Doc re. Annual Report

RNS Number : 9441T

BAE SYSTEMS PLC

30 March 2021

BAE Systems plc

Annual Report 2020

BAE Systems plc has today published its Annual Report and Accounts for the year ended 31 December 2020 ('Annual Report 2020'). The full document can be viewed on the Company's website at: www.baesystems.com/investors

Copies of the Annual Report 2020 will be posted to those shareholders who have requested to receive communications from the Company in printed form.

In compliance with Section 9.6.1 of the Listing Rules, a copy of the Annual Report 2020 has also been submitted to the National Storage Mechanism and will shortly be available for inspection at: https://data.fca.org.uk/#/nsm/nationalstoragemechanism .

This announcement contains regulated information issued in accordance with Section 6.3 of the Financial Conduct Authority's Disclosure Guidance and Transparency Rules and accordingly contains certain sections of the Annual Report 2020 in unedited full text. Page and chart references within the text of this announcement are references to pages and charts in the Annual Report 2020 that can be viewed as detailed above.

The financial information for the year ended 31 December 2020 contained in this announcement was approved by the Board on 24 February 2021. This announcement does not constitute statutory accounts of the Company within the meaning of Section 435 of the Companies Act 2006, but is derived from those accounts.

Statutory accounts for the year ended 31 December 2019 have been delivered to the Registrar of Companies. Statutory accounts for the year ended 31 December 2020 will be delivered to the Registrar of Companies in due course.

The auditor has reported on those accounts. Its reports were not qualified, did not include a reference to any matters to which the auditor drew attention by way of emphasis without qualifying its report, and did not contain a statement under Section 498 (2) or (3) of the Companies Act 2006.

The Annual Report 2020 contains the following responsibility statement:

Responsibility statement of the directors in respect of the Annual Report and financial statements

Each of the directors listed below confirms that to the best of their knowledge:

· the financial statements, prepared in accordance with the applicable set of accounting standards, give a true and fair view of the assets, liabilities, financial position and profit or loss of the Company, and the undertakings included in the consolidation taken as a whole; and

· the Strategic report and Directors' report, taken together, include a fair review of the development and performance of the business, and the position of the Company and the undertakings included in the consolidation taken as a whole, together with a description of the principal risks and uncertainties that they face.

In addition, each of the directors considers that the Annual Report, taken as a whole, is fair, balanced and understandable, and provides the information necessary for shareholders to assess the Company's position and performance, business model and strategy.

Sir Roger Carr	Chairman
Charles Woodburn	Chief Executive
Tom Arseneault	President & Chief Executive Officer of BAE Systems, Inc.
Brad Greve	Group Finance Director
Nick Anderson	Non-executive director
Dame Elizabeth Corley	Non-executive director
Jane Griffiths	Non-executive director
Chris Grigg	Non-executive director
Stephen Pearce	Non-executive director
Nicole Piasecki	Non-executive director
Ian Tyler	Non-executive director

On behalf of the Board

Sir Roger Carr

Chairman

24 February 2021

Chief Executive's review

"Through a continuous drive on operational performance and with progress on our strategic objectives we are well placed to deliver a long-term sustainable business and generate shareholder value."

Charles Woodburn Chief Executive

During 2020, we have been resilient and agile in managing our response to the challenges created by the COVID-19 pandemic. As we faced up to the global pandemic, we focused on protecting our employees and helping the communities in which we operate, as well as ensuring continued support for our customers. We entered the year in a position of strength, and addressed the pandemic-related challenges whilst also completing two major strategic actions in the year: firstly, the two US-based acquisitions; and secondly, accelerating payments into the UK pension scheme. I am very proud of the response of our businesses and the outstanding efforts of our employees in these challenging times.

Demand for our capabilities remains high and we recognise our role not only in supporting national security, but also in contributing to the economic prosperity of the countries in which we operate.

Through a continuous drive on operational performance and with progress on our strategic objectives we are well placed to deliver a long-term sustainable business and generate shareholder value.

Overview

BAE Systems delivered a strong and resilient set of results in the face of a global pandemic, with higher year-on-year orders, sales, profit and free cash flow¹, thanks to the outstanding efforts of our employees. Pandemic-related disruptions did impact profit in the first half of the year but the second half was stronger, enabling the Company to deliver higher year-on-year profit.

Our strategy remains consistent and is delivering results. We completed two key strategic actions in the year, which should benefit our outlook in the short and long term. Firstly, two acquisitions for a combined $2.2bn (£1.7bn) were announced and completed in the US. The Military Global Positioning System and Airborne Tactical Radios business acquisitions were opportunistic, arising from the Raytheon and United Technologies merger. Both are strategically attractive, complementary to our Electronic Systems portfolio and represent unique opportunities to purchase high-quality, technology-based businesses with market-leading capabilities and long histories of innovation in their respective fields. We were delighted to welcome the employees from these businesses into BAE Systems. The businesses are performing well and the integrations are progressing smoothly, benefiting from positive levels of engagement by the teams. Secondly, we made a £1bn one-off cash injection into the UK pension scheme, to accelerate the deficit reduction and give increased certainty to all our stakeholders. From a business perspective, it is anticipated this will give us additional cash flow looking forward and therefore opportunities for further generation of shareholder value.

BAE Systems has proven to be a resilient company and has long-term strength from its programmes, technologies, customer relationships and sustainability agenda. The Group maintained its strong sales balance between production and aftermarket services. The geographic mix of the business continued to evolve as our US business grew and our UK and Kingdom of Saudi Arabia revenues remained stable. The geographic mix and reach, the programme spread and longevity of the positions which mean we are not dependent on a small number of programmes, are key factors in our resilience and also the strength of our outlook.

1. Excluding the £1bn UK pension scheme contribution.

Our response to COVID-19

The safety and wellbeing of our employees is paramount and it was our primary consideration as we managed our response to the global pandemic. The professionalism, agility and understanding of our employees, customers, trades unions and suppliers was outstanding, as we embarked on the implementation of new working practices such as scaled-up home-working capabilities, reconfigured floorplans, shift patterns, enhanced cleaning regimes and other appropriate safe working measures.

By taking these actions to build in resilience for a prolonged period of disruption, we were able to continue to deliver critical work for our customers and, where operations were impacted, ensure that site-critical workers were able to safely return to work. These actions and ways of working have endured into 2021 with the reintroduction of lockdown measures in many of our locations.

We coordinated closely with our supply chains to mitigate disruptions where possible and maintain resilience, in some cases advancing payments where required. Overall the response up and down the supply chains was outstanding.

Support for the defence industry from the governments in our key markets has been exceptional around prioritisation of capabilities, cash flows, recognition of the need to maintain strong supply chains and collaborative working to maintain critical defence and security programmes.

We in turn looked to help our customers by being agile in our working practices to deliver critical work and, where needed, prioritising the social needs of our governments and communities as we all responded to the challenges arising from the pandemic.

Throughout the crisis, we supported governments and communities in the countries where we operate as they responded to the pandemic. We deployed our 3D printing capabilities and collaborated with our supply chain to donate more than 150,000 items of Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) to healthcare workers in the US and the UK. We are proud to have supported ventilator production as part of the VentilatorChallengeUK consortium. We also supported our communities in our principal markets through the provision of online educational resources for young people, as well as financial support to healthcare providers and local charities to enable them to provide care packages and food relief to the most vulnerable. Much of our outreach work has been supported by our employees who volunteered their time and skills to help local relief efforts. I am exceptionally proud of how our people and the business have responded, it was truly inspiring.

Evolving to a sustainable business

Sustainability is important to us and our stakeholders. We recognise that the way we do business and the actions and behaviours we demonstrate are vital for the future strength of our business. The long-term outlook for the Company and the defence industry means we need to anticipate change and ensure that we can continue to improve upon what we do today, and into the future. We are committed to building a sustainable future by having a clear sustainability agenda focused on valuing and developing our people, making a positive social and economic contribution to our communities, developing innovative technology and collaborating with our supply chains and reducing the environmental impacts of our operations and products. We have set ourselves the target of achieving net zero greenhouse gas emissions across our operations by 2030. All of these are underpinned by sound governance at the core of our business. We will continue to review ways to integrate sustainability practices holistically into our business, driven through, and aligned with, our strategic objectives as we look to develop sustainable solutions to meet ever-evolving customer requirements. This sustainability agenda is fundamental to our business performance and aligns stakeholder priorities with the Group's Environmental, Social and Governance (ESG) risks and opportunities so that we can drive the success of the business for the benefit of all of our stakeholders.

2020 operational performance

Execution on the key strategic objectives of operational excellence, competitiveness and technological innovation is vital for the successful delivery of our order backlog, to deliver future growth and a high-performing sustainable business.

Continually pushing operational performance improvement is central to our strategy to ensure delivery of our order backlog and improvements in long-term cash generation.

Based on the acquisitions and organic operations, our US defence electronics business delivered another standout performance in 2020, especially in our core franchise positions in the high-technology areas of electronic warfare, precision-guided munitions, Intelligence, Surveillance and Reconnaissance, and electro-optics. The Electronic Systems business closed with a record order backlog supplemented by the acquisitions.

Within Electronic Systems, our Controls and Avionics franchises in the civil aerospace market of engine and flight controls were negatively impacted by the pandemic. We have scaled the business appropriately, worked closely with our key customers and maintained our leading positions and capabilities to meet the expected return of long-term demand once COVID-19 vaccine prevalence is achieved.

Platforms & Services (US) work is predominantly on military contracts. Some schedule adjustments have occurred on the fixed price contracts in US Ship Repair and on the less mature combat vehicle programmes such as the Armored Multi-Purpose Vehicle. These operational challenges resulted from a combination of COVID-19 cases, supply chain disruptions and the ongoing investments and refinements in our vehicle designs and production processes that are integral to the early programme stages of low-rate initial production. Notwithstanding these challenges, our Combat Mission Systems business continues to make progress towards achieving consistent quality and production throughput across multiple programmes as the investment in new production capabilities, processes, and applying lessons learned take hold.

Our US-based Intelligence & Security business delivered a highly resilient performance in the year and maintained its bid pipeline to deliver an enhanced backlog position at year end.

In our Applied Intelligence business, our UK Government division performed well, driving the whole business into a profit this year. We completed the disposal of the Applied Intelligence US-based software-as-a-service business and exited the UK-based managed security services business.

In the Air sector profitability was impacted in the second quarter as our global operations had to adjust to operating under pandemic conditions. The Air sector responded to deliver a strong overall operational performance. Highlights included the meeting of key milestones on the Qatar build programmes, preparations for the continued ramp up of F-35 production and the delivery of in-service support on Typhoon, Tornado and Hawk for international customers. The Tempest programme is progressing at pace, with Tempest partners currently working on more than 60 technology demonstrations.

In Maritime, significant progress was made on our operational performance in the year, working closely with the Royal Navy to deliver a number of key milestones. The fourth Astute Class submarine, HMS Audacious, was accepted and left our Barrow site in April during lockdown conditions, the final two Offshore Patrol Vessels, HMS Tamar and HMS Spey, were accepted and the work to bring the Queen Elizabeth Class Carriers to operational status continued with a particular highlight being HMS Queen Elizabeth going to sea with the UK's new Carrier Strike Group for the first time as part of a NATO exercise. Maintaining this level of improved operational performance is vital as we progress with production on the Type 26 and Dreadnought programmes, the mainstays of the Maritime business for the next decade.

Driving competitiveness and efficiency

We will not forget the lessons learned during the response to the pandemic and there are a number of areas where the enforced changes in working practices may be able to provide learning and improvements to future business operations, all contributing to our strategic priority of competitiveness and providing value for money for our customers and shareholders. Areas highlighted to date include the streamlining of processes, general and administration cost savings, office footprint requirements, flexible working practices and how we can be more agile and adaptable to deliver our commitments in different ways.

Advancing and further leveraging our technology

The Group has world-class engineering capabilities and high-end discriminating technologies, well aligned to the current and future requirements of our customers.

We have the ability and intention to advance our technology further and are working hard to drive forward our strategy, in partnership with our customers. We will do this through investing more in self-funded research and development, making acquisitions to enhance our exposure to high-growth areas - as shown by investing more than $2bn for the two US acquisitions and smaller bolt-ons this year - and working with our customers, industry partners, SMEs and academia.

Our technology strategy is driven by the challenges that our customers face now and in the future, given the multiplying threats they face, ranging from daily cyber attacks to the novel weapons being devised by potential adversaries. As a result, our systems and products need to be more adaptable and competitive than ever before. In addition to continuing to advance our portfolio in the more traditional domains of air, sea and land, we are focused on developing a number of technologies that support long-term market trends in our sector including: cyber capabilities; multi-domain autonomous systems and networking; delivery of military capability from space; and sustainability-driven product innovation.

In addition, the Electronic Systems and Air sectors remain focused on investment in emerging technologies and leveraging customer funding to maintain, develop and grow our strong market positions.

Demand outlook

We have a large order backlog and exceptional programme positions, providing visibility of growth. Orders in 2020 exceeded expectations, with pleasing progression in our US-managed businesses with a book-to-bill ratio¹ of over one, as well as our workshare on the German award for 38 Typhoon aircraft.

Our defence and security capabilities remain highly relevant in an uncertain global environment with complex threats and with the additional need for governments to drive a domestic economic prosperity agenda in a post-pandemic world.

There are good prospects in existing and new international markets for our products and services in air, maritime, land and cyber security. Defence and security remain high on national agendas with the need in many cases to recapitalise or upgrade ageing equipment.

The US continues to represent the world's largest defence budget and accounts for around 45% of our sales. The Group's US-based portfolio remains well aligned to customer priorities, growth areas, and the US National Defense Strategy, which we expect to continue under the new administration. The backlog for the US-based business has continued to grow both organically and through the two acquisitions successfully closed during the year. This backlog provides good visibility of growth in the US business.

In the UK, where we are the largest defence contractor, defence and security spending is set to increase over the next four years. The Integrated Foreign Policy, Defence and Security Review is due to be published early in 2021, and the UK government has made a series of recent programme announcements related to the review. Similarly in Australia, where we are the leading defence contractor, the business is set to grow significantly in the coming years as the Hunter Class Frigate programme matures. The government announcement in July to increase its ten-year investment in new and upgraded defence capabilities from A$195bn to A$270bn should provide further opportunities to enhance and extend our growth profile.

In Europe, a number of nations are increasing their defence budgets to address the threat environment and move towards their 2% of GDP NATO commitments. We remain well placed through our positions on the Eurofighter Typhoon, our shareholding in MBDA and our BAE Systems Hägglunds Sweden-based land vehicles business.

In our Middle East markets, our long-standing relationships at government and company levels, continued regional instability and in many areas the nature of our long-term contracts, mean we expect defence and security to remain a priority despite the impacts of the current low oil price.

1. Ratio of Order intake to Sales.

The civil aerospace market accounts for around 5% of Group sales. COVID-19 significantly impacted this market, and a recovery to 2019 levels is likely to be some years away. Despite the near-term challenges, this remains an important franchise for us in which we have leading capabilities in flight and engine controls across new, developing and more mature programmes with capabilities transferable from defence air platforms.

Brexit

BAE Systems will support the UK government in achieving its aim to ensure that the UK maintains its key role in European security and defence post-Brexit and to strengthen bilateral relationships with key partners in Europe. This will be important for ongoing collaboration in the development of defence capabilities.

The Group has relatively limited UK-EU trading and the majority of persons employed in the UK are UK nationals, with only limited movement of EU nationals into and out of the Group's UK businesses. We have been working with our supply chain throughout the Brexit process to mitigate any major disruptions. Accordingly, the resulting impacts of Brexit across the business are expected to be limited.

Balance sheet and capital allocation

The Group's balance sheet is managed conservatively, in line with its policy to retain its investment grade credit rating and to ensure operating flexibility.

Consistent with this approach, the Group expects to continue to meet its pension obligations, invest in research and technology and pursue other organic investment opportunities, and plans to pay dividends in line with its policy of long-term sustainable cover of around two times underlying earnings. Investment in value-enhancing acquisitions and returns to shareholders through a share buyback will be considered in line with our clear and consistent strategy and capital allocation policy.

In April, BAE Systems issued $1.3bn (£1.0bn) of ten-year bonds to fund the £1bn contribution into the BAE Systems Pension Scheme. In September, BAE Systems issued $2.0bn (£1.5bn) of bonds, the proceeds of which were applied in the repayment of the $1.9bn bridge loan facility that had been drawn to fund the acquisition of the Military GPS business.

Post-employment benefits schemes

The Group's share of the pre-tax accounting net post-employment benefits deficit remained in line with the prior year at £4.5bn. The impact of significantly lower discount rates increased liabilities, which offset asset returns and the Group's contributions into the schemes.

Under the funding deficit recovery plan agreed in February 2020, a one-off payment of £1bn was made in April. Approximately £261m of funding was paid in the year, and in December, we also took the opportunity to make our March 2021 deficit payment of £161m ahead of schedule. The next triennial review is scheduled for 2022.

Executive Committee changes

At the start of 2020 Ben Hudson was appointed as Chief Technology Officer, replacing Nigel Whitehead who announced his intention to retire.

Summary

As demonstrated this year, through execution of our strategy, BAE Systems is well placed to maximise opportunities, deal with the challenges, and deliver a business focused on sustainability and generating shareholder value.

In this challenging year we have built resilience into the business, returned the defence business to a near normal operational tempo, and completed our two US acquisitions smoothly. Relationships with, and support from our customers remains strong, with governments in our key markets continuing to prioritise defence and security. We are investing in technology aligned to our customers' priorities. Our large order backlog, incumbent programme positions and evolving pipeline of opportunities mean we are well placed to deliver profitable top-line growth with increasing cash conversion in the coming years.

Charles Woodburn Chief Executive

Extract from Chairman's letter

Non-executive directors

The preservation of a deep knowledge of the Company has been particularly important in a period of extreme turbulence. It was in recognition of this need that we were fortunate to receive the support of shareholders in extending the terms of both Nick Rose and Paula Rosput Reynolds by approximately one year, but sadly their extensions expired and both non-executive directors stood down from the Board in December 2020. Both Nick and Paula made an outstanding contribution to the Company as non-executive directors and committee chairs for which they will both be long remembered and much missed.

In anticipation of their departure, we conducted a comprehensive search in 2020 for individuals of similar experience and equal calibre, and were fortunate to secure Dr Jane Griffiths and Nick Anderson who joined the Board in April and November respectively. Both bring a wealth of international experience and strengthen our operational, environmental and scientific skillset.

We have announced recently that Dame Carolyn Fairbairn and Dr Ewan Kirk will join the Board as non-executive directors on 1 March and 1 June respectively. Dame Carolyn, who was until recently Director-General of the Confederation of British Industry, brings extensive business leadership and commercial experience across multiple business sectors, and Ewan brings a deep insight and knowledge of emergent digital technologies, that have been the basis for a successful business career. We are looking forward to them joining the Board and adding further to the quality of our deliberations and oversight. To complete the planned changes to the Board, we will be looking to make one further non-executive appointment later this year.

Executive directors

During the course of the year, Jerry DeMuro retired from the Board as the Chief Executive Officer of BAE Systems, Inc., and Peter Lynas retired as the Group Finance Director. Both executive directors contributed enormously to strengthening the rigour, discipline and performance of the Company and their service was valued and appreciated.

Following their retirement, there was a seamless transition in the US through the promotion of Tom Arseneault from President and Chief Operating Officer to President and Chief Executive Officer of BAE Systems, Inc., and to Brad Greve as Group Finance Director, who had been recruited for that role some months before.

Charles Woodburn completed his third year as an outstanding and highly effective Chief Executive, with the newly-appointed directors now fused into a strong leadership team. The complete refreshment of the executive board in recent times has been an important step in reinvigorating the Company and providing a secure platform on which to build a promising future in the interests of all stakeholders.

Summary

In summary, we are pleased to have delivered another year of strong performance, especially against the backdrop of a global pandemic, with sales of £20.9bn, underlying earnings per share of 46.8p, underpinned by an order backlog of £45.2bn and free cash flow of £367m.

In a challenging environment, the business has performed well and my thanks go to all of our colleagues, suppliers, customers and stakeholders who have made this possible.

None of us will ever forget 2020, but as the new year begins, I am confident that the Company has stronger foundations than at any time during my tenure as Chairman, and is well placed to face whatever is ahead.

The Board, therefore, has recommended a final dividend of 14.3p for a total of 23.7p for the full year. Subject to shareholder approval at the May 2021 Annual General Meeting, the dividend will be paid on 1 June 2021 to holders of ordinary shares registered on 23 April 2021.

Sir Roger Carr Chairman

Group financial review

We monitor the underlying financial performance of the Group using the alternative performance measures defined on page 20. These measures are not defined in IFRS¹ and, therefore, are considered to be non-GAAP² measures. Accordingly, the relevant IFRS¹ measures are also presented where appropriate.

Page 20 Alternative performance measure definitions

Income statement
Financial performance measures as defined by the Group		2020 £m	2019 £m
Sales KPI		20,862	20,109
Underlying EBITA KPI		2,132	2,117
Return on sales³		10.2%	10.5%
Financial performance measures defined in IFRS¹	£m		£m
Revenue	19,277		18,305
Operating profit	1,930		1,899
Return on revenue⁴	10.0%		10.4%
Reconciliation of sales to revenue	£m		£m
Sales KPI	20,862		20,109
Deduct Share of sales by equity accounted investments	(2,652)		(2,878)
Add Sales to equity accounted investments	1,067		1,074
Revenue	19,277		18,305
Reconciliation of underlying EBITA to operating profit	£m		£m
Underlying EBITA KPI	2,132		2,117
Non-recurring items	19		(27)
Amortisation of intangible assets	(137)		(109)
Impairment of intangible assets	(4)		(6)
Financial expense of equity accounted investments	(32)		(23)
Taxation expense of equity accounted investments	(48)		(53)
Operating profit	1,930		1,899
Net finance costs	(334)		(273)
Taxation expense	(225)		(94)
Profit for the year	1,371		1,532
Underlying interest expense⁵	(255)		(257)
Net interest expense on post-employment benefit obligations	(70)		(117)
Fair value and foreign exchange adjustments on financial instruments and investments	(41)		78
Net finance costs (including equity accounted investments)	(366)		(296)

Exchange rates
Average	2020	2019
£/$	1.283	1.277
£/€	1.125	1.141
£/A$	1.862	1.836

Sensitivity analysis
Estimated impact on sales of a ten cent movement in the average exchange rate	£m
$	700
€	100
A$	40

1. International Financial Reporting Standards.

2. Generally Accepted Accounting Principles.

3. Underlying EBITA as percentage of Sales.

4. Operating profit as percentage of Revenue.

5. Underlying net interest expense is defined as finance costs for the Group and its share of equity accounted investments, excluding net interest expense on post-employment benefit obligations and fair value and foreign exchange adjustments on financial instruments and investments.

Income statement

Sales increased by £0.8bn to £20.9bn (2019 £20.1bn), a 4% increase on a constant currency basis¹.

Underlying EBITA increased to £2,132m (2019 £2,117m), giving a return on sales² of 10.2% (2019 10.5%). Excluding the impact of exchange translation, the increase was 1%.

Revenue increased by £1.0bn to £19.3bn (2019 £18.3bn).

Operating profit increased by £31m to £1,930m (2019 £1,899m).

Non-recurring items in 2020 reflect a credit of £19m. This comprises a settlement gain on a US pension annuity buy-out of £64m, offset by charges relating to acquisitions and disposals of £38m and a Guaranteed Minimum Pension equalisation charge of £7m. Non-recurring charges in 2019 of £27m comprised a £36m software intangible derecognition charge and a net gain relating to acquisitions and disposals of £9m.

Amortisation of intangible assets is £137m (2019 £109m), the increase mainly a result of intangible assets arising from the acquisitions.

Impairment of intangible assets in 2020 is £4m (2019 £6m).

Net finance costs , including equity accounted investments, were £366m (2019 £296m). The underlying interest charge, excluding pension accounting, and fair value and foreign exchange adjustments on financial instruments and investments was £255m (2019 £257m). Net interest expense on the Group's pension deficit was £70m (2019 £117m). There was a charge in respect of fair value and foreign exchange adjustments of £41m (2019 £78m credit) on exchange translation of US dollar-denominated bonds.

Taxation expense , including equity accounted investments, of £273m reflects the Group's underlying effective tax rate for the year of 17%. The 2019 charge of £147m reflected the Group's underlying effective tax rate for that year of 19%, less a £161m credit in respect of two items. Following agreements reached in respect of overseas tax matters, a one-off benefit was recognised; and following review of the April 2019 EU Commission decision that concluded that the UK's Controlled Foreign Company regime partially represented State Aid, a provision was recognised for the estimated exposure.

The calculation of the underlying effective tax rate is shown in note 6 to the Group accounts on page 203.

1. Current year compared with prior year translated at current year exchange rates.

Earnings per share

Underlying earnings per share for the year increased by 2% to 46.8p (2019 45.8p, excluding the one-off tax benefit).

Basic earnings per share was 40.7p (2019 46.4p).

Earnings per share
Financial performance measures as defined by the Group	2020		2019
Underlying earnings (excluding the 2019 one-off tax benefit)	£1,493m		£1,457m
Underlying earnings per share (excluding the 2019 one-off tax benefit)	46.8p		45.8p
Underlying earnings (including the 2019 one-off tax benefit) KPI	£1,493m		£1,618m
Underlying earnings per share (including the 2019 one-off tax benefit)	46.8p		50.8p
Financial performance measures defined in IFRS¹
Profit for the year attributable to equity shareholders		£1,299m		£1,476m
Basic earnings per share		40.7p		46.4p
Reconciliation of underlying EBITA to underlying earnings		£m		£m
Underlying EBITA		2,132		2,117
Underlying net interest expense (including equity accounted investments)²		(255)		(257)
		1,877		1,860
Taxation expense (at the underlying effective tax rate, excluding the 2019 one-off tax benefit)		(312)		(347)
Non-controlling interests		(72)		(56)
Underlying earnings (excluding the 2019 one-off tax benefit)		1,493		1,457
One-off tax benefit		-		161
Underlying earnings (including the 2019 one-off tax benefit)		1,493		1,618
Reconciliation of underlying earnings to profit for the year attributable to equity shareholders		£m		£m
Underlying earnings (excluding the 2019 one-off tax benefit)		1,493		1,457
Non-recurring items, post tax		15		(18)
Amortisation and impairment of intangible assets, post tax		(117)		(93)
Net interest expense on post-employment benefit obligations, post tax		(58)		(95)
Fair value and foreign exchange adjustments on financial instruments and investments, post tax		(34)		64
One-off tax benefit (2019)		-		161
Profit for the year attributable to equity shareholders		1,299		1,476
Non-controlling interests		72		56
Profit for the year		1,371		1,532

Orders

Order intake³ increased by £2.5bn to £20,915m (2019 £18,447m). Our US-managed businesses had a book-to-bill⁴ ratio of more than one.

Order backlog³ decreased by £0.2bn to £45.2bn.

Order book decreased by £0.9bn to £36.3bn.

Orders
Financial performance measures as defined by the Group		2020	2019
Order intake³	KPI	£20,915m	£18,447m
Order backlog³		£45.2bn	£45.4bn

Financial performance measures defined in IFRS¹
Order book	£36.3bn	£37.2bn

1. International Financial Reporting Standards.

2. Underlying net interest expense is defined as finance costs for the Group and its share of equity accounted investments, excluding net interest expense on post-employment benefit obligations and fair value and foreign exchange adjustments on financial instruments and investments.

3. Including share of equity accounted investments.

4. Ratio of Order intake to Sales.

Cash flow
Financial performance measures as defined by the Group	2020 £m	2019 £m
Free cash flow¹KPI	367	850
Financial performance measures defined in IFRS²	£m	£m
Net cash flow from operating activities	1,166	1,597
Reconciliation from free cash flow to net cash flow from operating activities	£m	£m
Free cash flow KPI	367	850
Add back Interest paid, net of interest received	208	205
Add back Taxation	251	252
Operating business cash flow³ KPI	826	1,307
Add back Net capital expenditure and financial investment	392	454
Add back Principal element of lease payments and receipts	226	230
Deduct Dividends received from equity accounted investments	(27)	(142)
Deduct Taxation	(251)	(252)
Net cash flow from operating activities	1,166	1,597
Net capital expenditure and financial investment	(392)	(454)
Principal element of finance lease receipts	10	9
Dividends received from equity accounted investments	27	142
Interest received	19	28
Acquisitions and disposals	(1,701)	43
Net cash flow from investing activities	(2,037)	(232)
Interest paid	(227)	(233)
Equity dividends paid	(746)	(724)
Partial disposal of shareholding in subsidiary undertaking	27	31
Dividends paid to non-controlling interests	(19)	(56)
Principal element of lease payments	(236)	(239)
Cash flow from matured derivative financial instruments (excluding cash flow hedges)	16	40
Movement in cash collateral	(2)	1
Net cash flow from loans	2,160	(782)
Net cash flow from financing activities	973	(1,962)
Net increase/(decrease) in cash and cash equivalents	102	(597)
(Deduct)/add back Net cash flow from loans	(2,160)	782
Foreign exchange translation	220	72
Other non-cash movements	(137)	(96)
(Increase)/decrease in net debt	(1,975)	161
Opening net debt	(743)	(904)
Net debt KPI	(2,718)	(743)

Pages 244 and 246 Notes 27 and 29 to the Group accounts

Cash flow

Free cash flow¹ was £367m (2019 £850m), which includes the impact of the Group's £1bn contribution into the UK pension scheme. The remaining inflow reflects the Group's strong focus on liquidity.

Net cash inflow from operating activities was £1,166m (2019 £1,597m), including the effect of the £1bn contribution to the UK pension scheme.

Taxation payments were in line with the prior year at £251m.

Net capital expenditure and financial investment was £392m (2019 £454m).

Dividends received from equity accounted investments of £27m (2019 £142m). The prior year included a dividend from MBDA of £73m.

Interest received was £19m (2019 £28m).

The cash outflows in respect of acquisitions, disposals, held for sale assets and the partial disposal of shareholdings in subsidiary undertakings primarily represent the two US acquisitions and that of Techmodal, with an inflow of £27m from the reduction in the Group's shareholding in Overhaul and Maintenance Company (OMC). The cash inflows in 2019 of £43m represented the disposal of Aircraft Accessories and Components Company (£26m), the disposal of the UK-based land vehicles business into the RBSL joint venture (£29m), the reduction in the shareholding in OMC (£31m), less the investment in Riptide Autonomous Solutions (£9m) and the Prismatic acquisition (£3m).

Interest paid was £227m (2019 £233m).

Equity dividends paid in 2020 represents the two 2020 interim dividends. The first of these reflects the dividend proposed but subsequently deferred in respect of the year ended 31 December 2019 which was paid in September (£444m). The second interim dividend is in respect of the half year ended 30 June 2020 and was paid in November (£302m).

Dividends paid to non-controlling interests decreased to £19m (2019 £56m), reflecting a lower payment by Saudi Maintenance & Supply Chain Management Company, in which the Group has a 51% shareholding.

There was a cash inflow from matured derivative financial instruments of £16m (2019 £40m), arising from rolling hedges relating to balances within the Group's subsidiaries and equity accounted investments.

Foreign exchange translation primarily arises in respect of the Group's US dollar-denominated borrowing.

1. During 2020 the Group has determined that Free cash flow is its key performance measure for utilisation of cash at a Group level. The Group continues to use Operating business cash flow as its key segment metric, to monitor operational cash generation.

2. International Financial Reporting Standards.

3. Operating business cash flow is defined as Net cash flow from operating activities excluding taxation and including net capital expenditure and lease principal amounts, financial investments and dividends from equity accounted investments.

Balance sheet
Summarised balance sheet	2020 £m	2019 £m
Intangible assets	11,745	10,371
Property, plant and equipment, right-of-use assets and investment property¹	3,158	3,188
Equity accounted investments and other investments	409	441
Working capital¹	(3,021)	(2,854)
Lease liabilities	(1,203)	(1,291)
Group's share of net IAS 19 post-employment benefits deficit	(4,485)	(4,455)
Net tax assets and liabilities	906	690
Net other financial assets and liabilities	36	34
Net debt KPI	(2,718)	(743)
Net assets held for sale	94	130
Net assets	4,921	5,511

1. Funding received of £678m (2019 £524m) from the UK government for property, plant and equipment at Barrow-in-Furness, UK, relating to the Dreadnought submarine programme included in working capital in the Consolidated balance sheet is presented here in property, plant and equipment, and investment property.

Components of net debt	£m	£m
Cash and cash equivalents	2,768	2,587
Debt-related derivative financial instruments (net)	(62)	67
Loans - non-current	(4,957)	(3,020)
Loans and overdrafts - current	(467)	(377)
Net debt KPI	(2,718)	(743)

Exchange rates
Year end	2020	2019
£/$	1.367	1.324
£/€	1.117	1.180
£/A$	1.770	1.884

Balance sheet

The £1.3bn increase in intangible assets to £11.7bn (2019 £10.4bn) mainly reflects goodwill and intangible assets arising on the US acquisitions.

Property, plant and equipment, right-of-use assets and investment property is £3.2bn (2019 £3.2bn).

Equity accounted investments and other investments was £409m (2019 £441m) mainly reflecting the Group's share of profit for the year (£69m), offset by the pension deficit allocation (£70m) and dividends received (£27m).

The Group's share of the net IAS 19 post-employment benefits deficit was in line with the prior year at £4.5bn. The £1bn contribution into the UK pension scheme and favourable asset returns were offset by an increase in liabilities driven by lower discount rate assumptions. The major movements in the net deficit are shown in the bridge chart on this page.

Details of the Group's post-employment benefits schemes are provided in note 24 to the Group accounts on page 229.

A net deferred tax asset of £0.8bn (2019 £0.8bn) relating to the Group's pension deficit is included within net tax assets and liabilities.

In aggregate, there was a £0.2bn decrease in working capital largely reflecting the strong focus on liquidity in the year.

The Group's net debt at 31 December 2020 is £2,718m, a net increase of £1,975m from the position at the start of the year. This is primarily a result of funding the two US acquisitions and the contribution to the UK pension scheme, partly offset by strong operational cash generation. The maturity of the Group's borrowings is shown in the chart on this page.

Cash and cash equivalents of £2,768m (2019 £2,587m) are held primarily for the repayment of debt securities, pension deficit funding, payment of the 2020 final dividend and management of working capital.

Net assets held for sale represent the Advanced Electronics Company in Saudi Arabia. The 2019 net assets held for sale comprised the Applied Intelligence US-based software-as-a-service business, the disposal of which completed in October 2020, and Advanced Electronics Company.

Accounting policies

Critical accounting policies

Certain of the Group's significant accounting policies are considered by the directors to be critical because of the level of complexity, judgement or estimation involved in their application and their impact on the consolidated financial statements.

Revenue and profit recognition

Revenue £19.3bn (year ended 31 December 2020)
See note 1 to the Group accounts

Carrying value of goodwill

Goodwill £10.8bn (at 31 December 2020)
See note 8 to the Group accounts

Deferred tax asset on post-employment benefits obligations

Deferred tax asset on post-employment scheme deficit £0.8bn (at 31 December 2020)
See note 15 to the Group accounts

Tax provisions

Tax provisions £185m (at 31 December 2020)
See note 17 to the Group accounts

Post-employment benefits obligations

Group's share of the net IAS 19 post-employment scheme deficit £4.5bn (at 31 December 2020)
See note 24 to the Group accounts

Page 186 Critical accounting policies

Changes in accounting policies

No new or amended standards which became applicable for the year ended 31 December 2020 had a material impact on the Group or required the Group to change its accounting policies.

Capital

Objectives

Maintain the Group's investment grade credit rating and ensure operating flexibility, whilst:

· meeting its pension obligations;

· investing in research and technology and pursuing other organic investment opportunities;

· paying dividends in line with the Group's policy of long-term sustainable cover of around two times underlying earnings;

· making accelerated returns of capital to shareholders when the balance sheet allows and when the return from doing so is in excess of the Group's Weighted Average Cost of Capital; and

· investing in value-enhancing acquisitions, where market conditions are right and where they deliver on the Group's strategy.

Policies

The Group funds its operations through a mixture of equity funding and debt financing, including bank and capital market borrowings.

The capital structure of the Group reflects the judgement of the directors of an appropriate balance of funding required. Three credit rating agencies publish credit ratings for the Group:

Rating	Outlook	Category
Moody's Investors Service
Baa2	Stable	Investment grade
Standard & Poor's Ratings Services
BBB	Stable	Investment grade
Fitch Ratings
BBB	Stable	Investment grade

Page 241 Note 26 to the Group accounts

Dividends

As part of the Group's capital allocation policy, the Group plans to pay dividends in line with its policy of long-term sustainable cover of around two times underlying earnings.

The Board has recommended a final dividend of 14.3p per share making a total of 23.7p per share in respect of the year ended 31 December 2020. An interim dividend of 13.8p was also paid in September, reflecting the dividend proposed but subsequently deferred in respect of the year ended 31 December 2019. At this level, the annual dividend is covered two times by underlying earnings. Subject to shareholder approval at the 2021 Annual General Meeting, the dividend will be paid on 1 June 2021 to holders of ordinary shares registered on 23 April 2021. The ex-dividend date is 22 April 2021.

At 31 December 2020, the Company had retained earnings of £2.7bn (2019 £3.0bn), the non-distributable portion of which is £827m (2019 £767m) (see page 256). Total external dividends relating to the year ended 31 December 2020 are £762m (2019 £745m). The 2020 dividends consist of the interim dividend in respect of the year ended 31 December 2019 (£444m), the interim dividend paid during the year in respect of the first half of 2020 of £302m (2019 £301m) and the final dividend proposed of approximately £460m (2019 £nil). On an annual basis, the Company receives dividends from its subsidiaries to increase its distributable reserves and, accordingly, the Company expects to have sufficient distributable reserves to support its dividend policy.

The Group's dividend policy is underpinned by its viability and going concern statements (see pages 109 and 110).

Treasury

The Group's treasury activities are overseen by the Treasury Review Management Committee (TRMC). Two executive directors are members of the TRMC, including the Group Finance Director who chairs the Committee. The TRMC also has representatives with legal and tax expertise. The Group operates a centralised treasury department that is accountable to the TRMC for managing treasury activities in accordance with the treasury policies approved by the Board.

Objectives/policies

Net debt

Maintain a balance between the continuity, flexibility and cost of debt funding through the use of borrowings from a range of markets with a range of maturities, currencies and interest rates, reflecting the Group's risk profile.

· Material borrowings are arranged by the central treasury department and funds raised are lent onward to operating subsidiaries as required.

Interest rates

Manage the exposure to interest rate fluctuations on borrowings through varying the proportion of fixed rate debt relative to floating rate debt with derivative instruments, including interest rate and cross-currency swaps.

· A minimum of 50% and a maximum of 90% of gross debt is maintained at fixed interest rates.

Liquidity

Maintain adequate undrawn committed borrowing facilities.

· An undrawn committed Revolving Credit Facility of £2bn contracted to April 2025 is available to meet general corporate funding requirements.

Monitor and control counterparty credit risk and credit limit utilisation.

· The Group adopts a conservative approach to the investment of its surplus cash. It is deposited with financial institutions with strong credit ratings for short periods.

Currency

Reduce the Group's exposure to transactional volatility in earnings and cash flows from movements in foreign currency exchange rates.

· All material firm transactional exposures are hedged.

· The Group does not hedge the translation effect of exchange rate movements on:

(a) the income statements or balance sheets of foreign subsidiaries; and

(b) equity accounted investments it regards as long-term investments.

Page 218 Note 14 to the Group accounts

Tax strategy

The Group's tax strategy is to:

· ensure compliance with all applicable tax laws and regulations; and

· manage the Group's tax expense in a way that is consistent with its values and its legal obligations in all relevant jurisdictions.

The Group does not tolerate activities designed to facilitate tax evasion offences.

The Group promotes collaborative professional working with tax authorities in order to build open, transparent and trusted relationships. As part of this, the Group engages in open and early dialogue to discuss tax planning, strategy, risks and significant transactions, and discloses any significant uncertainties in relation to tax matters. Queries and information requests by tax authorities are responded to in a timely fashion and the Group ensures that tax authorities are kept informed about how issues are progressing.

The Group seeks to resolve issues in real time and before returns are filed where possible. Fair, accurate and timely disclosures are made in tax returns, reports and documents that the Group files with, or submits to, tax authorities. Where disagreements over tax arise, the Group works proactively to seek to resolve all issues by agreement (where possible) and reach reasonable solutions. In the UK, the Group is subject to an annual risk assessment by HM Revenue & Customs and strives to achieve as low a risk rating as can be achieved by a group of BAE Systems' size and complexity.

Whilst the Group aims to maximise the tax efficiency of its business transactions, it does not use structures in its tax planning that are contrary to the intentions of the relevant legislature. The Group interprets relevant tax laws in a reasonable way and ensures that transactions are structured in a way that is consistent with a relationship of co-operative compliance with tax authorities. It also actively considers the implications of any planning for the Group's wider corporate reputation.

The Group is open and transparent with regard to decision-making, governance and tax planning in its business, keeping tax authorities informed of who has responsibility, how decisions are reached, how the business is structured and where different parts of the business are located.

BAE Systems operates internationally and is subject to tax in many different jurisdictions. The Group employs professional tax managers and takes appropriate advice from reputable professional firms. The Group is routinely subject to tax audits and reviews which can take a considerable period of time to conclude. Provision is made for known issues based on management's interpretation of country-specific legislation and the likely outcome of negotiations or litigation. The assessment and management of tax risks are regularly reviewed by the Audit Committee, as is the Group's tax strategy.

Arm's-length principles are applied in the pricing of all intra-group transactions of goods and services in accordance with Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development guidelines. Where appropriate, the Group engages with governments in relation to proposed legislation and tax policy.

Page 202 Note 6 to the Group accounts

Chart, note and page references used above refer to the Annual Report 2020 that can be viewed on the Company's website.

Our principal risks

Risks are identified based on the likelihood of occurrence and the potential impact on the Group. The Group's principal risks are identified below, together with a description of how we mitigate those risks.

Description

Impact

Mitigation

Outbreak of contagious diseases

The outbreak of contagious diseases may have an adverse effect on the Company's business, financial condition and results of operations.

There is currently a COVID-19 pandemic across the world and governments are taking a number of steps to mitigate the impact of this pandemic. Many people have contracted the disease across the world and many deaths have occurred. Although there have been recent positive developments in relation to the approval of vaccines and the commencement of immunisation programmes, it is not clear for how long this pandemic will last or how much more extensive it will become, or the further measures that will be taken by governments and others to seek to control this pandemic and its impact.

The COVID-19 pandemic could also result in changes to the outlook in the Group's markets.

Contagious diseases can have an adverse effect on the Group's business, financial condition and results of operations.

While the Group is liaising closely with its customers and suppliers to understand any changes in requirements and priorities during this time, the uncertainties surrounding the development of this pandemic make it difficult to predict the extent to which the Group may be affected.

Areas of the Group's business that could be impacted include a decrease in spending by the Group's major defence and commercial customers; an increase in taxation by governments; the failure to obtain awards for defence and commercial contracts; the failure of suppliers to deliver parts to the Group; the requirement for the Group or its suppliers to reduce site operational levels or close sites; the inability of the Group to meet contractual delivery requirements on time; the inability to adequately staff and manage the business; and an increase in the cost or lack of availability of funding.

If the Group were unable to obtain appropriate funding, it could be forced to make reductions in spending, seek to extend payment terms with suppliers and/or suspend or curtail planned programmes.

Any of the above could have a material adverse effect on the Group's business, financial condition and results of operations.

Since the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic, the Group has taken a number of responsive measures including reducing site operational levels and introducing new cleaning regimes, safe working distance measures and protective equipment for our employees. A significant proportion of the Group's employees are working from home.

By taking these measured actions to build in resilience for a prolonged period of disruption, we have continued to deliver critical work for our customers and, where operations were impacted, ensured that site-critical workers have now been able to safely return to work where possible.

Support for the defence industry from the governments in our key markets has been strong around prioritisation of capabilities, cash flows, recognising the need to maintain a strong supply chain and working collaboratively to maintain critical defence and security programmes.

Description		Impact		Mitigation
International markets The Group operates in international markets.
BAE Systems is an international company conducting business in a number of regions, including the US and the Middle East. The risks of operating in some countries include: social and political changes impacting the business environment; economic downturns, political instability and civil disturbances; the imposition of restraints on the movement of capital; the introduction of burdensome taxes or tariffs; change of export control and other government policy and regulations in the UK, US and all other relevant jurisdictions; and the inability to obtain or maintain the necessary export licences.		The occurrence of any such events could have a material adverse effect on the Group's future results and financial condition. The risk of the Group's inability to obtain and maintain the necessary export licences for our business in Saudi Arabia could affect the Group's provision of capability to the country.		The Group has a balanced portfolio of businesses across a number of markets internationally. The Group benefits from a large order backlog, with established positions on long-term programmes in the US, UK, Saudi Arabia and Australia. The Group's contracts are often long-term in nature and, consequently, it may be able to mitigate these risks over the term of those contracts. Political risk insurance is held in respect of export contracts not structured on a government-to-government basis. BAE Systems has a well-established legal and regulatory compliance structure aimed at ensuring adherence to regulatory requirements and identifying restrictions that could adversely impact the Group's activities, including export control requirements.
The Group is exposed to volatility arising from movements in currency exchange rates, particularly in respect of the US dollar, euro, Saudi riyal and Australian dollar. There has been volatility in currency exchange rates in the period since the EU referendum in the UK and due to the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the global economy.		Significant fluctuations in exchange rates to which the Group is exposed could have a material adverse effect on the Group's future results and financial condition.		The Group's policy is to hedge all material firm transactional currency exchange rate exposures.
While the terms of the UK's relationship with the EU after the end of the transition phase on 31 December 2020 have now been clarified by the entry by the UK and the EU into the Trade and Cooperation Agreement, the UK is now a third country for the purposes of EU-funded defence projects. There remains the risk that, as a result of the UK leaving the EU, the Group's ability to take part in new European collaborative defence programmes, whether under such EU-funded projects or otherwise, could be hampered.		If the UK is excluded from new European collaborative defence programmes, this could impact the Group's future results and financial condition.		BAE Systems benefits from a large order backlog with established positions on long-term programmes in the US, UK, Saudi Arabia and Australia and there is relatively limited UK-EU trading. BAE Systems has key roles in major ongoing European programmes, such as Eurofighter, which are only likely to be marginally affected by Brexit. BAE Systems will support the UK government in achieving its aim to ensure that the UK maintains its key role in European security and defence in the post-Brexit environment, and to strengthen bilateral relationships with key partners in Europe. This will be important for ongoing collaboration with such partners in Europe on the development of defence capabilities.
Description	Impact		Mitigation
Defence spending The Group is dependent on defence spending.
In 2020, 95% of the Group's sales were defence-related. Defence spending by governments can fluctuate depending on change of government policy, other political considerations, budgetary constraints, specific threats and movements in the international oil price. There have been constraints on government expenditure in a number of the Group's principal markets. Defence spending by governments has also been impacted by the COVID-19 outbreak due to reprioritisation of funds.	Lower defence spending by the Group's major customers could have a material adverse effect on the Group's future results and financial condition.		The business is geographically spread across US, UK and international defence markets: · in the US, the two-year budget deal enacted in 2019 established a defence spending level of approximately $740bn for fiscal year 2021 and, with a demonstrable bi-partisan support for defence, it maintains support for our medium-term planning assumptions and positive momentum for military readiness and modernisation programmes; · in the UK, the government has re-stated its commitment to meeting the NATO target of spending of at least 2% of Gross Domestic Product on defence. While the government's Integrated Foreign Policy, Defence and Security Review is due to be published early in 2021, the UK government has made a series of recent programme announcements related to the review and we welcome the UK government's increased investment in defence and security; · in Saudi Arabia, regional tensions continue to dictate that defence remains a high priority; and · in Australia, regional instability and the rapid pace of military modernisation and technology advancement in the Asia-Pacific region continue to drive the government's commitment to defence spending, with major recapitalisation programmes underway in the air, maritime and land domains, underpinned also by its policies of developing a strong, sustainable and secure Australian defence industry and supporting leading-edge technical innovation. The Australian government continues its policy of providing a ten-year funding model for defence. As part of this commitment, the Australian government has made clear its objective to build a robust, resilient and internationally competitive domestic defence industry to ensure the expertise resident in the industrial base effectively supports Australia's national security. The diverse product and services portfolio is marketed across a range of defence markets. BAE Systems benefits from a large order backlog, with established positions on long-term programmes in the US, UK, Saudi Arabia and Australia. BAE Systems has a portfolio of commercial businesses, including commercial avionics.

Description	Impact	Mitigation
Competition in international markets The Group's business is subject to significant competition in international markets.
The Group's business plan depends upon its ability to win and contract for high-quality new programmes, an increasing number of which are expected to be in markets outside the US and UK. The Group is dependent upon US and UK government support in relation to a number of its business opportunities in export markets.	The Group's business and future results may be adversely impacted if it is unable to compete adequately and obtain new business in the markets in which it operates.	The Group has an international, multi-market presence, a balanced portfolio of businesses, leading capabilities and a track record of delivery on its commitments to its customers. The Group continues to invest in research and development, and to reduce its cost base and improve efficiencies, to remain competitive. In the UK, export contracts can be structured on a government-to-government basis and government support can also involve military training, ministerial support for promotional activities and financial support through UK Export Finance. In the US, most of the Group's defence export sales are delivered through the Foreign Military Sales process, under which the importing government contracts with the US government.
Contract risk and execution The Group has many contracts, including a small number of large contracts and fixed-price contracts.
In 2020, 49% of the Group's sales were generated by its 15 largest programmes. At 31 December 2020, the Group had nine programmes with order backlog in excess of £1bn. A significant portion of the Group's revenue is derived from fixed-price contracts. Actual costs may exceed the projected costs on which the fixed prices are agreed and, since these contracts can extend over many years, it can be difficult to predict the ultimate outturn costs. It is important that the Group maintains a culture in which it delivers on its projects within tight tolerances of quality, time and cost performance in a reliable, predictable and repeatable manner.	The inability of the Group to deliver on its contractual commitments, the loss, expiration, suspension, cancellation or termination of any one of its large contracts or its failure to anticipate technical problems or estimate accurately and control costs on fixed-price contracts could have a material adverse effect on the Group's future results and financial condition.	Contract-related risks and uncertainties are managed under the Group's mandated Lifecycle Management process. A leadership development programme for project directors continues to be deployed across the Group, covering the leadership competencies required to manage complex projects containing significant levels of risk and uncertainty. A significant proportion of the Group's largest contracts are with the UK Ministry of Defence. In the UK, development programmes are normally contracted with appropriate levels of risk being initially held by the customer and contract structures are used to mitigate risk on production programmes, including where the customer and contractor share cost savings and overruns against target prices. The Group has a well-balanced spread of programmes and significant order backlog which provides forward visibility. The Group has limited exposure to fixed-price design and development activity which is in general more risk intensive than fixed-price production activity. Robust bid preparation and approvals processes are well established throughout the Group, with decisions required to be taken at the appropriate level in line with clear delegations of authority.
Description	Impact	Mitigation
Government customers The Group's largest customers are governments.
The Group has long-standing relationships and security arrangements with a number of its government customers, including its three largest customers, the governments of the US, UK and Saudi Arabia, and their agencies. It is important that these relationships and arrangements are maintained. In the defence and security industries, governments can typically modify contracts for their convenience or terminate them at short notice. Long-term US government contracts, for example, are funded annually and are subject to cancellation if funding appropriations for subsequent periods are not made. The risk of modification, termination or cancellation of government contracts has recently increased due to the reprioritisation of government funds as a result of the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic. Governments also from time to time review their terms of trade and underlying policies and seek to impose such new terms and policies when entering into new contracts. The Group's performance on its contracts with some government customers is subject to financial audits and other reviews which can result in adjustments to prices and costs.	Deterioration in the Group's principal government relationships resulting in the failure to obtain contracts or expected funding appropriations, adverse changes in the terms of its arrangements with those customers or their agencies, or the termination of contracts could have a material adverse effect on the Group's future results and financial condition.	Government customers have sophisticated procurement and security organisations with which the Group can have long-standing relationships with well-established and understood terms of business. In the event of a customer terminating a contract for convenience, the Group would typically be paid for work done and commitments made at the time of termination.

Description	Impact	Mitigation
Contract awards and cash profiles The Group is dependent on the award timing and cash profile of its contracts.
The Group's profits and cash flows are dependent, to a significant extent, on the timing of, or failure to receive, award of defence contracts and the profile of cash receipts on its contracts. The timing of cash receipts could be impacted by the reprioritisation of government funds as a result of the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic.	Amounts receivable under the Group's defence contracts can be substantial and therefore, the timing of, or failure to receive, awards and associated cash advances and milestone payments could materially affect the Group's profits and cash flows for the periods affected, thereby reducing cash available to meet the Group's cash allocation priorities, potentially resulting in the need to arrange external funding and impacting its investment grade credit rating.	The Group's balance sheet continues to be managed conservatively in line with its policy to retain an investment grade credit rating and to ensure operating flexibility. The Group monitors a rolling forecast of its liquidity requirements to ensure that there is sufficient cash to meet its operational needs and maintain adequate headroom.
Pension funding The Group has an aggregate funding deficit in its defined benefit pension schemes.
In aggregate, there is an actuarial deficit between the value of the projected liabilities of the Group's defined benefit pension schemes and the assets they hold. The funding deficits may be adversely affected by changes in a number of factors, including investment returns and members' anticipated longevity.	Increases in pension scheme deficits may require the Group to increase the amount of cash contributions payable to these schemes, thereby reducing cash available to meet the Group's other cash allocation priorities.	In the UK, new employees have been offered membership of defined contribution rather than defined benefit schemes since April 2012 and, in the US, employees have not accrued salary-related benefits in defined benefit schemes since January 2013. In October 2019 the assets and liabilities of six of the Group's pension schemes were consolidated into a single scheme. This was carried out to drive long-term efficiencies. Following the merger, the Company and Trustees agreed to carry out an early triennial funding valuation as at 31 October 2019. In February 2020 that valuation and deficit recovery plan were agreed with the Trustees after consultation with The Pensions Regulator in the UK. The funding deficit as at 31 October 2019 was £1.9bn. As part of the valuation agreement, the Company paid £1bn into the Scheme in April 2020, representing an advancement of £1bn of deficit contributions due between 2022 and 2026. The UK triennial funding valuations for the other smaller UK pension schemes dated 31 March 2020 are being finalised. As at the previous valuations these schemes were in surplus.
Laws and regulations The Group is subject to risk from a failure to comply with laws and regulations.
The Group operates in a highly-regulated environment across many jurisdictions and is subject, without limitation, to regulations relating to import-export controls, money laundering, false accounting, anti-bribery and anti-boycott provisions. It is important that the Group maintains a culture in which it focuses on embedding responsible business behaviours and that all employees act in accordance with the requirements of the Group's policies, including the Code of Conduct, at all times. Export restrictions could become more stringent and political factors or changing international circumstances could result in the Group being unable to obtain or maintain necessary export licences.	Failure by the Group, or its sales representatives, marketing advisers or others acting on its behalf, to comply with these regulations could result in fines and penalties and/or the suspension or debarment of the Group from government contracts or the suspension of the Group's export privileges, which could have a material adverse effect on the Group. Reduced access to export markets could have a material adverse effect on the Group's future results and financial condition.	BAE Systems has a well-established legal and regulatory compliance structure aimed at ensuring adherence to regulatory requirements and identifying restrictions that could adversely impact the Group's activities. Internal and external market risk assessments form an important element of ongoing corporate development and training processes. A uniform global policy and process for the appointment of advisers engaged in business development is in effect. BAE Systems continues to reinforce its ethics programme globally, driving the right behaviours by supporting employees in making ethical decisions and embedding responsible business practices.
Information technology security The Group could be negatively impacted by information technology security threats.
The security threats faced by the Group include threats to its information technology infrastructure, unlawful attempts to gain access to its proprietary or classified information and the potential for business disruptions associated with information technology failures.	Failure to combat these risks effectively could negatively impact the Group's reputation among its customers and the public, cause disruption to its business operations, and could result in a negative impact on the Group's future results and financial condition.	The Group has a broad range of measures in place, including appropriate tools and techniques, to monitor and mitigate this risk.
People The Group's strategy is dependent on its ability to recruit and retain people with appropriate talent and skills.
Delivery of the Group's strategy and business plan is dependent on its ability to compete to recruit and retain people with appropriate talent and skills, including those with innovative technological capabilities. The Group's business plan is targeting an increasing level of business in international export markets outside the US and UK. It is important that the Group recruits and retains management with the necessary international skills and experience in the relevant jurisdictions.	The loss of key employees or inability to attract the appropriate people on a timely basis could adversely impact the Group's ability to deliver its strategy, meet the business plan and, accordingly, have a negative impact on the Group's future results and financial condition.	The Group recognises that its employees are key to delivering its strategy and business plan, and focuses on developing the existing workforce and hiring talented people to meet current and future requirements. The Group has well-established graduate recruitment and apprenticeship programmes and, in order to maximise the contribution that its workforce can make to the performance of the business, has an effective through-career capability development programme. In order to seek to maximise its talent pool, the Group is committed to creating a diverse and inclusive environment for its employees.
Acquisitions The anticipated benefits of acquisitions may not be achieved.
BAE Systems considers investment in value-enhancing acquisitions where market conditions are right and where they deliver on its strategy. Whether BAE Systems realises the anticipated benefits from these transactions depends upon the successful integration of the acquired businesses as well as their post-acquisition performance in the markets in which they operate.	The diversion of management attention to integration efforts and the performance of the acquired businesses below expectations could adversely affect BAE Systems' business and create the risk of impairments arising on goodwill and other intangible assets.	The Group has established policies in place to manage the acquisition process, monitor the integration and performance of acquired businesses, and identify potential impairments.
Climate change and the environment The Group may be impacted by environmental factors, including those relating to climate change.
The Group is subject to comprehensive environmental laws and regulations in each of the countries in which it operates, including those relating to the impacts of climate change. Such laws and regulations impose standards with respect to air emissions, wastewater discharges, the use, handling and storage of hazardous wastes and materials, remediation of soil and groundwater contamination and the prevention of pollution. They can also include energy-related taxes and the increased costs of compliance with energy-related schemes. The Group may also be impacted by environmental factors, including those arising from climate change, such as scarcity of water and other resources as well as extreme weather events such as, for example, flooding and storms.	Environmental factors, including those relating to climate change, have the potential to materially impact our business and operations. Increasing changes in environmental laws and regulations can expose the Company to increasing capital and operating costs associated with compliance, remediation and protection of the environment. Breaches of such laws and regulations can result in substantial costs, including fines, penalties or other sanctions, investigations and clean-up costs, and third-party claims for property damage or personal injury as well as the termination of permits.	We have taken a business-led approach to setting reduction targets and driving improvement programmes and activities to reduce our environmental impacts. We have an environmental management system in place for all of our businesses and short- and long-term risks relating to the environment and climate change, including those arising from current and emerging regulation, are built into these business environmental management systems. These systems enable us to define issues and set appropriate targets for the reduction of environmental and climate change impacts and risks. Understanding how the business may be impacted by environmental factors is also a key component of how we seek to mitigate emerging, medium- and longer-term risk. BAE Systems uses analytical tools to apply natural catastrophe classifications to each of its sites worldwide. This has informed our strategy as to where to target a programme of specific flood, windstorm and earthquake assessments of our sites and implement the subsequent risk reduction recommendations. In 2020, we conducted a refresh of this data and during 2021 we will be modelling climate scenarios for 2030, 2050 and 2085.

Segmental review

Electronic Systems

Electronic Systems comprises the US- and UK-based electronics activities, including electronic warfare systems, navigation systems, electro-optical sensors, military and commercial digital engine and flight controls, precision guidance and seeker solutions, next-generation military communications systems and data links, persistent surveillance capabilities, space electronics and electric drive propulsion systems.

Electronic Combat Solutions designs, builds and supports integrated electronic warfare systems for platform prime and government customers, and is an affordable and dependable mission systems provider for all three electronic warfare missions: electronic attack; electronic protection; and electronic support.

Countermeasure & Electromagnetic Attack Solutions provides next-generation threat detection, countermeasure, and attack solutions that deliver full-spectrum electronic warfare capabilities to enhance mission survivability.

Precision Strike & Sensing Solutions designs and manufactures state-of-the-art systems and technology that enable our customers to execute their precision strike missions.

C4ISR Systems provides actionable intelligence through innovative technical solutions for airborne persistent surveillance, identification systems, signals intelligence, underwater and surface warfare solutions, and space resiliency products.

Controls & Avionics Solutions develops and produces electronics for military and commercial aircraft, including fly-by-wire flight controls, full authority digital engine controls, cabin management systems and mission computers.

Power & Propulsion Solutions delivers propulsion and power management performance with innovative electrification products and solutions that advance vehicle mobility, efficiency, and capability.

Operational and strategic key points

· Airborne Tactical Radios and Military Global Positioning System acquisitions completed, performing well and integrations are progressing.

· F-35 electronic warfare systems for Lot 12 completed, surpassing cumulative programme deliveries of 800 electronic warfare systems as of year end.

· Successful demonstration of APKWS^® ground-launch capability.

· Terminal High Altitude Area Defense (THAAD) seeker executing at full-rate production, and receipt of additional order to design and manufacture next-generation infrared seekers.

· Continued classified work.

· Demand in the commercial business lines of Controls & Avionics Solutions and Power & Propulsion Solutions has been negatively impacted by COVID-19.

Financial performance

Financial performance measures as defined by the Group

		2020	2019
Sales	KPI	£4,557m	£4,439m
Underlying EBITA	KPI	£684m	£687m
Return on sales		15.0%	15.5%
Operating business cash flow	KPI	£580m	£672m
Order intake¹	KPI	£4,722m	£5,023m
Order backlog¹		£6.5bn	£6.0bn

Financial performance measures defined in IFRS²

	2020	2019
Revenue	£4,557m	£4,439m
Operating profit	£648m	£672m
Return on revenue	14.2%	15.1%
Cash flow from operating activities	£767m	£833m
Order book	£5.3bn	£4.9bn

· Sales in our Electronic Systems defence business grew by 12%, with almost half of that growth coming from our acquisitions.

· Our commercial operations were impacted by COVID-19, though overall segment sales growth was around 3%.

· Underlying EBITA was in line with the prior year, although return on sales was lower, reflecting the fall in higher margin commercial revenues.

· The sector continued to deliver high cash conversion³ levels.

· Order backlog benefited from orders for F-35 electronic warfare systems, the Precision Strike business and C4ISR programmes.

Page 20 Alternative performance measure definitions

1. Including share of equity accounted investments.

2. International Financial Reporting Standards.

3. Operating business cash flow as a percentage of underlying EBITA.

Operational performance and COVID-19 impact

The defence electronics businesses were generally able to maintain operational workflows despite the COVID-19 pandemic. This lesser impact on defence operations helped to offset the significantly reduced demand for commercial avionics products and related aftermarket services, as well as the sector's urban transit bus solutions. As a result, the business adjusted its US workforce accordingly to reflect the reduced requirements. While impacts on the air travel and mass transit markets are being realised in the near term, as a virus vaccine becomes available and the pandemic recovery proceeds, we would expect an eventual return of overall demand for which the business is well positioned.

Electronic Combat Solutions

The F-35 Lightning II programme completed deliveries for Lot 12 and has delivered a cumulative total of 830 electronic warfare systems as of year end. We also continue to support the Block 4 modernisation efforts under multiple contracts worth approximately $400m (£293m), and we continue to operate under a five-year Performance-Based Logistics contract to provide material availability and support for the F-35 sustainment programme.

Executing on our current contract from Boeing, we continue to deliver our next-generation electronic warfare Eagle Passive Active Warning Survivability System to support the upgrade of the US Air Force F-15 platform and support the testing on F-15E test aircraft at both Eglin and Edwards Air Force Bases. The programme passed a critical Department of Defense milestone in late 2020, culminating in the programme's approval to enter the Low-Rate Initial Production phase in December.

We are also under contract to install the Digital Electronic Warfare System on new and existing F-15 aircraft to provide advanced electronic warfare capability, and to provide spare units and modules for domestic and international customers, including the provision of hardware and software to support the first successful flight of the F-15QA fighter under a Qatar Foreign Military Sale programme.

Under a $140m (£102m) contract with Lockheed Martin for Lots 2 and 3, we are producing the sensor technology for the Long Range Anti-Ship Missile (LRASM). We are also executing a Diminishing Material Sources contract for the next configuration of LRASM and have received a $38m (£28m) contract for the LRASM Improvement Program to enhance the overall performance of the missile.

Due to the sensitive nature of electronic combat systems and technology, many of our programmes are classified. These include our work as a world leader in electronic warfare providing next-generation technologies in support of our US military customers and our allies.

Countermeasure & Electromagnetic Attack Solutions

The Compass Call programme is currently executing contracts worth in excess of $600m (£439m). The team continues to sustain and upgrade prime mission equipment on the existing EC-130H fleet, and is progressing the cross-decking of the mission system to a special-mission Gulfstream G550 jet. This aircraft will be designated as the EC-37B and is targeted to field in 2024.

We received $179m (£131m) in US Army funding for the Limited Interim Missile Warning System programme for the first two production lot orders, and to advance efforts to enable fielding on other Army rotary-wing aircraft. In parallel, the team continues to support government testing.

Precision Strike & Sensing Solutions

The acquisition of the Military Global Positioning System business in July advances our world-class Navigation & Sensor Systems offerings with the development of next-generation GPS technologies for the US military and its allies. In November, we were among three companies to collectively receive US Space Force awards totalling more than $550m (£402m) over five years from the Space and Missile Systems Center to develop and produce next-generation integrated circuit cards for military GPS receivers that are compatible with the secure M-Code signal.

The APKWS^® laser-guided rocket programme provides guidance sections for 70mm rockets for US military rotary- and fixed-wing platforms. In addition to generating international interest, the programme announced a successful demonstration of ground-launch capability. The programme is executing under two Indefinite Delivery contracts, with awards totalling $385m (£282m) received.

The Terminal High Altitude Area Defense (THAAD) seeker programme was awarded a contract and is executing at full-rate production, providing critical targeting technology that helps to protect the US and its allies from ballistic missiles. The programme has also initiated work to design and manufacture the next-generation THAAD infrared seekers.

C4ISR Systems

In May, we acquired the assets of the Airborne Tactical Radios business, advancing our strategic objective to pursue and deliver long-term growth and expand our full spectrum communications portfolio with multi-band radios and advanced cryptographic technologies. Under a legacy Indefinite Delivery, Indefinite Quantity (IDIQ) contract from the US Army, we were awarded $83m (£61m) in delivery orders for 1,124 ARC-231A radio systems at full-rate production levels. The ARC-231A is software-defined and can accommodate rapid upgrades without requiring the radio to be removed from its platform.

We affirmed our position as a leader in Link 16 technology, receiving a contract worth up to nearly $1bn (£0.7bn) to produce, retrofit, and sustain joint tactical radios for the US Navy through our Data Link Solutions venture with Collins Aerospace.

We are experiencing steady growth in signals intelligence, where we captured a development and production programme worth up to $190m (£139m) for a new mission, advanced SIGINT payload. In the space domain, we remain a leading provider of resilient, space-qualified subsystems and components. We were awarded a sole-source contract worth up to $188m (£138m) to continue a vital national security mission.

Controls & Avionics Solutions

The business continues to develop the integrated flight control electronics and remote electronic units for the new Boeing 777X airplane family. The flight control system is performing as expected during flight testing and we continue to complete software updates and systems verification testing in support of aircraft certification. Boeing has also restarted production of the 737 MAX and the aircraft has returned to service.

The business was selected to develop the flight control system for Aerion's AS2 supersonic jet, reaffirming our market-leading position in flight controls.

Our engine control product line continues to perform well across our legacy portfolio with FADEC International and FADEC Alliance, a joint venture between GE Aviation and FADEC International (our joint venture with Safran Electronics & Defense). The next-generation engine control for the engine that powers the 777X aircraft received FAA certification and continues to support the flight test programme.

Our active inceptors received certification and are now in service on the Gulfstream G500 and G600, with initial production and flight testing ongoing for the G700. A derivative, LinkEdge^™ (Active Parallel Actuation Subsystem), is in qualification for the Chinook CH-47.

Development of the F-35 vehicle management computer technology refresh is proceeding to plan, and we are actively working towards a sustainment contract for the active inceptor systems.

We also continue to progress our autonomous mission technologies and were awarded an IDIQ contract by the US Air Force for the Skyborg programme. The next call is to compete for the digital design phase for a low-cost attritable vehicle.

Power & Propulsion Solutions

In the first half of the year, Alexander Dennis Limited selected BAE Systems' clean propulsion systems to power up to 600 buses for the new fleet of the Republic of Ireland's National Transport Authority. In addition, New York City Transit solidified its commitment to green technology by maximising the full order of 435 BAE Systems-powered electric drive buses, and our Series-ER (Electric Range) electric drive propulsion solution is helping San Francisco address green zones set up in population-dense areas affected by air pollution. The business has also begun to address emerging demand for similar technology in the marine and military sectors.

Looking forward

Forward-looking information for the Electronic Systems reporting segment is provided later in this report.

Page 88 Segmental looking forward

Cyber & Intelligence

Cyber & Intelligence comprises the US-based Intelligence & Security business and UK-headquartered Applied Intelligence business, and covers the Group's cyber security, secure government and commercial financial security activities.

Intelligence & Security comprises the three US-based businesses.

Air Force Solutions focuses on providing the US Air Force, US Space Force and the combatant commands with innovative systems engineering and integration solutions to help to modernise, maintain, test, and cyber-harden aircraft, radars, strategic missile systems, mission applications, and information systems that detect, deter and dissuade threats to national security.

Integrated Defense Solutions provides the US Army, Navy, and federal civilian markets with systems engineering, integration, and sustainment services for critical weapons and C5ISR systems and enterprise IT networks and cyber security that enhance mission effectiveness. Our solutions are deployed across platforms and networks in the air, maritime, land, and cyber domains.

Intelligence Solutions provides innovative mission-enabling solutions and services to enhance the collection, analysis, and processing of data through automation, augmented analytics, and artificial intelligence/machine learning across US civilian and military intelligence communities. Our business also develops and deploys high-assurance networks that facilitate the secure sharing of data amongst intelligence agencies in support of national security.

Applied Intelligence provides data intelligence solutions which enable governments and commercial organisations to defend against national-scale threats, protect their networks and data against sophisticated attacks and operate successfully in cyberspace. Our solutions are delivered as licensed technologies and via consulting and systems integration projects.

Government is focused on delivering national security and intelligence solutions to the UK and allied international governments. The business also delivers enterprise-level data and digital services to UK government departments.

Financial Services delivers anti-fraud and regulatory compliance solutions to banking and insurance customers across Europe, North America, the Middle East, Africa and Asia-Pacific .

Operational and strategic key points

Intelligence & Security

· US-based Intelligence & Security business continues to maintain its bid pipeline, perform on existing contracts and win new orders. All three businesses delivered a book-to-bill² ratio of over one.

· Awarded a seven-year, $495m (£362m) contract on Instrumentation Range Support Programme.

· Multi-year Indefinite Delivery, Indefinite Quantity contract received to provide electronic hardware and engineering services for a US government customer.

· Our Federated Secure Cloud technology approach and processes are being employed to maintain and secure US Army Cyber Command's virtual desktop infrastructure.

Applied Intelligence

· Strong order intake, revenue and profitability performance in the core underlying business driven by the Government business unit.

· Significant profit growth year-on-year due to cycling the restructuring of the Technology & Commercial business in 2019.

· Sale of the US-based software-as-a-service business completed in November.

Financial performance

Financial performance measures as defined by the Group

			2020	2019
Sales	KPI	£1,812m		£1,732m
Underlying EBITA	KPI	£136m		£91m
Return on sales		7.5%		5.3%
Operating business cash flow	KPI	£221m		£68m
Order intake¹	KPI	£1,987m		£1,846m
Order backlog¹		£1.7bn		£1.8bn

Financial performance measures defined in IFRS³

	2020	2019
Revenue	£1,812m	£1,732m
Operating profit	£138m	£80m
Return on revenue	7.6%	4.6%
Cash flow from operating activities	£251m	£99m
Order book	£1.1bn	£1.1bn

· Sales grew by 5%. Applied Intelligence was stable with more than 10% growth in its Government Services business, offset by weaker demand in Financial Services. The US Intelligence & Security business grew sales by 7% with growth across all three of its businesses.

· Underlying EBITA improved as Applied Intelligence returned to profitability following the action taken on restructuring.

· Operating business cash flow benefited throughout the year from accelerated collections on a number of government contracts.

· Order backlog was slightly reduced, mainly as a result of the Silversky disposal.

Page 20 Alternative performance measure definitions

1. Ratio of Order intake to Sales.

2. Including share of equity accounted investments.

3. International Financial Reporting Standards.

Operational performance and COVID-19 impact

Intelligence & Security

In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, we activated a Pandemic Management Response Plan to ensure continued support of our customers' missions while mitigating any impacts to our employees' safety.

We implemented measures to protect the health and wellbeing of all sector employees, to include social distancing through 60% of our employees working remotely, and others moving to shift work to reduce on-site workforce numbers. Where employees are required to work on location, we have fulfilled guidelines on social distancing, PPE, quarantines and enhanced cleaning measures.

Supply chain issues resulting from COVID-19 were minimised through supplier outreach and monitoring. Proactive customer notifications helped to identify effective mitigation strategies and resulted in revised delivery schedules to maintain on-time delivery metrics. Contract modifications were secured that allowed billing for programmes impacted by COVID-19 as contemplated by the CARES (Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security) Act Section 3610.

Actions were taken to support business liquidity, to include partnering with our Intelligence Community customers to minimise revenue impacts through CARES Act Section 3610, and the implementation of strong cash management and appropriate cost reduction measures to mitigate COVID-19's profit impact.

Across our government customers, the pandemic has caused some delays in the acquisition process as requests for proposals, as well as recompete and new contract awards have been pushed back.

Air Force Solutions

We were awarded a seven-year, $495m (£362m), Indefinite Delivery, Indefinite Quantity contract on the Instrumentation Range Support Programme (IRSP) to provide logistics sustainment support to the US Space Force for instrumentation tracking (radar, telemetry and optics) systems located around the world. Under IRSP, we have been a radar sustainment contractor of choice since 1985, providing support, sustainment and maintenance services for instrumentation systems at test ranges around the world. This single award contract has a ceiling value of $945m (£691m) over the seven-year performance period.

On the US Air Force Intercontinental Ballistic Missile Integration Support Contractor programme, we continue to provide programme management, systems engineering, integration and testing, sustainment and cyber defence support, and cumulative funding is approaching the $1.1bn (£0.8bn) contractual ceiling.

We were awarded a multi-year Indefinite Delivery, Indefinite Quantity contract with an expected lifecycle value of $474m (£347m) to provide electronic hardware and engineering services for a US government customer.

We were awarded a five-year, $67m (£49m) contract for obsolescence management services across multiple platforms and weapon systems for the US Air Force, which we have been supporting for nearly 30 years.

Our Enterprise IT Solutions business won a recompete for a five-year $85m (£62m) contract with the Air Force Research Laboratories for systems engineering, evaluation, and analysis.

We won a multi-year US Navy award worth $27m (£20m) for KC-130J Large Aircraft Infrared Countermeasures installations.

Internationally, we also received $48m (£35m) in firm fixed-price awards for new radar and mid-life upgrade systems from the French Directorate General of Armaments.

Integrated Defense Solutions

We are executing the fifth year of a five-year, $368m (£269m) sole-source contract to support weapon systems on board US Ohio and UK Vanguard Class submarines, as well as future US Columbia Class and UK Dreadnought Class submarines.

We were awarded a five-year, $94m (£69m) US Navy contract to provide engineering, test, and evaluation support for sensors and communication, control, and weapons systems for various manned and unmanned airborne platforms.

After 15 years of strong performance, we were awarded a five-year, $66m (£48m) follow-on contract to provide platform integration, systems analysis, and In-Service Engineering Agent support for US Marine Corps future systems and other fielded tactical Air Traffic Control systems for the US Navy, US Marine Corps, US Army, and US Air Force.

The business was awarded a five-year, $188m (£138m) US Navy contract to provide critical large-scale system engineering, integration and testing expertise for the AEGIS Weapons and Combat Systems aboard the Navy's surface combatant ships.

The US Navy awarded us a prime position on a ten-year, Indefinite Delivery, Indefinite Quantity contract with an expected lifecycle value of $150m (£110m) to provide full-rate production of mission system avionics and aircraft components, and production and installation of modification kits for the Naval Air Warfare Center Aircraft Division.

We were awarded a ten-year renewal of our Bankruptcy Noticing Center contract with a lifecycle value of $106m (£78m) to distribute documents for the US Bankruptcy Courts to creditors.

Intelligence Solutions

We successfully completed designing, building, deploying, and testing the secure IT infrastructure for multiple networks at the new headquarters for US Army Cyber Command at Fort Gordon, Georgia. Our performance earned us a $12m (£9m) contract for operations, support, and maintenance services, which will utilise our Federated Secure Cloud approach and processes to implement and maintain the US Army Cyber Command's Multiple Independent Levels of Security virtual desktop infrastructure.

We were awarded one of three contracts by the US Marine Corps to develop a prototype design of a new state-of-the-art Wargaming Center in Quantico, Virginia. Our award, valued at $19m (£14m), represents new work for us and will integrate advanced technologies, including artificial intelligence, machine learning, game theory, multi-domain modelling and simulation, and predictive data analytics to bring rigour to many wargaming processes.

We were selected as a subcontractor to support prime teams for two new opportunities: the seven-year Federal Systems Integration and Management Center Pathfinder contract with an expected lifecycle value of $50m (£37m) to provide professional services for operations and intelligence support and management; and the five-year Joint Artificial Intelligence Center Joint Warfighting National Mission Initiative contract with an expected lifecycle value of $90m (£66m) to provide a full spectrum of technical support and deliver AI-enabled systems.

Applied Intelligence

Applied Intelligence delivered a significant increase in profit during 2020 driven by strong operational performance and the cycling of restructuring charges incurred in 2019 relating to the divestment of the legacy Technology & Commercial business. During 2020 the divestment activity was concluded with the sale of the US-based software-as-a-service business (Silversky) completing in November following the divestment of the Enterprise Managed Security Services in April. The underlying core business has continued to deliver positive revenue growth, driven by strong order intake in the Government business, and improved profitability from high levels of productivity and a significant focus on cost reduction.

The business has continued to operate at full capacity throughout the global pandemic. Significant focus has been directed to employee wellbeing and remote working in order to enable teams to continue to deliver effectively. The health and safety of employees is always a priority, with the large majority of employees working from home and investments made in creating COVID-19 secure office spaces where necessary.

Government

The Government business has delivered strong order intake driven by the International and Central Government business units. Revenue growth has benefited from a strong performance in the National Security business, following the large multi-year deals signed in 2019, and the Defence business which has benefited from growth in major Ministry of Defence programmes. The business has delivered a strong operational performance, with high levels of utilisation benefiting revenue generation and profitability.

Financial Services

The Financial Services business launched NetReveal 360° in July. This new product opens up a wider market of customers looking for a comprehensive and competitively-priced compliance solution hosted in the cloud. The business has seen some slippage in order intake throughout the year due to the pandemic. Focus on operational efficiency and cost reduction has limited impacts on profitability.

Looking forward

Forward-looking information for the Cyber & Intelligence reporting segment is provided later in this report.

Page 88 Segmental looking forward

Platforms & Services (US)

Platforms & Services (US), with operations in the US, UK and Sweden, manufactures and upgrades combat vehicles, weapons and munitions, and delivers services and sustainment activities, including naval ship repair, and the management and operation of government-owned munitions facilities.

Combat Mission Systems focuses on a portfolio of tracked combat vehicles, amphibious vehicles, protection systems, naval weapons, artillery, advanced weapons and precision munitions for the US military and international customers.

Ordnance Systems is the operator of the US Army's Holston and Radford facilities under government-owned, contractor-operated arrangements, and focuses on high explosives, propellants, and facility modernisation.

US Ship Repair is a major provider of non-nuclear ship repair, modernisation, overhaul and conversions to the US Navy, government and commercial maritime customers. It has four operational sites in the US located on the Atlantic and Pacific coasts, and Hawaii.

BAE Systems Hägglunds focuses on the tracked vehicle market for Swedish and international customers.

BAE Systems Bofors provides advanced land and maritime weapons and precision-guided munitions.

Weapon Systems UK is a provider of land-based artillery systems with the M777 towed ultra-lightweight howitzer as its main product.

FNSS , the Turkish land systems business in which BAE Systems holds a 49% interest, produces and upgrades tracked and wheeled military vehicles for Turkish and international customers .

Operational and strategic key points

· Delivery of the first production Armored Multi-Purpose Vehicles took place in the second half; one of each of the five variants delivered by year end.

· Amphibious Combat Vehicle programme moved to full-rate production phase after Initial Operational Capability declared.

· Delivery of more than 50 production Bradley A4 vehicles.

· New US Navy contract modifications totalling $114m (£83m) for Mk45 Mod 4 upgrades.

· Initial deliveries of Virginia Payload Module tubes completed.

· Ship Repair secured more than $1bn (£0.7bn) in US Navy maintenance and modernisation orders.

· Ordnance Systems received $233m (£170m) in modernisation contracts.

· Contracted to provide five 57Mk3 and ten 40Mk4 naval gun systems for the UK Royal Navy's Type 31 frigates.

· Operational delays and disruptions related to the COVID-19 pandemic were experienced across manufacturing and shipyard facilities.

Financial performance

Financial performance measures as defined by the Group

		2020	2019
Sales	KPI	£3,503m	£3,337m
Underlying EBITA	KPI	£195m	£267m
Return on sales		5.6%	8.0%
Operating business cash flow	KPI	£382m	£241m
Order intake¹	KPI	£4,137m	£4,020m
Order backlog¹		£6.1bn	£5.8bn

Financial performance measures defined in IFRS²

	2020	2019
Revenue	£3,399m	£3,185m
Operating profit	£183m	£239m
Return on revenue	5.4%	7.5%
Cash flow from operating activities	£458m	£305m
Order book	£5.6bn	£5.1bn

· Sales grew by 5% as the ramp in US combat vehicles continued. US Ship Repair and M777 sales to India were challenged due to COVID-19 with volumes down compared to the prior year.

· Underlying EBITA was lower than the prior year, primarily due to the impacts of COVID-19 in Ship Repair and on the Armored Multi-Purpose Vehicle programme where less developed supply chains were particularly affected.

· Operating business cash flow was higher, from improved working capital in combat vehicles, an advance payment received for Switzerland's CV90 programme, and lower customer cash retentions in Ship Repair.

· Orders worth more than $2.6bn (£1.9bn) were received on multiple combat vehicle programmes, and more than $1bn (£0.7bn) in the Ship Repair business.

Page 20 Alternative performance measure definitions

1. Including share of equity accounted investments.

2. International Financial Reporting Standards.

Operational performance and COVID-19 impact

Overall, our manufacturing facilities and shipyards have continued to operate with the implementation of pandemic safety measures. Despite these measures, operational disruptions have resulted in delivery delays on most vehicle programmes, some stemming from a temporary pause in manufacturing operations at our York, Pennsylvania manufacturing hub to implement expanded preventative measures. In addition, significant interruptions, delays and performance challenges were experienced in shipyard work and awards.

Whilst the majority of office-based employees are working remotely, employee furloughs have occurred during the year where programme demand has slowed, and some reductions were taken to address changing business needs across the segment. We are working with our customers to meet programme requirements, and when there is a COVID-19 impact, we are engaging quickly to determine levels of disruption and maintaining open dialogues to establish new delivery schedules as appropriate.

Combat Mission Systems

While some schedule adjustments have been required due to the pandemic, related supply chain impacts and challenges associated with the early phases of new programmes, Combat Mission Systems continues to make progress towards achieving consistent production throughput across multiple programmes. Investments in facilities and new manufacturing technologies, including automation and robotic welding, are delivering long-term benefits. Despite the effects of the pandemic, we more than tripled our monthly vehicle production in 2020.

We continue to deliver Amphibious Combat Vehicles (ACVs) to the US Marine Corps under Low-Rate Initial Production contracts totalling $599m (£438m) for 116 vehicles. Design and development have begun on new ACV mission variants, and a 30mm gun system for the ACV-30 weapons variant was selected. The Marine Corps declared Initial Operational Capability for the ACV, and in December awarded a $184m (£135m) contract for full-rate production of 36 ACVs.

We continue to work on the US Army's Armored Multi-Purpose Vehicle (AMPV) programme under contracts worth $1.3bn (£1.0bn). The first production AMPVs were delivered in August, and deliveries of each of the five variants followed later in the second half.

Progress continues on the M109A7 programme under cumulative awards totalling approximately $1.5bn (£1.1bn) for 204 vehicle sets. Following the full-rate production decision, we received a $339m (£248m) contract in March for 48 vehicle sets. We are also supporting the customer-led integration efforts for the Extended Range Cannon Artillery on the M109A7 to nearly double the range of the gun system.

Work has begun to upgrade Bradley vehicles to the A4 configuration. Following the June award, we have received contracts totalling $848m (£620m) for 491 vehicles, with more than 50 delivered by year end.

We are executing on a $32m (£23m) prototype contract received in July from the US Army's Rapid Capabilities and Critical Technologies Office to integrate a Hybrid-Electric Drive system onto Bradley Fighting Vehicles.

We continue to produce and sustain the US Army's M88 recovery vehicles, including under a contract valued at $148m (£108m) to upgrade 43 vehicles from the M88A1 to the M88A2 HERCULES configuration, and a $318m (£233m) contract to develop and test upgrades for the next-generation M88A3 configuration to restore single-vehicle recovery capability. In October, we secured a $127m (£93m) contract for 38 M88A2 HERCULES vehicles - 19 for the US Army and 19 for Kuwait.

In addition, we have continued delivering on a programme for 36 Assault Amphibious Vehicles under a US government Foreign Military Sale.

In the weapon systems product line, we are producing Vertical Launch System missile canisters for the US Navy under initial awards totalling $166m (£121m), which could reach $955m (£699m) over five years if all options are exercised.

In addition to 2019 orders, we are working to deliver Mk45 Mod 4 gun systems to the US Navy, including 2020 contract modifications valued at $114m (£83m). Under a $19m (£14m) award, we started work to provide the US Navy and Coast Guard with Mk38 machine gun systems.

Initial deliveries began of the 37 Virginia Payload Module tubes for the US Navy's Block V Virginia Class submarines.

Ordnance Systems

We continue to operate and modernise the US Army's Radford and Holston ammunition plants, with a total of $233m (£170m) in modernisation orders received in the year. Operationally, implementing necessary, updated pandemic safety guidelines resulted in minor schedule and cost impacts. The Army is progressing towards a five-year extension for Radford operations and competition for the operation at Holston.

At Holston, modernisation activities continue, including the construction of a Weak Acid Recovery Plant, and multiple contracts for a natural gas-fired steam facility, a wastewater management facility, and the design, construction and commissioning of new production facilities.

At Radford, 2020 marked significant progress towards completion of construction of a modern nitrocellulose facility. We are actively managing subcontractor performance, cost, and schedule issues and disputes as we work towards commissioning of the facility.

US Ship Repair

The US Ship Repair business continues to conduct modernisation and maintenance activities for the US Navy's non-nuclear fleet, but experienced performance challenges throughout the year. We continue to monitor volume and timing impacts related to COVID-19, with delays in both contract awards and the start of work owing to availability issues. In 2020, we secured orders totalling approximately $1bn (£0.7bn), including a $200m (£146m) award to service the USS Boxer in San Diego. Additionally, we received a $197m (£144m) contract to sustain the USS Wasp in Norfolk and an $84m (£61m) award that could total $212m (£155m) to consecutively service the guided-missile destroyers USS Carney and USS Winston Churchill in Jacksonville.

As previously announced, we have begun to cease operations at our Hawaii shipyard, ahead of its closure in 2021.

BAE Systems Hägglunds

The Netherlands has started work to upgrade and extend the life of its CV9035 fleet, and we are working under a previous contract to integrate the Elbit Systems Iron Fist Active Protection System and an anti-tank guided-missile system on the vehicles. In October, we received a contract to convert the Dutch fleet of CV90s to composite band track, and a new contract worth over $500m (£366m) for mid-life upgrades was received in early 2021.

Work is progressing to refurbish the Swedish CV90 fleet, and deliveries are in process for the 40 CV90-based Mjölner mortar systems.

In November, we received a contract to extend the expected life of 186 Swiss Army CV90s to 2040. Discussions are underway with Finland and Norway for life extension of CV90s in their inventories. The Czech Republic's competitive procurement for a new fleet of infantry combat vehicles has been delayed due to COVID-19.

In our all-terrain vehicle portfolio, significant interest continued for new procurements to replace ageing BV 206 vehicles. We proposed our Beowulf unarmoured vehicle for the US Army's Cold Weather All-Terrain Vehicle prototype programme.

BAE Systems Bofors

We continue to deliver on Swedish and US Army contracts for the 155mm BONUS ammunition, including a US Army contract received in the first half. We are nearing completion of 24 additional ARCHER systems for Sweden. ARCHER was selected by the US Army for further evaluation for its wheeled howitzer requirements.

We are under multiple export contracts to deliver 40Mk4 and 57Mk3 naval gun systems, including a recent order for five 57Mk3s and ten 40Mk4s for the UK Royal Navy's Type 31 frigates. We are also delivering 57mm (Mk110) gun systems to the US Navy and Coast Guard.

Weapon Systems UK

Production of 145 M777s for the Indian Army continues under a $542m (£397m) Foreign Military Sales contract. UK production resumed after a brief pause due to the pandemic. Due to COVID-19, 36 guns originally to be built in-country will now be assembled in Barrow, UK.

FNSS

FNSS, our land systems joint venture based in Turkey, continues to produce 8x8 wheeled armoured vehicles for the Royal Malaysian Army. Deliveries continue under a contract with Oman for PARS wheeled armoured vehicles in 8x8 and 6x6 configurations, and work began to supply medium weight tanks to Indonesia.

Multiple contracts for the Turkish Armed Forces worth in excess of €670m (£600m) are progressing, including contracts for air defence vehicles, 27 assault amphibious vehicles and 100 special purpose 8x8 and 6x6 vehicles. Production began for 260 anti-tank vehicles, and a modernising programme for 133 armoured combat vehicles was also signed.

Looking forward

Forward-looking information for the Platforms & Services (US) reporting segment is provided later in this report.

Page 89 Segmental looking forward

Air

Air comprises the Group's UK-based air activities for European and International Markets, and US Programmes, and its businesses in Saudi Arabia and Australia, together with its 37.5% interest in the European MBDA joint venture.

Our UK-based business includes programmes for the production of Typhoon combat and Hawk trainer aircraft, support, training and upgrades for Typhoon, Tornado and Hawk aircraft, and development of next-generation Air Systems and defence information systems, as well as the UK-based F-35 Lightning II manufacture, engineering development and support activity.

In Saudi Arabia, the business provides operational capability support to the country's air and naval forces through UK/Saudi government-to-government programmes. The Saudi British Defence Co-operation Programme and Salam Typhoon project provide for multi-year contracts between the governments.

In Australia, the business primarily delivers upgrade and support programmes for customers in the defence and commercial sectors across the air, maritime and land domains. The business is also contracted for the Hunter Class nine-ship Future Frigate programme. Services contracts include the provision of sustainment, training solutions and upgrades.

MBDA is a leading global prime contractor of missiles and missile systems across the air, maritime and land domains.

Operational and strategic key points

· Contract secured to support the production of 38 Typhoon aircraft for the German Air Force.

· Qatar Typhoon and Hawk aircraft programme met its contractual milestones in the year.

· F-35 programme Lots 12 to 14 contract definitised following price agreement. 126 rear fuselage assemblies completed in the year, below the contracted level as a result of COVID-19 disruption. Ramp up to full-rate production in 2021.

· Governments of Italy and Sweden committed to working with the UK to develop next-generation combat air capability.

· A further six Hawk aircraft assembled in Saudi Arabia were accepted and entered service in-Kingdom.

· The design and production readiness phase of the Hunter Class Frigate programme for the Royal Australian Navy continues to make good progress.

· Sale of Advanced Electronics Company to Saudi Arabian Military Industries completed in February 2021.

Financial performance

Financial performance measures as defined by the Group

		2020	2019
Sales	KPI	£7,910m	£7,457m
Underlying EBITA	KPI	£941m	£887m
Return on sales		11.9%	11.9%
Operating business cash flow	KPI	£718m	£408m
Order intake¹	KPI	£6,494m	£4,594m
Order backlog¹		£22.5bn	£23.9bn

Financial performance measures defined in IFRS²

	2020	2019
Revenue	£6,593m	£6,153m
Operating profit	£862m	£777m
Return on revenue	13.1%	12.6%
Cash flow from operating activities	£917m	£497m
Order book	£16.5bn	£18.3bn

· Air sales grew by 6%, driven by F-35, Typhoon activity, and the ramp up in production on the Qatar Typhoon and Hawk programmes.

· Air delivered strong underlying EBITA in the second half, overcoming a significant amount of Q2 under-recoveries, and continued to save costs and retire risk on the back of good programme execution.

· Operating business cash flow benefited from advances received on the German Typhoon programme and enhanced funding on the F-35 programme.

· Orders included our share of the German Typhoon award, orders for radar upgrades, further F-35 awards and continued good demand through MBDA.

Page 20 Alternative performance measure definitions

1. Including share of equity accounted investments.

2. International Financial Reporting Standards.

Operational performance and COVID-19 impact

The COVID-19 pandemic affected all markets and countries in the Air sector, with the priority throughout the delivery of customer-critical activity whilst ensuring the safety and wellbeing of employees. Swift enactment of business continuity plans enabled safe systems of work to be developed and significant mitigation against the adverse financial effects of the pandemic, ensuring continuity of cash flow both from customers and into the supply chain.

Operations have been stable across our main markets with a significant number of employees continuing to work from home. Where roles cannot be performed at home, we have employees working at BAE Systems sites and customer locations, including Air Force bases, where we collaborate closely to ensure a safe system of work. The business has continued to adapt and enhance its protective measures, in particular with the emergence of second and third waves of the pandemic in the UK and with a number of our sites being located in areas with high rates of infection. Nonetheless, key outputs have been maintained and the productivity of remote working has continued to improve via enhancements to IT infrastructure and tools. Safe systems of work continue to be adapted to the local situation as required.

In Australia, there have continued to be intermittent outbreaks which have resulted in the imposition of varying restrictions by the states. The business is managing activity on site versus at-home working on a site-by-site basis to reflect these regional variations. International travel to and from Australia is likely to remain restricted until late 2021.

In Saudi Arabia, COVID-19 levels have reduced significantly over the last six months and the Saudi government has partially lifted the international air, land and sea border restrictions. This change has come as a welcome relief to employees and dependants alike. Operations returned to a normal level of activity in the last quarter of the year.

MBDA initiated its own business continuity plans in response to restrictions in Germany, Italy, France and the UK. All sites remain operational with appropriate safe and remote-working practices in place.

Across all markets, the business continues to work closely with its supply chain to manage any impacts from the COVID-19 pandemic and the downturn in the commercial aircraft market. Where suppliers have schedule or liquidity risk, mitigating actions have been implemented, as well as looking at dual source opportunities.

European and International Markets

We secured an order in excess of £1.2bn to support the production of a further 38 aircraft for the German Air Force to replace its original Typhoon Batch 1 aircraft.

Activity on the 24 Typhoon and nine Hawk aircraft and associated support and training contract for the Government of the State of Qatar progresses well, with all milestones achieved in the year.

Seven deliveries of major units under the Kuwait Typhoon contract, secured by Italian Eurofighter partner Leonardo, occurred in the period, with the remainder planned by 2022.

The final Tranche 3 Typhoon aircraft was delivered to Italy in October.

The UK Typhoon fleet continues to achieve the contracted flying hours, under its ten- year partnership arrangement. BAE Systems continues to support the European Partner Nations' own support arrangements.

During the first half of the year, the Group was asked to enter into negotiations with the Omani customer regarding a transition to a reduced scope support solution for the Typhoon fleet. These negotiations have concluded successfully, and an amended scope of work has been agreed to secure Typhoon support services in Oman until mid-2022.

Support to the Royal Air Force's UK fleet of Hawk fast jet trainer aircraft continues, with an interim extension to the availability contract received. We remain in discussions concerning the follow-on arrangement to support the Royal Air Force's UK fleet of Hawk fast jet trainer aircraft through a long-term availability contract.

The future electronically scanned European Common Radar Solution is progressing with initial entry into service contracted on Kuwait and Qatar aircraft. German and Spanish Air Forces have awarded contracts to enhance the capability of their in-service aircraft by upgrading some of their fleet with the new electronically scanned radar standard. The UK continues to fund activity for the future UK standard of weapon system and sensors.

The next phase of the Tempest technology maturation programme is progressing well. The UK, Swedish and Italian governments are engaged to develop the next-generation combat air capability.

The Group continues to invest in promising new and innovative technologies for the future. The PHASA-35^® solar-electric powered unmanned aircraft successfully completed its maiden flight in February, and completed 72 hours of continuous ground testing including communications payload. Discussions with a range of customers continue in the development of this technology and a range of services.

Our employees in Turkey continue to support the design and development phase of an indigenous fifth-generation fighter jet for the Turkish Air Force.

US Programmes

The production of F-35 rear fuselage assemblies will ramp up to full rate in 2021. In the year, 126 rear fuselage assembles were completed on the production contracts across Lots 11 to 14, falling below the contracted level as a result of the COVID-19 disruption. Contract negotiations for Lots 15 to 17 have commenced during the second half of the year and are likely to conclude during 2021.

We continue to support the Royal Navy and Royal Air Force in integrating the F-35 aircraft into its operational fleet and forward deployments.

BAE Systems continues to play a significant role on the F-35 sustainment programme including the supply of spares and technical support, software products, upgrades and specialist workforce services.

Saudi Arabia

Through the restructuring of the Group's portfolio of interests in its Kingdom of Saudi Arabia industrial companies, we are working in partnership with Saudi Arabian Military Industries (SAMI) to explore how we can collaborate to deliver further In-Kingdom Industrial Participation, in line with the Kingdom's National Transformation Plan and Vision 2030.

The Group is reliant on the continued approval of export licences by a number of governments in order to continue supplies to the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Following extensions granted by the German government to a number of export licences on joint collaborative programmes, we are working closely with industry partners and the UK government to continue to fulfil the contractual support arrangements in Saudi Arabia on the key European collaboration programmes. BAE Systems continues to perform on the contract secured in 2018 to provide Typhoon support services to the Royal Saudi Air Force through to 2022. Through this contract, the business also supports the Industrialisation of Defence capabilities in Saudi Arabia.

The Saudi British Defence Co-operation Programme five-year funding agreement through to 2021 comprises a number of contracts, including support to the Tornado fleet and provision of training for the Royal Saudi Air Force, as well as engineering and logistics services for the Royal Saudi Naval Forces. While we continue to meet the key contractual obligations under these contracts, there has been some disruption because of the COVID-19 pandemic.

A total of 12 Hawk aircraft assembled in-Kingdom have now been completed and entered service with the Royal Saudi Air Force, including six in the year. The Company has delivered all 22 major units to meet this final assembly programme.

We continue to reorganise our portfolio of interests in a number of industrial companies in Saudi Arabia. Riyadh Wings Aviation Academy LLC (RW) increased its ownership to 49% in the Group's Overhaul and Maintenance Company (OMC) subsidiary, completing the contract for RW to acquire this shareholding.

The SAMI purchase of Advanced Electronics Company completed in February 2021.

Australia

The Royal Australian Navy Hunter Class Frigate programme initial design and production readiness phase has successfully progressed into prototyping and remains on track for cut steel on Ship 1 in December 2022. BAE Systems Maritime Australia (formerly ASC Shipbuilding) has been fully integrated into the Australian operations and the handover of the new shipyard completed to schedule despite the COVID-19 pandemic.

The Jindalee Operational Radar Network continues to meet operational targets and the optimised delivery strategy on the upgrade programme is being implemented with the Commonwealth of Australia.

Rectification of outstanding warranty items continues to progress under the Landing Helicopter Docks Acquisition contract and the route to contract closure is being agreed.

Hawk Lead-in Fighter availability was affected by supply chain quality issues, however pilot training requirements for the Australian Defence Force have been met. Supply chain remediation has returned availability to required levels with some operational impacts still being resolved.

A bid submission to extend the service to 2031 was made in the year, with contract award expected in 2021.

Sustainment capability continues to grow for the regional F-35 fleet at our Williamtown facility, with 30 aircraft now on base, and aircraft depot-level maintenance work scheduled to commence in 2021.

Research and development activity in Australia has increased, with progress made supporting the Boeing Australia Loyal Wingman programme, the Australian Army Land Autonomy experimentation, and in data analytics for hypersonic missile defence.

MBDA

During 2020, MBDA continued to secure domestic and export orders. The business continues to expect to benefit from defence spending in a number of European countries and from international opportunities with several significant bids underway.

Orders for the Brimstone Capability Upgrade Programme, Spear 3 development and manufacturing contracts for the UK Armed Forces' air platforms, the Mid-Life Update of the Aster Air Defence missile for the French customer and the Teseo Mk2E development contract for the Italian customer were secured. The Future Cruise/Anti-Ship Weapon Assessment Phase contract (the Anglo/French co-operation programme to replace Storm Shadow/Harpoon in the UK and SCALP/Exocet in France) is now expected to be awarded in 2021.

Since the German TLVS (Ground-Based Air Defence System) down select decision in 2015, the MBDA/Lockheed Martin consortium provided its final offer in 2020, however, following the subsequent German Federal Ministry of Defence announcement to re-evaluate German Air Defence in its entirety, a TLVS contract is no longer planned for 2021.

MBDA has successfully adapted working practices during the COVID-19 pandemic, enabling good progress on a number of development programmes (including Spear 3, MICA NG and Aster Block 1 New Technology), continuing with production deliveries and providing support to its domestic and export customers.

Looking forward

Forward-looking information for the Air reporting segment is provided later in this report .

Page 89 Segmental looking forward

Maritime

Maritime comprises the Group's UK-based maritime and land activities.

Maritime programmes include the construction of seven Astute Class submarines for the Royal Navy, as well as the design and production of the Royal Navy's Dreadnought Class submarine and Type 26 frigate. Additionally the Maritime portfolio includes in-service support, including the delivery of training services and management of HM Naval Base Portsmouth and the design and manufacture of combat systems, torpedoes and radars.

Land UK's munitions business designs, develops and manufactures a comprehensive range of munitions products serving a number of customers including its main customer, the UK Ministry of Defence. Its RBSL joint venture with Rheinmetall is a UK-based military land vehicle design, manufacturing and support business. Land UK also develops and manufactures cased-telescoped weapons through its CTA International joint venture.

Operational and strategic key points

· The fourth Astute Class submarine, HMS Audacious, left our Barrow site in April to begin sea trials with the Royal Navy.

· Construction of the first two Dreadnought Class submarines continues to advance.

· The build phase of the River Class Offshore Patrol Vessel programme is now complete, with the fourth ship, HMS Tamar, handed over to the Royal Navy in March, and HMS Spey, the fifth and final ship, handed over in October.

· Construction of the first two City Class Type 26 frigates for the Royal Navy continues to progress.

· Acquisition of Techmodal, a UK data consultancy and digital services business, completed in August.

· Announcement of a 15-year agreement with the UK Ministry of Defence to supply the Next Generation Munitions Solution between 2023 and 2037.

· RBSL has secured its share of the Mechanised Infantry Vehicle Boxer programme.

Financial performance

Financial performance measures as defined by the Group

	2020	2019
Sales KPI	£3,257m	£3,116m
Underlying EBITA KPI	£306m	£268m
Return on sales	9.4%	8.6%
Operating business cash flow KPI	£243m	£150m
Order intake¹KPI	£3,772m	£2,875m
Order backlog¹	£9.1bn	£8.6bn

Financial performance measures defined in IFRS²

	2020	2019
Revenue	£3,195m	£3,071m
Operating profit	£272m	£253m
Return on revenue	8.5%	8.2%
Cash flow from operating activities	£317m	£289m
Order book	£8.5bn	£8.4bn

· Maritime sales grew by 4%, driven by the continued ramp up in Dreadnought activity, which now represents sales of more than £1bn per annum.

· Underlying EBITA benefited from improved programme performance.

· Cash flow improved on better programme performance and completion of the Offshore Patrol Vessel build programme.

· Order backlog benefited from ongoing Dreadnought funding. The Land business received the Next Generation Munitions Solution award, and the flow down of work to RBSL for the Boxer programme.

Page 20 Alternative performance measure definitions

1. Including share of equity accounted investments.

2. International Financial Reporting Standards.

Operational performance and COVID-19 impact

Maritime

Essential operations in support of the Royal Navy and other customers have been maintained throughout the COVID-19 pandemic. We continue to sustain operations, with approximately 9,000 employees working on our sites and the remainder working from home. On our sites, a range of safety measures have been implemented including reducing the number of employees on site, enhanced cleaning regimes, additional cleaning stations, reconfiguration of workspaces, social distancing, temperature checks, mandatory wearing of face coverings and the provision of appropriate PPE where required. At Submarines, a COVID-19 test and trace programme has been established for employees and visitors attending the business' sites with more than 8,000 tests being undertaken on average each week.

In parallel, while the pandemic has caused schedule pressures on a number of the sector's programmes, our businesses continue to work collaboratively with our main customer, the Ministry of Defence, and their supply chains to ensure that business and service continuity is maintained through the pandemic.

Naval Ships

All five River Class Offshore Patrol Vessels have now been accepted by the Ministry of Defence, with the final ship, HMS Spey, leaving Glasgow and arriving at her home port of Portsmouth Naval Base in October. The build phase of this programme is now complete with all five ships designed, constructed, commissioned and delivered in six years.

The first three City Class Type 26 frigates are on contract with construction underway on the first two ships. The programme continues to progress with all units of the first of class, HMS Glasgow, in construction. HMS Glasgow remains on track to be delivered to the Royal Navy in the mid-2020s. The second ship, HMS Cardiff, entered the manufacturing phase in August 2019 and approximately one-third of the units of the vessel are in construction. In the second half of 2020 a further five contracts were placed with UK suppliers worth more than £100m, supporting 250 jobs. The programme sustains more than 4,000 jobs in total across the UK.

The Canadian Surface Combatant team continues to work closely with Lockheed Martin Canada and Irving Shipbuilding, Inc. on the Preliminary Design Phase of the programme. With the signing of the Support Services contract in Q2 2020, the team is working closely with Irving Shipbuilding, Inc. to transfer product and process knowledge and shared experience of complex operations.

Submarines

BAE Systems Submarines is a member of the Dreadnought Alliance, working alongside the Submarine Delivery Agency and Rolls-Royce to deliver the replacement for the Royal Navy's Vanguard Class, which carries the UK's independent nuclear deterrent. The value of the programme to the Company to date is £5.9bn, with contract funding of £0.6bn received in 2020. Four Dreadnought Class submarines will be built in Barrow, with the first of these due to be in operational service in the early 2030s. Construction of the first and second submarines continues to advance. The major programme of investment to redevelop the Barrow site to support the delivery of Dreadnought is progressing, with a number of new facilities complete and in operation.

The first four Astute Class submarines have now been delivered to the Royal Navy, with the fourth boat, HMS Audacious, setting sail in April for its home naval base. The remaining three boats are at an advanced stage of construction, and the naming ceremony for the fifth boat, HMS Anson, took place in December. HMS Anson is scheduled to begin sea trials in 2022.

Maritime Services

Our Maritime Services business is responsible for management and maintenance of HM Naval Base Portsmouth and supports the Royal Navy's Portsmouth-based surface fleet, including the Type 45 destroyers, Queen Elizabeth Class aircraft carriers, Type 23 frigates and Hunt Class mine countermeasure vessels through the Maritime Support Delivery Framework contract. The Royal Navy's Offshore Patrol Vessels, including the new River Class Batch 2 ships, are also supported from Portsmouth under availability contracts.

HMS Queen Elizabeth, HMS Diamond, HMS Defender and HMS Kent were all successfully prepared and supported for the first deployment of the UK's new Carrier Strike Group as part of a NATO exercise in October.

All warship upkeeps, fleet time support periods and capability insertion periods were delivered to agreed schedules. The upkeep of HMS Dauntless was completed in May, and the ship was the first Type 45 to enter the Power Improvement Programme, being delivered by BAE Systems, Cammell Laird and BMT. New diesel generators have been installed and the ship is now approaching the commissioning phase.

We continue to deliver the £230m Torpedo Repair and Maintenance contract. Progress also continued on the £270m Spearfish torpedo upgrade programme. A seven-year contract worth up to £87m was secured with the US Navy for the manufacture, delivery and support of Archerfish mine neutralisers. This is the fourth consecutive Archerfish contract awarded by the US to BAE Systems since 2003.

We continue to provide radar support, upgrades and enhancements to the Royal Air Force and the Royal Navy.

The delivery of a new support system for HMS Victory under a contract to the National Museum of the Royal Navy was successfully completed.

We acquired Techmodal, a UK data consultancy and digital services business, in August. The acquisition supports both the BAE Systems digital and data strategy and the UK's Armed Forces digital transformation.

Land UK

Our Munitions business provides UK and international customers with a wide range of light and heavy munitions, as well as offering complementary support services for development, testing and evaluation.

Following the conclusion of negotiations with the UK Ministry of Defence, we announced a 15-year agreement with the UK Ministry of Defence to supply the Next Generation Munitions Solution between 2023 and 2037.

Our RBSL joint venture has secured the contract for its share of the work on the Mechanised Infantry Vehicle programme. RBSL will produce approximately half of the British Army's Boxer vehicles from its Telford facility. This marks a significant milestone for the programme and will create and sustain skilled jobs in and around Telford, as well as throughout the UK supply chain.

Looking forward

Forward-looking information for the Maritime reporting segment is provided later in this report.

Page 89 Segmental looking forward

Segmental looking forward

BAE Systems has five principal reporting segments, Electronic Systems, Cyber & Intelligence, Platforms & Services (US), Air and Maritime, which align with the strategic direction of the Group.

Electronic Systems is well positioned for growth in the medium term as it continues to address current and evolving US defence priority programmes from its strong franchise positions in electronic warfare, navigation systems, precision guidance and seeker solutions. Electronic Systems has a long-standing programme of research and development. Its focus remains on maintaining a diverse portfolio of defence and commercial products and capabilities for US and international customers. The business expects to benefit from its ability to apply innovative technology solutions that meet defence customers' changing requirements. As a result, the business is well positioned for the medium term with significant roles on F-35 Lightning II, F-15 upgrade, M-Code GPS upgrades and classified programmes, as well as with specific products such as APKWS^®. Over the longer term, the business is poised to leverage its technology strength in emerging areas of demand such as precision weaponry, space resilience, hyper-velocity and autonomous vehicles. With our electric drive propulsion capabilities we are well placed to continue to address the need for low- and zero-emission technology across an increasing number of platforms.

The commercial aviation market has been negatively impacted by the pandemic and is expected to take several years to recover to previous levels. The business has been scaled appropriately and Electronic Systems' technology innovations are enabling the business to maintain its long-standing customer positions and adjust as the market evolves.

Intelligence & Security

The outlook for the US government services sector is stable with the opportunity for modest mid-term growth, although market conditions remain highly competitive and continue to evolve in response to the change in administration and shifting government priorities. The US business remains well positioned and will continue to leverage its established market positions and reputation for reliable and adaptable performance to meet customer demands for innovative, cost-effective and cyber-hardened solutions to pursue both recompeted contracts and new business across its portfolio of sustainment, integration and modernisation solutions for military and intelligence customers.

Applied Intelligence

The services and products we offer in our Government business ensure that we are well placed to deliver growth as UK cyber budgets increase and cyber security becomes an increasingly important part of a nation's security. We continue to shape the Financial Services division to deliver growth given cyber is, and will continue to be, a core element of stewardship for companies in a sophisticated and persistent threat environment.

Platforms & Services (US) , with operations in the US, UK and Sweden, manufactures and upgrades combat vehicles, weapons and munitions, and delivers services and sustainment activities, including naval ship repair, and the management and operation of government-owned munitions facilities.

Combat Mission Systems is underpinned by a growing order backlog and incumbencies on key franchise programmes. These include the US Army's Armored Multi-Purpose Vehicle, M109A7 self-propelled howitzer, Bradley upgrade programmes, Amphibious Combat Vehicle, M88, as well as the CV90 and BvS10 export programmes from BAE Systems Hägglunds. FNSS continues to execute on its order book of both Turkish and international orders. These long-term contracts and franchise positions make the combat vehicles business well placed for growth in the medium term. The team is working on, and is closely following, the US Army's acquisition plans for its next generation of combat vehicles, in particular the Mobile Protected Firepower and Robotic Combat Vehicle programmes.

In the maritime domain, the sector has a strong position on naval gun programmes and US Navy ship repair activities where the business has invested in facilities in key home ports. This capitalised infrastructure represents a high barrier to entry, and the business remains well aligned to the US Navy's operational strategy and projected fleet increase.

The Group remains a leading provider of gun systems and precision strike capabilities and, in the complex ordnance manufacturing business, continues to manage and operate the US Army's Radford and Holston munitions facilities under previously awarded contracts.

Future Typhoon production and support sales are underpinned by existing contracts. Discussions continue in relation to potential further contract awards for Typhoon, which would extend current production revenues. Production of rear fuselage assemblies for the F-35 will increase in 2021 and is expected to be sustained at these levels. The business plays a significant role in the F-35 sustainment programme in support of Lockheed Martin, and revenues are set to grow as the number of aircraft deployed increases over the coming years. Defence and security remains a priority for the UK government. The UK Combat Air Strategy provides the base to enable long-term planning and investment in a key strategic part of the business.

In Saudi Arabia, the In-Kingdom Industrial Participation programme continues to make good progress consistent with our long-term strategy, as well as the Saudi Arabian government's National Transformation Plan and Vision 2030. Our in-Kingdom support business is expected to remain stable underpinned by long-standing contracts renewed every five years.

In order to provide ongoing capability to international customers, the Group is reliant on the continued approval of export licences by a number of governments. The withholding of such export licences may have an adverse effect on the Group's provision of capability to the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia and the Group will seek to work closely with the UK government to manage the impact of any such occurrence.

The Australian business has long-term sustainment and upgrade activities in maritime, air, wide-area surveillance, missile defence and electronic systems. It has expanded into ship design and production on the Hunter Class Frigate programme, which will drive growth in the coming years.

MBDA has a strong order backlog supporting future years' sales. Development programmes continue to improve the long-term capabilities of the business in air, land and sea domains.

Maritime comprises the Group's UK-based maritime and land activities.

The outlook is stable based on long-term contracted positions. Within Submarines, the business is executing on two long-term programmes. The Astute Class programme has three remaining boats in build. On the Dreadnought programme manufacturing activities continue on the first two boats of a four-boat programme. Investment continues in the Barrow facilities in order to provide the capabilities to deliver these long-term programmes through the decade and beyond. In shipbuilding, sales through the decade and beyond are underpinned by the manufacture of Type 26 frigates. The through-life support of surface ship platforms provides a sustainable business in technical services and mid-life upgrades.

Land UK

Future work will be underpinned by existing support contracts and the contracted workshare on the Mechanised Infantry Vehicle programme. Munitions supply continues under the Munitions Acquisition Supply Solution partnering agreement which will be followed in 2023 by the recently agreed 15-year Next Generation Munitions Solution.

Consolidated income statement for the year ended 31 December

		2020		2019
	Notes	£m	Total £m	£m	Total £m
Continuing operations
Revenue	1		19,277		18,305
Operating costs	2		(17,686)		(16,724)
Other income	4		270		150
Share of results of equity accounted investments	1		69		168
Operating profit	1		1,930		1,899
Financial income		17		27
Financial expense		(351)		(300)
Net finance costs	5		(334)		(273)
Profit before taxation			1,596		1,626
Taxation expense	6		(225)		(94)
Profit for the year			1,371		1,532
Attributable to:
Equity shareholders			1,299		1,476
Non-controlling interests			72		56
			1,371		1,532
Earnings per share	7
Basic earnings per share			40.7p		46.4p
Diluted earnings per share			40.5p		46.1p

Consolidated statement of comprehensive income for the year ended 31 December

		2020				2019
	Notes	Other reserves¹ £m	Retained earnings £m	Total £m	Other reserves¹ £m		Retained earnings £m	Total £m
Profit for the year		-	1,371	1,371		-	1,532	1,532
Other comprehensive income
Items that will not be reclassified to the income statement:
Subsidiaries:
Remeasurements on post-employment benefit schemes		-	(1,361)	(1,361)		-	(556)	(556)
Tax on items that will not be reclassified to the income statement	6	-	330	330		-	57	57
Equity accounted investments (net of tax)		-	(55)	(55)		-	(38)	(38)
Items that may be reclassified to the income statement:
Subsidiaries:
Currency translation on foreign currency net investments		(224)	-	(224)		(327)	-	(327)
Reclassification of cumulative currency translation reserve on disposal of subsidiary	19	(35)	-	(35)		(8)	-	(8)
Fair value gain arising on hedging instruments during the period		46	-	46		11	-	11
Cumulative fair value loss/(gain) on hedging instruments reclassified to the income statement		42	-	42		(7)	-	(7)
Tax on items that may be reclassified to the income statement	6	(16)	-	(16)		-	-	-
Equity accounted investments (net of tax)		(3)	-	(3)		6	-	6
Total other comprehensive income for the year (net of tax)		(190)	(1,086)	(1,276)		(325)	(537)	(862)
Total comprehensive income for the year		(190)	285	95		(325)	995	670
Attributable to:
Equity shareholders		(176)	213	37		(320)	940	620
Non-controlling interests		(14)	72	58		(5)	55	50
		(190)	285	95		(325)	995	670

1. An analysis of other reserves is provided in note 26 .

Consolidated statement of changes in equity for the year ended 31 December

		Attributable to equity holders of BAE Systems plc
	Notes	Issued share capital £m	Share premium £m	Other reserves¹ £m	Retained earnings £m	Total £m	Non-controlling interests £m	Total equity £m
Balance at 1 January 2020		87	1,249	6,156	(2,085)	5,407	104	5,511
Profit for the year		-	-	-	1,299	1,299	72	1,371
Total other comprehensive income for the year		-	-	(176)	(1,086)	(1,262)	(14)	(1,276)
Total comprehensive income for the year		-	-	(176)	213	37	58	95
Share-based payments (inclusive of tax)	31	-	-	-	73	73	-	73
Cumulative fair value gain on hedging instruments transferred to the balance sheet (net of tax)		-	-	(35)	-	(35)	-	(35)
Ordinary share dividends	26	-	-	-	(746)	(746)	(28)	(774)
Partial disposal of shareholding in subsidiary undertaking		-	-	(22)	(71)	(93)	144	51
At 31 December 2020		87	1,249	5,923	(2,616)	4,643	278	4,921
Balance at 1 January 2019		87	1,249	6,481	(2,363)	5,454	72	5,526
Profit for the year		-	-	-	1,476	1,476	56	1,532
Total other comprehensive income for the year		-	-	(320)	(536)	(856)	(6)	(862)
Total comprehensive income for the year		-	-	(320)	940	620	50	670
Share-based payments (inclusive of tax)	31	-	-	-	75	75	-	75
Cumulative fair value gain on hedging instruments transferred to the balance sheet (net of tax)		-	-	(5)	-	(5)	-	(5)
Ordinary share dividends	26	-	-	-	(724)	(724)	(56)	(780)
Partial disposal of shareholding in subsidiary undertaking		-	-	-	(13)	(13)	38	25
At 31 December 2019		87	1,249	6,156	(2,085)	5,407	104	5,511

1. An analysis of other reserves is provided in note 26.

Consolidated balance sheet as at 31 December

	Notes	2020 £m	2019 £m
Non-current assets
Intangible assets	8	11,745	10,371
Property, plant and equipment	9	2,655	2,437
Right-of-use assets	10	1,053	1,138
Investment property	11	128	137
Equity accounted investments	12	409	428
Other investments		-	13
Other receivables	13	506	484
Post-employment benefit surpluses	24	408	302
Other financial assets	14	248	350
Deferred tax assets	15	972	726
		18,124	16,386
Current assets
Inventories	16	858	835
Trade, other and contract receivables	13	5,491	5,458
Current tax	17	6	19
Other financial assets	14	189	210
Cash and cash equivalents	18	2,768	2,587
Assets held for sale	19	94	135
		9,406	9,244
Total assets	20	27,530	25,630
Non-current liabilities
Loans	21	(4,957)	(3,020)
Lease liabilities	10	(1,020)	(1,116)
Contract liabilities	22	(524)	(527)
Other payables	23	(1,164)	(954)
Post-employment benefit obligations	24	(4,893)	(4,757)
Other financial liabilities	14	(282)	(227)
Provisions	25	(386)	(385)
		(13,226)	(10,986)
Current liabilities
Loans and overdrafts	21	(467)	(377)
Lease liabilities	10	(236)	(238)
Contract liabilities	22	(3,238)	(3,536)
Trade and other payables	23	(4,898)	(4,390)
Other financial liabilities	14	(181)	(232)
Current tax	17	(72)	(55)
Provisions	25	(291)	(300)
Liabilities held for sale	19	-	(5)
		(9,383)	(9,133)
Total liabilities		(22,609)	(20,119)
Net assets		4,921	5,511
Capital and reserves
Issued share capital	26	87	87
Share premium		1,249	1,249
Other reserves	26	5,923	6,156
Retained earnings - deficit		(2,616)	(2,085)
Total equity attributable to equity holders of BAE Systems plc		4,643	5,407
Non-controlling interests		278	104
Total equity		4,921	5,511

Approved by the Board of BAE Systems plc on 24 February 2021 and signed on its behalf by:

C N Woodburn B M Greve

Chief Executive Group Finance Director

Consolidated cash flow statement for the year ended 31 December

	Notes	2020 £m	2019 £m
Profit for the year		1,371	1,532
Taxation expense	6	225	94
Research and development expenditure credits	4	(28)	(12)
Share of results of equity accounted investments	1	(69)	(168)
Net finance costs	5	334	273
Depreciation, amortisation, impairment and derecognition	2	675	660
Gain on investment revaluation	4	(6)	-
Profit on disposal of property, plant and equipment, and investment property	2,4	(25)	(9)
Profit on sale and leaseback	4	(21)	-
Loss/(gain) in respect of held for sale assets and business disposals	2,4	5	(9)
Cost of equity-settled employee share schemes		74	74
Movements in provisions		(30)	(73)
Decrease in liabilities for post-employment benefit obligations		(1,396)	(214)
(Increase)/decrease in working capital:
Inventories		24	(76)
Trade, other and contract receivables		-	(481)
Trade and other payables, and contract liabilities		122	258
Research and development expenditure credits - cash received		162	-
Taxation paid		(251)	(252)
Net cash flow from operating activities		1,166	1,597
Dividends received from equity accounted investments	12	27	142
Interest received		19	28
Principal element of finance lease receipts		10	9
Purchase of property, plant and equipment, and investment property		(385)	(360)
Purchase of intangible assets		(92)	(110)
Proceeds from sale of property, plant and equipment, and investment property		68	21
Proceeds from sale of intangible assets		-	1
Proceeds from sale of non-current other investments		19	-
Equity accounted investment funding	12	(2)	(6)
Purchase of subsidiary undertakings, net of cash and cash equivalents acquired	34	(1,706)	(12)
Cash flow in respect of held for sale assets and business disposals, net of cash and cash equivalents disposed	19	5	55
Net cash flow from investing activities		(2,037)	(232)
Interest paid		(227)	(233)
Equity dividends paid	26	(746)	(724)
Dividends paid to non-controlling interests		(19)	(56)
Partial disposal of shareholding in subsidiary undertaking		27	31
Principal element of lease payments		(236)	(239)
Cash flow from matured derivative financial instruments (excluding cash flow hedges)		16	40
Cash flow from movement in cash collateral		(2)	1
Cash inflow from loans		2,666	-
Cash outflow from repayment of loans		(506)	(782)
Net cash flow from financing activities	28	973	(1,962)
Net increase/(decrease) in cash and cash equivalents		102	(597)
Cash and cash equivalents at 1 January		2,587	3,232
Effect of foreign exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents		(22)	(48)
Cash and cash equivalents at 31 December		2,667	2,587
Comprising:
Cash and cash equivalents		2,768	2,587
Overdrafts		(101)	-
Cash and cash equivalents at 31 December		2,667	2,587

Notes to the Group accounts

32. Related party transactions

The Group has a related party relationship with its directors and key management personnel (see below), equity accounted investments (note 12) and pension schemes (note 24).

Transactions with related parties occur in the normal course of business, are priced on an arm's-length basis and settled on normal trade terms. The more significant transactions are disclosed below:

	Sales to related parties		Purchases from related parties		Amounts owed by related parties		Amounts owed to related parties¹		Management recharges¹
Related party	2020 £m	2019 £m	2020 £m	2019 £m	2020 £m	2019 £m	2020 £m	2019 £m	2020 £m	2019 £m
Advanced Electronics Company Limited	49	41	142	215	-	-	43	35	-	-
CTA International SAS	1	2	-	-	-	1	13	13	-	-
Eurofighter Jagdflugzeug GmbH	897	854	439	248	58	41	83	42	-	-
FADEC International LLC	45	114	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
FAST Training Services Limited	2	2	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
MBDA SAS	24	28	188	164	8	8	1,024	1,041	19	19
Panavia Aircraft GmbH	35	27	42	16	1	1	1	-	-	-
Rheinmetall BAE Systems Land Limited	5	4	-	-	1	-	-	-	-	-
BAE Systems Pension Funds Trustees Limited	-	-	20	20	-	-	212	225	-	-
Other	9	2	-	1	1	2	3	3	-	-
	1,067	1,074	831	664	69	53	1,379	1,359	19	19

1. Also relates to disclosures under IAS 24 Related Party Disclosures, for the parent company, BAE Systems plc. At 31 December 2020, £967m (2019 £862m) was owed by BAE Systems plc and £412m (2019 £497m) by other Group subsidiaries.

The Group considers key management personnel, as defined under IAS 24 Related Party Disclosures, to be the members of the Group's Executive Committee and the Company's non-executive directors. Fuller disclosures on directors' remuneration are set out in the Annual remuneration report on pages 131 to 155. Total emoluments for directors and key management personnel charged to the Consolidated income statement were:

	2020 £'000	2019 £'000
Short-term employee benefits	15,518	18,163
Post-employment benefits	1,072	1,275
Share-based payments	5,877	8,538
	22,467	27,976

Note and page references used above refer to the Annual Report 2020 that can be viewed on the Company's website.

Cautionary statement: All statements other than statements of historical fact included in this document, including, without limitation, those regarding the financial condition, results, operations and businesses of BAE Systems and its strategy, plans and objectives and the markets and economies in which it operates, are forward-looking statements. Such forward-looking statements, which reflect management's assumptions made on the basis of information available to it at this time, involve known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other important factors which could cause the actual results, performance or achievements of BAE Systems or the markets and economies in which BAE Systems operates to be materially different from future results, performance or achievements expressed or implied by such forward-looking statements. BAE Systems plc and its directors accept no liability to third parties in respect of this report save as would arise under English law. Accordingly, any liability to a person who has demonstrated reliance on any untrue or misleading statement or omission shall be determined in accordance with Schedule 10A of the Financial Services and Markets Act 2000. It should be noted that Schedule 10A and Section 463 of the Companies Act 2006 contain limits on the liability of the directors of BAE Systems plc so that their liability is solely to BAE Systems plc.

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BAE Systems (BA.)

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Doc re. Annual Report

Responsibility statement of the directors in respect of the Annual Report and financial statements

Sir Roger Carr

Chief Executive's review

Overview

Our response to COVID-19

Evolving to a sustainable business

2020 operational performance

Driving competitiveness and efficiency

Advancing and further leveraging our technology

Demand outlook

Brexit

Balance sheet and capital allocation

Post-employment benefits schemes

Executive Committee changes

Summary

Non-executive directors

Executive directors

Summary

Income statement

Earnings per share

Orders

Cash flow

Balance sheet

Accounting policies

Critical accounting policies

Changes in accounting policies

Capital

Objectives

Policies

Dividends

Treasury

Objectives/policies

Tax strategy

Description

Outbreak of contagious diseases

Description

International markets

Defence spending

Competition in international markets

Contract risk and execution

Government customers

Description

Impact

Mitigation

Contract awards and cash profiles

The Group is dependent on the award timing and cash profile of its contracts.

Pension funding

Laws and regulations

Information technology security

People

Acquisitions

Climate change and the environment

Operational and strategic key points

Financial performance

Financial performance measures as defined by the Group

Financial performance measures defined in IFRS2

Page 20 Alternative performance measure definitions

Operational performance and COVID-19 impact

Electronic Combat Solutions

Countermeasure & Electromagnetic Attack Solutions

Precision Strike & Sensing Solutions

C4ISR Systems

Controls & Avionics Solutions

Power & Propulsion Solutions

Page 88 Segmental looking forward

Operational and strategic key points

Intelligence & Security

Applied Intelligence

Financial performance

Financial performance measures as defined by the Group

Financial performance measures defined in IFRS3

Operational performance and COVID-19 impact

Intelligence & Security

Air Force Solutions

Integrated Defense Solutions

Intelligence Solutions

Applied Intelligence

Government

Financial Services

Financial performance measures defined in IFRS²

Financial performance measures defined in IFRS³

Financial performance measures defined in IFRS²

Financial performance measures defined in IFRS²

Financial performance measures defined in IFRS²