Annual Financial Report - 12 of 54

RNS Number : 0700I

HSBC Holdings PLC

20 March 2015

Geographical regions

Summary	78
Europe	79
Asia	84
Middle East and North Africa	91
North America	96
Latin America	101

Summary

Additional information on results in 2014 may be found in the 'Financial Summary' on pages 40 to 62.

In the analysis of profit and loss by geographical regions that follows, operating income and operating expenses include intra‑HSBC items of US$2,972m (2013: US$2,628m; 2012: US$2,684m).

From 1 January 2014, the geographical region 'Asia' replaced the geographical regions previously reported as 'Hong Kong' and 'Rest of Asia-Pacific'. This aligns with changes made in the financial information used internally to manage the business. Comparative data have been represented accordingly.

All commentaries are on an adjusted basis (page 40) unless otherwise stated, while tables are on a reported basis unless otherwise stated.

Profit/(loss) before tax

	2014		2013		2012
	US$m	%	US$m	%	US$m	%

Europe	596	3.2	1,825	8.1	(3,414)	(16.5)
Asia⁸	14,625	78.3	15,853	70.3	18,030	87.3
Middle East and North Africa	1,826	9.8	1,694	7.5	1,350	6.5
North America	1,417	7.6	1,221	5.4	2,299	11.1
Latin America	216	1.1	1,972	8.7	2,384	11.6

Year ended 31 December	18,680	100.0	22,565	100.0	20,649	100.0

Total assets⁴⁰

	2014		2013
	US$m	%	US$m	%

Europe	1,290,926	49.0	1,392,959	52.1
Asia⁸	878,723	33.4	831,791	31.1
Middle East and North Africa	62,417	2.4	60,810	2.3
North America	436,859	16.6	432,035	16.2
Latin America	115,354	4.4	113,999	4.3
Intra-HSBC items	(150,140)	(5.8)	(160,276)	(6.0)

At 31 December	2,634,139	100.0	2,671,318	100.0

Risk-weighted assets⁵⁸

	2014		2013
	US$bn	%	US$bn	%

At 31 December	1,219.8	100.0	1,092.7	100.0

Europe	375.4	30.1	300.1	27.1
Asia⁸	499.8	40.0	430.7	38.9
Middle East and North Africa	63.0	5.0	62.5	5.7
North America	221.4	17.8	223.8	20.2
Latin America	88.8	7.1	89.5	8.1

For footnotes, see page 109.

Europe

Our principal banking operations in Europe are HSBC Bank plc in the UK, HSBC France, HSBC Bank A.S. in Turkey, HSBC Private Bank (Suisse) SA and HSBC Trinkaus & Burkhardt AG. Through these subsidiaries we provide a wide range of banking, treasury and financial services to personal, commercial and corporate customers across Europe.
	2014	2013	2012
	US$m	US$m	US$m

Net interest income	10,611	10,693	10,394
Net fee income	6,042	6,032	6,169
Net trading income	2,534	4,423	2,707
Other income/(expense)	2,384	(181)	(1,662)

Net operating income⁴	21,571	20,967	17,608

LICs⁴³	(764)	(1,530)	(1,921)

Net operating income	20,807	19,437	15,687

Total operating expenses	(20,217)	(17,613)	(19,095)

Operating profit/(loss)	590	1,824	(3,408)

Income/(expense) from associates⁴⁴	6	1	(6)

Profit/(loss) before tax	596	1,825	(3,414)

Cost efficiency ratio	93.7%	84.0%	108.4%
RoRWA³⁶	0.2%	0.6%	(1.0%)

Year-end staff numbers	69,363	68,334	70,061
Best Debt House in Western Europe for the second consecutive year (Euromoney Awards)
UK No1 Trade Bank (Global Finance Magazine)
US$3.1bn of regulatory fines, provisions, penalties and UK customer redress
For footnotes, see page 109.

Economic background

The UK recovery continued through the second half of 2014, though the pace of expansion moderated towards the end of the year. Preliminary estimates indicate that the annual rate of growth of real Gross Domestic Product ('GDP') was 2.6%. The unemployment rate fell to 5.7% in the three months to December and wage growth accelerated slightly from a very low level. The annual Consumer Price Index ('CPI') measure of inflation reached a 14-year low of 0.5% in December. After a period of rapid activity in 2013 and the early months of 2014, there were signs that both economic activity and price inflation in the housing market were moderating as the year ended. The Bank of England kept the Bank Rate steady at 0.5%.

The recovery in eurozone economic activity in 2014 was slow and uneven across member states. Real GDP in the region as a whole grew by 0.9% in the year. The German and Spanish economies grew by 1.6% and 1.5%, respectively, while French GDP grew by a more modest 0.4%. Eurozone inflation fell to minus 0.2% in December, prompting fears that the region could move towards a sustained period of deflation. The likelihood that low growth and inflation could persist for an extended period prompted the European Central Bank ('ECB') to cut the main refinancing rate and the deposit rate to 0.05% and minus 0.2%, respectively, in September and embark on a policy of balance sheet expansion starting with purchases of covered bonds and asset-backed securities.

Financial overview

Profit before tax (US$m)

Our European operations reported a profit before tax of US$596m in 2014 compared with US$1.8bn in 2013. The decrease in reported profit before tax was driven by a number of significant items and increased operating expenses, partly offset by reduced LICs. The former included charges relating to UK customer redress of US$1.3bn, settlements and provisions in relation to regulatory investigations into foreign exchange of US$1.2bn, of which US$809m was recorded in the fourth quarter of 2014, and provisions arising from the ongoing review of compliance with the CCA in the UK of US$632m. For further details of all significant items, see page 42.

Profit/(loss) before tax by country within global businesses

	Retail Banking and Wealth Management US$m	Commercial Banking US$m	Global Banking and Markets US$m	Global Private Banking US$m	Other US$m	Total US$m

UK	589	2,193	(801)	191	(2,228)	(56)
France³⁵	(181)	240	354	−	(199)	214
Germany	28	71	162	27	(10)	278
Switzerland	−	5	2	38	(3)	42
Turkey	(155)	5	92	−	(6)	(64)
Other	33	34	240	59	(184)	182

Year ended 31 December 2014	314	2,548	49	315	(2,630)	596

UK	1,471	1,684	1,246	252	(3,493)	1,160
France³⁵	285	255	351	21	(162)	750
Germany	30	70	183	44	(25)	302
Switzerland	−	2	2	(291)	−	(287)
Turkey	(74)	36	108	(1)	1	70
Other	41	41	(89)	(190)	27	(170)

Year ended 31 December 2013	1,753	2,088	1,801	(165)	(3,652)	1,825

UK	343	832	(111)	235	(6,355)	(5,056)
France³⁵	135	203	514	(11)	(263)	578
Germany	29	64	283	40	(72)	344
Switzerland	-	2	1	133	-	136
Turkey	(32)	71	104	-	1	144
Other	34	36	195	102	73	440

Year ended 31 December 2012	509	1,208	986	499	(6,616)	(3,414)

For footnote, see page 109.

Adjusted profit before tax decreased by US$396m, primarily reflecting an increase in costs which was partly offset by a reduction in LICs; revenue was broadly in line with 2013.

Country business highlights

In the UK, overall CMB lending increased by 7% compared with 2013, with new lending and re-financing before attrition and amortisation increasing by 38% and over 85% of small business loan applications approved. In addition, Business Banking launched a campaign to offer further support and lending to SME customers. As part of this, £5.8bn (US$9.9bn) of future lending was made available to help finance growth across the UK. Lending in Global Trade and Receivables Finance also grew by 3% as we built on our position in the market in Trade Finance and reduced attrition from our existing clients in Receivables Finance.

In RBWM, we approved £11.4bn (US$18.8bn) of new mortgage lending to over 118,000 customers, including £3.5bn (US$5.8bn) to over 27,500 first-time buyers. However, our aggregate amount of mortgage balances drawn down decreased marginally. The loan-to-value ('LTV') ratio on new lending was 60% compared with an average of 43.7% for the total mortgage portfolio. In October 2014, we expanded our mortgage distribution channels to include an intermediary in order to reach the growing proportion of the mortgage market in the UK that wishes to source its finance that way.

As part of the re-shaping of the GB&M business in 2013, we brought together all our financing businesses into Capital Financing, including lending, debt capital markets and equity capital markets. We increased our sector expertise and enhanced our geographical spread by appointing two new co-heads of UK Banking. In 2014, the advisory and equity capital markets businesses within Capital Financing experienced volume growth that outstripped the market.

In France, in GB&M, we acted as sole advisor on one of the largest mergers and acquisitions ('M&A') transactions in Europe. In CMB, our Payments and Cash Management business implemented the Single Euro Payments Area platform ('SEPA') for euro-denominated credit transfer and direct debit payments across our European locations. This allows our clients to make and receive payments in euros from their HSBC accounts in the 34 countries that have implemented SEPA, all governed by a consistent set of standards, rules and conditions. In addition, in CMB, we allocated a further €1.5bn (US$2.0bn) to the SME fund and approved over €2.0bn (US$2.7bn) of lending in 2014. In RBWM, we experienced strong growth in home loans.

In Germany, as part of our growth initiative, we opened three branches in Dortmund, Mannheim and Cologne, increased the number of relationship managers by 26% and held a number of roadshows in countries including France, mainland China and the UK to reinforce Germany as a key international hub. In GPB, we disposed of our HSBC Trinkaus & Burkhardt AG business in Luxembourg.

In Turkey, the regulator imposed interest rate caps on credit cards and overdrafts which affected revenue. Despite this, in September 2014 CMB launched a TRL2bn (US$914m) international fund in order to provide sustainable support and global connectivity for international business, of which TRL1.1bn (US$519m) was drawn down.

In Switzerland, we continued to reposition the GPB business and focused on growth through the high net worth client segment. Client assets, which include funds under management and cash deposits, decreased due to this repositioning, as well as the sale of a portfolio of client assets.

In November 2014, we sold the Kazakhstan business in line with the Group strategy.

Review of adjusted performance⁴⁵

Revenue increased by US$76m, primarily in the UK, partly offset by reductions elsewhere, including France, Switzerland and Turkey.

Revenue (US$m)

Country view of adjusted revenue

	2014	2013
	US$m	US$m

UK	16,080	15,365
France	2,937	3,097
Germany	945	960
Switzerland	736	831
Turkey	791	827
Other	790	1,123

Year ended 31 December	22,279	22,203

In the UK, revenue increased by US$715m. This was driven by favourable fair value movements of US$222m from interest and exchange rate ineffectiveness in the hedging of long-term debt issued principally by HSBC Holdings in 2014, compared with adverse movements of US$480m in 2013, and a gain arising from external hedging of an intra-Group financing transaction.

Revenue also rose in CMB due to growth in deposit volumes in Payments and Cash Management and net interest income improved due to wider spreads in term lending. In addition, net fee income grew, partly reflecting increased volumes of new business lending in the Large Corporate and Mid-Market segments.

By contrast, GB&M revenue decreased compared with 2013, primarily driven by Markets. This included the introduction of the FFVA on certain derivative contracts which resulted in a charge affecting Rates and Credit. Revenue also fell in Foreign Exchange, reflecting lower volatility and reduced client flows. Furthermore, revenue decreased in Equities, as 2013 benefited from higher revaluation gains, which more than offset the increase in revenue from increased client flows and higher derivative income.

RBWM revenue reduced marginally due to spread compression, primarily on mortgages. In addition, fee income fell as a result of higher fees payable under partnership agreements and lower fee income from investment products and overdrafts. These factors were partly offset by improved spreads on savings products and higher current account balances.

In the rest of Europe, revenue decreased in France, Switzerland and Turkey. Revenue in France fell principally in RBWM in the Insurance business due to adverse movements of US$203m in the PVIF asset, reflecting a fall in long-term yields which increased the cost of guarantees on the savings business, compared with favourable movements of US$48m in 2013. This was coupled with a fall in GB&M in Rates, due to lower volatility and levels of market activity. In Switzerland, the fall in revenue reflected the repositioning of the GPB business and a reduction in client assets. Revenue also decreased in Turkey, principally in RBWM due to interest rate caps on cards and overdrafts imposed by the local regulator, partly offset by an increase in card fees.

LICs reduced, primarily in the UK and, to a lesser extent, in Spain. In the UK in CMB, individually assessed provisions fell, reflecting the quality of the portfolio and improved economic conditions. GB&M also recorded reduced loan impairment charges due to lower individually assessed provisions, and higher net releases of credit risk provisions on available-for-sale ABSs. This was partly offset by an increase due to a revision in certain estimates in our corporate collective loan impairment calculation. Loan impairment charges in RBWM decreased as a result of lower delinquency levels in the improved economic environment and as customers continued to reduce outstanding credit card and loan balances. Loan impairment charges in Spain decreased due to lower individually assessed provisions.

The decreases in the UK and Spain were partly offset by increases in Turkey and France. Loan impairment charges increased in Turkey due to growth in card delinquency rates following regulatory changes. Loan impairment charges in France increased, predominantly in GB&M and CMB due to higher individually assessed provisions.

Operating expenses (US$m)