Final Results - Year Ended 31 Dec 1999, Part 3

Barclays PLC 15 February 2000 Part 2 Balance sheet Capital resources 1999 1998 £m £m Shareholders' funds 8,483 7,842 Minority interests 352 314 8,835 8,156 Loan capital 4,597 3,734 13,432 11,890 The Group continues to manage actively both its debt and equity capital. Total capital resources increased in the year by £1,588m before adverse exchange rate translation differences of £46m. Shareholders' funds increased by £711m before adverse exchange differences of £70m. Profit retentions (excluding goodwill write-backs) of £1,151m were reduced by share buy-backs, including costs, of £504m. Loan capital rose by £863m consisting of capital raisings of £859m, repayments of £18m and exchange movements of £22m. Capital ratios Weighted risk assets and capital resources, as defined for supervisory purposes by the Financial Services Authority, comprise: 1999 1998 Weighted risk assets: £m £m Banking book on-balance sheet 84,535 78,577 off-balance sheet 15,567 14,194 associated undertakings 1,341 2,623 Total banking book 101,443 95,394 Trading book market risks 6,015 8,060 counterparty and settlement risks 8,420 6,346 Total trading book 14,435 14,406 Total weighted risk assets 115,878 109,800 Capital resources: tier 1 capital 8,696 8,031 tier 2 capital 4,948 4,154 tier 3 capital 343 330 Total gross capital resources 13,987 12,515 Less: supervisory deductions (853) (830) Total net capital resources 13,134 11,685 % % Tier 1 ratio 7.5 7.3 Risk asset ratio 11.3 10.6 Total Assets The Group's balance sheet grew by 16% in 1999 compared with a decline in assets of 2%, after adjusting for the impact of the disposal of the former BZW businesses, during 1998. The Barclays Capital balance sheet grew steadily in 1999 with a year-on-year increase of 26%, or £30bn to £145bn following a contraction of 24% in the second half of the previous year. The growth in assets was partly attributable to a £8bn increase in assets from the collateralised equity financing business which continues to build customer inventory financing positions following the purchase of this business from Daiwa in 1998. The remaining increase arose from a number of businesses and reverses the decline in business activity, particularly in repos, from the previous year. In addition there was a £12bn increase in debt securities and treasury stock due to the build-up of year-end liquidity as a Year 2000 contingency measure. Total weighted risk assets increased by only 9% partly reflecting the implementation of Daily Value at Risk as the regulatory measure for market risk and partly as a result of asset growth in reverse repos which attract a lower average risk weighting. Corporate Banking advances grew by 5% over the year to £44bn. Within the UK, middle market lendings increased 10% to £22bn with the growth primarily in respect of larger customers. Lending volumes in the international business grew by 17% to £7bn (1998: £6bn) with growth predominantly in the rest of Europe and the Middle East. Lending volumes in Latin America have been held at 1998 levels. Total assets in the leasing and asset finance business increased 5% to £9bn primarily in respect of the UK middle market. Total assets increased by £500m as a result of an increase to a majority interest in Cairo Barclays SAE. Retail Financial Services experienced strong asset growth of 6% in the second half of 1999 compared with growth of 3% in the first half of the year (adjusted for the impact of the sale of Merck Finck and Co.). Consumer lending balances in the United Kingdom increased by 9% to £6.2bn over the year and mortgage outstandings grew by 8% to £16.8bn. Barclaycard's extended credit balances have also continued to grow. Wealth Management assets have grown steadily across all business units, with particularly high growth in the Caribbean and Private Banking as a result of new business volumes. As part of the Group's programme for managing its asset and weighted risk asset portfolios a securitisation of $1bn of bonds backed by the UK credit card receivables was successfully offered for sale in November 1999. This was the first credit card backed securitisation by a UK clearing bank. This transaction did not reduce total assets but resulted in a reduction in weighted risk assets of some £600m within Other operations. Analysis of operating profit by business Retail Financial Services Retail Financial Services brings together all of the Group's retail interests around the world. Its purpose is to serve customers by understanding their needs as individuals and by offering services and products that anticipate and satisfy their requirements. Retail Financial Services has four strategic aims: - To become the customer's first choice in the United Kingdom as the provider of innovative and dependable financial solutions. Within Retail Financial Services there are more than 13 million UK customers, with around one in six of these customers now purchasing three or more products from Barclays. - To become a market leader for affluent and wealthy customers in the United Kingdom and continental Europe by building on the Group's strong customer base. - To capitalise on Barclaycard's position as the leading credit card and related products provider in Europe. - To grow long term savings and investment business in the United Kingdom and continental Europe in mutual funds, investment savings, life assurance and pensions. It is anticipated that the needs of customers across Europe will change as people take greater responsibility for their own pension arrangements. 1999 1998 £m £m Net interest income 2,959 2,825 Net fees and commissions 1,780 1,723 Income from long-term assurance 44 109 business Other operating income 143 62 Total income * 4,926 4,719 Total costs (2,723) (2,852) Provisions for bad and doubtful (490) (390) debts Operating profit 1,713 1,477 * 1999 figure includes a £75m provision for the possible cost of redress to personal pension customers Retail Financial Services delivered a strong performance with good underlying profit growth in each of its major business groupings. Operating profit increased by 16%, or £236m, to £1,713m. Adjusting for the impact of the personal pension redress provision, operating profit rose by 21%. Net interest income grew by £134m, or 5%, to £2,959m primarily as a result of strong volume growth in UK consumer lending and extended credit balances at Barclaycard, with good growth in UK savings balances and an improved contribution from UK mortgage lending. The overall UK lending margin improved slightly as a result of a change in the business mix and the overall UK deposit margin narrowed slightly due to pricing pressure and lower interest rates. Net fees and commissions increased by £57m, or 3%, to £1,780m, despite a reduced contribution from Barclays Insurance following the move to in-house underwriting of all payment protection insurance. In-house underwriting is included in Other operating income and represents the majority of the £81m increase compared to 1998. Barclays Stockbrokers benefited from good growth in investment management income and increased dealing activity. There were also improved business volumes in Private Banking and UK Premier. Barclaycard fees and commissions rose as a result of higher transaction volumes in both the issuing and acquiring businesses. Total customer funds, which include assets under management and on-balance sheet deposits, grew by 10% to £118bn, as a result of good growth in long term savings and investments (1998: £107bn, excluding the Merck Finck business which was sold on 31st March 1999). Assets under management excluding the Merck Finck business increased 16% to £55bn, of which approximately half was attributable to net new business and approximately half to market movements. Loans to customers rose by 8% to £40bn (1998: £37bn). Total costs reduced by 5% to £2,723m (1998: £2,852m) as a result of lower operating costs and are below the 1997 level of £2,753m. Staff costs, excluding restructuring costs, were 4% lower than in 1998. The total number of staff employed fell to 55,300 (1998: 59,100). Efficiency improvements were achieved through centralisation initiatives, including the integration of central IT and operations infrastructures. This includes migration of telephone call handling from the branches to central call centres and the integration of Barclaycard's call centres to combine activities across different sites. Investment in significant e-commerce developments included further development of internet banking, the launch of Barclays.net (the first Internet Service Provider offered by a UK bank) and the launch of an on-line internet based dealing service at Barclays Stockbrokers. At the end of 1999 a total of 540,000 customers were registered for these services. Provisions rose by £100m to £490m, primarily as a result of volume growth in UK consumer lending and extended credit balances in Barclaycard and also less favourable UK economic factors that affected the first half of the year. Provisions in Africa, the Caribbean and mainland Europe remained at low levels. Retail Financial Services is organised for reporting purposes into three major business groupings. The operating profit for these groupings is shown below: Analysis of Retail Financial Services operating profit 1999 1998 £m £m Retail Customers* 884 825 Wealth Management 428 318 Barclaycard 401 334 Operating profit 1,713 1,477 * 1999 figure includes a £75m provision for the possible cost of redress to personal pension customers. Retail Customers This business provides a wide range of services and products to personal and small business customers throughout the United Kingdom and to personal and corporate customers in parts of Africa. These services are provided through a network of branches and ATMs, and through direct channels such as the telephone and the internet. Operating profit in Retail Customers increased by 7% to £884m. Excluding a further provision of £75m (1998: nil) for the possible cost of redress to personal pension customers (non-priority cases) operating profit increased by 16%. The provision for possible redress for personal pension customers increased during the year as a result of increased response levels and revised mortality and investment assumptions published by the Personal Investment Authority in August 1999. Total income was broadly flat at £2,797m (1998: £2,782m) as a result of the further pension provision of £75m. Costs fell 7% to £1,588m (1998: £1,714m) as a result of continued centralisation of processing activity. An increase in provisions of £82m to £325m reflects volume growth in UK consumer lending and less favourable UK economic factors that affected the first half of last year. UK Personal Customers Average consumer lending balances grew by 11% to £5.9bn (1998: £5.3bn) benefiting from the introduction of new data mining and enhanced risk assessment techniques which allow instant or pre-approved credit decisions and a series of successful promotional campaigns. Cross sales of related insurance products remained strong. Average UK mortgage outstandings increased 6% to £16.1bn (1998: £15.2bn). The launch of a new range of Base Rate tracker mortgages contributed to strong mortgage lending growth in the second half of the year with gross new lending rising 37% to £4.8bn (1998: £3.5bn). Market share of gross new advances was maintained at 3.8%. Fixed and capped rate mortgages accounted for 56% of gross new mortgage lending (1998: 69%). As a result of this shift in business mix towards variable rate products, margins increased slightly. The cost of incentives, including the cost of the Guaranteed Mortgage Rate product increased slightly to £24m (1998: £21m). Average UK savings balances grew by 7% to £19.6bn (1998: £18.3bn), in line with the market growth. Net interest income from savings balances increased by 2% despite the competition, lower interest rates and a move to term- products which led to a modest reduction in the overall savings margin. Good progress was achieved in long-term savings and investment activities as sales of unit trusts, managed portfolios and individual life and pension products grew by 28% to £190m in terms of Annual Premium Income. This reflected a strong sales performance helped by the final opportunity for PEP purchases and the introduction of the ISA. Assets under management increased by 15% to £13.1bn. b2 extended its product range and increased assets under management to £277m. The number of UK personal current accounts rose by 5% to 8.1m (1998: 7.7m). This increase was supported by market leading innovations introduced during 1999, which included extending further the benefits of the value-added Additions account. By the end of the year, the number of Additions accounts had increased by 35% over 1998, to 871,000. Further innovations included the extension to savings accounts of the successful instant banking initiative which allows customers to drawdown against uncleared funds. The demand for on-line banking strengthened following the launch of internet banking. The Group's market-leading position was extended by a new service release, incorporating improved service features and laying down the infrastructure for future enhancements and new access channels such as interactive TV. By the end of 1999, the number of customers registered for the on-line banking service had increased to 500,000 (1998: 205,000), while the combined total of customers using on-line and telephone banking rose to over 1.5 million (1998: 1 million). Income from sales of household and personal insurance increased by 24%. UK Small Business Total income from UK Small Business was maintained at 1998 levels as volume growth in both deposits and advances offset the impact of a reduced contribution from current accounts as a result of lower interest rates. Lending volumes grew 6% to £1.7bn (1998: £1.6bn) and deposits grew 12% to £6.4bn (1998: £5.7bn). Fees and commissions remained flat as a result of increased pressure on money transmission income. Total costs within UK Small Business reduced by 8% compared to 1998, as a result of efficiency benefits from the continued focus on centralising activities. Provisions for bad and doubtful debts were lower than the 1998 levels reflecting continued improvement in asset quality resulting from an enhanced risk management process. Over 67,000 small business customers are now registered for the on-line banking service (1998: 24,000) supplementing the new 24 hour telephone banking service which has 170,000 small business customers (1998: 142,000). Africa Operating profit rose by 54% to £98m, reflecting strong performances in Ghana and also, despite difficult economic conditions, in Zimbabwe. The performance in both of these countries benefited from the launch of a standardised personal loan account and the introduction of a corporate market programme to enhance customer relationships. Income growth across Africa rose by 4% to £242m. Overall costs fell by 15% to £135m primarily as a result of the job reduction programme announced in August 1999. Wealth Management Wealth Management serves affluent and high net worth clients globally, with relationship based services and bespoke products, particularly in the areas of banking, asset management and long-term financial planning. The branch networks in Spain, France, Greece and Portugal serve the medium and high net worth personal markets. Private Banking offers an integrated asset management service from offices around the world servicing clients from over 100 countries. Offshore Services, with offices in the Channel Islands, Isle of Man, Cyprus, Middle East and London, provides specialist banking services for personal customers and companies which are non-UK based. Wealth Management also includes UK Premier Banking, Stockbrokers and the Caribbean. Operating profit in Wealth Management rose by 35% to £428m predominantly driven by strong growth in UK Premier Banking, Private Banking, Offshore Services, Stockbrokers and the continental European retail businesses. Total income grew by 11% to £1,161m, with increased contributions from all businesses. There was particularly good income growth in Offshore Services (up 17% to £233m), Private Banking (up 17% to £153m), Stockbrokers (up 26% to £136m) and the Caribbean (up 15% to £130m). Growth in UK Premier Banking operating profits benefited from a 15% increase in customer numbers to 129,000 (31st December 1998: 112,000) and growth in business volumes per customer. The continental European retail businesses performed well, with operating profit up 88% to £60m excluding the contribution from Merck Finck following the sale of this business. Strong income growth in each country benefited from buoyant stock markets and continued successful targeting of affluent and high net worth individuals. This was reinforced by the launch of a range of innovative products, including the first 'sub 5%' 15 year mortgage in Spain. The Caribbean operations achieved a good performance, with operating profits up by 16% to £48m aided by an improved performance from the strong offshore market, increased lending volumes and the establishment of Barclaycall customer service units offshore. In Offshore Services operating profit rose 16% to £150m, with overall deposit balances growing by 9% to £12.6bn. As a result of stronger growth in higher margin products such as currency accounts, which benefited from increased business from Corporate Banking customers, the overall margin was maintained despite competitive pressure. Private Banking operating profit rose 22% to £41m, reflecting increased business levels and favourable market conditions. Clients' funds increased 19% to £24.7bn (1998: £20.7bn). Stockbrokers' operating profit grew strongly as a result of good growth in investment management income and increased dealing activity. Despite a decline in demutualisation activity during 1999, average client deals per day of 6,600 were 10% higher than in 1998, benefiting from the launch of an on-line internet based dealing service. Overall costs in Wealth Management increased by 2% to £738m. This reflected the increased investment in front line staff and IT infrastructure to support current and future business growth, and an increase in client numbers, assets under management and customer deposits. Technology investment included the development of internet capability in Stockbrokers and Offshore Services. Barclaycard Barclaycard is the largest credit card business in Europe. It offers a full range of credit card services to individual customers, together with card payment facilities to retailers and other businesses. Barclaycard was the first UK credit card with a web presence which offers a range of services on- line to cardholders including statement and transaction information. In November 1999, Barclaycard launched a pilot joint venture in Wireless Application Protocol (WAP), which enables cardholders to use their mobile phone to access their Barclaycard accounts, online news, purchase goods and send and receive e-mail. Barclaycard profits increased by 20% to £401m (1998: £334m). Total income growth rose 9% to £968m primarily as a result of an increase in average extended credit balances up 17% to £4.8bn and a 9% increase in turnover volumes. Income growth was supported by further improvements to the product range, including the introduction of a new rewards scheme, free extended warranty and the launch of new platinum Visa and Mastercards. These initiatives helped to improve new customer recruitment up 35% to 646,000 (1998: 478,000) and retentions, with the number of customers leaving down 12% to 382,000 (1998: 432,000). The overall interest margin was maintained as a result of strong growth in interest earning balances relative to non-interest earning balances being offset by a reduction in rate spreads. This reflected the introduction of a pricing strategy to increase Barclaycard's share of an individual customer's credit card borrowing requirements by offering a reduced interest rate on extended credit balances to customers with higher transaction volumes. Fees and commissions grew by 5% as a result of increased volumes in card transactions up 10% to 1.1billion (1998: 1 billion) which was largely offset by continued pressure on merchant acquisition fee margins. Total costs in Barclaycard fell by 4% to £397m largely as a result of the benefits associated with the change programme announced in September 1998 resulting in the loss of 1,100 jobs over a 3 year period. The reduction in the workforce remains on track, although increases in staff numbers will continue in the international operations as Barclaycard continues to expand into Europe and in e-commerce activities. The charge for bad and doubtful debts increased by 18% to £170m. This primarily reflected the impact of growth in interest earning balances. The credit quality of outstanding balances was maintained through a combination of robust initial assessment and ongoing credit management. Further investment was made in expanding Barclaycard's presence in Germany and France. New cards were launched in Spain and Greece. As a result the number of cards in issue overseas grew 43% to 1 million (1998: 700,000). Corporate Banking Corporate Banking provides relationship banking to the Group's middle market, large corporate and institutional customers. Customers are served by a network of 1,200 specialist relationship managers across the United Kingdom who provide access to an extensive range of products. Corporate Banking also offers its customers access to business centres in the rest of Europe, the United States and the Middle East. In addition, an office in Miami provides finance and correspondent banking services to the Group's customers in Latin America. Corporate Banking's close working relationships with Barclays Capital ensures that large corporate and institutional customers have access to the capital markets and to specialist investment banking products which complement Corporate Banking's product and service range. Corporate Banking has a strong competitive position in the United Kingdom, where around a quarter of middle market companies bank with Barclays. Opportunities for growth exist within both the United Kingdom, through customer acquisition and increased product penetration, and in the rest of Europe, where our presence exceeds our UK and many of our European rivals. 1999 1998 £m £m Net interest income 1,252 1,214 Net fees and commissions 690 613 Other operating income (12) 24 Total income 1,930 1,851 Total costs (863) (862) Provisions for bad and doubtful (120) 2 debts Operating profit before impact of 947 991 Finance Act Write-down of leases - (40) Operating profit 947 951 Corporate Banking produced a good performance in 1999. Operating profit, before the impact of a £40m write-down in lease receivables in 1998, reduced by £44m or 4% to £947m as a result of an increase in the net provision charge to £120m (1998: net credit £2m). The £122m increase in provisions for bad and doubtful debts mainly reflected the lower levels of releases and recoveries of £86m (1998: £168m). New and increased provisions were slightly higher than the levels experienced last year. Net interest income rose by 5% after adjusting for a £20m recovery in 1998 from two debts previously written off, which was in addition to a £31m specific provision recovery in respect of these customers. Corporate Banking achieved good growth in business lending volumes in 1999, primarily to larger and higher quality corporate customers. Average customer lending balances increased by 7% to £43bn as a result of steady growth in UK lending and strong growth in international lending. High levels of origination have continued within large corporate banking in the United Kingdom as a result of increased acquisition finance activity. Middle market activity has also been strong as a result of the introduction of enhanced customer value propositions. Average lending volumes in the international businesses have increased by 17% to £7bn (1998: £6bn) with growth predominantly in the rest of Europe and the Middle East. Lending volumes in Latin America have been held at 1998 levels. Overall lending margins have been maintained. UK lending margins continued to narrow, reflecting the improving quality of the lending portfolio. Overseas margins have improved year-on-year as a result of adverse conditions in the debt capital markets in the second half of 1998. Risk adjusted margins, which take account of expected credit losses, have been maintained. Average UK deposit volumes increased by 9% to £32bn despite continued contraction in corporate liquidity. The overall deposit margin has reduced slightly, reflecting stronger growth in the lower margin treasury deposits and a reduced contribution from non-interest bearing current accounts. Net fees and commissions increased strongly by 13% to £690m. Lending related fees rose strongly reflecting a higher volume of arrangement fees in respect of on and off-balance sheet financing products. Money transmission income was at a similar level to 1998 despite continued pricing pressure. Strong growth in electronic products has resulted in over 25% of UK corporate customers being registered for these services. Foreign exchange related income increased as a result of a new and consistent pricing policy introduced in the second half of 1998. Other operating income decreased as a result of increased credit provisions and difficult trading conditions in the Group's Brazilian associate, Banco Barclays e Galicia SA. In addition, there was a reduced contribution from Cairo Barclays SAE, which became a subsidiary from 7th June 1999. Costs were maintained at 1998 levels despite the impact of the consolidation of Cairo Barclays which added £5m to costs in the second half of 1999. Costs in the second half of 1999 were lower than the same period in 1998, reflecting the continuing restructuring of Corporate Banking during 1999. A reduction in staff numbers of 400, primarily as a result of this restructuring, was offset by a 500 increase in staff as a result of the acquisition of a controlling share in Cairo Barclays. In addition there were a further 200 UK staff under notice of redundancy as at 31st December 1999. After adjusting for the impact of the acquisition of a controlling share in Cairo Barclays, staff costs were maintained at 1998 levels. Barclays Capital Barclays Capital conducts the Group's international investment banking business. The business focuses on areas where it believes it has competitive advantage and which are integral to the Group. Barclays Capital serves as the Group's principal point of access to the wholesale markets and also deals in these markets with governments, supranational organisations, corporates, banks, insurance companies and other institutional investors. The activities of Barclays Capital are grouped into two principal areas: Rates which include sales, trading and research relating to government bonds, money markets, foreign exchange, commodities, and their related derivative instruments and Credit which includes origination, sales, trading and research relating to loans, securitised assets, corporate bonds and their related derivative instruments and private equity investment and equity derivatives. Barclays Capital is an important component of the overall Group, providing a variety of complementary services and products to all of the Group's businesses and their customers. It also provides a counterbalance to disintermediation of the traditional corporate lending businesses. In 1999 the European capital markets expanded significantly driven by the introduction of the euro and increased corporate fund raising on the back of rapid corporate consolidation. Barclays Capital, with its leading European loan business and strong client franchise, is well positioned to benefit from the strong growth in this market. In addition, the globalisation of investment flows creates significant opportunities for investment banks like Barclays Capital which has global capability for providing financing solutions to companies. 1999 1998 £m £m Net interest income 400 417 Dealing profits 554 (29) Net fees and commissions 163 159 Other operating income 40 44 Total income 1,157 591 Total costs (805) (701) Provisions for bad and doubtful (36) (160) debts Operating profit 316 (270) Barclays Capital reported an operating profit of £316m compared to an operating loss of £270m in 1998. This reflects a strong performance and a return to stability in the financial markets following the 1998 Russian economic crisis and the subsequent dislocation in the world credit markets. Both the Rates and Credit businesses performed well despite a more challenging trading environment in the second half of the year, as a result of widening credit spreads and rising sterling interest rates. Dealing profits were £554m in 1999 (1998: dealing losses of £29m). This was achieved while operating at lower risk levels compared to last year. Average Daily Value at Risk utilisation reduced by 23% to £16.1m (1998: (£20.9m)). The Rates business continued to perform strongly with good contributions from the government bonds, interest rate derivatives and foreign exchange businesses. In the Credit business, equity derivatives and secondary corporate bond businesses also made good contributions benefiting from increased customer related activities. Net interest income decreased by 4% or £17m, to £400m as a result of lower interest earned from reduced regulatory capital employed. This was partially offset by a strong performance from the money markets business which benefited from a favourable interest rate environment during the year and the structured capital markets business, which had a record year in its client related activity. Net fees and commissions increased by 3% to £163m reflecting growth in fees earned in the primary corporate bond business and from loan arrangement activity. Barclays Capital benefited from diversifying and strengthening its client base for bond issues as it maintained its leading position in sterling bond issuance and European syndicated loan markets. Although the new euro bond market was highly competitive in 1999, good progress was made with new issues for Abbey National, Carrefour, Kappa Packaging Group and Vodafone AirTouch. Other operating income consists principally of realisations from private equity business, which had a record performance in 1999 including significant contributions from continental Europe. Provisions for bad and doubtful debts amounted to £36m and was mainly in respect of overseas exposures. In 1998, £130m of the total charge of £160m was in respect of the default of currency forward contracts and repurchase agreements by Russian counterparties. Costs increased by 15% to £805m (1998: £701m), reflecting a higher level of performance related pay in line with improved profitability. Excluding performance related pay, costs were lower than 1998 levels reflecting continued cost management. This was achieved whilst continuing to invest in the business, particularly in the credit and European markets and also in new technology to improve the trading, control and processing systems. The ongoing investment in improving core technology and adding selectively to develop the human resources within Barclays Capital continues to be a priority. Barclays Global Investors Barclays Global Investors (BGI) is the largest institutional asset manager in the world counting some of the world's most sophisticated investing institutions amongst its 1,500 clients. BGI offers advanced active and indexed asset management services for institutional clients from offices located in seven countries around the world. The objective of BGI's advanced active management service is to outperform market benchmarks by the application of disciplined investment processes using statistical models to test and implement investment decisions. The objective of indexed management is to replicate the performance of market benchmarks. In addition to these activities, BGI is a major lender of securities. The global asset management industry is growing rapidly with revenues forecasted to triple to over £500bn by 2010. BGI continually invest in its business to ensure it maintains its strong competitive position on this growing market. 1999 1998 £m £m Net fees and commissions 318 277 Net interest income 6 9 Other operating income - 2 Total income 324 288 Total costs (281) (236) Operating profit 43 52 Operating profit decreased by £9m primarily reflecting a continued investment in a number of strategic investment programmes. Investment in these programmes has doubled to £28m (1998: £14m). One area of significant investment has been in quantitative product research and development with the aim of achieving a greater level of active products within BGI's business mix not just for the institutional markets but also for the individual market place. Another area of investment expenditure has been in supporting the launch of a range of Exchange Traded Funds (ETFs), in the United States and Canada. ETFs are index funds that are bought and sold like shares on a national exchange. These investment programmes aim to ensure sustained business growth in a highly competitive global market place. Fees and commissions increased 15% to £318m (1998: £277m), benefiting from new business growth in assets under management and favourable market conditions during the year. Good growth in advanced active and securities lending offset continued competitor pressure on margins within the index business. The securities lending business benefited from the introduction of this activity to pension funds in Japan and Canada. During 1999, BGI announced the formation of E-Crossnet, a joint venture to cross UK and continental European equities. The rise in costs of £45m reflects increased investment expenditure coupled with higher staff costs. Total assets under management grew to £486bn from £370bn at 31st December 1998; £34bn of the increase is attributable to net new business and £82bn is attributable to market and exchange rate translation movements. Assets under management consist of £384bn of indexed funds and £102bn under advanced active management. All geographical regions have experienced good growth in assets. For the second consecutive year, BGI Europe was first in terms of the number of UK institutional client gains. Businesses in Transition 1999 1998 £m £m France in Transition - 18 United States Transition - 19 Other Businesses in Transition - 11 - 48 Former BZW Businesses - (33) Operating profit - 15 These asset portfolios have now been managed down to low levels. France in Transition's residual assets of some £60m have been absorbed within Retail Financial Services. The remaining assets of United States and Other Businesses in Transition totalling £400m are now reported centrally within Other operations. All former BZW businesses were sold or closed by the end of 1998. The final loss and associated costs of £30m have been booked in 1999 as an exceptional item. Other operations Barclays Group Property Services is responsible for the management of the Group's operational premises and property related services. Central services includes a variety of activities which support the operating businesses such as the central administration of certain operational property costs and other central Group costs. Management of Group capital is the balance of earnings on the Group's capital remaining after allocations to business groups, based generally on weighted risk assets. The Group maintains hedges with respect to its capital and its current account balances, which are designed both to reduce the impact of short-term interest rate fluctuations on profits and to increase profitability over the interest rate cycle. The hedges increase profitability when average short-term interest rates are lower than average medium-term interest rates and depress profitability when average short-term interest rates are higher than average medium-term interest rates. 1999 1998 £m £m Barclays Group Property Services 49 50 Central services (80) (119) Management of Group capital 44 (98) Operating profit 13 (167) The fall in the Group Property Services result is primarily attributable to reduced profits on the disposal of properties (1999: £3m, 1998: £16m) offset by restructuring costs of £11m in 1998. Central services net costs reduced to £80m from £119m primarily as a result of a £22m provision in 1998 in relation to vacant leasehold premises which arose as a result of the adoption of FRS 12 (see page 41). There were restructuring costs of £14m in 1998. The surplus from the central management of Group capital, compared with the deficit in 1998, is mainly attributable to reduced interest allocations to business groups, reflecting lower short-term interest rates. The basis of allocation to the businesses remains in line with previous years. Lower medium-term rates have had an adverse effect on the earnings from capital balances as have the costs of share buy-backs. Management of Group capital benefited from a £26m credit arising from further releases and recoveries relating to the United States Transition and Other Businesses in Transition portfolios which are now managed centrally. Head office functions Head office functions comprise the Group's central executive, Group finance, corporate communications, human resources, internal audit operations and the Group credit policy unit. Group finance includes Group general counsel's office, Group corporate secretariat and the treasury, risk management, financial control, corporate planning, economics and taxation functions. 1999 1998 £m £m Operating cost (77) (72) Restructuring charge 1999 1998 £m £m Staff costs 192 - Administrative expenses - other 152 - 344 - In May, the Group announced that in 1999 it would incur a staff and related cost restructuring charge of up to £400m, in respect of 6,000 gross job reductions in the United Kingdom, principally in Retail Financial Services and Corporate Banking. In August, plans relating to certain of Retail Financial Services international operations were announced involving a further 1,000 job reductions. Gross job reductions arising from the 1999 restructuring programme were 7,000. Net job reductions arising from the 1999 restructuring programme, were 5,300, reflecting 1,700 staff who filled other jobs within the Group in 1999. The staff costs charge of £192m includes an estimate of the number of staff opting to take an enhanced pension as part of their redundancy entitlement, the full cost of which will be borne by the pension fund surplus. The charge of £192m also includes the cost of a further 900 job reductions in the first half of 2000 where the process of serving notice has already commenced. The reduced cost compared with the estimate of £247m made at 30th June 1999 reflects the achievement of higher than targeted job reductions at lower than expected cost. Administration expenses charged are mainly in respect of the expected cost of properties which are no longer required as a result of the restructuring. The increase in the charge from the estimate of £98m at 30th June 1999 is as a result of additional redundant properties being identified. Expenditure of £160m was incurred against the above charge. It is expected that the majority of the remaining element of £184m will be incurred in 2000. Value Based Management Barclays is introducing Value Based Management (VBM), the principles of which are designed to align management decision taking at all levels of the Group with the interests of its shareholders. The VBM framework is designed to identify and reward performance that maximises shareholder return. The basic principle is to establish a robust financial framework that provides a consistent evaluation of the risk and return characteristics that can be applied to all business activities. VBM will also have a significant impact on key processes such as strategy development, management decision taking and performance-linked incentivisation. Economic profit VBM is based on the concept of economic profit - the post-tax attributable profit generated by a business over and above the cost of capital. A business or activity that generates a positive economic profit creates value for our shareholders, whereas a business that generates a negative economic profit destroys value. To avoid the problems of short-term optimisation of business performance that have sometimes been associated with VBM frameworks, the strategy and performance of business will be assessed on a multi-year basis by discounting future projected economic profits. Economic profit is defined as profit after tax and minority interests less a charge for the cost of average shareholders' funds. This is calculated using a capital asset pricing model. The assumptions made include estimates of the future equity market risk premium of 4.5% and the Group's sensitivity to changes in the value of its market portfolio (or beta), currently 1.2. 1999 1998 £m £m Profit after tax and minority 1,897 1,327 interests Average shareholders' funds 8,286 7,785 Post tax cost of equity 11% 11% Cost of average shareholders' (911) (856) funds Economic profit 986 471 Profit after tax and minority interests excludes the charge for the write- back of goodwill on disposals of £138m (1998: £10m). Economic capital Economic capital, which is distinct from regulatory capital, is a management tool that estimates risk on the basis of the volatility of earnings around their predicted level and therefore their contribution to overall Group risk. The higher the volatility and hence risk, the more capital is required. Capital is calculated for each business based on its contribution to the overall risk of the Group. The major factor affecting profit volatility is credit risk. The calculation also reflects market risk and business and operational risk. The calculation of economic capital is an integral part of the work to introduce the VBM principles and is being further developed as part of that process. Risk tendency The Group uses a grading structure to show the probability of future default by borrowers. This is used to estimate levels of annualised future credit losses from the overall lending portfolio averaged across the economic cycle (termed Risk Tendency). Risk Tendency estimates assist in portfolio management decisions, such as exposure limits to any single counterparty or borrower, the desired aggregate exposure levels to individual sectors and pricing policy. Gradings also provide a guide to changes in the underlying credit quality of the lending portfolio over time. A similar structure is also in place to control exposures to countries. Based upon the composition of the lending portfolio as at 31st December 1999, the underlying level of risk tendency, averaged across the economic cycle, is estimated at around £750m (31st December 1998: £700m). Risk tendency rose by £50m during the year reflecting overall asset growth within Retail Financial Services, particularly within UK consumer loans and Barclaycard. Risk Risk Tendency Tendency 31.12.99 31.12.98 £m £m Retail Financial Services 495 445 Corporate Banking 210 210 Barclays Capital 45 45 750 700 KEY FACTS (UNAUDITED) 1999 1998 RETAIL FINANCIAL SERVICES Retail Customers Current account customers 8.1m 7.7m Savings account customers 3.8m 3.5m Small business customers 440,000 430,000 Customers registered for 1,000,000 844,000 Barclaycall Customers registered for on-line 500,000 205,000 banking Africa - number of countries 9 10 represented Africa - customer deposits £1.6bn £1.4bn Wealth Management Premier clients 129,000 112,000 Customers in continental Europe 307,000 301,500 Total customer funds £66.0bn £58.9bn* Stockbrokers - deal volumes per day 6,600 6,000 Caribbean - number of countries 14 14 represented Caribbean - customer deposits £3.1bn £2.8bn Barclaycard Barclaycards in issue 10.4m 10.0m Number of merchant transactions 1.1bn 1.0bn processed Number of UK branches 1,899 1,950 CORPORATE BANKING Number of UK Corporate Banking 112,400 109,900 connections - Mid corporate connections 96,400 94,300 - Larger business connections 13,800 13,600 - Large corporate connections 2,200 2,000 Customers registered for electronic 29,400 20,400 banking Number of current accounts 231,000 220,000 Number of deposit accounts 102,000 97,000 * Excluding Merck Finck and Co which was sold on 31st March 1999. 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