Interim Report - 27 of 28

RNS Number : 9207L

HSBC Holdings PLC

16 August 2013

 



Abbreviations

Abbreviation	Brief description
A
ABCP	Asset-backed commercial paper
ABS1	Asset-backed security
ADS	American Depositary Share
AIEA	Average interest-earning assets
ALCM	Asset, Liability and Capital Management
ALCO	Asset and Liability Management Committee
AML	Anti-money laundering
ARM1	Adjustable-rate mortgage
B
Basel Committee	Basel Committee on Banking Supervision
Basel I	1988 Basel Capital Accord
Basel II1	2006 Basel Capital Accord
Basel III1	Basel Committee's reforms to strengthen global capital and liquidity rules
BBA	British Bankers' Association
BoCom	Bank of Communications Co., Limited, one of China's largest banks
BSA	Bank Secrecy Act (US)
BSM	Balance Sheet Management
C
CCP1	Central counterparty
CD	Certificate of deposit
CDO1	Collateralised debt obligation
CDS1	Credit default swap
CET11	Common equity tier 1 ratio
CGU	Cash-generating unit
CMB	Commercial Banking, a global business
CML1	Consumer and Mortgage Lending (US)
CPI	Consumer price index
CRD	Capital Requirements Directive
CRR1	Customer risk rating
CRS	Card and Retail Services
CVA1	Credit valuation adjustment
D
DANY DPA	Two-year deferred prosecution agreement with the New York County District Attorney (US)
DoJ	Department of Justice (US)
DPA	Deferred prosecution agreement (US)
DPF	Discretionary participation feature of insurance and investment contracts
DVA1	Debit valuation adjustment
E
EAD1	Exposure at default
EBA	European Banking Authority
EL1	Expected loss
EU	European Union
Euribor	European Interbank Offered Rates
F
Fannie Mae	Federal National Mortgage Association (US)
FCA1	Financial Conduct Authority (UK)
FCA Direction	Undertaking originally with the FSA to comply with certain forward-looking obligations with respect to AML and sanctions requirements
FPC1	Financial Policy Committee (UK)
Freddie Mac	Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation (US)
FSA	Financial Services Authority (UK)
FTSE	Financial Times Stock Exchange index
FuM	Funds under management
G
G20	Leaders, finance ministers and central bank governors of the Group of Twenty countries
GB&M	Global Banking and Markets, a global business
GDP	Gross domestic product
Ginnie Mae	Government National Mortgage Association (US)
GLBA	Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act (US)
Global Markets	HSBC's treasury and capital markets services in Global Banking and Markets
GMB	Group Management Board
GPB	Global Private Banking, a global business

Abbreviation	Brief description
Group	HSBC Holdings together with its subsidiary undertakings
G-SIB1	Global systemically important bank
H
Hibor	Hong Kong Interbank Offered Rate
Hong Kong	Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of the People's Republic of China
HSBC	HSBC Holdings together with its subsidiary undertakings
HSBC Bank	HSBC Bank plc, formerly Midland Bank plc
HSBC Bank Bermuda	HSBC Bank Bermuda Limited, formerly The Bank of Bermuda Limited
HSBC Bank USA	HSBC's retail bank in the US, HSBC Bank USA, N.A. (formerly HSBC Bank USA, Inc.)
HSBC Canada	The sub-group, HSBC Bank Canada, HSBC Trust Company Canada, HSBC Mortgage Corporation Canada, HSBC Securities Canada and HSBC Financial Co. Canada, consolidated for liquidity purposes
HSBC Finance	HSBC Finance Corporation, the US consumer finance company (formerly Household International, Inc.)
HSBC France	HSBC's French banking subsidiary, formerly CCF S.A.
HSBC Holdings	HSBC Holdings plc, the parent company of HSBC
HSBC USA	The sub-group, HSBC USA Inc and HSBC Bank USA, consolidated for liquidity purposes
HSI	HSBC Securities (USA) Inc.
I
IAS	International Accounting Standards
IASB	International Accounting Standards Board
ICB	Independent Commission on Banking
IFRSs	International Financial Reporting Standards
Industrial Bank	Industrial Bank Co. Limited, a national joint-stock bank in mainland China in which Hang Seng Bank Limited has a shareholding
IRB1	Internal ratings-based
ISDA	International Swaps and Derivatives Association
K
KPMG	KPMG Audit Plc and its affiliates
L
LCR1	Liquidity coverage ratio
LFRF	Liquidity and funding risk management framework
LGD1	Loss given default
Libor	London Interbank Offered Rate
LIC	Loan impairment charge and other credit risk provision
LTV1	Loan-to-value ratio
M
Madoff Securities	Bernard L Madoff Investment Securities LLC
Mainland China	People's Republic of China excluding Hong Kong
Mazarin	Mazarin Funding Limited, an asset-backed CP conduit
MBS1	US mortgage-backed security
MENA	Middle East and North Africa
Monoline1	Monoline insurance company
MSCI	Morgan Stanley Capital International index
MTN1	Medium-term notes
MXN	Mexican peso
N
NSFR1	Net Stable Funding Ratio
O
OCC	Office of the Comptroller of the Currency (US)
OFAC	Office of Foreign Assets Control (US)
OIS1	Overnight index swap
OTC1	Over-the-counter
P
PD1	Probability of default
Ping An	Ping An Insurance (Group) Company of China, Ltd., the second-largest life insurer in the People's Republic of China
PPI	Payment protection insurance product
PRA1	Prudential Regulation Authority (UK)
Premier	HSBC Premier, HSBC's premium personal global banking service
PVIF	Present value of in-force long-term insurance business
R
RBWM	Retail Banking and Wealth Management, a global business
Repo1	Sale and repurchase transaction

Abbreviation	Brief description
Restricted Shares1	Awards of Restricted Shares define the number of HSBC Holdings ordinary shares to which the employee will become entitled, generally between one and three years from the date of the award, and normally subject to the individual remaining in employment
Reverse repo	Security purchased under commitments to sell
RM	Relationship manager
RMB	Renminbi
RMBS	Residential mortgage-backed securities
RoRWA	Return on average risk-weighted assets
RWA1	Risk-weighted assets
S
S&P	Standard and Poor's rating agency
SE1	Structured entity
SEC	Securities and Exchange Commission (US)
SIC	Securities investment conduit
SME	Small and medium-sized enterprise
Solitaire	Solitaire Funding Limited, a special purpose entity managed by HSBC
U
UAE	United Arab Emirates
UK	United Kingdom
US	United States of America
US DPA	Five-year deferred prosecution agreement with the Department of Justice and others (US)
V
VAR1	Value at risk

1  For full definitions, see page 280.

Glossary

Term	Definition
A
Adjustable-rate mortgages ('ARM's)	Mortgage loans in the US on which the interest rate is periodically changed based on a reference price. These are included within 'affordability mortgages'.
Affordability mortgages	Mortgage loans where the customer's monthly payments are set out at a low initial rate, either variable or fixed, before resetting to a higher rate once the introductory period is over.
Agency exposures	Exposures to near or quasi-government agencies including public sector entities fully owned by government carrying out non-commercial activities, provincial and local government authorities, development banks and funds set up by government.
Alt-A	A US description for loans regarded as lower risk than sub-prime, but with higher risk characteristics than lending under normal criteria.
Arrears	Customers are said to be in arrears (or in a state of delinquency) when they are behind in fulfilling their obligations, with the result that an outstanding loan is unpaid or overdue. When a customer is in arrears, the total outstanding loans on which payments are overdue are described as delinquent.
Asset-backed securities ('ABS's)	Securities that represent an interest in an underlying pool of referenced assets. The referenced pool can comprise any assets which attract a set of associated cash flows but are commonly pools of residential or commercial mortgages.
B
Back-testing	A statistical technique used to monitor and assess the accuracy of a model, and how that model would have performed had it been applied in the past.
Bail-inable debt	Bail-in refers to imposition of losses at the point of non viability (but before insolvency) on bank liabilities (bail-inable debt) that are not exposed to losses while the institution remains a viable, going concern. Whether by way of write-down or conversion into equity, this has the effect of recapitalising the bank (although it does not provide any new funding).
Bank levy	A levy that applies to UK banks, building societies and the UK operations of foreign banks from 1 January 2011. The amount payable is based on a percentage of the group's consolidated liabilities and equity as at 31 December 2011 after deducting certain items the most material of which are those related to insured deposit balances, tier 1 capital, insurance liabilities, high quality liquid assets and items subject to a legally enforceable net settlement agreement.
Basel II	The capital adequacy framework issued by the Basel Committee on Banking Supervision in June 2006 in the form of the 'International Convergence of Capital Measurement and Capital Standards', amended by subsequent changes to the capital requirements for market risk and re-securitisations, commonly known as Basel 2.5, which took effect 31 December 2011.
Basel III	In December 2010, the Basel Committee issued 'Basel III rules: A global regulatory framework for more resilient banks and banking systems' and 'International framework for liquidity risk measurement, standards and monitoring'. Together these documents present the Basel Committee's reforms to strengthen global capital and liquidity rules with the goal of promoting a more resilient banking sector. In June 2011, the Basel Committee issued a revision to the former document setting out the finalised capital treatment for counterparty credit risk in bilateral trades.
Basis point ('bps')	One hundredth of a per cent (0.01%), so 100 basis points is 1%. Used in quoting movements in interest rates or yields on securities.
C
Capital conservation buffer	A capital buffer, prescribed by regulators designed to ensure banks build up capital buffers outside periods of stress which can be drawn down as losses are incurred. Should a bank's capital levels fall within the capital conservation buffer range, capital distributions will be constrained by the regulators.
Capital planning buffer	A capital buffer, prescribed by the PRA under Basel II, and designed to ensure banks build up capital buffers outside periods of stress which can be drawn down as losses are incurred. Should a bank's capital levels fall within the capital planning buffer range, a period of heightened regulatory interaction would be triggered.
Capital requirements directive ('CRD')	A capital adequacy legislative package issued by the European Commission and adopted by EU member states. The first CRD legislative package gave effect to the Basel II proposals in the EU and came into force on 20 July 2006. CRD II, which came into force on 31 December 2010, subsequently updated the requirements for capital instruments, large exposure, liquidity risk and securitisation. A further amendment, CRD III updated market risk capital and additional securitisation requirements and came into force on 31 December 2011. CRD IV package comprises a recast Capital Requirements Directive and a new Capital Requirements Regulation. The package implements the Basel III capital proposals together with transitional arrangements for some of its requirements. CRD IV will come into force on 1 January 2014.
Central counterparty ('CCP')	An intermediary between a buyer and a seller (generally a clearing house).
Collateralised debt obligation ('CDO')	A security issued by a third-party which references ABSs and/or certain other related assets purchased by the issuer. CDOs may feature exposure to sub-prime mortgage assets through the underlying assets.

Term	Definition
Collectively assessed impairment	Impairment assessment on a collective basis for homogeneous groups of loans that are not considered individually significant and to cover losses which have been incurred but have not yet been identified on loans subject to individual assessment.
Commercial paper ('CP')	An unsecured, short-term debt instrument issued by a corporation, typically for the financing of accounts receivable, inventories and meeting short-term liabilities. The debt is usually issued at a discount, reflecting prevailing market interest rates.
Commercial real estate	Any real estate investment, comprising buildings or land, intended to generate a profit, either from capital gain or rental income.
Common equity tier 1 capital ('CET1')	The highest quality form of regulatory capital that comprises common shares issued and related share premium, retained earnings and other reserves excluding the cash flow hedging reserve, less specified regulatory adjustments.
Common reporting ('COREP')	Harmonised European reporting framework established in the Capital Requirements Directives, to be mandated by the European Banking Authority.
Compliance risk	The risk that the Group fails to observe the letter and spirit of all relevant laws, codes, rules, regulations and standards of good market practice, and incurs fines and penalties and suffers damage to its business as a consequence.
Conduits	HSBC sponsors and manages multi-seller conduits and securities investment conduits ('SIC's). The multi-seller conduits hold interests in diversified pools of third-party assets such as vehicle loans, trade receivables and credit card receivables funded through the issuance of short-dated commercial paper and supported by a liquidity facility. The SICs hold predominantly asset-backed securities referencing such items as commercial and residential mortgages, vehicle loans and credit card receivables funded through the issuance of both long-term and short-term debt.
Constant currency	A non-GAAP financial measure that adjusts for the year-on-year effects of foreign currency translation differences by comparing reported results for the reported period with reported results for comparative period retranslated at exchange rates for the reported period. The foreign currency translation differences reflect the movements of the US dollar against most major currencies during the reported period.
Constant net asset value fund ('CNAV')	A fund that prices its assets on an amortised cost basis, subject to the amortised book value of the portfolio remaining within 50 basis points of its market value.
Consumer and Mortgage Lending ('CML')	In the US, the CML portfolio consists of our Consumer Lending and Mortgage Services businesses, which are in run-off. The Consumer Lending business offered secured and unsecured loan products, such as first and second lien mortgage loans, open-ended home equity loans and personal non-credit card loans through branch locations and direct mail. The majority of the mortgage lending products were for refinancing and debt consolidation rather than home purchases. In the first quarter of 2009, we discontinued all originations by our Consumer Lending business. Prior to the first quarter of 2007, when we ceased new purchase activity, the Mortgage Services business purchased non-conforming first and second lien real estate secured loans from unaffiliated third parties. The business also included the operations of Decision One Mortgage Company ('Decision One'), which historically originated mortgage loans sourced by independent mortgage brokers and sold these to secondary market purchasers. Decision One ceased originations in September 2007.
Contractual maturities	The date on which the final payment (principal or interest) of any financial instrument is due to be paid, at which point all the remaining outstanding principal and interest have been repaid.
Core tier 1 capital	The highest quality form of regulatory capital, under Basel II, that comprises total shareholders' equity and related non-controlling interests, less goodwill and intangible assets and certain other regulatory adjustments.
Countercyclical capital buffer ('CCB')	A capital buffer, prescribed by regulators, which aims to ensure that capital requirements take account of the macro-financial environment in which banks operate. This will provide the banking sector with additional capital to protect it against potential future losses, when excess credit growth in the financial system as a whole is associated with an increase in system-wide risk.
Counterparty credit risk ('CCR')	Counterparty credit risk, in both the trading and non-trading books, is the risk that the counterparty to a transaction may default before completing the satisfactory settlement of the transaction.
Credit default swap ('CDS')	A derivative contract whereby a buyer pays a fee to a seller in return for receiving a payment in the event of a defined credit event (e.g. bankruptcy, payment default on a reference asset or assets, or downgrades by a rating agency) on an underlying obligation (which may or may not be held by the buyer).
Credit enhancements	Facilities used to enhance the creditworthiness of financial obligations and cover losses due to asset default.
Credit risk	Risk of financial loss if a customer or counterparty fails to meet an obligation under a contract. It arises mainly from direct lending, trade finance and leasing business, but also from products such as guarantees, derivatives and debt securities.
Credit valuation adjustment ('CVA')	An adjustment to the valuation of OTC derivative contracts to reflect the creditworthiness of OTC derivative counterparties. Formerly described as Credit Risk Adjustment.

Term	Definition
Credit risk mitigation	A technique to reduce the credit risk associated with an exposure by application of credit risk mitigants such as collateral, guarantee and credit protection.
Credit risk spread	The premium over the benchmark or risk-free rate required by the market to accept a lower credit quality. The yield spread between securities with the same coupon rate and maturity structure but with different associated credit risks. The yield spread rises as the credit rating worsens.
Credit spread risk	The risk that movements in credit spreads will affect the value of financial instruments.
Customer deposits	Money deposited by account holders. Such funds are recorded as liabilities.
Customer remediation	Activities carried out by HSBC to compensate customers for losses or damages associated with a failure to comply with regulations. Customer remediation is initiated by HSBC in response to customer complaints, and not specifically initiated by regulatory action.
Customer risk rating ('CRR')	A scale of 23 grades measuring internal obligor probability of default.
D
Debit valuation adjustment ('DVA')	An adjustment made by an entity to the valuation of OTC derivative liabilities to reflect within fair value the entity's own credit risk.
Debt restructuring	A restructuring by which the terms and provisions of outstanding debt agreements are changed. This is often done in order to improve cash flow and the ability of the borrower to repay the debt. It can involve altering the repayment schedule as well as debt or interest charge reduction.
Debt securities	Assets on the Group's balance sheet representing certificates of indebtedness of credit institutions, public bodies or other undertakings, excluding those issued by central banks.
Debt securities in issue	Transferable certificates of indebtedness of the Group to the bearer of the certificates. These are liabilities of the Group and include certificates of deposits.
Deed-in-lieu	An arrangement in which a borrower surrenders the deed for a property to the lender without going through foreclosure proceedings and is subsequently released from any further obligations on the loan.
Defined benefit obligation	The present value of expected future payments required to settle the obligations of a defined benefit plan resulting from employee service.
Delinquency	See 'Arrears'.
Deposits by banks	All deposits received from domestic and foreign banks, excluding deposits or liabilities in the form of debt securities or for which transferable certificates have been issued.
E
Economic capital	The internally calculated capital requirement which is deemed necessary by HSBC to support the risks to which it is exposed.
Economic profit	The difference between the return on financial capital invested by shareholders and the cost of that capital. Economic profit may be expressed as a whole number or as a percentage.
Economic value of equity ('EVE') sensitivity	Considers all re-pricing mismatches in the current balance sheet and calculates the change in market value that would result from a set of defined interest rate shocks.
Encumbered assets	Assets on our balance sheet which have been pledged as collateral against an existing liability.
Enhanced Variable Net Asset Value fund ('ENAV')	A fund that prices its assets on a fair value basis. Consequently, prices may change from one day to the next.
Equity risk	The risk arising from positions, either long or short, in equities or equity-based instruments, which create exposure to a change in the market price of the equities or equity instruments.
Eurozone	The 17 European Union countries using the euro as their common currency. The 17 countries are Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Portugal, Slovakia, Slovenia and Spain.
Expected loss ('EL')	A regulatory calculation of the amount expected to be lost on an exposure using a 12-month time horizon and downturn loss estimates. EL is calculated by multiplying the Probability of Default (a percentage) by the Exposure at Default (an amount) and Loss Given Default (a percentage).
Exposure	A claim, contingent claim or position which carries a risk of financial loss.
Exposure at default ('EAD')	The amount expected to be outstanding after any credit risk mitigation, if and when the counterparty defaults. EAD reflects drawn balances as well as allowance for undrawn amounts of commitments and contingent exposures.
F
Fair value adjustment	An adjustment to the fair value of a financial instrument which is determined using a valuation technique (level 2 and level 3) to include additional factors that would be considered by a market participant that are not incorporated within the valuation model.
Fiduciary risk	The risk to the Group of breaching its fiduciary duties where it acts in a fiduciary capacity as trustee, investment manager or as mandated by law or regulation.
Financial Conduct Authority ('FCA')	The Financial Conduct Authority regulates the conduct of financial firms and, for certain firms, prudential standards in the UK. It has a strategic objective to ensure that the relevant markets function well.

Term	Definition
Financial Policy Committee ('FPC')	The Financial Policy Committee, at the Bank of England, is charged with a primary objective of identifying, monitoring and taking action to remove or reduce systemic risks with a view to protecting and enhancing the resilience of the UK financial system. The FPC has a secondary objective to support the economic policy of the UK Government.
Financial Reporting ('FINREP')	Harmonised European financial reporting framework, proposed by the European Union, which will be used to obtain a comprehensive view of a firm's risk profile.
First lien	A security interest granted over an item of property to secure the repayment of a debt that places its holder first in line to collect repayment from the sale of the underlying collateral in the event of a default on the debt.
Forbearance strategies	Employed to improve the management of customer relationships, maximise collection opportunities and, if possible, avoid default, foreclosure or repossession. Such arrangements include extended payment terms, a reduction in interest or principal repayments, approved external debt management plans, debt consolidations, the deferral of foreclosures, other modifications and re‑ages.
Funded exposure	A situation where the notional amount of a contract is or has been exchanged.
Funding risk	A form of liquidity risk arising when the liquidity needed to fund illiquid asset positions cannot be obtained at the expected terms and when required.
G
Gap risk	The risk of financial loss arising from a significant change in market price with no accompanying trading opportunity.
Global systemically important bank ('G-SIB')	A bank that meets the criteria defined in the Basel Committee's final rules set out in their 4 November 2011 document 'Global systemically important banks: Assessment methodology and the additional loss absorbency requirement'. The latest official list of such banks comprised 28 names, which include HSBC, published by the Financial Stability Board in November 2012. The Financial Stability Board is co-ordinating, on behalf of the G20 Group of Governors and Heads of Supervision ('GHOS'), the overall set of measures to reduce the moral hazard and risks to the global financial system posed by global systemically important financial institutions ('G-SIFI's) of all kinds.
Government-sponsored enterprises ('GSE's)	A group of financial services enterprises created by the US Congress to reduce the cost of capital for certain borrowing sectors of the economy, and to make them more efficient and transparent. Examples in the residential mortgage borrowing segment are Freddie Mac and Fannie Mae. GSEs carry the implicit backing, but are not direct obligations, of the US government.
GPSP Awards	Awards that define the number of HSBC Holdings ordinary shares to which the employee will become entitled, generally five years from the date of the award, and normally subject to individual remaining in employment. The shares to which the employee becomes entitled are subject to a retention requirement until cessation of employment.
Guarantee	An undertaking by a party to pay a creditor should a debtor fail to do so.
H
Haircut	A discount applied by management when determining the amount at which an asset can be realised. The discount takes into account the method of realisation including the extent to which an active market for the asset exists.
Historical rating transition matrices	The probability of a counterparty with a particular rating moving to a different rating over a defined time horizon.
Home equity lines of credit ('HELoC's)	A form of revolving credit facility provided to US customers, which is supported in the majority of cases by a second lien or lower ranking charge over residential property. Holdings of HELoCs are classified as sub-prime.
I
Impaired loans	Loans where the Group does not expect to collect all the contractual cash flows or expects to collect them later than they are contractually due.
Impairment allowances	Management's best estimate of losses incurred in the loan portfolios at the balance sheet date.
Individually assessed impairment	Exposure to loss is assessed on all individually significant accounts and all other accounts that do not qualify for collective assessment.
Insurance risk	A risk, other than a financial risk, transferred from the holder of a contract to the insurance provider. The principal insurance risk is that, over time, the combined cost of claims, administration and acquisition of the contract may exceed the aggregate amount of premiums received and investment income.
Internal Capital Adequacy Assessment Process	The Group's own assessment of the levels of capital that it needs to hold through an examination of its risk profile from regulatory and economic capital viewpoints.
Internal Model Method	One of three approaches defined by Basel II to determine exposure values for counterparty credit risk.
Internal ratings-based approach ('IRB')	A method of calculating credit risk capital requirements using internal, rather than supervisory, estimates of risk parameters.
Invested capital	Equity capital invested in HSBC by its shareholders, adjusted for certain reserves and goodwill previously amortised or written off.
Investment grade	Represents a risk profile similar to a rating of BBB- or better, as defined by an external rating agency.

Term	Definition
IRB advanced approach	A method of calculating credit risk capital requirements using internal PD, LGD and EAD models.
IRB foundation approach	A method of calculating credit risk capital requirements using internal PD models but with supervisory estimates of LGD and conversion factors for the calculation of EAD.
ISDA Master agreement	Standardised contract developed by ISDA used as an umbrella under which bilateral derivatives contracts are entered into.
K
Key management personnel	Directors and Group Managing Directors of HSBC Holdings.
L
Legacy credit in GB&M	A separately identifiable, discretely managed business comprising Solitaire Funding Limited, the securities investment conduits, the asset-backed securities trading portfolios and credit correlation portfolios, derivative transactions entered into directly with monoline insurers, and certain other structured credit transactions.
Legal proceedings	Civil court, arbitration or tribunal proceedings brought against HSBC companies (whether by way of claim or counterclaim) or civil disputes that may, if not settled, result in court, arbitration or tribunal proceedings.
Legal risk	The risk of financial loss, sanction and/or reputational damage resulting from contractual risk (the risk that the rights and/or obligations of a Group member within a contractual relationship are defective); dispute risk (the risk when involved in or managing potential or actual disputes); legislative risk (the risk that a Group member fails to adhere to laws of the jurisdiction in which it operates); and non contractual rights risk (the risk that a Group member's assets are not properly owned or are infringed by others or the infringement by a Group member of another party's rights).
Level 1 - quoted market price	Financial instruments with quoted prices for identical instruments in active markets.
Level 2 - valuation technique using observable inputs	Financial instruments with quoted prices for similar instruments in active markets or quoted prices for identical or similar instruments in inactive markets and financial instruments valued using models where all significant inputs are observable.
Level 3 - valuation technique with significant unobservable inputs	Financial instruments valued using valuation techniques where one or more significant inputs are unobservable.
Leveraged finance	Funding provided for entities with higher than average indebtedness, which typically arises from sub-investment grade acquisitions or event-driven financing.
Leverage ratio	A measure, prescribed by regulators under Basel III, which is the ratio of tier 1 capital to total exposures. Total exposures include on-balance sheet items, off-balance sheet items and derivatives, and should generally follow the accounting measure of exposure. This supplementary measure to the risk-based capital requirements is intended to constrain the build-up of excess leverage in the banking sector.
Liquidity coverage ratio ('LCR')	The ratio of the stock of high quality liquid assets to expected net cash outflows over the following 30 days. High quality liquid assets should be unencumbered, liquid in markets during a time of stress and, ideally, be central bank eligible. The Basel III rules require this ratio to be at least 100% with effect from 2015. The LCR is still subject to an observation period and review to address any unintended consequences.
Liquidity enhancement	Liquidity enhancement makes funds available if required for reasons other than asset default, e.g. to ensure timely repayment of maturing commercial paper.
Liquidity risk	The risk that HSBC does not have sufficient financial resources to meet its obligations as they fall due, or will have to do so at an excessive cost. This risk arises from mismatches in the timing of cash flows.
Loan modification	An account management action that results in a change to the original terms and conditions of a loan either temporarily or permanently without resetting its delinquency status, except in case of a 'modification re-age' where delinquency status is also reset to up-to-date. Account modifications may include revisions to one or more terms of the loan including, but not limited to, a change in interest rate, extension of the amortisation period, reduction in payment amount and partial forgiveness or deferment of principal.
Loan re-age	An account management action that results in the resetting of the contractual delinquency status of an account to up-to-date upon fulfilment of certain requirements which indicate that payments are expected to be made in accordance with the contractual terms.
Loans past due	Loans on which repayments are overdue.
Loan to value ratio ('LTV')	A mathematical calculation that expresses the amount of the loan as a percentage of the value of security. A high LTV indicates that there is less cushion to protect the lender against house price falls or increases in the loan if repayments are not made and interest is added to the outstanding loan balance.
Loss given default ('LGD')	The estimated ratio (percentage) of the loss on an exposure to the amount outstanding at default (EAD) upon default of a counterparty.
Loss severity	The realised amount of losses incurred (including ancillary amounts owed) when a loan is foreclosed or disposed of through the arrangement with the borrower. The loss severity is represented as a percentage of the outstanding loan balance.

Term	Definition
M
Market risk	The risk that movements in market risk factors, including foreign exchange rates and commodity prices, interest rates, credit spreads and equity prices will reduce income or portfolio values.
Medium-term notes ('MTN's)	Issued by corporates across a range of maturities under MTN Programmes, notes are offered on a regular and continuous basis to investors.
Monoline insurers ('monolines')	Entities which specialise in providing credit protection to the holders of debt instruments in the event of default by the debt security counterparty. This protection is typically held in the form of derivatives such as CDSs referencing the underlying exposures held.
Mortgage-backed securities ('MBS's)	Securities that represent interests in groups of mortgages, which may be on residential or commercial properties. Investors in these securities have the right to cash received from future mortgage payments (interest and/or principal). When the MBS references mortgages with different risk profiles, the MBS is classified according to the highest risk class.
Mortgage-related assets	Referenced to underlying mortgages.
Mortgage vintage	The year a mortgage was originated.
N
Negative equity mortgages	Equity is the value of the asset less the outstanding balance on the loan. Negative equity arises when the value of the property purchased is below the balance outstanding on the loan.
Net asset value per share	Total shareholders' equity, less non-cumulative preference shares and capital securities, divided by the number of ordinary shares in issue.
Net interest income	The amount of interest received or receivable on assets net of interest paid or payable on liabilities.
Net interest income sensitivity	Considers all repricing mismatches in the current balance sheet, with suitable assumptions for balance sheet growth in the future, and calculates the change in net interest income that would result from a set of defined interest rate shocks.
Net principal exposure	The gross principal amount of a financial asset after taking account of credit protection purchased but excluding the effect of any counterparty credit valuation adjustment to that protection. It includes assets that benefit from monoline protection, except where this protection is purchased with a CDS.
Net stable funding ratio ('NSFR')	The ratio of available stable funding to required stable funding over a one-year time horizon, assuming a stressed scenario. Available stable funding would include items such as equity capital, preferred stock with a maturity of over one year and liabilities with an assessed maturity of over one year. The Basel III rules require this ratio to be over 100% with effect from 2018. The NSFR is still subject to an observation period and review to address any unintended consequences.
Non-conforming mortgages	US mortgages that do not meet normal lending criteria. Examples include mortgages where the expected level of documentation is not provided (such as with income self-certification), or where poor credit history increases the risk and results in pricing at a higher than normal lending rate.
Non-trading portfolios	Portfolios that comprise positions that primarily arise from the interest rate management of our retail and commercial banking assets and liabilities, financial investments designated as available for sale and held to maturity, and exposures arising from our insurance operations.
Non-trading risk	The market risk arising from non-trading portfolios.
O
Offset mortgages	A flexible type of mortgage where a borrower's savings balance(s) held at the same institution can be used to offset the mortgage balance owing. The borrower pays interest on the net balance which is calculated by subtracting the credit balance(s) from the debit balance. As part of the offset mortgage a total facility limit is agreed and the borrower may redraw past capital repayments up to this agreed limit.
Overnight Index Swap ('OIS') discounting	A method of valuing collateralised interest rate derivatives which uses a discount curve that reflects the overnight interest rate typically earned or paid in respect of collateral received.
Operational risk	The risk of loss resulting from inadequate or failed internal processes, people and systems or from external events, including legal risk.
Over-the-counter ('OTC')	A bilateral transaction (e.g. derivatives) that is not exchange traded and that is valued using valuation models.
P
Pension risk	The risk that contributions from Group companies and members fail to generate sufficient funds to meet the cost of accruing benefits for the future service of active members, and the risk that the performance of assets held in pension funds is insufficient to cover existing pension liabilities.
Performance shares	Awards of HSBC Holdings ordinary shares under employee share plans that are subject to the achievement of corporate performance conditions.
Personal lending	See 'Retail loans'.
PRA standard rules	The method prescribed by the PRA for calculating market risk capital requirements in the absence of VAR model approval.
Prime	A US description for mortgages granted to the most creditworthy category of borrowers.
Private equity investments	Equity securities in operating companies not quoted on a public exchange, often involving the investment of capital in private companies or the acquisition of a public company that results in its delisting.

Term	Definition
Probability of default ('PD')	The probability that an obligor will default within one year.
Prudential Regulation Authority ('PRA')	The Prudential Regulation Authority in the UK is responsible for prudential regulation and supervision of banks, building societies, credit unions, insurers and major investment firms.
R
Refi rate	The refi (or refinancing) rate is set by the European Central Bank ('ECB') and is the price banks pay to borrow from the ECB.
Regulatory capital	Held by HSBC and determined in accordance with rules established by the PRA for the consolidated Group and by local regulators for individual Group companies.
Regulatory matters	Investigations, reviews and other actions carried out by, or in response to the actions of, regulators or law enforcement agencies in connection with alleged wrongdoing by HSBC.
Renegotiated loans	Loans for which the contractual terms have been changed because of significant concerns about the borrower's ability to meet the contractual payments when due.
Repo (or sale and repurchase agreement)	A short-term funding agreement that allows a borrower to create a collateralised loan by selling a financial asset to a lender. As part of the agreement, the borrower commits to repurchase the security at a date in the future, repaying the proceeds of the loan. For the party on the other end of the transaction (buying the security and agreeing to sell in the future) it is reverse repurchase agreement or a reverse repo.
Reputational risk	The risk that illegal, unethical or inappropriate behaviour by the Group itself, members of staff or clients or representatives of the Group will damage HSBC's reputation, leading, potentially, to a loss of business, fines or penalties.
Residential mortgage	A loan to purchase a residential property which is then used as collateral to guarantee repayment of the loan. The borrower gives the lender a lien against the property, and the lender can foreclose on the property if the borrower does not repay the loan per the agreed terms.
Restricted shares	Awards that define the number of HSBC Holdings ordinary shares to which the employee will become entitled, generally between one and three years from the date of the award, and normally subject to the individual remaining in employment. The shares to which the employee becomes entitled may be subject to retention requirement.
Retail loans	Money lent to individuals rather than institutions. This includes both secured and unsecured loans such as mortgages and credit card balances.
Return on equity	Profit attributable to shareholders of the parent company divided by average ordinary shareholders' equity.
Risk appetite	The aggregate level and types of risk a firm is willing to assume within its risk capacity to achieve its strategic objectives and business plan.
Risk capacity	The maximum level of risk the firm can assume before breaching constraints determined by regulatory capital and liquidity needs and its obligations, also from a conduct perspective, to depositors, policyholders, other customers and shareholders.
Risk-weighted assets ('RWA's)	Calculated by assigning a degree of risk expressed as a percentage (risk weight) to an exposure in accordance with the applicable Standardised or IRB approach rules.
Run-off portfolios	Legacy credit in GB&M, the US CML portfolio and other US run-off portfolios, including the treasury services related to the US CML businesses and commercial operations in run-off. Origination of new business in the run-off portfolios has been discontinued and balances are being managed down through attrition and sale.
S
Sale and repurchase agreement	See repo above.
Second lien	A security interest granted over an item of property to secure the repayment of a debt that is issued against the same collateral as a first lien but that is subordinate to it. In the case of default, repayment for this debt will only be received after the first lien has been repaid.
Securitisation	A transaction or scheme whereby the credit risk associated with an exposure, or pool of exposures, is tranched and where payments to investors in the transaction or scheme are dependent upon the performance of the exposure or pool of exposures. A traditional securitisation involves the transfer of the exposures being securitised to an SE which issues securities. In a synthetic securitisation, the tranching is achieved by the use of credit derivatives and the exposures are not removed from the balance sheet of the originator.
Securitisation swap	An interest rate or cross currency swap with notional linked to the size of the outstanding asset portfolio in a securitisation. Securitisation swaps are typically executed by securitisation vehicles to hedge interest rate risk arising from mismatches between the interest rate risk profile of the asset portfolio and that of the securities issued by the vehicle.
Short sale	In relation to credit risk management, a 'short sale' is an arrangement in which a bank permits the borrower to sell the property for less than the amount outstanding under a loan agreement. The proceeds are used to reduce the outstanding loan balance and the borrower is subsequently released from any further obligations on the loan.
Single-issuer liquidity facility	A liquidity or stand-by line provided to a corporate customer which is different from a similar line provided to a conduit funding vehicle.

Term	Definition
Six filters	An internal measure designed to improve capital deployment across the Group. Five of the filters examine the strategic relevance of each business in each country in terms of connectivity and economic development, and the current returns in terms of profitability, cost efficiency and liquidity. The sixth filter requires adherence to global risk standards.
Sovereign exposures	Exposures to governments, ministries, departments of governments, embassies, consulates and exposures on account of cash balances and deposits with central banks.
Standardised approach	In relation to credit risk, a method for calculating credit risk capital requirements using External Credit Assessment Institutions ('ECAI') ratings and supervisory risk weights. In relation to operational risk, a method of calculating the operational capital requirement by the application of a supervisory defined percentage charge to the gross income of eight specified business lines.
Stressed VAR	A market risk measure based on potential market movements for a continuous one-year period of stress for a trading portfolio
Structured entities ('SE's)	A corporation, trust or other non-bank entity, established for a narrowly defined purpose, including for carrying on securitisation activities. The structure of the SE and its activities are intended to isolate its obligations from those of the originator and the holders of the beneficial interests in the securitisation.
Structured finance/notes	An instrument whose return is linked to the level of a specified index or the level of a specified asset. The return on a structured note can be linked to equities, interest rates, foreign exchange, commodities or credit. Structured notes may or may not offer full or partial capital protection in the event of a decline in the underlying index or asset.
Structured Investment Vehicles ('SIV's)	Structured entities which invest in diversified portfolios of interest-earning assets, generally funded through issues of commercial paper, medium-term notes and other senior debt to take advantage of the spread differentials between the assets in the SIV and the funding cost.
Student loan-related assets	Securities with collateral relating to student loans.
Subordinated liabilities	Liabilities which rank after the claims of other creditors of the issuer in the event of insolvency or liquidation.
Sub-prime	A US description for customers with high credit risk, for example those who have limited credit histories, modest incomes, high debt-to-income ratios, high loan-to-value ratios (for real estate secured products) or have experienced credit problems caused by occasional delinquencies, prior charge-offs, bankruptcy or other credit-related problems.
Sustainability risk	The risk that the environmental and social effects of providing financial services outweigh the economic benefits.
Sustainable cost savings	Permanent cost reductions at a given level of business activity. Sustainable cost savings exclude cost avoidance and revenue and loan impairment charge benefits as these do not represent operational expense reductions. Cost savings resulting from business disposals are not classified as sustainable.
Systems risk	The risk of failure or other deficiency in the automated platforms that support the Group's daily execution and the systems infrastructure on which they reside, including data centres, networks and distributed computers.
T
Tier 1 capital	A component of regulatory capital, comprising core tier 1 and other tier 1 capital. Other tier 1 capital includes qualifying capital instruments such as non-cumulative perpetual preference shares and hybrid capital securities.
Tier 2 capital	A component of regulatory capital, comprising qualifying subordinated loan capital, related non-controlling interests, allowable collective impairment allowances and unrealised gains arising on the fair valuation of equity instruments held as available-for-sale. Tier 2 capital also includes reserves arising from the revaluation of properties.
Trading portfolios	Positions arising from market-making and warehousing of customer-derived positions.
Trading risk	Market risk arising from trading portfolios.
Troubled debt restructuring	A US description for restructuring a debt whereby the creditor for economic or legal reasons related to a debtor's financial difficulties grants a concession to the debtor that it would not otherwise consider.
U
Unencumbered assets	Assets on our balance sheet which have not been pledged as collateral against an existing liability.
Unfunded exposures	An exposure where the notional amount of a contract has not been exchanged.
US government agency and sponsored enterprises mortgage-related assets	Securities that are guaranteed by US government agencies such as Ginnie Mae, or by US government‑sponsored entities including Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac.
V
Value-at-risk ('VAR')	A measure of the loss that could occur on risk positions as a result of adverse movements in market risk factors (e.g. rates, prices, volatilities) over a specified time horizon and to a given level of confidence.
W
Wholesale loans	Money lent to sovereign borrowers, banks, non-bank financial institutions and corporate entities.
Write-down	Reduction in the carrying value of an asset due to impairment or fair value movements.
Wrong-way risk	An adverse correlation between the counterparty's probability of default and the mark-to-market value of the underlying transaction.

Index

A

Abbreviations 277

Accounting

consolidation 218

future developments 218

policies 216, 219

standards 216

Acquisitions 20, 45, 62

Anti-money laundering investigations 260

Areas of special interest 103

Asset-backed securities 146

Assets 45

by geographical region 62

by global business 45

charged as security 252

constant currency/reported reconciliation 39

held for sale 241

held in custody and under administration 99

liquid 158

maturity analysis 245

mortgage-related 151

movement in 38

risk-weighted 2, 43, 45, 62

trading 223

Associates and joint ventures 36

Audit arrangements 6

Auditor's review report 265

B

Balance sheet

consolidated 37, 210

constant currency/reported reconciliation 39

data 37, 66, 71, 77, 83, 90, 96

insurance manufacturing subsidiaries 176

movement 38

Balance Sheet Management 169

Bancassurance 175

Basel II, III 187

Basis of preparation 44, 216

Brazilian labour and fiscal claims 245

Business model 11

C

Capital 181

buffers 189

commitments 254

future developments 189

management 103, 192

measurement and allocation 193

overview 182

ratios 2

structure 186

total regulatory 185

Cash flows 159

consolidated statement 211

notes 253

Cautionary statement regarding forward-looking statements 276

Client assets 55

Combined customer lending and deposits 40

Commercial Banking 49

constant currency/reported profit 18

underlying/reported profit 21

Commercial real estate 103

management view 49

Compliance risk 103, 173

Compliance with IFRSs 216

Composition of Group (changes in) 218

Concentration of exposure 140

Constant currency 17

Contents - inside front cover

Contingent liabilities, contractual commitments and guarantees 254

Copies of the Interim Report 274

Corporate governance 272

CRD IV 187, 197, 200

Credit default swap regulatory investigation and litigation 262

Credit quality 124

Credit risk 112

credit exposure 114

Customer accounts 2, 41

Customer lending and deposits (combined) 40

D

Daily distribution of trading revenues 166

Dealings in HSBC Holdings shares 271

Defined terms - inside front cover

Derivatives 114, 140, 236

by product contract type 237

credit 237

hedging instruments 238

interest rate 244

trading 237

Directors

biographies 201

board 6

interests 266

responsibility statement 264

Disposals 20, 31, 45, 62

Dividends 219, 271, 272

E

Earnings per share 219

Economic background

Europe 63

Hong Kong 69

Latin America 93

Middle East and North Africa 80

North America 86

Rest of Asia-Pacific 74

Economic profit/(loss) 42

Egypt 104

Equity 2, 39

Equity securities available for sale 168

Estimates and assumptions 217

Europe 63

assets 62

balance sheet data 66

constant currency/reported profit 18

customer accounts 41

economic background 63

impairment allowances 135, 139

loans and advances 116, 117, 121, 127, 130, 142

operating expenses 65

profit before tax 61, 64, 66

review of performance 63

risk-weighted assets 62

Eurozone exposures 153

risks 104

Events after the balance sheet date 262

Expense from financial instruments designated at fair value (net) 29

F

Fair values

adjustments 226

control framework 225

movements 62

of financial instruments at fair value 224

of financial instruments not at fair value 233

significant unobservable assumptions 229

valuation bases 227

Fee income (net) 27

Final results 272

Financial assets

designated at fair value 235

offsetting 250

Financial highlights 2

Financial instruments

at fair value 29, 224

credit quality 124

not at fair value 233

Financial investments 40, 239

Financial liabilities designated at fair value 242

Footnotes 100, 178, 191, 215

Forbearance 129

Foreclosed properties in US 119

Foreign exchange rates 22, 37

Funding sources 160

Funds under management 99

G

Gains less losses from financial investments 30

Geographical regions 13, 21, 61

Global Banking and Markets 52

ABSs classified as AFS 147

constant currency/reported profit 18

management view 53

underlying/reported profit 21

Global businesses 12, 21, 44, 58

Global functions 13

Global Private Banking 55

constant currency/reported profit 18

underlying/reported profit 21

Global Standards 5, 14

Glossary 280

Going concern 273

Goodwill impairment 255

Group Chairman's Statement 4

Group Chief Executive's Business Review 7

Group Managing Directors 206

Growth priorities 48, 50, 53, 56

H

Highlights 1, 63, 69, 75, 80, 86, 93

Hong Kong 69

assets 62

balance sheet data 71

constant currency/reported profit 18

customer accounts 41

economic background 69

impairment allowances 135, 139

loans and advances 116, 117, 121, 127, 130, 142

profit before tax 61, 69, 70

review of performance 69

risk-weighted assets 62

HSBC Finance 118, 131

HSBC Holdings 12, 171

I

Impairment

allowances and charges 113

by geographical region 135

charges and other credit risk provisions 136

constant currency/reported profit 139

impaired loans 133

methodologies 147

Income statement

consolidated 22, 208

Information security 111

Insurance 175

balance sheet by type of contract 176

claims incurred and movement in liabilities to policyholders (net) 32

net earned premiums 30

risk 175

Interest-earning assets 26

Interest income (net) 26

sensitivity 170

Interest rate repricing gap 172

Interim Management Statement 272

Interim Report 263

Internet crime 110

L

Latin America 93

assets 62

balance sheet data 96

constant currency/reported profit 18

customer accounts 41

economic background 93

impairment allowances 135, 139

loans and advances 116, 117, 121, 127, 130, 142

profit before tax 61, 93, 94, 96

review of performance 93

risk-weighted assets 62

Legal proceedings 255

Leveraged finance transactions 152

Liabilities

constant currency/reported reconciliation 39

financial liabilities designated at fair value 242

maturity analysis 245

movement in 38

offsetting 250

trading 242

Libor investigation 261

Liquidity and funding 156

contingent liquidity risk 160

management 157

regulation 157

Loans and advances

by country/region 144

by credit quality 124

by industry sector 141

excluding held for sale 113

exposure 114

impaired 133

mortgage lending 117

past due but not impaired 127

personal lending 105, 116

renegotiated 129

to banks 124, 143

to customers 2, 142

wholesale lending 121

Loan impairment charges and other credit risk provisions 33, 136

underlying/reported reconciliation 21

M

Madoff 256

Margin 26

Market capitalisation 3

Market risk 164

measures applicable to parent 171

Middle East and North Africa 80

assets 62

balance sheet data 83

constant currency/reported profit 18

customer accounts 41

economic background 80

impairment allowances 135, 139

loans and advances 116, 117, 121, 127, 130, 142

profit/(loss) before tax 61, 80, 81, 83

review of performance 80

risk-weighted assets 62

Monoline insurers 151

Mortgage lending 117, 118, 120

Mortgage-related assets 151

Mortgage-related investigations 258

Mortgage sales 153

N

Non-GAAP measures 17

Non-trading portfolios 165, 167

North America 86

assets 62

balance sheet data 90

constant currency/reported profit 18

customer accounts 41

economic background 86

impairment allowances 135, 139

loans and advances 116, 117, 121, 127, 130, 142

profit before tax 61, 86, 87, 90

review of performance 86

risk-weighted assets 62

Notable items 25

Notifiable interests in share capital 271

O

Off-balance sheet arrangements 249

Offsets 115

Operating expenses 34, 65

underlying/reported reconciliation 21

Operating income (other) 2, 31

Operating model 12

Operational risk 172

'Other' segment 57

Outlook 6, 8

P

Payment protection insurance 243

Pension scheme 171

Personal lending 105

Pillar 1, 2 and 3 193, 195

Portfolio repositioning 44

Post-employment benefits 220

Preferred securities 37

Presentation of information 217

Principal activities 10

Profit before tax 2, 45

attributable 220

by country 64, 75, 81, 87, 94

by geographical region 61, 63, 66, 69, 71, 77, 83, 90, 96

by global business 58, 64, 70, 81, 87, 94

consolidated 22

constant currency/reported reconciliation 18

data 2

underlying/reported reconciliation 21

Provisions 243

PVIF 31

R

Ratios

advances to core funding 157

capital (total) 2

common equity tier 1 2

core tier 1 ratio 2

cost efficiency 35, 63, 69, 74, 80, 86, 93

credit coverage 3

customer advances to customer accounts 2

dividends per ordinary share 2

earnings per share 2

leverage 190

net assets per share 2

performance 3

return on average risk-weighted assets 3, 43, 63, 69, 74, 80, 86, 93

returns 3

stressed coverage 157

total shareholders' equity to average total assets 2

Regulatory

adjustments 197

capital 185

capital buffers 189

update 5

Related parties 99

Reputational risk 174

Responsibility statement 264

Rest of Asia-Pacific 74

assets 62

balance sheet data 77

constant currency/reported profit 18

customer accounts 41

economic background 74

impairment allowances 135, 139

loans and advances 116, 117, 121, 127, 130, 142

profit before tax 61, 74, 75, 77

review of performance 75

risk-weighted assets 62

Retail Banking and Wealth Management 46

constant currency/reported profit 18

underlying/reported profit 21

Revenue

underlying/reported reconciliation 21

Review of performance 46, 49, 52, 55, 63, 69, 75, 80, 86, 93

Risks

appetite 16

business 109

compliance 103, 111, 173

contingent liquidity 160

counterparty credit risk 184, 195

credit 112, 183, 195

credit spread 168

data management 110

disposals 110

dispute 109

factors 15

foreign exchange 171

geopolitical 105

information security 111

insurance operations 175

internet crime 110

liquidity and funding 157

managing risk 103, 104

market 165

model 111

non-trading interest rate 168

operational 172

pension 171

profile 102

redenomination 154

regulatory 107

reputational 174

top and emerging 15, 105

Risk-weighted assets 2, 43, 45, 62, 182, 190, 195

S

Securities investment conduits 147

Securities litigation 255

Securitisation 146

activity and litigation 259

Segmental analysis 254

Senior management 205, 206

Sensitivity of net interest income 170

Share capital - notifiable interests 271

Shareholder enquiries 274

Share information 3

Share option plans

Directors' interests 266

discretionary 270

#

employee share plans 269

subsidiary company plans 270

Spread 26

Staff numbers 34, 63, 69, 74, 80, 86, 93

Statement of changes in equity (consolidated) 212

Statement of comprehensive income (consolidated) 209

Stock symbols 273

Strategic direction 13

Commercial Banking 49

Global Banking and Markets 52

Global Private Banking 55

Retail Banking and Wealth Management 46

Structural banking reform 191

Structural foreign exchange exposures 168

Structured entities 147

Systemically important banks 189

T

Tax 36, 221

US tax and broker-dealer investigations 261

Telephone and online share-dealing service 273

Total shareholder return 3

Trading

assets 140, 223

derivatives 237

income (net) 28

liabilities 242

portfolios 165

U

UK regulatory update 189

Underlying performance 19

V

Value at risk 165, 167, 171

stressed 167

Values 10

Vision 10

W

Wholesale funding 156

Wholesale lending 121

Wholesale term debt maturity profile 161

Y

Yield 26

 

END

 

 

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