Half-yearly report
ABERFORTH GEARED CAPITAL & INCOME TRUST plc
INTERIM RESULTS
For the six months to 30 June 2007
FEATURES
Total Assets Total Return +7.6%
Net Asset Value of Capital Shares (Note 1) +10.3%
First Interim Dividend 3.8p [+8.6%]
Note 1: The asset performance of the Capital Shares assumes that
Income Shares have a capital entitlement of 100p each.
CHAIRMAN'S STATEMENT TO SHAREHOLDERS
RESULTS REVIEW
For the six months to 30 June 2007, Aberforth Geared Capital &
Income Trust plc (AGCiT) achieved a total return on total
assets of 7.6%.
The FTSE All-Share Index showed a total return of 7.6% while
the Hoare Govett Smaller Companies Index (Excluding Investment
Companies) (HGSC (XIC)), representative of AGCiT's smaller
company opportunity base, generated a total return of 4.6%.
The Net Asset Value of a Capital Share has risen by 10.3% to
799.1p, assuming the 100p prior charge of the Income Shares is
deducted.
The positive returns from the UK equity market have thus
allowed AGCiT's geared structure to work to the benefit of
all Shareholders. However,it is worthy of note that the six
months under review have been the first half year period since
the second half of 2004 in which the HGSC (XIC) has recorded a
poorer performance than the FTSE All-Share Index,
representative of larger companies.
Your Board is pleased to announce a first interim dividend of
3.80p per Income Share which represents an increase of 8.6%
over the 3.50p paid in respect of the equivalent period in
2006. This rate of increase broadly reflects the underlying
growth in dividends from AGCiT's portfolio. The dividend will
be paid on 23 August 2007 to Income Shareholders on the
register on 27 July 2007.
In 2004, the Association of Investment Companies (AIC),
together with JPMorgan Claverhouse Investment Trust plc
(Claverhouse), brought a case against HM Revenue and Customs
(HMRC) to challenge the current imposition of VAT on
management fees paid by investment trust companies. The case
was referred to the European Court of Justice and its judgment
was delivered on 28 June 2007 supporting the Claverhouse and
AIC position. Whilst we await HMRC's response to this
judgment, your Managers have submitted the necessary
protective claims such that, dependent on the final outcome,
AGCiT will receive a refund of all VAT paid on Investment
Management fees since the inception of the Company including
all VAT previously offset by your Managers. We will endeavour
to keep Shareholders updated with any developments in this
matter.
Over the last few years the Alternative Investment Market
(AIM) has attracted a large number of companies and has
enabled many to raise funds. Although AGCiT has not actually
purchased investments in AIM quoted companies it has continued
to hold shares in investee companies that have chosen to move
from the "Full List" to AIM so as to avoid being a forced
seller of otherwise sound investments. The trend of companies
moving to AIM shows some signs of reversing with a number of
companies now seeing merit in moving to the "Full List" from
AIM. Your Board believes AGCiT should be able to invest in
such companies before they actually become fully listed, but
after they have committed to the move, and has so authorised
your Managers. It is unlikely such investments will form a
material part of AGCiT's portfolio but they may nevertheless
prove rewarding.
The six months under review have seen a volatile performance
from the UK equity market which recovered from a sharp setback
in February only to be challenged by a sudden and significant
rise in bond yields on a global basis during May and June.
There has subsequently been a noticeable change in stockmarket
leadership in the UK with the more highly rated FTSE 250 "Mid
Cap" Index underperforming the FTSE 100 Index.
It remains to be seen how the effects of rising funding costs
permeate equity markets. The immediate effect has been to
create a greater level of uncertainty. However, I am
reassured that in the past your Managers' value discipline has
served Shareholders well in more uncertain stockmarket
environments and recent relative performance would confirm
that this continues to be the case.
Alastair C Dempster
Chairman
18 July 2007
MANAGERS' REPORT
INVESTMENT BACKGROUND
The strong returns enjoyed by the HGSC (XIC) in the first half
were shared by many stockmarkets around the world. Indeed,
several indices, including the FTSE All-Share, S&P500 and DAX,
recorded new all-time highs. These were achieved despite a
general environment of tightening monetary conditions in many
major economies and two specific bouts of nervousness
reminiscent of the risk aversion in the middle of 2006.
The first wobble came in late February, when many asset
classes - including commodities, low grade corporate debt and
equities - endured sharp falls. While the Chinese
stockmarket's 8% one day drop made the headlines, the climate
of greater risk aversion appeared to stem from fears of
contagion from the US sub-prime mortgage fiasco and from a 5%
rise in the yen against the dollar, which was perceived to
jeopardise the viability of leveraged investment strategies
known as "carry trades". However, with the dollar actually
rising by 3.5% over the first half as a whole, the yen's
strength proved short-lived and the immediate effects of the
sub-prime meltdown appeared to have been contained.
Duly emboldened, markets regained lost ground and advanced
further before encountering a second challenge in June, when
large rises in US government bond yields prompted similar
reactions in other bond markets including that of the UK. In
contrast to events a year earlier, the cause did not appear to
be nervousness about uncontrolled inflation: CPI data in the
US proved unexciting and the gap between conventional and
index linked yields did not expand significantly. Rather, the
issue seemed to be a perception that real economic growth was
more resilient than previously thought and that interest rate
reductions later this year were therefore less likely.
Apparently confirming the lower probability of a recession,
the increases in longer bond yields removed the inversion in
the US yield curve, so that long term bond yields now sit
above short term yields.
In the UK, monetary conditions also tightened over the first
half as the Bank of England increased interest rates and gilt
yields moved up sharply. However, in contrast to the US, the
yield curve has remained inverted, in response to the
continued appetite of pension funds for longer dated gilts and
to the likelihood of further interest rate rises this year.
Expectation of such rises reflects concerns about inflationary
pressures, which in April necessitated an explanatory letter
from Mervyn King to Gordon Brown. These concerns are fuelled
by double digit broad money supply growth and a confident
consumer sector that, unlike that of the US, continues to
revel in annual house price appreciation of more than 10%.
INVESTMENT PERFORMANCE
As described by the Chairman, despite some weakness in June,
small companies enjoyed another period of good absolute
returns, with the HGSC (XIC) rising by 4.6% in total return
terms. AGCiT succeeded in out-performing with a 7.6% return
at the total assets level. In this, it was aided by a
reversal of fortune with regard to sector selection. Last
year, this made a substantial negative contribution to
relative performance since AGCiT was heavily under-weight in
four sectors - Oil & Gas Producers, Mining, Real Estate and
General Financials - that performed strongly. In contrast,
thus far in 2007, conviction in these under-weight positions
has been vindicated, particularly in Real Estate, which may be
feeling the effects of the tightening monetary conditions
explained above: having reduced AGCiT's relative performance
by 195 basis points over the whole of 2006, sector selection
for Real Estate added 189 basis points in the first half of
2007.
Eating into the beneficial effects of sector selection was a
negative contribution from stock selection. The incidence of
profit warnings, which are inevitable in an 86 stock portfolio
over a six month period, was not uncommonly high. This in
part reflects the continuation of benign trading conditions.
More relevant is the effect of your Managers' consistent
adherence to a value investment style, which was not in step
with the bull market conditions that prevailed in much of the
first half. A reluctance to expose the portfolio to companies
whose growth prospects are more than discounted in exaggerated
valuations proved particularly painful in two sectors.
Within the HGSC (XIC), Media and Software & Computer Services
performed strongly, rising by 11.3% and 13.5% respectively.
In each case, however, these returns were driven by a small
number of companies, typically also members of the FTSE 250,
that over the first half were taken from what your Managers
already considered to be high ratings to even higher
valuations. They therefore eschewed these stocks, preferring
to invest further down the size spectrum in businesses on more
modest valuations but still with good, albeit less
spectacular, growth prospects. These two-speed sectors
together accounted for more than all the drag from stock
selection experienced by the portfolio in the first half.
De-equitisation, a term that describes the tendency over
recent years to replace equity financing with debt financing,
continued. AGCiT benefited, with three holdings taken over
and another two in talks with potential acquirers at the end
of June. However, in contrast to previous years, when
takeover activity was concentrated within medium sized
companies, much of the action has taken place out of AGCiT's
reach within the large cap world. Underlying this shift is
the strong performance of the FTSE 250 over recent years,
which has taken many of its constituents to valuation levels
above those of their larger peers and that are now often too
high to be refinanced substantially with debt. Private equity
firms have therefore been scrutinising larger businesses and
completed several substantial deals in the first half, notably
TXU for $45bn in the US and Alliance Boots for £11bn in the
UK. This pick-up in takeover activity among larger companies
helps explain the relative strength of the FTSE 100 against
the FTSE 250 so far this year, only the second half-year of
large cap out-performance since the end of 2002.
While larger companies may now be making the headlines in
terms of takeovers, de-equitisation in its less glamorous
forms remains relevant to small companies. Dividend growth
continues to exceed inflation by a substantial margin and
indeed the long term average achieved by equities. This is
demonstrated by the following analysis of AGCiT's portfolio of
86 companies at the end of June, a useful cross-section of the
small cap universe. Of those companies, it was the current
policy of 4 not to pay a dividend, while a further 3 had been
listed for less than two years, preventing growth
calculations. Of the remaining 79, 4 cut their dividends, 8
left them unchanged and 67 reported increases. Of the 79, the
median rate of dividend growth was 10%, though this median
does not necessarily reflect AGCiT's actual receipts, since it
is diluted by the other 7 holdings and since the portfolio is
actively managed, with a specific rate of dividend growth not
targeted.
INVESTMENT OUTLOOK
Two years ago, Alan Greenspan described as a "conundrum" the
reluctance of long bond yields to respond to rising interest
rates. It would, however, seem that the recent rapid rise in
bond yields has gone some way to resolving that conundrum. An
environment of higher government bond yields and, by
extension, tighter monetary conditions may have profound
implications for the valuation of other asset classes,
including equities. First, higher borrowing costs ought
eventually to have a dampening effect on economic activity and
eventually corporate profitability. Second, costlier debt
undermines the viability of highly leveraged investment
activity that has driven the fantastic returns of recent
years. Third, as the risk free rate, government bond yields
are the basis for valuation of other asset classes - higher
yields should, other things being equal, imply lower equity
prices.
In the face of these influences, the initially insouciant
reaction of stockmarkets to the sell-off in bonds was
surprising. It is, though, perhaps a reaction to the brighter
outlook for the real economy, and by extension for corporate
profitability, implied by a normalised US yield curve and to
hints that the sovereign wealth funds of East Asian and oil-
rich economies were looking to reduce bond exposures.
However, as the half year drew to a close, there were signs of
tighter credit conditions permeating the asset markets and
greater risk aversion developing. The failure of two hedge
funds that had bet heavily on bonds backed by sub-prime
mortgages affected confidence, seeming to serve as a reminder
that the US housing market remains troubled and will be an
important influence on both real economic activity and the
financial markets as the year goes on. Moreover, the market
for leveraged loans is showing shown signs of strain, with
several scheduled corporate bond issues either re-priced or
delayed.
Your Managers therefore retain a cautious stance and have
oriented AGCIT's portfolio accordingly. They remain reluctant
to expose AGCiT to parts of the market that trade on high
valuations and that they perceive to have benefited from
inflow of speculative capital. Accordingly, the portfolio
retains a relatively low exposure to more highly valued mid
cap stocks and maintains significant under-weight positions in
Real Estate and Oil & Gas Producers. Moreover, the portfolio
has been biased towards companies with comparatively robust
balance sheets, which ought to afford a degree of
defensiveness should trading conditions deteriorate and can
also offer scope for value enhancement through de-
equitisation.
30 June 2007 30 June 2006
Characteristics AGCiT HGSC AGCiT HGSC
(XIC) (XIC)
Number of Companies 86 487 87 560
Weighted Average £467m £627m £397m £539m
Market
Capitalisation
Price Earnings 16.5x 15.8x 15.7x 16.9x
Ratio (Historic)
Net Dividend Yield 2.5% 2.0% 3.1% 2.2%
(Historic)
Dividend Cover 2.4x 3.2x 2.1x 2.7x
(Historic)
With the return from cash, notwithstanding recent interest
rate rises, comparatively low, a corollary of the portfolio's
skew to companies with net cash on their balance sheets is an
exaggerated PE, which, as the table above demonstrates, was 4%
higher than that of the HGSC (XIC) at the end of June. It is
possible to look through this effect by examining ratios of
enterprise value to operating profits, which are unaffected by
how a company is funded. On this basis, AGCiT's portfolio sat
on a discount of over 10% to the HGSC (XIC), rather than the
premium implied by PEs. Your Managers take comfort from this
valuation advantage, which they believe forms a sound
foundation for AGCiT's prospects.
Aberforth Partners LLP
Managers
18 July 2007
The Income Statement, Reconciliation of Movements in
Shareholders Funds, Balance Sheet and Cash Flow Statement are
set out below: -
INCOME STATEMENT
For the six months ended 30 June 2007
(unaudited)
6 months to 6 months to
30 June 2007 30 June 2006
Revenue Capital Total Revenue Capital Total
£'000 £'000 £'000 £'000 £'000 £'000
Realised net gains - 12,766 12,766 - 9,957 9,957
on sales
Movement in - (4,409) (4,409) - (5,094) (5,094)
unrealised
appreciation
----- ------ ------ ----- ------ ------
Net gains on - 8,357 8,357 - 4,863 4,863
investments
Dividend income 2,039 176 2,215 1,988 251 2,239
Interest income 1 - 1 3 - 3
Investment (183) (426) (609) (146) (340) (486)
management fee
Transaction costs - (433) (433) - (286) (286)
Other expenses (108) - (108) (98) - (98)
----- ------ ------ ----- ------ ------
Net return before 1,749 7,674 9,423 1,747 4,488 6,235
finance costs and
taxation
Finance costs:
Interest (343) (803) (1,146) (327) (762) (1,089)
Change in fair - 958 958 - 957 957
valuation of
interest rate swap
----- ------ ------ ----- ------ ------
1,406 7,829 9,235 1,420 4,683 6,103
Finance costs:
Dividends on (1,446) - (1,446)(1,321) - (1,321)
Income Shares
classified as
financial
liabilities
----- ------ ------ ----- ------ ------
Return on ordinary (40) 7,829 7,789 99 4,683 4,782
activities before
tax
Tax on ordinary - - - - - -
activities
----- ------ ------ ----- ------ ------
Return (40) 7,829 7,789 99 4,683 4,782
attributable to ===== ====== ====== ===== ====== ======
equity
shareholders
Returns per Share:
Income Share 5.73p - 5.73p 5.79p - 5.79p
Capital Share - 74.57p 74.57p - 44.61p 44.61p
The Board declared, on 18 July 2007, a first interim dividend
for the year to 31 December 2007 of 3.80p per Income Share
(2006 - 3.50p) and the total cost of the first interim
dividend will be £931,000 (2006 - £858,000). The Board also
declared, on 24 January 2007, a second interim dividend in
respect of the year ended 31 December 2006 of 5.90p per Income
Share (2006 - 5.39p) and the total cost of the second interim
dividend amounted to £1,446,000 (2006 - £1,321,000).
RECONCILIATION OF MOVEMENTS IN SHAREHOLDERS' FUNDS
(unaudited)
For the six months ended 30 June 2007
Capital Capital Capital
Share Redemp Special Reserve Reserve Revenue
Capital Res. Reserve Real. Unreal. Reserve Total
£'000 £'000 £'000 £'000 £'000 £'000 £'000
Equity 105 50 9,674 24,587 41,660 2,362 78,438
shareholders'
funds as at
31 December
2006
Return - - - 11,280 (3,451) (40) 7,789
attributable
to equity
shareholders
--- --- ----- ------ ------ ----- ------
Equity 105 50 9,674 35,867 38,209 2,322 86,227
shareholders'=== === ===== ====== ====== ===== ======
funds as at
30 June 2007
For the six months ended 30 June 2006
Capital Capital Capital
Share Redemp Special Reserve Reserve Revenue
Capital Res. Reserve Real. Unreal. Reserve Total
£'000 £'000 £'000 £'000 £'000 £'000 £'000
Equity 105 50 9,674 10,450 28,852 1,954 51,085
shareholders'
funds as at
31 December
2005
Return - - - 8,820 (4,137) 99 4,782
attributable
to equity
shareholders
--- --- ----- ------ ------ ----- ------
Equity 105 50 9,674 19,270 24,715 2,053 55,867
shareholders'=== === ===== ====== ====== ===== ======
funds as at
30 June 2006
BALANCE SHEET
As at 30 June 2007
(unaudited)
30 31 30
June December June
2007 2006 2006
£'000 £'000 £'000
Fixed Assets: Investments 145,421 133,087 112,351
at fair value through ------- ------- -------
profit or loss
Current assets
Amounts due from brokers 39 - 206
Other debtors 1,351 286 495
Cash at bank - 1 -
------- ------- -------
1,390 287 701
------- ------- -------
Creditors (amounts falling
due within one year)
Bank overdraft (1,019) - -
Amounts due to brokers (745) - (598)
Other creditors (62) (56) (40)
------- ------- -------
(1,826) (56) (638)
------- ------- -------
Net current (liabilities) / (436) 231 63
assets ------- ------- -------
TOTAL ASSETS LESS CURRENT 144,985 133,318 112,414
LIABILITIES
Creditors (amounts falling (58,758) (54,880) (56,547)
due after more than one
year) (Note 5)
------- ------- -------
TOTAL NET ASSETS 86,227 78,438 55,867
======= ======= =======
CAPITAL AND RESERVES:
EQUITY INTERESTS
Called up share capital:
Capital shares 105 105 105
Reserves:
Capital redemption 50 50 50
reserve
Special reserve 9,674 9,674 9,674
Capital reserve - 35,867 24,587 19,270
realised
Capital reserve - 38,209 41,660 24,715
unrealised
Revenue reserve 2,322 2,362 2,053
------- ------- -------
TOTAL EQUITY 86,227 78,438 55,867
======= ======= =======
Net Asset Values:
per Capital Share (Note 4) 846.25p 777.91p 572.22p
per Income Share (Note 4) 89.27p 86.77p 82.79p
NOTE:
Income shares are classified as financial liabilities and are
accounted for within Creditors in the Balance Sheet.
CASH FLOW STATEMENT
For the six months ended 30 June 2007
(unaudited)
6 months to 6 months to
30 June 30 June
2007 2006
£'000 £'000 £'000 £'000
Net cash inflow from 1,257 1,412
operating activities
Returns on investments and
servicing of finance
Interest and other finance (1,130) (1,097)
costs paid
Dividends paid (1,446) (1,321)
----- -----
Net cash outflow from
returns on investments
and servicing of finance (2,576) (2,418)
Capital expenditure and
financial investment
Payments to acquire (33,284) (21,239)
investments
Receipts from sales of 29,581 25,553
investments ------ ------
Net cash (outflow) / inflow
from capital
expenditure and financial (3,703) 4,314
investment ----- -----
Net cash (outflow) / inflow (5,022) 3,308
before financing activities
Financing
Flexible loans drawndown / 4,002 (2,675)
(repaid) ----- -----
Net cash inflow / (outflow) 4,002 (2,675)
from financing
----- -----
Change in cash during the (1,020) 633
period ===== =====
Reconciliation of net return
before finance costs and
taxation to net cash inflow
from operating activities
Net return before finance 9,423 6,235
costs and taxation
Net gains on investments (8,357) (4,863)
Transaction costs 433 286
Increase in debtors (236) (225)
Decrease in creditors (6) (21)
----- -----
Net cash inflow from 1,257 1,412
operating activities ===== =====
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
1. ACCOUNTING STANDARDS
The financial statements have been prepared under the
historical cost convention, as modified to include the
revaluation of investments and in accordance with applicable
accounting standards and the AIC's Statement of Recommended
Practice "Financial Statements of Investment Trust Companies"
issued in 2005. The total column of the Income Statement is
the profit and loss account of the Company. All revenue and
capital items in the Income Statement are derived from
continuing operations. No operations were acquired or
discontinued in the period.
The same accounting policies used for the year ended 31
December 2006 have been applied.
2. FINANCE COSTS: DIVIDENDS ON INCOME SHARES CLASSIFIED AS
FINANCIAL LIABILITIES
Six Six
months months
ended 30 ended 30
June 2007 June 2006
£'000 £'000
Amounts recognised as
distributions to Income
Shareholders in the period:
Second Interim Dividend for the 1,446 1,321
year to 31 December 2006 of
5.90p paid on 22 February 2007
(2006 - 5.39p paid on 23
February 2006)
A first Interim Dividend for the year to 31 December
2007 of 3.80p (2006 - 3.50p) will be paid on 23
August 2007 to Income Shareholders on the register
on 27 July 2007.
3. RETURNS PER SHARE
The calculations of the revenue return per Income Share are
based on net revenue of £1,406,000 (30 June 2006 - £1,420,000)
and on 24.5 million Income Shares. The calculations of the
capital return per Capital Share are based on net capital
gains of £7,829,000 (30 June 2006 - £4,683,000) and on 10.5
million Capital Shares
4. NET ASSET VALUE
Total net assets have been calculated in accordance with the
provisions of Financial Reporting Standard 4. Income Shares
are classified as financial liabilities and are carried on
the balance sheet at their fair value of 100p each which
results in a total fair valuation of the Income Shares of
£24,500,000. This valuation does not reflect the rights of
the Income Shares under the Articles of Association on a
return of assets. Set out below is a reconciliation of the
Capital Share net asset value on the basis of Income Shares
at 100p each and a reconciliation of Capital and Income share
net asset values in accordance with the Articles.
Net Asset Value of Capital Shares (based on Income Shares at
100p)
As at As at As at
30 June 31 Dec 30 June
2007 2006 2006
£'000 £'000 £'000
Total net assets 86,227 78,438 55,867
Revenue reserve (2,322) (2,362) (2,053)
------ ------ ------
Net Asset Value 83,905 76,076 53,814
of Capital ====== ====== ======
Shares
Number of 10,500,000 10,500,000 10,500,000
Capital shares
NAV per Capital 799.10p 724.53p 512.51p
Share (Income
Shares at 100p)
Net Asset Value of Capital Shares and Income Shares (Articles
Basis)
Capital Income Total
Shares Shares
£'000 £'000 £'000
Total net 86,227 - 86,227
assets as at 30
June 2007
Revenue reserve (2,322) 2,322 -
Capital - 24,500 24,500
entitlement of
Income Shares
at 31 March
2011 (valuation
of Income
Shares
disclosed
within
Creditors)
Adjustment to 4,951 (4,951) -
reflect capital
entitlement not
yet transferred
to Income
Shareholders in
accordance with
Articles
------ ------ -------
Net assets per 88,856 21,871 110,727
Articles as at ====== ====== =======
30 June 2007
Number of 10,500,000 24,500,000
shares
NAV per share 846.25p 89.27p
(Articles)
5. CREDITORS: AMOUNTS FALLING DUE AFTER MORE THAN ONE YEAR
30 June 31 Dec 30 June
2007 2006 2006
£'000 £'000 £'000
Loan facility 4,300 297 1,625
LIBOR loan 30,000 30,000 30,000
facility
Less: (42) (46) (51)
unamortised
issue costs
Income shares 24,500 24,500 24,500
Interest rate - 129 473
swap
------ ------ ------
58,758 54,880 56,547
====== ====== ======
6. FURTHER INFORMATION
The foregoing do not comprise statutory accounts (as defined
in section 240(5) of the Companies Act 1985) of the Company.
The statutory accounts for the period to 31 December 2006,
which contained an unqualified Report of the Auditors, have
been lodged with the Registrar of Companies and did not
contain a statement required under section 237(2) or (3) of
the Companies Act 1985.
The Interim Report is expected to be posted to shareholders in
the week commencing 23 July 2007. Members of the public may
obtain copies from Aberforth Partners LLP, 14 Melville Street,
Edinburgh EH3 7NS or from its website at www.aberforth.co.uk.
CONTACT: David Ross Aberforth Partners LLP
0131 220 0733
Aberforth Partners LLP, Secretaries - 18 July 2007
ANNOUNCEMENT ENDS