average return on invested capital (ROIC) meets certain targets. Deferred annual bonus long-term incentive scheme (DABLIS) The Deferred Annual Bonus Long-Term Incentive Scheme (DABLIS), for executive staff (except for the Executive Board) requires a 25 % conversion of any annual variable compensation into share options. Some eligible staff have been awarded further (matching) share option awards as additional bonuses. Matching share options are limited to four times the converted amount. The earliest point for the share options to be eligible for release is at the end of a three-year period. Up to 50 % of the awards will vest based on achievement of certain EBITA targets. Up to 25 % of awards will vest based on the earnings per share (EPS) performance relative to the UK Retail Price Index and up to 25 % based on the total shareholder return (TSR) performance in relation to the TSR performance of other capital market-oriented travel and tourism companies. The development of awards schemes granted under DABLIS and the closed TUI Travel PLC PSP and the former DABS is as follows:
The weighted average TUI AG share price was EUR 15.93 at exercise date (previous year EUR 12.32). Accounting for share-based payment schemes As at 30 September 2018, all existing awards except oneShare are recognized as cash-settled share-based payment schemes and are granted with an exercise price of EUR 0.00. The personnel expense is recognized upon actual delivery of service according to IFRS 2 and is, therefore, spread over a period of time. According to IFRS 2, all contractually granted entitlements have to be accounted for, irrespective of whether and when they are actually awarded. Accordingly, phantom shares granted in the past are charged on a pro rata basis upon actual delivery of service. In the FY 2018, personnel expenses due to cash-settled share-based payment schemes of EUR 18.2 m (previous year EUR 11.1 m) were recognised through profit and loss. In the FY 2018, personnel expenses due to equity-settled share-based payment schemes of EUR 4.3 m (previous year EUR 1.9 m) were recognised through profit and loss. As at 30 September 2018, provisions relating to entitlements under these long-term incentive programmes totaled EUR 34.2 m and further EUR 4.1 m were included as liabilities (previous year provisions of EUR 32.9 m and EUR 1.6 m liabilities). (36) Financial instruments Risks and risk management Risk management principles Due to the nature of its business operations, the TUI Group is exposed to various financial risks, including market risks (consisting of currency risks, interest rate risks and market price risks), credit risks and liquidity risks. In accordance with the Group's financial goals, financial risks have to be mitigated. In order to achieve this, policies and procedures have been developed to manage risk associated with financial transactions undertaken. The rules, responsibilities and processes as well as limits for transactions and risk positions have been defined in policies. The trading, processing and control have been segregated in functional and organisational terms. Compliance with the policies and limits is continually monitored. All hedges by the TUI Group are consistently based on recognised or forecasted underlying transactions. Standard software is used for assessing, monitoring, reporting, documenting and reviewing the effectiveness of the hedging relationships for the hedges entered into. In this context, the fair values of all derivative financial instruments determined on the basis of the Group's own systems are regularly compared with the fair value confirmations from the external counterparties. The processes, the methods applied and the organisation of risk management are reviewed for compliance with the relevant regulations on at least an annual basis by the internal audit department and external auditors. Within the TUI Group, financial risks primarily arise from cash flows in foreign currencies, fuel requirements (jet fuel and bunker oil) and financing via the money and capital markets. In order to limit the risks from changes in exchange rates, market prices and interest rates for underlying transactions, the TUI Group uses over-the-counter derivative financial instruments. These are primarily fixed-price transactions. In addition, the TUI Group also uses options and structured products. Use of derivative financial instruments is confined to internally fixed limits and other policies. The transactions are concluded on an arm's length basis with counterparties operating in the financial sector, whose counterparty risk is regularly monitored. Foreign exchange translation risks from the consolidation of Group companies not preparing their accounts in euros are not hedged. Market risk Market risks result in fluctuations in earnings, equity and cash flows. Risks arising from input cost volatility are more fully detailed in the risk report section of the management report. In order to limit or eliminate these risks, the TUI Group has developed various hedging strategies, including the use of derivative financial instruments. IFRS 7 requires the presentation of a sensitivity analysis showing the effects of hypothetical changes in relevant market risk variables on profit or loss and equity. The effects for the period are determined by relating the hypothetical changes in risk variables to the portfolio of primary and derivative financial instruments as at the balance sheet date. It is assured that the portfolio of financial instruments as at the balance sheet date is representative for the entire financial year. The analyses of the TUI Group's risk reduction activities outlined below and the amounts determined using sensitivity analyses represent hypothetical and thus uncertain risks. Due to unforeseeable developments in the global financial markets, actual results may deviate substantially from the disclosures provided. The risk analysis methods used must not be considered a projection of future events or losses, since the TUI Group is also exposed to risks of a non-financial or non-quantifiable nature. These risks primarily include sovereign, business and legal risks not covered by the following presentation of risks. Currency risk The business operations of the TUI Group's companies generate payments or receipts denominated in foreign currencies, which are not always matched by payments or receipts with equivalent terms in the same currency. Using potential netting effects (netting of payments made and received in the same currency with identical or similar terms), the TUI Group enters into appropriate hedges with external counterparties in order to protect its profit margin from exchange rate-related fluctuations. Within the TUI Group, risks from exchange rate fluctuations are hedged, with the largest hedging volumes relating to US dollars, euros and pound sterling. The Eurozone limits the currency risk from transactions in the key tourist destinations to Group companies whose functional currency is not the euro. The tourism business operations are mainly affected by changes in the value of the US dollar and the euro, the latter predominantly affecting the TUI tour operators in the UK and the Nordic countries. In tourism operations, payments in US dollars primarily relate to the procurement of services in non-European destinations, purchases of jet and ship fuel and aircraft and cruise ship purchases or charter. The tourism companies use financial derivatives to hedge their planned foreign exchange requirements. They aim to cover 80 % to 100 % of the planned currency requirements at the beginning of the tourism season. In this regard, account is taken of the different risk profiles of the TUI Group companies. The hedged currency volumes are adjusted in line with changes in planned requirements based on reporting by business units. Currency risks within the meaning of IFRS 7 arise from primary and derivative monetary financial instruments issued in a currency other than the functional currency of a company. Exchange rate-related differences from the translation of financial statements into the Group's presentation currency are not taken into account. Taking account of the different functional currencies within the TUI Group, the sensitivity analyses of the currencies identified as relevant risk variables are presented below. A 10 % strengthening or weakening of the respective functional currencies, primarily euro and pound sterling, against the other currencies would cause the following effects on the revaluation reserve and earnings after income tax:
Interest rate risk The TUI Group is exposed to interest rate risks from floating-rate primary and derivative financial instruments. Where interest-driven cash flows of floating-rate primary financial instruments are converted into fixed cash flows using derivative hedges and the critical terms of the hedging transaction are the same as those of the hedged items they are not exposed to an interest rate risk. No interest rate risk exists for fixed-interest financial instruments carried at amortised cost. Changes in market interest rates mainly impact floating-rate primary financial instruments and derivative financial instruments entered into in order to reduce interest-induced cashflow fluctuations. The table below presents the equity and earnings effects of an assumed increase or decrease in the market interest rate of 50 base points as at the balance sheet date.
Fuel price risk Due to the nature of its business operations, the TUI Group is exposed to market price risks from the purchase of fuel, both for the aircraft fleet and the cruise ships. The tourism companies use financial derivatives to hedge their exposure to market price risks for the planned consumption of fuel. At the beginning of the touristic season the target hedging ratio is at least 80 %. The different risk profiles of the Group companies operating in different source markets are taken into account, including the possibility of levying fuel surcharges. The hedging volumes are adjusted for changes in planned consumption as identified by the Group companies. If the commodity prices, which underlie the fuel price hedges, increase or decrease by 10 % on the balance sheet date, the impact on equity and on earnings after income taxes would be as shown in the table below.
Other price risks Apart from the financial risks that may result from changes in exchange rates, commodity prices and interest rates, the TUI Group is not exposed to significant price risks at the balance sheet date. Credit risk The credit risk in non-derivative financial instruments results from the risk of counterparties defaulting on their contractual payment obligations. Maximum credit risk exposure corresponds to the total of the recognised carrying amounts of the financial assets (including derivative financial instruments with positive market values). It also relates to the granting of financial guarantees for the discharge of liabilities. Details concerning the guarantees at the balance sheet date are presented in Note 32. Where legally enforceable, financial assets and liabilities are netted. Credit risks are reviewed closely on conclusion of the contract and continually monitored thereafter in order to swiftly respond to potential impairment in a counterparty's solvency. Responsibility for handling the credit risk is generally held by the Group company holding the receivable. Since the TUI Group operates in many different business areas and regions, significant credit risk concentrations of receivables from and loans to specific debtors or groups of debtors are not to be expected. A significant concentration of credit risks related to specific countries is not to be expected either. As in the previous year, as at the balance sheet date, there is no material collateral held, or other credit enhancements that reduce the maximum credit risk. Collateral held in the prior period relates exclusively to financial assets of the category Trade receivable and other assets. The collateral mainly comprises collateral for financial receivables granted and maturing in more than one year and / or with a volume of more than EUR 1 m. Real property rights, directly enforceable guarantees, bank guarantees and comfort letters are used as collateral. Identifiable credit risks of individual receivables are subject to provisions for bad debts. In addition, portfolios are impaired based on observed values. An analysis of the aging structure of the category Trade receivables and other assets is presented in Note 17. Credit management also covers the TUI Group's derivative financial instruments. The maximum credit risk for derivative financial instruments entered into is limited to the total of all positive market values of these instruments since in the event of counterparty default asset losses would only be incurred up to that amount. Since derivative financial instruments are concluded with different debtors, credit risk exposure is reduced. The specific credit risks of individual counterparties are taken into account in determining the fair values of derivative financial instruments. In addition, the counterparty risk is continually monitored and controlled using internal bank limits. Liquidity risk Liquidity risks arise from the TUI Group being unable to meet its short term financial obligations and the resulting increases in funding costs. The TUI Group has established an internal liquidity management system to secure TUI Group's liquidity at all times and consistently comply with contractual payment obligations. To that end, TUI Group's liquidity management system uses the opportunities of physical and virtual cash pooling for more efficient liquidity pooling. It also uses credit lines to compensate for the seasonal fluctuations in liquidity resulting from the tourism business. The core credit facility is a syndicated revolving credit facility with banks with a volume of EUR 1,535 m as a cash line. As in the previous year, no material assets were deposited as collateral for liabilities. Moreover, the Group companies participating in the cash pool are jointly and severally liable for financial liabilities from cash pooling agreements. The tables provided below list the contractually agreed (undiscounted) cash flows of all primary financial liabilities as at the balance sheet date. Planned payments for future new liabilities were not taken into account. Where financial liabilities have a floating interest rate, the forward interest rates fixed at the balance sheet date were used to determine future interest payments. Financial liabilities cancellable at any time are allocated to the earliest maturity band. The analysis of cash flows from derivative financial instruments shows the contractually agreed (undiscounted) cash flows of foreign exchange hedges of all liabilities and receivables that existed at the balance sheet date. Derivative financial instruments used to hedge other price risks are included in the analysis with their agreed cash flows from all financial liabilities at the balance sheet date.
For further information for hedging strategies and risk management see also the remarks in the Risk Report section of the Management Report. Derivative financial instruments and hedges Strategy and goals In accordance with the TUI Group's policy, derivatives are allowed to be used if they are based on underlying recognised assets or liabilities, firm commitments or forecast transactions. Hedge accounting based on the rules of IAS 39 is applied to forecasted transactions. In the completed financial year, hedges consisted of cash flow hedges. Derivative financial instruments in the form of fixed-price transactions and options as well as structured products are used to limit currency, interest rate and fuel risks. Cash Flow Hedges As at 30 September 2018, hedges existed to manage cash flows in foreign currencies with maturities of up to four years (previous year up to four years). The fuel price hedges had terms of up to four years (previous year up to four years). Hedges to protect variable interest payment obligations have terms of up to thirteen years (previous year up to fourteen years). The impact on profit or loss for the period is at the time the expected cash inflow / outflow occurs. In accounting for cash flow hedges, the effective portion of the cumulative change in market value is carried in the revaluation reserve outside profit and loss until the hedged item occurs. It is recognised in the income statement through profit and loss when the hedged item is executed. In the completed financial year, expenses of EUR 177.6 m (previous year income of EUR 371.8 m) for currency hedges and derivative financial instruments used as price hedges were carried in the cost of sales. As in the previous year, there was no result from interest rate hedges. Expenses of EUR 2.5 m (previous year expenses of EUR 4.5 m) were recognised for the ineffective portion of the cash flow hedges.
The nominal amounts correspond to the total of all purchase or sale amounts or the contract values of the transactions. Fair values of derivative financial instruments The fair values of derivative financial instruments generally correspond to the market value. The market price determined for all derivative financial instruments is the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. A description of the determination of the fair values of derivative financial instruments is provided with the classification of financial instruments measured at fair value.
Financial instruments which are entered into in order to hedge a risk position according to operational criteria but do not meet the criteria of IAS 39 to qualify for hedge accounting are shown as other derivative financial instruments. They include foreign currency transactions entered into in order to hedge against foreign exchange-exposure to changes in the value of balance sheet items and foreign exchange fluctuations from future expenses in Tourism. Financial instruments - Additional disclosures Carrying amounts and fair values Where financial instruments are listed in an active market, e. g. shares held and bonds issued, the fair value or market value is the respective quotation in this market at the balance sheet date. For over-the-counter bonds, liabilities to banks, promissory notes and other non-current financial liabilities, the fair value is determined as the present value of future cash flows, taking account of yield curves and the respective credit spread, which depends on the credit rating. Due to the short remaining terms of cash and cash equivalents, current trade receivables and other assets, current trade payables and other payables, the carrying amounts are taken as realistic estimates of the fair value. The fair values of non-current trade receivables and other assets correspond to the present values of the cash flows associated with the assets, taking account of current interest parameters which reflect market and counterÂparty-related changes in terms and expectations. There are no financial investments held to maturity.
* Total includes financial instruments measured at cost of EUR 27.6 m
1 Total includes financial instruments measured at cost of EUR 43.5 m 2 Adjusted The financial investments classified as financial assets available for sale include an amount of EUR 27.6 m (previous year EUR 43.5 m) for stakes in partnerships and corporations for which an active market does not exist. The fair value of these non-listed stakes is not determined using a measurement model since the future cash flows cannot be reliably determined. The stakes are carried at acquisition cost. In the reporting period and in the previous year, there were no significant disposals of stakes in partnerships and corporations measured at acquisition cost. The TUI Group does not intend to sell or derecognise the stakes in these partnerships and corporations in the near future. Unlike the previous year, a revenue guarantee to the purchaser of Hotelbeds Group with the fair value was recorded in other liabilities. The prior year presentation has been adjusted.
* Total includes financial instruments measured at cost of EUR 27.6 m
1 Total includes financial instruments measured at cost of EUR 43.5 m 2 Adjusted Fair value measurement The table below presents the fair values of recurring, non-recurring and other financial instruments measured at fair value in line with the underlying measurement level. The individual measurement levels have been defined as follows in line with the inputs:
* Adjusted At the end of every reporting period, TUI Group checks whether there are any reasons for reclassification to or from one of the measurement levels. Financial assets and financial liabilities are generally transferred out of Level 1 into Level 2 if the liquidity and trading activity no longer indicate an active market. The opposite situation applies to potential transfers out of Level 2 into Level 1. In the reporting period, there were no transfers between Level 1 and Level 2. Reclassifications from Level 3 to Level 2 or Level 1 are made if observable market price quotations become available for the asset or liability concerned. Checks of the measurement parameters showed that the stake in peakwork AG did not classify as Level 2 any longer as observable valuation parameter were no longer available. There were no other transfers from or to Level 3. The TUI Group records transfers from or to Level 3 at the date of the obligating event or occasion triggering the transfer. Level 1 Financial instruments The fair value of financial instruments for which an active market exists is based on quoted prices at the reporting date. An active market exists if quoted prices are readily and regularly available from an exchange, dealer, broker, pricing service or regulatory agency and these prices represent actual and regularly occurring market transactions on an arm's length basis. These financial instruments are classified as Level 1. The fair values correspond to the nominal amounts multiplied by the quoted prices at the reporting date. Level 1 financial instruments primarily comprise shares in listed companies classified as available for sale and bonds issued classified as financial liabilities at amortised cost. Level 2 Financial instruments: The fair values of financial instruments not traded in an active market, e. g. over-the-counter (OTC) derivatives, are determined by means of valuation techniques. These valuation techniques make maximum use of observable market data and minimise the use of Group-specific assumptions. If all essential inputs for the determination of the fair value of an instrument are observable, the instrument is classified as Level 2. If one or several key inputs are not based on observable market data, the instrument is classified as Level 3. The following specific valuation techniques are used to measure financial instruments:
Level 3 Financial instruments: The table below presents the fair values of the financial instruments measured at fair value on a recurring basis, classified as Level 3:
* Adjusted Further information on Level 3 is not presented for materiality reasons. Effects on results The effects of the measurement of financial assets available for sale outside profit and loss and the effective portions of changes in fair values of derivatives designated as cash flow hedges are listed in the statement of changes in equity. The net results of the financial instruments by measurement category according to IAS 39 are as follows:
The other net result of available-for-sale financial assets mainly consists of the result from participations, capital gains and losses, the effects of the fair value measurement and value adjustments. Financial instruments measured at fair value outside profit and loss did not give rise to any commission expenses in FY 2018, just as in the previous year. Netting The following financial assets and liabilities are subject to contractual netting arrangements:
Financial assets and financial liabilities are only netted in the balance sheet if a legally enforceable right to netting exists and the Company intends to settle on a net basis. The contracts for financial instruments are based on standardised master agreements for financial derivatives (including ISDA Master Agreement, German master agreement for financial derivatives), creating a conditional right to netting contingent on defined future events. Under the contractual agreements all derivatives contracted with the corresponding counterparty with positive or negative fair values are netted in that case, resulting in a net receivable or payable in the amount of the balance. As this conditional right to netting is not enforceable in the course of ordinary business transactions and thus the criteria for netting is not met, the derivative financial assets and liabilities are carried at their gross amounts in the balance sheet at the reporting date. Financial assets and liabilities in the framework of the cash pooling scheme are shown on a net basis if there is a right to netting in ordinary business transactions and the Group intends to settle on a net basis. (37) Capital management TUI Group's capital management ensures that our goals and strategies can be achieved in the interest of our share- / bond- and credit-holders as well as other stakeholders. The primary objectives of the Group are as follows:
Key management variables used in capital management to measure and control the above goals are Return On Invested Capital (ROIC), the leverage ratio and the coverage ratio, presented in the table below. TUI Group's financial policy aims for a leverage ratio of 3.00 (x) to 2.25 (x) and a coverage ratio of 5.75 (x) to 6.75 (x). TUI Group's financial and liquidity management for all Group subsidiaries is centrally operated by TUI AG, which acts as the Group's internal bank. Financing and refinancing requirements, derived from the multi-year finance budget, are satisfied by the timely conclusion of appropriate financing instruments. The short-term liquidity reserve is safeguarded by syndicated credit facilities, bilateral bank loans and liquid funds. Moreover, through intra-Group cash pooling the cash surpluses of individual Group companies are used to finance the cash requirements of other Group companies.
* The reconciliation from EBITA to earnings before income taxes is shown in the segment reporting. Notes on the cash flow statement The cash flow statement shows the flow of cash and cash equivalents on the basis of a separate presentation of cash inflows and outflows from operating, investing and financing activities. The effects of changes in the group of consolidated companies are eliminated. The cash flows are shown for continuing operations and the discontinued operation. In the period under review, cash and cash equivalents rose by EUR 31.9 m to EUR 2,548.0 m. (38) Cash inflow from operating activities Based on the Group result after tax, the cash flow from operating activities is derived using the indirect method. In the financial year under review, the cash inflow from operating activities amounted to EUR 1,150.9 m (previous year EUR 1,583.1 m). In the period under review, the cash inflow included interest of EUR 29.9 m (previous year EUR 17.7 m) and dividends of EUR 226.5 m (previous year EUR 121.7 m). Income tax payments resulted in a cash outflow of EUR 236.0 m (previous year EUR 146.1 m). (39) Cash outflow from investing activities In FY 2018, the cash outflow from investing activities totalled EUR 845.7 m (previous year EUR 687.7 m). The cash flow from investing activities includes a cash outflow for capital expenditure related to property, plant and equipment and intangible assets of EUR 956.2 m, including EUR 2.2 m for interest capitalised as borrowing costs (previous year EUR 4.0 m). The Group also recorded a cash inflow of EUR 192.4 m from the sale of property, plant and equipment and intangible assets. The item also includes a cash outflow of EUR 135.6 m in connection with the acquisition of consolidated companies, including EUR 135.1 m relating to the Destination Experiences and Hotels & Resorts segments. The Group recorded a cash inflow of EUR 94.1 m from the sale of consolidated companies and an investment. In the period under review, the acquisition of associates and a joint venture as well as the capital increase of an associate, an advance payment for an investment and the investment of cash and cash equivalents in a money market fund resulted in an outflow of cash for other assets of EUR 40.4 m. (40) Cash outflow from financing activities The cash outflow from financing activities totals EUR 236.9 m (previous year EUR 733.8 m). TUI AG recorded an inflow of cash of EUR 422.9 m from the issue of an unsecured Schuldschein after deducting borrowing costs. TUI Group companies took out further financial liabilities worth EUR 11.3 m. A further cash outflow of EUR 162.7 m related to the redemption of financial liabilities, including EUR 106.5 m for finance lease obligations (previous year EUR 97.8 m). The external revolving credit facility to control the seasonality of the Group's cash flows and liquidity was not used as at the balance sheet day. An amount of EUR 110.8 m was used for interest payments, while a cash outflow of EUR 381.8 m related to dividend payments to TUI AG shareholders and a further outflow of EUR 53.5 m related to dividend payments to minority shareholders. The sale of shares in TUI AG held by the Employee Benefit Trust of TUI Travel Ltd. in the prior year gave rise to an inflow of EUR 32.7 m in October 2017. An amount of EUR 1.0 m was spent to purchase shares issued to employees. The issue of employee shares resulted in a cash inflow of EUR 6.8 m. (41) Development of cash and cash equivalents Cash and cash equivalents comprise all liquid funds, i. e. cash in hand, bank balances and cheques. Cash and cash equivalents declined by EUR 36.4 m (previous year EUR 49.1 m) due to foreign exchange effects. Other notes (42) Services of the auditors of the consolidated financial statements TUI AG's consolidated financial statements have been audited by Deloitte GmbH Wirtschaftsprüfungsgesellschaft. Since FY 2017, Dr Hendrik Nardmann has been the auditor in charge. Total expenses for the services provided by the auditors of the consolidated financial statements in FY 2018 break down as follows:
(43) Remuneration of Executive and Supervisory Board members acc. to section 314 HGB In the completed financial year, the remuneration paid to Executive Board members totalled EUR 3,792.8 k (previous year EUR 3,794.7 k). Pension payments for former Executive Board members or their surviving dependants totalled EUR 4,963.6 k (previous year EUR 13,497.1 k) in the completed financial year. Pension obligations for former Executive Board members and their surviving dependants amounted to EUR 63,738.2 k (previous year EUR 64,683.5 k) at the balance sheet date. Disclosures of the relevant amounts for individual Board members and further details on the remuneration system are provided in the Remuneration Report included in the Management Report. (44) Use of exemption provision The following German subsidiaries fully included in consolidation made use of the exemption provision in accordance with section 264 (3) of the German Commercial Code (HGB):
(45) Related parties Apart from the subsidiaries included in the consolidated financial statements, TUI AG, in carrying out its ordinary business activities, maintains indirect or direct relationships with related parties. Related parties controlled by the TUI Group or over which the TUI Group is able to exercise a significant influence are shown in the list of shareholdings published in the Federal Gazette (www.bundesanzeiger.de). Apart from pure equity investments, related parties also include companies that supply goods or provide services for TUI Group companies. Financial obligations from order commitments vis-à -vis related parties primarily relate to the purchasing of hotel services. TUI Group also has obligations of EUR 272.7 m (previous year EUR 613.2 m) from order commitments vis-à -vis the related company TUI Cruises.
Transactions with joint ventures and associates are primarily effected in the Tourism segment. They relate in particular to the tourism services of the hotel companies used by the Group's tour operators. All transactions with related parties were executed on an arm's length basis, applying international comparable uncontrolled price methods in accordance with IAS 24.
Liabilities to joint ventures included liabilities from finance leases of EUR 152.7 m (previous year EUR 168.4 m). The share of result of associates and joint ventures is shown separately by segment in segment reporting. The Russian entrepreneur Alexey Mordashov, CEO of OOO Severgroup, has been a member of TUI AG's Supervisory Board since February 2016 and held 24.998 % of the shares in TUI AG as at the balance sheet date. At the balance sheet date, the joint venture Riu Hotels S.A. holds 3.4 % of the shares in TUI AG. Luis Riu Güell and Carmen Riu Güell (a member of TUI AG's Supervisory Board) hold 51 % of the shares in Riu Hotels S. A. At the balance sheet date there is a compensation claim towards the other shareholders of the Riu Group of EUR 34.3 m, resulting from payments made by TUI Group, which relate to the other shareholders of the Riu Group. In accordance with IAS 24, key management functions within the Group, the Executive Board and the Supervisory Board are related parties whose remuneration has to be listed separately.
Post-employment benefits are transfers to or reversals of pension provisions for Executive Board members active in the reporting period. The expenses mentioned do not meet the definition of remuneration for Executive and Supervisory Board members under German accounting rules. Pension provisions for active Executive Board members total EUR 22.1 m (previous year EUR 19.7 m) as at the balance sheet date. In addition, provisions and payables of EUR 20.6 m (previous year EUR 10.2 m) are recognised relating to the long-term incentive programme. (46) International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) not yet applied
The amendments to IFRS 4 Applying IFRS 9 with IFRS 4 of 12 September 2016, endorsed by the EU on 3 November 2017 and effective from 1 January 2018, are not relevant for TUI Group. IFRS 15 TUI Group will first apply IFRS 15 from 1 October 2018 using the retrospective method. This means that the prior-year reference period is presented in accordance with IFRS 15. Revenue reserves will therefore decline by a low double-digit million amount as at 1 October 2017, primarily due to the three following circumstances:
The effects of the recognition of additional revenue and tourism expenses at the beginning of a financial year and lower revenue and tourism expenses at the end of a financial year will almost fully offset each other at constant business volume. The new rules will result in a material expansion of the qualitative and quantitative disclosure requirements. IFRS 9 TUI Group has assessed the impact of the application of IFRS 9 Financial Instruments in a Group-wide project. Overall, we do not expect any major effects on the consolidated financial statements.
The reconciliation of the carrying amounts and loss allowances in transitioning from IAS 39 to IFRS 9 will be presented in a reconciliation table. We will use the option not to restate the prior-year comparatives in the transition. IFRS 16 The changes in lessee accounting of leases resulting from IFRS 16 will have a significant impact on all parts of the consolidated financial statements and the presentation of the Group's financial position, net assets and earnings position:
TUI Group has launched a Group-wide project to assess the impact and to implement the new requirements. Currently, TUI Group has decided to make use of the exemptions for short-term leases and low-value assets. Further, the new rules will not be applied to leases for intangible assets. For car and IT leases, comprising both lease and non-lease components, we will make use of the simplification to avoid accounting for lease components separately from non-lease components. We also intend to present intra-Group leases - in line with internal control - as operating leases in line with IAS 17 in segment reporting in accordance with IFRS 8. The Group-wide detailed assessment of all external leases included within the implementation project and the assessment of the impact of the new rules on accounting for maintenance provisions for leased aircraft have not yet been fully completed. For that reason and due to the Group's large number of external and internal leases, a reliable estimate of the quantitative effects is currently not yet possible. Based on the modified retrospective approach, TUI Group will apply the new rules from 1 October 2019. The Group may use various practical expedients in transitioning to the new rules, and no decisions have yet been taken on how to exercise these options. Upon first-time application, the cumulative effect of the transition will be recognised in equity outside profit and loss. The prior-year comparatives for FY 2019, the year prior to first-time application, will not be restated retrospectively. The following amendments and new standards have not yet been endorsed by the European Union.
IFRS 17 Insurance Contracts, newly published by the IASB on 18 May 2017, is not of relevance to TUI Group. (47) TUI Group Shareholdings
1 Destination Management of Hotelbeds 2 Controlling influence Responsibility To the best of our knowledge, and in accordance with the applicable reporting principles, the consolidated financial statements give a true and fair view of the net assets, financial position and results of operations of the Group, and the Group Management Report includes a fair review of the development and performance of the business and the position of the Group, together with a description of the principal opportunities and risks associated with the expected development of the Group. Hanover, 11 December 2018 The Executive Board
Independent To TUI AG, Berlin and Hanover / Germany Report on the audit of the consolidated financial statements and of the combined management report Audit Opinions We have audited the consolidated financial statements of TUI AG, Berlin and Hanover / Germany, and its subsidiaries (the Group), which comprise the consolidated statement of financial position as at 30 September 2018, and the income statement, the consolidated statement of comprehensive income, the consolidated statement of changes in equity and the consolidated statement of cash flows for the financial year from 1 October 2017 to 30 September 2018, and the notes to the consolidated financial statements, including a summary of significant accounting policies. In addition, we have audited the group management report of TUI AG, Berlin and Hanover / Germany, for the financial year from 1 October 2017 to 30 September 2018, which was combined with the management report of the Parent. In accordance with the German legal requirements, we have not audited the content of the parts of the combined management report listed in the Appendix to the Independent Auditor's Report. In our opinion, on the basis of the knowledge obtained in the audit,
Pursuant to § 322 Abs. 3 Satz [Sentence] 1 HGB, we declare that our audit has not led to any reservations relating to the legal compliance of the consolidated financial statements and of the combined management report. Basis for the Audit Opinions We conducted our audit of the consolidated financial statements and of the combined management report in accordance with § 317 HGB and the EU Audit Regulation (No. 537 / 2014, referred to subsequently as "EU Audit Regulation") in compliance with German Generally Accepted Standards for Financial Statement Audits promulgated by the Institut der Wirtschaftsprüfer [Institute of Public Auditors in Germany] (IDW). We performed the audit of the consolidated financial statements in supplementary compliance with the International Standards on Auditing (ISAs). Our responsibilities under those requirements, principles and standards are further described in the "Auditor's Responsibilities for the Audit of the Consolidated Financial Statements and of the Combined Management Report" section of our auditor's report. We are independent of the group entities in accordance with the requirements of European law and German commercial and professional law, and we have fulfilled our other German professional responsibilities in accordance with these requirements. In addition, in accordance with Article 10 (2) Point (f) of the EU Audit Regulation, we declare that we have not provided non-audit services prohibited under Article 5 (1) of the EU Audit Regulation. We believe that the audit evidence we have obtained is sufficient and appropriate to provide a basis for our audit opinions on the consolidated financial statements and on the group management report. Key Audit Matters in the Audit of the Consolidated Financial Statements Key audit matters are those matters that, in our professional judgement, were of most significance in our audit of the consolidated financial statements for the financial year from 1 October 2017 to 30 September 2018. These matters were addressed in the context of our audit of the consolidated financial statements as a whole and in forming our audit opinion thereon; we do not provide a separate audit opinion on these matters. In the following, we present the key audit matters we have determined in the course of our audit: 1 Recoverability of goodwill 2 Recoverability of touristic payments on account for hotel services 3 Recoverability of deferred tax assets 4 Specific provisions 5 Presentation of the acquisition of Destination Management Our presentation of these key audit matters has been structured as follows: A Description (including reference to corresponding information in the consolidated financial statements) B Auditor's response 1 Recoverability of goodwill A In TUI AG's consolidated financial statements as at 30 September 2018, goodwill totalling mEUR 2,958.6 is reported under the statement of financial position item "Goodwill". Goodwill is subject to an impairment test at least once a year, namely as of 30 June of the financial year. Measurement is by means of a valuation model based on the Discounted Cash Flow method. The result of this valuation depends to a great extent on the estimate of future cash inflows by the Management Board and also on the discount rate used. Thus, the valuation is subject to a significant uncertainty. Against this background, we believe that this is a key audit matter. The Company's disclosures on goodwill are provided in Note (13) of the Notes to the consolidated financial statements. B We investigated the process for performing the impairment test on goodwill and conducted an audit of the accounting-Ârelevant controls contained therein. Specifically, we convinced ourselves of the appropriateness of the future cash inflows used in the calculation. To do so, among other things we compared these figures with the current budgets contained in the three-year plan adopted by the Management Board and approved by the Supervisory Board, and checked it against general and industry-specific market expectations. Since even relatively small changes in the discount rate can have a material effect on the amount of the business value determined in this way, we also focused on examining the parameters used to determine the discount rate used, including the Weighted Average Cost of Capital, and analysed the calculation algorithm. Owing to the material significance of goodwill and the fact that the valuation also depends on macroeconomic conditions which are beyond the control of the Company, we also assessed the sensitivity analyses prepared by the Company for the cash-generating units with low excess cover (carrying amount compared to present value). 2 Recoverability of touristic payments on account for hotel services A Payments on account for hotel services amounting to mEUR 366.1 are recognised under the statement of financial position item "Touristic payments on account" in TUI AG's consolidated financial statements as at 30 September 2018. In our opinion, this is a key audit matter, as the measurement of this significant item is based to a large extent on estimates and assumptions made by the Management Board. The Company's disclosures on "Touristic payments on account" are provided in Note (18) of the Notes to the consolidated financial statements. B We investigated the process of evaluating hotel prepayments and carried out an audit of the accounting-relevant controls contained therein. In the knowledge that there is an increased risk of misstatements in financial reporting with estimated values and that the valuation decisions of the Management Board have a direct and significant effect on the consolidated net income, we have assessed the appropriateness of the valuations by comparing these values with historical values and using the contractual bases presented to us. We assessed the recoverability of touristic payments on account in particular against the background of current developments in Turkey and North Africa. For this, we took into account, among other things, the repayment schedules agreed with the hoteliers concerned, the options for offsetting against future overnight accommodation and the framework agreements concluded. 3 Recoverability of deferred tax assets A TUI AG's consolidated financial statements as at 30 September 2018 report deferred tax assets totalling mEUR 225.7 under the statement of financial position item "Deferred tax assets". Recoverability of the deferred tax assets recognised is measured by means of forecasts about the future earnings situation. In our opinion, this is a key audit matter because it depends to a large extent on estimates and assumptions made by the Management Board and is subject to uncertainties. The Company's disclosures on deferred tax assets are provided in the Notes to the consolidated financial statements "Accounting and measurement methods" and under Note (19). B We involved our own tax specialists in our audit of tax issues. With their support we assessed the internal processes and controls established for recording tax issues. We assessed the recoverability of deferred tax assets on the basis of internal forecasts on the future taxable income situation of TUI AG and its major subsidiaries. In this context, we referred to the planning prepared by the Management Board and assessed the appropriateness of the planning basis used. Among other things, these were examined in the light of general and industry-specific market expectations. 4 Specific provisions A Provisions for maintenance amounting to mEUR 669.6 and provisions for onerous hotel lease contracts amounting to mEUR 4.4 are disclosed under the statement of financial position item "Other provisions" in TUI AG's consolidated financial statements as at 30 September 2018. Furthermore, provisions for pensions and similar obligations amounting to mEUR 994.8 were recognized as at 30 September 2018. In our opinion, these are key audit matters, as the recognition and measurement of these significant items are based to a large extent on estimates and assumptions made by the Management Board. The Company's disclosures on provisions are provided under the Notes (28) and (29) as well as under the disclosures on accounting and measurement methods in the Notes to the consolidated financial statements. B We investigated the process of recognising and measuring specific provisions and carried out an audit of the accounting-relevant controls contained therein. In the knowledge that there is an increased risk of misstatements in financial reporting with estimated values and that the valuation decisions of the Management Board have a direct and significant effect on consolidated net income, we assessed the appropriateness of the valuations by comparing these values with historical values and using the contractual bases presented to us. Among other things we
5 Presentation of the acquisition of Destination Management A In 2018, TUI has acquired shares of 47 companies of the Destination management line of HNVR Midco Limited for a purchase price of mEUR 94.8. For performing the final purchase price allocation on the acquired assets and liabilities, a period of 12 months as from the date of acquisition, i.e. until end of July 2019 is available. In our opinion, the presentation of the acquisition of the companies of the Destination management line within the statement of financial position is a key audit matter since the identification of the acquired assets and liabilities, their recognition as well as also their valuation are highly dependent on discretionary estimates and assumptions of the Management Board and since the used valuation models are very complex. The disclosures on the acquisition of the companies of the Destination management line are provided in the section "Acquisitions" of the Notes to the consolidated financial statements. B We have audited the performed allocation of the purchase price to the acquired assets and liabilities. In doing so, we have included the knowledge of our internal experts for the accounting of business acquisitions and assessed the assumptions made when identifying assets and liabilities. Other information The Management Board is responsible for the other information. The other information comprises:
Our audit opinions on the consolidated financial statements and on the combined management report do not cover the other information, and consequently we do not express an audit opinion or any other form of assurance conclusion thereon. In connection with our group audit, our responsibility is to read the other information and, in doing so, to consider whether the other information
If, based on the work we have performed, we conclude that there is a material misstatement of this other information, we are required to report that fact. We have nothing to report in this regard. Responsibilities of the Management Board and the Supervisory Board for the ÂConsolidated ÂFinancial Statements and the Combined Management Report The Management Board is responsible for the preparation of the consolidated financial statements that comply, in all material respects, with IFRSs as adopted by the EU and the additional requirements of German commercial law pursuant to § 315e Abs. 1 HGB and that the consolidated financial statements, in compliance with these requirements, give a true and fair view of the assets, liabilities, financial position, and financial performance of the Group. In addition, the Management Board is responsible for such internal control as they have determined necessary to enable the preparation of consolidated financial statements that are free from material misstatement, whether due to fraud or error. In preparing the consolidated financial statements, the Management Board is responsible for assessing the Group's ability to continue as a going concern. It also has the responsibility for disclosing, as applicable, matters related to going concern. In addition, it is responsible for financial reporting based on the going concern basis of accounting unless there is an intention to liquidate the Group or to cease operations, or there is no realistic alternative but to do so. Furthermore, the Management Board is responsible for the preparation of the combined management report that, as a whole, provides an appropriate view of the Group's position and is, in all material respects, consistent with the consolidated financial statements, complies with German legal requirements, and appropriately presents the opportunities and risks of future development. In addition, the Management Board is responsible for such arrangements and measures (systems) as it has considered necessary to enable the preparation of a combined management report that is in accordance with the applicable German legal requirements, and to be able to provide sufficient appropriate evidence for the assertions in the combined management report. The Supervisory Board is responsible for overseeing the Group's financial reporting process for the preparation of the consolidated financial statements and of the combined management report. Auditor's Responsibilities for the Audit of the Consolidated Financial Statements Our objectives are to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the consolidated financial statements as a whole are free from material misstatement, whether due to fraud or error, and whether the combined management report as a whole provides an appropriate view of the Group's position and, in all material respects, is consistent with the consolidated financial statements and the knowledge obtained in the audit, complies with the German legal requirements and appropriately presents the opportunities and risks of future development, as well as to issue an auditor's report that includes our audit opinions on the consolidated financial statements and on the combined management report. Reasonable assurance is a high level of assurance, but is not a guarantee that an audit conducted in accordance with § 317 HGB and the EU Audit Regulation and in compliance with German Generally Accepted Standards for Financial Statement Audits promulgated by the Institut der Wirtschaftsprüfer (IDW) and in supplementary compliance with the ISAs will always detect a material misstatement. Misstatements can arise from fraud or error and are considered material if, individually or in the aggregate, they could reasonably be expected to influence the economic decisions of users taken on the basis of these consolidated financial statements and this combined management report. We exercise professional judgement and maintain professional scepticism throughout the audit. We also
We communicate with those charged with governance regarding, among other matters, the planned scope and timing of the audit and significant audit findings, including any significant deficiencies in internal control that we identify during our audit. We also provide those charged with governance with a statement that we have complied with the relevant independence requirements, and communicate with them all relationships and other matters that may reasonably be thought to bear on our independence, and where applicable, the related safeguards. From the matters communicated with those charged with governance, we determine those matters that were of most significance in the audit of the consolidated financial statements of the current period and are therefore the key audit matters. We describe these matters in our auditor's report unless law or regulation precludes public disclosure about the matter. Other legal an regulatory Requirements Further Information pursuant to Article 10 of the EU Audit Regulation We were elected as group auditor by the annual general meeting on 13 February 2018. We were engaged by the Supervisory Board on 26 March / 15 April 2018. We have been the group auditor of TUI AG, Berlin and Hanover / Germany, without interruption since the financial year 2016 / 17. We declare that the audit opinions expressed in this auditor's report are consistent with the additional report to the audit committee pursuant to Article 11 of the EU Audit Regulation (long-form audit report). Limited Review of the Management Board's declaration of compliance with the UK Corporate Governance Code Pursuant to Section 9.8.10 (1) and (2) of the Listing Rules in the United Kingdom, we were engaged to review Management's statement pursuant to Section 9.8.6 R (6) of the Listing Rules in the United Kingdom that relate to provisions C.1.1, C.2.1, C.2.3 and C.3.1 to C.3.8 of the UK Corporate Governance Code and Management Board's statement pursuant to Section 9.8.6 R (3) of the Listing Rules in the United Kingdom in the financial year 2017 / 18 included in the "Viability statement" of the combined management report and in the section "Going concern reporting according to the UK Corporate Governance Code". We have nothing to report in this regard. German Public Auditor responsible for the engagement The German Public Auditor responsible for the engagement is Dr Hendrik Nardmann. Appendix to the Independent Auditor's Report: Parts of the combined management report We have not audited the content of the following parts of the combined management report:
Deloitte GmbH Wirtschaftsprüfungsgesellschaft
Forward-looking The annual report, in particular the report on expected developments included in the management report, includes various forecasts and expectations as well as statements relating to the future development of the TUI Group and TUI AG. These statements are based on assumptions and estimates and may entail known and unknown risks and uncertainties. Actual development and results as well as the financial and asset situation may therefore differ substantially from the expectations and assumptions made. This may be due to market fluctuations, the development of world market prices for commodities, of financial markets and exchange rates, amendments to national and international legislation and provision or fundamental changes in the economic and political environment. TUI does not intend to and does not undertake an obligation to update or revise any forward-looking statements to adapt them to events or developments after the publication of this annual report. Financial calendar 13 December 2018 Annual Report 2018 12 February 2019 Annual General Meeting 2019 12 February 2019 Quarterly Statement Q1 2019 May 2018 Half-Year Financial Report H1 2019 August 2019 Quarterly Statement Q3 2019 September 2019 Trading update December 2019 Annual Report 2019  |
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| ISIN: | DE000TUAG000 |
| Category Code: | ACS |
| TIDM: | TUI |
| LEI Code: | 529900SL2WSPV293B552 |
| Sequence No.: | 6874 |
| EQS News ID: | 757477 |
| Â | |
| End of Announcement | EQS News Service |
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