Half-yearly report
ABERFORTH SMALLER COMPANIES TRUST plc
INTERIM RESULTS
For the Six Months to 30 June 2007
FEATURES
Net Asset Value Total Return +5.4%
Benchmark Index Total Return +4.6%
Increase in Interim Dividend per Ordinary Share +10.6%
Aberforth Smaller Companies Trust plc (ASCoT) invests only in small UK
quoted companies and is managed by Aberforth Partners LLP.
CHAIRMAN'S STATEMENT
For the six months to 30 June 2007, Aberforth Smaller Companies Trust
plc (ASCoT) achieved a net asset value total return of 5.4%, which
compares with a total return of 4.6% from the Hoare Govett Smaller
Companies Index (Excluding Investment Companies) (HGSC (XIC)), your
Company's investment benchmark. Larger companies, as represented by
the FTSE All-Share Index, registered a total return of 7.6%. ASCoT,
therefore, out-performed its benchmark during a period when smaller
companies under-performed larger companies.
In each of the four financial years to 31 December 2006, ASCoT's net
asset value total return ranged from 24.9% to 37.1% resulting in a
compound annual return for the four years of 29.2%. These were
exceptional returns and I noted in my Chairman's Statement, issued in
January this year, that sooner or later there would be more testing
stockmarket conditions. That comment appears prescient as
stockmarkets had a material setback in late February when a number of
events (referred to more fully in your Managers' Report) caused
investors to review their appetite for risk. But stockmarkets quickly
recovered and through to early June seemed to be back to a form
similar to the previous four years. As then, this proved challenging
to ASCoT's relative performance. In early June, however, markets
suffered a further setback after a sharp rise in short, medium, and
long term interest rates. While this was less helpful to absolute
returns, this assisted ASCoT's relative returns. Although interest
rates have been rising for well over a year, the abruptness of these
recent moves unsettled most stockmarkets as investors became concerned
that debt funded M&A may provide less impetus than has been the case.
It is very difficult to gauge whether this will transpire, and indeed,
the broad market indexes have now recovered from their early-June
falls, albeit leaving UK smaller companies somewhat behind. Meanwhile,
ASCoT seems relatively well positioned should either stockmarkets
prove less ebullient or smaller companies experience weaker relative
performance.
Your Board is pleased to announce an interim dividend of 4.70p per
share, which represents an increase of 10.6% compared with the
equivalent period last year. While underlying growth in dividends
from ASCoT's portfolio remains good, Shareholders should not
extrapolate this increase for the year as a whole as your Board is
seeking to rebalance slightly the relative weight of the interim and
final dividends. The interim dividend will be paid on 23 August 2007
to Shareholders on the register on 27 July 2007. For Shareholders
participating in ASCoT's Dividend Reinvestment Plan (DRiP), the last
date for submission of Forms of Election is 1 August 2007. For those
Shareholders who wish to participate but are not already doing so,
details of the DRiP are available from Aberforth Partners LLP on
request, or from their website www.aberforth.co.uk.
In 2004, the Association of Investment Companies (AIC), together with
JPMorgan Claverhouse Investment Trust plc (Claverhouse), brought a
case against HM Revenue and Customs (HMRC) to challenge the current
imposition of VAT on management fees paid by investment trust
companies. The case was referred to the European Court of Justice and
its judgment was delivered on 28 June 2007 supporting the Claverhouse
and AIC position. Whilst we await HMRC's response to this judgment,
your Managers have submitted the necessary protective claims and
beyond this, your Board has agreed with your Managers that, dependent
on the final outcome, ASCoT will receive a refund of all VAT paid
since 1 January 2001 including all VAT previously offset by your
Managers. Certain VAT paid in relation to earlier periods may also be
recoverable pending the outcome of further legal appeals. We will
keep Shareholders updated with significant developments in these
matters.
Over the last few years the Alternative Investment Market (AIM) has
attracted a large number of companies and has enabled many to raise
funds. In previous years, ASCoT has not invested in AIM quoted
companies although it has continued to own shares for a period of time
in investee companies that have chosen to move from the "Full List" to
AIM so as to avoid being a forced seller of otherwise sound
investments. The trend of companies moving in that direction shows
some signs of reversing with a number of companies now seeing merit in
moving to the "Full List" from AIM. Your Board believes ASCoT should
be able to invest in such companies before they actually become fully
listed, but after they have committed to the move, and your Board has
authorised your Managers accordingly. It is unlikely such investments
will form a material part of ASCoT's portfolio, but they may,
nevertheless, prove rewarding.
At the Annual General Meeting, Shareholders renewed the authority for
your Company to buy in up to 14.99% of its Ordinary Shares. No shares
have been purchased to date. Your Board has established, and keeps
under careful review, the circumstances under which such authority
will be utilised. Should these circumstances arise, your Company will
seek to purchase Ordinary Shares. Any Ordinary Shares bought back
would be cancelled rather than held in treasury.
David R Shaw
Chairman
18 July 2007
MANAGERS' REPORT
The strong returns enjoyed by the HGSC (XIC) in the first half were
shared by many stockmarkets around the world. Indeed, several
indices, including the FTSE All-Share, S&P500 and DAX, recorded new
all-time highs. These were achieved despite a general environment of
tightening monetary conditions in many major economies and two
specific bouts of nervousness reminiscent of the risk aversion in the
middle of 2006.
The first wobble came in late February, when many asset classes -
including commodities, low grade corporate debt and equities - endured
sharp falls. While the Chinese stockmarket's 8% one day drop made the
headlines, the climate of greater risk aversion appeared to stem from
fears of contagion from the US sub-prime mortgage fiasco and from a 5%
rise in the yen against the dollar, which was perceived to jeopardise
the viability of leveraged investment strategies known as "carry
trades". However, with the dollar actually rising by 3.5% over the
first half as a whole, the yen's strength proved short-lived and the
immediate effects of the sub-prime meltdown appeared to have been
contained.
Duly emboldened, markets regained lost ground and advanced further
before encountering a second challenge in June, when large rises in US
government bond yields prompted similar reactions in other bond
markets including that of the UK. In contrast to events a year
earlier, the cause did not appear to be nervousness about uncontrolled
inflation: CPI data in the US proved unexciting and the gap between
conventional and index linked yields did not expand significantly.
Rather, the issue seemed to be a perception that real economic growth
was more resilient than previously thought and that interest rate
reductions later this year were therefore less likely. Apparently
confirming the lower probability of a recession, the increases in
longer bond yields removed the inversion in the US yield curve, so
that long term bond yields now sit above short term yields.
In the UK, monetary conditions also tightened over the first half as
the Bank of England increased interest rates and gilt yields moved up
sharply. However, in contrast to the US, the yield curve has remained
inverted, in response to the continued appetite of pension funds for
longer dated gilts and to the likelihood of further interest rate
rises this year. Expectation of such rises reflects concerns about
inflationary pressures, which in April necessitated an explanatory
letter from Mervyn King to Gordon Brown. These concerns are fuelled
by double digit broad money supply growth and a confident consumer
sector that, unlike that of the US, continues to revel in annual house
price appreciation of more than 10%.
INVESTMENT PERFORMANCE
As described by the Chairman, despite some weakness in June, small
companies enjoyed another period of good absolute returns, with the
HGSC (XIC) rising by 4.6% in total return terms. ASCoT succeeded in
out-performing with a 5.4% return. In this, it was aided by a
reversal of fortune with regard to sector selection. Last year, this
made a substantial negative contribution to relative performance since
ASCoT was heavily under-weight in four sectors - Oil & Gas Producers,
Mining, Real Estate and General Financials - that performed strongly.
In contrast, thus far in 2007, conviction in these under-weight
positions has been vindicated, particularly in Real Estate, which may
be feeling the effects of the tightening monetary conditions explained
above: having reduced ASCoT's relative performance by 114 basis points
over the whole of 2006, sector selection for Real Estate added 116
basis points in the first half of 2007.
Eating into the beneficial effects of sector selection was a negative
contribution from stock selection. The incidence of profit warnings,
which are inevitable in a 107 stock portfolio over a six month period,
was not uncommonly high. This in part reflects the continuation of
benign trading conditions. More relevant is the effect of your
Managers' consistent adherence to a value investment style, which was
not in step with the bull market conditions that prevailed in much of
the first half. A reluctance to expose the portfolio to companies
whose growth prospects are more than discounted in exaggerated
valuations proved particularly painful in two sectors.
Within the benchmark, Media and Software & Computer Services performed
strongly, rising by 11.3% and 13.5% respectively. In each case,
however, these returns were driven by a small number of companies,
typically also members of the FTSE 250, that over the first half were
taken from what your Managers already considered to be high ratings to
even higher valuations. They therefore eschewed these stocks,
preferring to invest further down the size spectrum in businesses on
more modest valuations but still with good, albeit less spectacular,
growth prospects. These two-speed sectors together accounted for more
than all the drag from stock selection experienced by the portfolio in
the first half.
De-equitisation, a term that describes the tendency over recent years
to replace equity financing with debt financing, continued. ASCoT
benefited, with four holdings taken over and another three in talks
with potential acquirers at the end of June. However, in contrast to
previous years, when takeover activity was concentrated within medium
sized companies, much of the action has taken place out of ASCoT's
reach within the large cap world. Underlying this shift is the strong
performance of the FTSE 250 over recent years, which has taken many of
its constituents to valuation levels above those of their larger peers
and that are now often too high to be refinanced substantially with
debt. Private equity firms have therefore been scrutinising larger
businesses and completed several substantial deals in the first half,
notably TXU for $45bn in the US and Alliance Boots for £11bn in the
UK. This pick-up in takeover activity among larger companies helps
explain the relative strength of the FTSE 100 against the FTSE 250 so
far this year, only the second half-year of large cap out-performance
since the end of 2002.
While larger companies may now be making the headlines in terms of
takeovers, de-equitisation in its less glamorous forms remains
relevant to small companies. Dividend growth continues to exceed
inflation by a substantial margin and indeed the long term average
achieved by equities. This is demonstrated by the following analysis
of ASCoT's portfolio of 107 companies at the end of June, a useful
cross-section of the small cap universe. Of those companies, it was
the policy of 22 not to pay a dividend, while a further 3 had been
listed for less than two years, preventing growth calculations. Of
the remaining 82, 5 cut their dividends, 9 left them unchanged and 68
reported increases. Of the 82, the median rate of dividend growth was
10%, though this median does not necessarily reflect ASCoT's actual
receipts, since it is diluted by the other 25 holdings and since the
portfolio is actively managed, with a specific rate of dividend growth
not targeted.
INVESTMENT OUTLOOK
Two years ago, Alan Greenspan described as a "conundrum" the
reluctance of long bond yields to respond to rising interest rates.
It would, however, seem that the recent rapid rise in bond yields has
gone some way to resolving that conundrum. An environment of higher
government bond yields and, by extension, tighter monetary conditions
may have profound implications for the valuation of other asset
classes, including equities. First, higher borrowing costs ought
eventually to have a dampening effect on economic activity and
eventually corporate profitability. Second, costlier debt undermines
the viability of highly leveraged investment activity that has driven
the fantastic returns of recent years. Third, as the risk free rate,
government bond yields are the basis for valuation of other asset
classes - higher yields should, other things being equal, imply lower
equity prices.
In the face of these influences, the initially insouciant reaction of
stockmarkets to the sell-off in bonds was surprising. It is, though,
perhaps a reaction to the brighter outlook for the real economy, and
by extension for corporate profitability, implied by a normalised US
yield curve and to hints that the sovereign wealth funds of East Asian
and oil-rich economies were looking to reduce bond exposures.
However, as the half year drew to a close, there were signs of tighter
credit conditions permeating the asset markets and greater risk
aversion developing. The failure of two hedge funds that had bet
heavily on bonds backed by sub-prime mortgages affected confidence,
seeming to serve as a reminder that the US housing market remains
troubled and will be an important influence on both real economic
activity and the financial markets as the year goes on. Moreover, the
market for leveraged loans is showing signs of strain, with several
scheduled corporate bond issues either re-priced or delayed.
Your Managers therefore retain a cautious stance and have oriented
ASCoT's portfolio accordingly. They remain reluctant to expose ASCoT
to parts of the market that trade on high valuations and that they
perceive to have benefited from inflow of speculative capital.
Accordingly, the portfolio retains a relatively low exposure to more
highly valued mid cap stocks and maintains significant under-weight
positions in Real Estate and Oil & Gas Producers. Moreover, the
portfolio has been biased towards companies with comparatively robust
balance sheets, which ought to afford a degree of defensiveness should
trading conditions deteriorate and can also offer scope for value
enhancement through de-equitisation.
30 June 2007 30 June 2006
Characteristics
ASCoT Benchmark ASCoT Benchmark
Number of Companies 107 487 115 560
Weighted Average Market Cap £500m £627m £381m £539m
Price Earnings Ratio (Historic) 16.9x 15.8x 16.6x 16.9x
Net Dividend Yield (Historic) 2.1% 2.0% 2.5% 2.2%
Dividend Cover (Historic) 2.8x 3.2x 2.4x 2.7x
With the return from cash, notwithstanding recent interest rate rises,
comparatively low, a corollary of the portfolio's skew to companies
with net cash on their balance sheets is an exaggerated PE, which, as
the table above demonstrates, was 7% higher than that of the benchmark
at the end of June. It is possible to look through this effect by
examining ratios of enterprise value to operating profits, which are
unaffected by how a company is funded. On this basis, ASCoT's
portfolio sat on a discount of almost 10% to the benchmark, rather
than the premium implied by PEs. Your Managers take comfort from this
valuation advantage, which they believe forms a sound foundation for
ASCoT's prospects.
Aberforth Partners LLP
Managers
18 July 2007
The Income Statement, Reconciliation of Movements in Shareholders'
Funds, Balance Sheet and the Cash Flow Statement are set out below:-
INCOME STATEMENT
For the six months ended 30 June 2007
(unaudited)
6 months to 6 months to
30 June 2007 30 June 2006
Revenue Capital Total Revenue Capital Total
£ 000 £ 000 £ 000 £ 000 £ 000 £ 000
Realised net gains on sales - 72,930 72,930 - 51,897 51,897
Movement in unrealised - (33,181) (33,181) - (25,342) (25,342)
appreciation
------ -------- -------- ------ ------- -------
Net gains on investments - 39,749 39,749 - 26,555 26,555
Dividend income 10,516 877 11,393 9,597 1,102 10,699
Interest income 191 - 191 360 - 360
Other income - - - 11 - 11
Investment management fee(1,487) (2,478) (3,965) (1,231) (2,052) (3,283)
Transaction costs - (2,624) (2,624) - (1,763) (1,763)
Other expenses (220) - (220) (203) - (203)
------ ------ ------- ------ ------ ------
Return on ordinary 9,000 35,524 44,524 8,534 23,842 3 2,376
activities before finance
costs and tax
Finance costs (35) (59) (94) - - -
------ ------- ------ ------ ------ ------
Return on ordinary 8,965 35,465 44,430 8,534 23,842 32,376
activities before tax
Tax on ordinary activities - - - - - -
------ ------- ------ ------ ------ ------
Return attributable to
equity shareholders 8,965 35,465 44,430 8,534 23,842 32,376
====== ====== ====== ====== ====== ======
Returns per Ordinary Share 9.07p 35.89p 44.96p 8.64p 24.13p 32.77p
The Board declared on 18 July 2007 an interim dividend of 4.70p per
Ordinary Share (30 June 2006 - 4.25p) and the total amount payable
will be £4,644,000 (30 June 2006 - £4,199,000). The Board also
declared on 22 January 2007 the final dividend in respect of the year
ended 31 December 2006 of 9.15p per Ordinary Share (30 June 2006 -
7.85p) and the total paid amounted to £9,041,000(30 June 2006 -
£7,757,000).
RECONCILIATION OF MOVEMENTS IN SHAREHOLDERS' FUNDS
(unaudited)
For the six months ended 30 June 2007
Capital Capital
Share Special reserve- reserve- Revenue
capital reserve realised unrealised reserve TOTAL
£ 000 £ 000 £ 000 £ 000 £ 000 £ 000
Balance as at
31 December 2006 988 197,305 367,212 239,622 28,204 833,331
Return on ordinary
activities after tax - - 68,646 (33,181) 8,965 44,430
Equity dividends paid - - - - (9,041) (9,041)
----- ------- ------- ------- ------ -------
Balance as at 988 197,305 435,858 206,441 28,128 868,720
30 June 2007
===== ======= ======= ======= ====== =======
For the six months ended 30 June 2006
Capital Capital
Share Special reserve- reserve- Revenue
capital reserve realised unrealised reserve TOTAL
£ 000 £ 000 £ 000 £ 000 £ 000 £ 000
Balance as at
31 December 2005 988 197,305 286,488 162,442 23,951 671,174
Return on ordinary
activities after tax - - 49,184 (25,342) 8,534 32,376
Equity dividends paid - - - - (7,757) (7,757)
----- ------- ------- ------- ------ -------
Balance as at 988 197,305 335,672 137,100 24,728 695,793
30 June 2006
===== ======= ======= ======= ====== =======
BALANCE SHEET
As at 30 June 2007
(unaudited)
31
30 June December 30 June
2007 2006 2006
£ 000 £ 000 £ 000
Fixed assets: investments
Investments at fair value 871,973 801,470 680,690
through profit or loss
---------- --------- ---------
Current assets
Amounts due from brokers 428 - 2,147
Other debtors 2,608 1,369 2,294
Cash at bank - 30,554 13,702
---------- --------- ---------
3,036 31,923 18,143
---------- --------- ---------
Creditors (amounts falling
due within one year)
Bank overdraft (1,185) - -
Amounts due to brokers (5,051) - (3,001)
Other creditors (53) (62) (39)
---------- --------- ---------
(6,289) (62) (3,040)
---------- --------- ---------
Net current (3,253) 31,861 15,103
(liabilities)/assets
---------- --------- ---------
Total assets less liabilities 868,720 833,331 695,793
========= ========= =========
Capital and reserves:
equity interests
Called up share capital 988 988 988
(Ordinary Shares)
Reserves:
Special reserve 197,305 197,305 197,305
Capital reserve -realised 435,858 367,212 335,672
Capital reserve -unrealised 206,441 239,622 137,100
Revenue reserve 28,128 28,204 24,728
--------- --------- ---------
868,720 833,331 695,793
========= ========= =========
Net Asset Value per Share 879.18p 843.37p 704.17p
Share Price 745.00p 723.00p 619.00p
CASH FLOW STATEMENT
For the six months ended 30 June 2007
(unaudited)
6 months 6 months
to 30 June to 30 June
2007 2006
£ 000 £ 000 £ 000 £ 000
Net cash inflow from 6,146 6,522
operating activities
Returns on investment and (89) -
servicing of finance
Capital expenditure and
financial investment
Payments to acquire investments (200,238) (135,374)
Receipts from sales of 171,483 140,044
investments
------- -------
Net cash (outflow)/inflow from capital
expenditure and financial investment (28,755) 4,670
------ ------
(22,698) 11,192
Equity dividends paid (9,041) (7,757)
------ ------
(31,739) 3,435
Financing - -
------ ------
Change in cash during the period (31,739) 3,435
====== ======
Reconciliation of net return
before finance costs and
taxation to net cash inflow
from operating activities
Net return before finance 44,524 32,376
costs and taxation
Gains on investments (39,749) (26,555)
Transaction costs 2,624 1,763
Increase in debtors (1,239) (1,040)
Decrease in creditors (14) (22)
------ ------
Net cash inflow from 6,146 6,522
operating activities
====== ======
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
1. ACCOUNTING STANDARDS
The financial statements have been prepared under the historical cost convention, as modified
to include the revaluation of investments and in accordance with applicable accounting standards
and the AIC's Statement of Recommended Practice "Financial Statements of Investment Trust
Companies" issued in 2005. The total column of the Income Statement is the profit and loss
account of the Company. All revenue and capital items in the Income Statement are derived from
continuing operations. No operations were acquired or discontinued in the period.
The same accounting policies used for the year ended 31 December 2006 have been applied.
2.DIVIDENDS
Six Six
months ended months ended
30 June 30 June
2007 2006
£'000 £'000
Amounts recognised as distributions to equity holders in the period:
Final Dividend of 9.15p paid on 7 March 2007 (2006 - 7.85p paid on
7 March 2006) 9,041 7,757 7,757
----- ------
An interim dividend of 4.70p (2006 - 4.25p) will be paid on 23 August 2007 to shareholders
on the register on 27 July 2007.
3. RETURNS PER ORDINARY SHARE
The calculations of the revenue return per Ordinary Share are based on net revenue of £8,965,000
(30 June 2006 - £8,534,000) and on Ordinary Shares of 98,809,788. The calculations of the capital
return per Ordinary Share are based on net gains of £35,465,000 (30 June 2006 - £23,842,000) and
on Ordinary Shares of 98,809,788.
4. NET ASSET VALUES
The net asset value per share and the net assets attributable to the Ordinary Shares at each
period end are calculated in accordance with their entitlements in the Articles of Association
and were as follows:
30 June 31 December 30 June
2007 2006 2006
Pence Pence Pence
Net asset value attributable per Ordinary Share 879.18 843.37 704.17
£000 £000 £000
Net assets attributable 868,720 833,331 695,793
As at 30 June 2007, the Company had 98,809,788 Ordinary Shares in issue (31 December 2006 and
30 June 2006 - same).
5. FURTHER INFORMATION
The foregoing do not comprise statutory accounts (as defined in section 240(5) of the Companies
Act 1985) of the Company. The statutory accounts for the year ended 31 December 2006, which
contained an unqualified Report of the Auditors, have been lodged with the Registrar of Companies
and did not contain a statement required under section 237(2) or (3) of the Companies Act 1985.
The Interim Report is expected to be posted to shareholders on 23 July 2007. Members of the
public may obtain copies from Aberforth Partners LLP, 14 Melville Street, Edinburgh EH3 7NS or
from its website at www.aberforth.co.uk.
CONTACT: David Warnock · Aberforth Partners LLP · 0131 220 0733
Aberforth Partners LLP, Secretaries - 18 July 2007
ANNOUNCEMENT ENDS