Pillar 3 Disclosures at 30 June 2019

RNS Number : 8642H

HSBC Holdings PLC

05 August 2019

 

HSBC Holdings plc

Pillar 3 Disclosures at 30 June 2019

Contents
	Page
Highlights	2
Regulatory framework for disclosures	2
Pillar 3 disclosures	2
Key metrics	3
Regulatory developments	4
Structure of the regulatory group	5
Capital and RWAs	8
Own funds	8
Leverage ratio	10
Capital buffers	11
Pillar 1 minimum capital requirements and RWA flow	11
Credit risk	14
Credit quality of assets	15
Defaulted exposures	19
Risk mitigation	20
Counterparty credit risk	30
Securitisation	34
Market risk	39
Minimum requirement for own funds and eligible liabilities	42
Creditor ranking at legal entity level	45
Other information	48
Abbreviations	48
Cautionary statement regarding forward-looking statements	49
Contacts	49

Tables
		Ref	Page
1	Key metrics (KM1/IFRS9-FL)	a	3
2	Reconciliation of capital with and without IFRS 9 transitional arrangements		4
3	Reconciliation of balance sheets - financial accounting to regulatory scope of consolidation		6
4	Own funds disclosure	b	8
5	Leverage ratio common disclosure (LRCom)	a	10
6	Summary reconciliation of accounting assets and leverage ratio exposures (LRSum)	b	10
7	Leverage ratio - Split of on-balance sheet exposures (excluding derivatives, SFTs and exempted exposures) (LRSpl)	a	11
8	Overview of RWAs (OV1)	b	12
9	RWA flow statements of credit risk exposures under IRB (CR8)		13
10	RWA flow statements of CCR exposures under IMM (CCR7)		13
11	RWA flow statements of market risk exposures under IMA (MR2-B)		13
12	Credit risk summary by approach	a	14
13	Credit quality of exposures by exposure class and instrument (CR1-A)		15
14	Credit quality of exposures by industry or counterparty types (CR1-B)		17
15	Credit quality of exposures by geography (CR1-C)		18
16	Ageing of past-due unimpaired and impaired exposures (CR1-D)		18
17	Non-performing and forborne exposures (CR1-E)		19
18	Changes in stock of general and specific credit risk adjustments (CR2-A)		19
19	Changes in stock of defaulted loans and debt securities (CR2-B)		19
20	Credit risk mitigation techniques - overview (CR3)		20
21	Standardised approach - credit conversion factor and credit risk mitigation ('CRM') effects (CR4)	b	21
22	Standardised approach - exposures by asset classes and risk weights (CR5)	b	22
23	IRB - Credit risk exposures by portfolio and PD range (CR6)	a	23
24	IRB - Effect on RWA of credit derivatives used as CRM techniques (CR7)		28
25	Specialised lending on slotting approach (CR10)		29
26	Analysis of counterparty credit risk exposure by approach (excluding centrally cleared exposures) (CCR1)		30
27	Credit valuation adjustment capital charge (CCR2)		30
28	Standardised approach - CCR exposures by regulatory portfolio and risk weights (CCR3)		30
29	IRB - CCR exposures by portfolio and PD scale (CCR4)		31
30	Impact of netting and collateral held on exposure values (CCR5-A)		32
31	Composition of collateral for CCR exposure (CCR5-B)		33
32	Exposures to central counterparties (CCR8)		33
33	Credit derivatives exposures (CCR6)		33
34	Securitisation exposures in the non-trading book (SEC1)		34
35	Securitisation exposures in the trading book (SEC2)		34
36i	Securitisation exposures in the non-trading book and associated regulatory capital requirements - bank acting as originator or as sponsor (under the pre-existing framework) (SEC3)		36
36ii	Securitisation exposures in the non-trading book and associated regulatory capital requirements - bank acting as originator or as sponsor (under the new framework) (SEC3)		37
37i	Securitisation exposures in the non-trading book and associated capital requirements - bank acting as investor (under the pre-existing framework) (SEC4)		37
37ii	Securitisation exposures in the non-trading book and associated capital requirements - bank acting as investor (under the new framework) (SEC4)		38
38	Market risk under standardised approach (MR1)		39
39	Market risk under IMA (MR2-A)		39
40	IMA values for trading portfolios (MR3)		40
41	Comparison of VaR estimates with gains/losses (MR4)		40
42	Key metrics of the resolution groups (KM2)	a	43
43	TLAC composition (TLAC1)	a	44
44	HSBC Holdings plc creditor ranking (TLAC3)		45
45	HSBC UK Bank plc creditor ranking (TLAC2)		45
46	HSBC Bank plc creditor ranking (TLAC2)		46
47	HSBC Asia Holdings Ltd creditor ranking (TLAC3)		46
48	The Hongkong and Shanghai Banking Corporation Ltd creditor ranking (TLAC2)		47
49	Hang Seng Bank Ltd creditor ranking (TLAC2)		47
50	HSBC North America Holdings Inc. creditor ranking (TLAC3)		47

The Group has adopted the EU's regulatory transitional arrangements for IFRS 9 'Financial instruments'. A number of tables in this document report under this arrangement as follows:

a.  Some figures have been prepared on an IFRS 9 transitional basis. Footnotes in the tables provide detail.

b.  All figures have been prepared on an IFRS 9 transitional basis.

All other tables report numbers on the basis of full adoption of IFRS 9.

Certain defined terms

Unless the context requires otherwise, 'HSBC Holdings' means HSBC Holdings plc and 'HSBC', the 'Group', 'we', 'us' and 'our' refer to HSBC Holdings together with its subsidiaries. Within this document the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of the People's Republic of China is referred to as 'Hong Kong'. When used in the terms 'shareholders' equity' and 'total shareholders' equity', 'shareholders' means holders of HSBC Holdings ordinary shares and those preference shares and capital securities issued by HSBC Holdings classified as equity. The abbreviations '$m', '$bn' and '$tn' represent millions, billions (thousands of millions) and trillions of US dollars, respectively.

Highlights

Please refer to PDF for associated charts
http://www.rns-pdf.londonstockexchange.com/rns/8642H_1-2019-8-5.pdf

Common equity tier 1 ($bn)

Risk-weighted assets ($bn)

Common equity tier 1 ratio (%)

Leverage ratio (%)

Unless otherwise stated all figures are calculated using the EU's regulatory transitional arrangements for IFRS 9 in article 473a of the Capital Requirements Regulation.

Our leverage ratio at 30 June 2019 is calculated on a CRR II end point basis for capital. Prior period leverage ratios are calculated on the CRD IV end point basis for capital.

 

Regulatory framework for disclosures

We are supervised on a consolidated basis in the UK by the Prudential Regulation Authority ('PRA'), which receives information on the capital adequacy of, and sets capital requirements for, the Group as a whole. Individual banking subsidiaries are directly regulated by their local banking supervisors who set and monitor their local capital adequacy requirements. In most jurisdictions, non-banking financial subsidiaries are also subject to the supervision and capital requirements of local regulatory authorities.

At a consolidated Group level, capital is calculated for prudential regulatory reporting purposes using the Basel III framework of the Basel Committee on Banking Supervision ('Basel'), as implemented by the European Union ('EU') in the revisions to the Capital Requirements Regulation ('CRR II'), and in the PRA Rulebook for the UK banking industry. The regulators of Group banking entities outside the EU are at varying stages of implementing the Basel III framework, so the Group may have been subject to local regulations in the first half of 2019 that were on the basis of the Basel I, II or III frameworks. Refer to the Regulatory Developments section on page 4 for further detail.

The Basel Committee's framework is structured around three 'pillars': the Pillar 1 minimum capital requirements; the Pillar 2 supervisory review process; and the Pillar 3 on market discipline. The aim of Pillar 3 is to produce disclosures that allow market participants to assess the scope of banks' application of the Basel Committee's framework. It also aims to assess their application of the rules in their jurisdiction, capital conditions, risk exposures and risk management processes, and hence their capital adequacy.

Pillar 3 disclosures

Our Pillar 3 Disclosures at 30 June 2019 comprises both quantitative and qualitative information required under Pillar 3. They are made in accordance with Part Eight of the Capital Requirements Regulation, as amended by CRR II and the European Banking Authority ('EBA') guidelines on disclosure requirements issued in December 2016. These disclosures are supplemented by specific additional requirements of the PRA and discretionary disclosures on our part.

The Pillar 3 disclosures are governed by the Group's disclosure policy framework as approved by the Group Audit Committee ('GAC').

To give insight into movements during the year, we provide comparative figures for the previous year or period, analytical reviews of variances and flow tables for capital requirements. In all tables where the term 'capital requirements' is used, this represents the minimum total capital charge set at 8% of risk weighted assets ('RWAs') by article 92 of the Capital Requirements Regulation.

Where disclosures have been enhanced, or are new, we do not generally restate or provide prior year comparatives. Wherever specific rows and columns in the tables prescribed by the EBA or Basel are not applicable or immaterial to our activities, we omit them and follow the same approach for comparative disclosures.

Pillar 3 requirements may be met by inclusion in other disclosure media. Where we adopt this approach, references are provided to the relevant pages of the Interim Report 2019 or to other locations.

We continue to engage in the work of the UK authorities and industry associations to improve the transparency and comparability of UK banks' Pillar 3 disclosures

Key metrics

Table 1: Key metrics (KM1/IFRS9-FL)
			At
			30 Jun		31 Mar		31 Dec		30 Sep		30 Jun
Ref*		Footnotes	2019		2019		2018		2018		2018
	Available capital ($bn)	1
1	Common equity tier 1 ('CET1') capital	^	126.9		125.8		121.0		123.1		122.8
2	CET1 capital as if IFRS 9 transitional arrangements had not been applied		126.0		124.9		120.0		122.1		121.8
3	Tier 1 capital	^	152.8		151.8		147.1		149.3		147.1
4	Tier 1 capital as if IFRS 9 transitional arrangements had not been applied		151.9		150.9		146.1		148.3		146.1
5	Total capital	^	178.3		177.8		173.2		178.1		176.6
6	Total capital as if IFRS 9 transitional arrangements had not been applied		177.4		176.9		172.2		177.1		175.6
	Risk-weighted assets ('RWAs') ($bn)
7	Total RWAs		886.0		879.5		865.3		862.7		865.5
8	Total RWAs as if IFRS 9 transitional arrangements had not been applied		885.5		878.9		864.7		862.1		864.9
	Capital ratios (%)	1
9	CET1	^	14.3		14.3		14.0		14.3		14.2
10	CET1 as if IFRS 9 transitional arrangements had not been applied		14.2		14.2		13.9		14.2		14.1
11	Tier 1	^	17.2		17.3		17.0		17.3		17.0
12	Tier 1 as if IFRS 9 transitional arrangements had not been applied		17.2		17.2		16.9		17.2		16.9
13	Total capital	^	20.1		20.2		20.0		20.7		20.4
14	Total capital as if IFRS 9 transitional arrangements had not been applied		20.0		20.1		19.9		20.6		20.3
	Additional CET1 buffer requirements as a percentage of RWA (%)
	Capital conservation buffer requirement		2.50		2.50		1.88		1.88		1.88
	Countercyclical buffer requirement		0.68		0.67		0.56		0.45		0.46
	Bank G-SIB and/or D-SIB additional requirements		2.00		2.00		1.50		1.50		1.50
	Total of bank CET1 specific buffer requirements		5.18		5.17		3.94		3.83		3.84
	Total capital requirement (%)	2
	Total capital requirement		11.0		11.0		10.9		11.5		11.5
	CET1 available after meeting the bank's minimum capital requirements		8.1		8.1		7.9		7.8		7.7
	Leverage ratio	3
15	Total leverage ratio exposure measure ($bn)		2,786.5		2,735.2		2,614.9		2,676.4		2,664.1
16	Leverage ratio (%)	^	5.4		5.4		5.5		5.4		5.4
17	Leverage ratio as if IFRS 9 transitional arrangements had not been applied (%)		5.3		5.4		5.5		5.4		5.3
	Liquidity coverage ratio ('LCR')	4
	Total high-quality liquid assets ($bn)		532.8		535.4		567.2		533.2		540.2
	Total net cash outflow ($bn)		391.0		374.8		368.7		334.1		341.7
	LCR ratio (%)		136.3		142.9		153.8		159.6		158.1

*   The references in this and subsequent tables identify the lines prescribed in the relevant EBA template where applicable and where there is a value.

^    Figures have been prepared on an IFRS 9 transitional basis.

1   Capital figures and ratios at 30 June 2019 are reported on a CRR II transitional basis. Prior period capital figures are reported on a CRD IV transitional basis.

2   Total capital requirement is defined as the sum of Pillar 1 and Pillar 2A capital requirements set by the PRA. The minimum requirements represent the total capital requirement to be met by CET1.

3   Leverage ratio at 30 June 2019 is calculated using the CRR II end point basis for capital. Prior period leverage ratios are calculated on the CRD IV end point basis for capital.

4   The EU's regulatory transitional arrangements for IFRS 9 'Financial Instruments' in article 473a of the Capital Requirements Regulation do not apply to liquidity coverage measures. LCR is calculated as at the end of each period rather than using average values. For further details, refer to page 68 of the Interim Report 2019.

The Group has adopted the regulatory transitional arrangements, including paragraph four within article 473a of the Capital Requirements Regulation, published by the EU on 27 December 2017 for IFRS 9 'Financial Instruments'. These permit banks to add back to their capital base a proportion of the impact that IFRS 9 has upon their loan loss allowances during the first five years of use. The proportion that banks may add back starts at 95% in 2018, and reduces to 25% by 2022.

The impact of IFRS 9 on loan loss allowances is defined as:

•    the increase in loan loss allowances on day one of IFRS 9 adoption; and

 

•    any subsequent increase in expected credit losses ('ECL') in the non-credit-impaired book thereafter.

The impact is calculated separately for portfolios using the standardised ('STD') and internal ratings based ('IRB') approaches and, for IRB portfolios, there is no add-back to capital unless loan loss allowances exceed regulatory 12-month expected losses. 
Any add-back must be tax affected and accompanied by a recalculation of capital deduction thresholds, exposure and RWAs.

Table 2 presents a reconciliation recommended by the Disclosing Expected Credit Losses taskforce to further explain the Group's transitional and fully loaded capital measures.

Table 2: Reconciliation of capital with and without IFRS 9 transitional arrangements
	At 30 Jun 2019
	CET1		Tier 1		Total own funds
	$bn		$bn		$bn
Reported balance using IFRS 9 transitional arrangements	126.9		152.8		178.3
ECL reversed under transitional arrangements for IFRS 9	(1.0	)	(1.0	)	(1.0	)
-  STD approach	(1.0	)	(1.0	)	(1.0	)
Tax impacts	0.2		0.2		0.2
Changes in amounts deducted from CET1 for deferred tax assets and significant investments	(0.1	)	(0.1	)	(0.1	)
-  amounts deducted from CET1 for significant investments	(0.1	)	(0.1	)	(0.1	)
Reported balance excluding IFRS 9 transitional arrangements	126.0		151.9		177.4

Regulatory developments

The Basel Committee

In December 2017, Basel published the Basel III Reforms. The final package includes:

•    widespread changes to the risk weights under the standardised approach to credit risk;

•    a change in the scope of application of the IRB approach to credit risk, together with changes to the IRB methodology;

•    the replacement of the operational risk approaches with a single methodology;

•    an amended set of rules for the credit valuation adjustment ('CVA') capital framework;

•    an aggregate output capital floor that ensures that banks' total RWAs are no lower than 72.5% of those generated by the standardised approaches; and

•    changes to the exposure measure for the leverage ratio, together with the imposition of a leverage ratio buffer for global systemically important banks ('G-SIB'). This will take the form of a tier 1 capital buffer set at 50% of the G-SIB's RWA capital buffer.

Following a recalibration, Basel published the final changes to the market risk RWA regime, the Fundamental Review of the Trading Book ('FRTB') in January 2019. The new regime contains a more clearly defined trading book boundary, the introduction of an internal models approach based upon expected shortfall models, capital requirements for risk factors which cannot be modelled, and a more risk-sensitive standardised approach that can serve as a fall-back for the internal models method.

In June 2019, Basel published a revised treatment of client-cleared derivatives for the purposes of the leverage ratio. This will permit both cash and non-cash initial and variation margin to offset derivative exposure in the leverage ratio. At the same time, Basel published revised leverage ratio disclosure requirements that will require banks to disclose their leverage ratios based on quarter-end and on daily average values for securities financing transactions ('SFT').

Basel has announced that the package will be implemented on 
1 January 2022, with a five-year transitional provision for the output floor, commencing at a rate of 50%. The final standards will need to be transposed into the relevant local law before coming into effect.

Given that the package contains a significant number of national discretions, the final outcome is uncertain both in impact and timing; however, we currently anticipate a potential for an increase in RWAs. The primary drivers include changes in the market risk, operational risk and CVA methodologies, as well the potential loss of equivalence for certain investments in funds and the introduction of an output floor.

The Capital Requirements Regulation amendments

In June 2019, the EU enacted the final rules amending the Capital Requirements Regulation, known as the CRR II. This is the first tranche of changes to the EU's legislation to reflect the Basel III Reforms and includes the changes to the market risk rules under

the FRTB, revisions to the standardised approach for measuring counterparty risk ('SA-CCR') and the new leverage ratio rules.

The CRR II rules will follow a phased implementation with significant elements entering into force in 2021, in part in advance of Basel's timeline. The EU's timetable for the FRTB will be finalised once further legislation to reflect Basel's January 2019 amendments has been enacted. It remains uncertain how the elements of the CRR II that come into force after the UK's withdrawal from the EU will be transposed into UK law.

The CRR II also represents the EU's implementation of the Financial Stability Board's ('FSB') requirements for Total Loss Absorbing Capacity ('TLAC'), known in Europe as the Minimum Requirements for Own Funds and Eligible Liabilities ('MREL'). Furthermore, it also includes changes to the own funds regime.  These rules applied in June 2019 and are accompanied by related first time Pillar 3 disclosures which are set out on page 40.

In June 2018, the Bank of England ('BoE') published its approach to setting MREL within groups, known as internal MREL, and its final policy on selected outstanding MREL policy matters. These requirements came into effect on 1 January 2019. The BoE will, before the end of 2020, review the calibration of MREL and final compliance date, prior to setting end-state MREL requirements.

The EU's implementation of Basel III Reforms

In July 2019, the EBA issued its report on the implementation of a second tranche of changes to the EU legislation to reflect the remaining Basel III Reforms ('CRR III'). This included recommendations in relation to credit risk, operational risk and the output floor. A further report with recommendations on the reforms to the CVA framework and the FRTB is expected later this year.

The EBA's report is the first stage of the implementation process in the EU. The European Commission will consult upon its view of the policy choices in due course, and is expected to produce draft text in 2020. The package will then be subject to negotiation with the EU Council and Parliament. As a result, the final form of the rules remains unclear.

Given the UK's withdrawal from the EU, it remains uncertain whether the UK will implement the CRR III or its own version of Basel's rules.

The UK's withdrawal from the EU

In August 2018, Her Majesty's Treasury ('HMT') commenced the process of transposing the current EU legislation into UK law to ensure that there is legal continuity in the event of the UK leaving the EU. This includes the Capital Requirements Regulation, Capital Requirements Directive and the Bank Recovery and Resolution Directive. The amendments were made in December 2018 and will come into force in the event that the UK leaves the EU without an agreement on 31 October 2019. A statutory instrument is expected in due course that will detail the transposition into UK law of the elements of the CRR II that are in force on exit day.

The BoE and the PRA have been given the power to grant transitional provisions to delay the implementation of these legislative changes for up to two years, following the UK leaving without an agreement. As part of finalising the changes to their rulebooks if the UK leaves without an agreement, the BoE and the PRA confirmed that they will exercise the transitional provision

which allows firms to delay implementation until 30 June 2020, except in limited circumstances. Given the uncertainty regarding the UK's exit date, the transitional arrangements are being kept under review.

Other developments

In January 2019, the EU published final proposals for a prudential backstop for non-performing loans, which will result in a deduction from CET1 capital when a minimum impairment coverage requirement is not met. The rules entered into force in April. They apply to both the HSBC Group and its European regulated bank subsidiaries. The regime only applies to loans originated after the implementation date.

In July 2019, the EBA published a report marking the end of its 'IRB Repair' review, with the exception of the credit risk mitigation guidelines which remain subject to completion. This followed the publication in March 2019 of final guidelines on the estimation of loss given default ('LGD') appropriate for conditions of an economic downturn. The LGD guidelines are intended to supplement the final draft technical standard that specified the nature, severity and duration of an economic downturn, which was published in November 2018. The report sets out the next steps for implementation, confirming that the LGD guidelines will apply, at the latest, by the end of 2023.

In April 2019, the PRA issued statements setting out its expectations of how firms should manage the financial risks from climate change, focusing on governance, risk management, scenario analysis and disclosure areas. In particular, there is a requirement that the risk associated with climate change should be assessed and captured in firms' Pillar 2 assessments

Structure of the regulatory group

Assets, liabilities and post-acquisition reserves of subsidiaries engaged in insurance activities are excluded from the regulatory consolidation. Our investments in these insurance subsidiaries are recorded at cost and deducted from CET1 capital, subject to thresholds.

The regulatory consolidation also excludes special purpose entities ('SPEs') where significant risk has been transferred to third parties. Exposures to these SPEs are risk weighted as securitisation positions for regulatory purposes.

Participating interests in banking associates are proportionally consolidated for regulatory purposes by including our share of assets, liabilities, profits and losses, and RWAs in accordance with the PRA's application of EU legislation. Non-participating significant investments along with non-financial associates are deducted from capital, subject to thresholds.

For further explanation of the differences between the accounting and regulatory scope of consolidation and their definition of exposure, please see page 13 of the Pillar 3 Disclosures at 31 December 2018.

Table 3: Reconciliation of balance sheets - financial accounting to regulatory scope of consolidation
		Accounting balance sheet		Deconsolidation of insurance/ other entities		Consolidation of banking associates		Regulatory balance sheet
	Ref †	$m		$m		$m		$m
Assets
Cash and balances at central banks		171,090		(13	)	343		171,420
Items in the course of collection from other banks		8,673		-		-		8,673
Hong Kong Government certificates of indebtedness		36,492		-		-		36,492
Trading assets		271,424		(1,098	)	-		270,326
Financial assets designated and otherwise mandatorily measured at fair value through profit or loss		41,043		(31,956	)	540		9,627
-  of which: debt securities eligible as tier 2 issued by Group Financial Sector Entities ('FSEs') that are outside the regulatory scope of consolidation	r	-		495		-		495
Derivatives		233,621		(41	)	49		233,629
Loans and advances to banks		82,397		(1,259	)	1,068		82,206
Loans and advances to customers		1,021,632		(1,875	)	12,692		1,032,449
-  of which:     lending eligible as tier 2 to Group FSEs outside the regulatory scope of consolidation	r	-		292		-		292
expected credit losses on IRB portfolios	h	(6,426	)	-		-		(6,426	)
Reverse repurchase agreements - non-trading		233,079		-		581		233,660
Financial investments		428,101		(64,865	)	4,196		367,432
-  of which lending eligible as tier 2 to Group FSEs outside the regulatory scope of consolidation	r	-		366		-		366
Capital invested in insurance and other entities		-		2,302		-		2,302
Prepayments, accrued income and other assets		168,880		(5,217	)	577		164,240
-  of which: retirement benefit assets	j	8,021		-		-		8,021
Current tax assets		804		(45	)	22		781
Interests in associates and joint ventures		23,892		(432	)	(5,064	)	18,396
-  of which: positive goodwill on acquisition	e	493		(13	)	-		480
Goodwill and intangible assets	e	25,733		(8,225	)	1,174		18,682
Deferred tax assets	f	4,412		176		4		4,592
Total assets at 30 Jun 2019		2,751,273		(112,548	)	16,182		2,654,907
Liabilities and equity
Hong Kong currency notes in circulation		36,492		-		-		36,492
Deposits by banks		71,051		(3	)	292		71,340
Customer accounts		1,380,124		2,688		14,722		1,397,534
Repurchase agreements - non-trading		184,497		-		-		184,497
Items in the course of transmission to other banks		9,178		-		-		9,178
Trading liabilities		94,149		-		-		94,149
Financial liabilities designated at fair value		165,104		(4,565	)	33		160,572
-  of which:
included in tier 1	n	400		-		-		400
included in tier 2	o, q, i	11,243		-		-		11,243
Derivatives		229,903		68		56		230,027
-  of which: debit valuation adjustment	i	97		-		-		97
Debt securities in issue		103,663		(1,921	)	-		101,742
Accruals, deferred income and other liabilities		152,052		(2,512	)	911		150,451
Current tax liabilities		1,653		(56	)	3		1,600
Liabilities under insurance contracts		93,794		(93,794	)	-		-
Provisions		3,025		(7	)	38		3,056
-  of which: credit-related contingent liabilities and contractual commitments on IRB portfolios	h	357		-		-		357
Deferred tax liabilities		2,820		(1,238	)	9		1,591
Subordinated liabilities		22,894		2		118		23,014
-  of which:
included in tier 1	l, n	1,783		-		-		1,783
included in tier 2	o, q	19,339		-		-		19,339
Total liabilities at 30 Jun 2019		2,550,399		(101,338	)	16,182		2,465,243
Equity
Called up share capital	a	10,281		-		-		10,281
Share premium account	a, l	13,998		-		-		13,998
Other equity instruments	k	22,367		-		-		22,367
Other reserves	c, g	3,437		1,942		-		5,379
Retained earnings	b, c	142,593		(12,114	)	-		130,479
Total shareholders' equity		192,676		(10,172	)	-		182,504
Non-controlling interests	d, m, n, p	8,198		(1,038	)	-		7,160
Total equity at 30 Jun 2019		200,874		(11,210	)	-		189,664
Total liabilities and equity at 30 Jun 2019		2,751,273		(112,548	)	16,182		2,654,907

†   The references (a)-(r) identify balance sheet components that are used in the calculation of regulatory capital in Table 4: Own funds disclosure .

Table 3: Reconciliation of balance sheets - financial accounting to regulatory scope of consolidation (continued)
		Accounting balance sheet		Deconsolidation of insurance/ other entities		Consolidation of banking associates		Regulatory balance sheet
	Ref †	$m		$m		$m		$m
Assets
Cash and balances at central banks		162,843		(39	)	191		162,995
Items in the course of collection from other banks		5,787		-		-		5,787
Hong Kong Government certificates of indebtedness		35,859		-		-		35,859
Trading assets		238,130		(1,244	)	-		236,886
Financial assets designated and otherwise mandatorily measured at fair value through profit or loss		41,111		(28,166	)	502		13,447
-  of which: debt securities eligible as tier 2 issued by Group FSEs that are outside the regulatory scope of consolidation	r	424		(424	)	-		-
Derivatives		207,825		(70	)	102		207,857
Loans and advances to banks		72,167		(1,264	)	1,462		72,365
-  of which: lending to FSEs eligible as tier 2	r	52		-		-		52
Loans and advances to customers		981,696		(1,530	)	12,692		992,858
-  of which:
lending eligible as tier 2 to Group FSEs outside the regulatory scope of consolidation	r	117		(117	)	-		-
expected credit losses on IRB portfolios	h	(6,405	)	-		-		(6,405	)
Reverse repurchase agreements - non-trading		242,804		(3	)	542		243,343
Financial investments		407,433		(61,228	)	3,578		349,783
Capital invested in insurance and other entities		-		2,306		-		2,306
Prepayments, accrued income and other assets		110,571		(5,968	)	247		104,850
-  of which: retirement benefit assets	j	7,934		-		-		7,934
Current tax assets		684		(23	)	26		687
Interests in associates and joint ventures		22,407		(398	)	(4,144	)	17,865
-  of which: positive goodwill on acquisition	e	492		(13	)	-		479
Goodwill and intangible assets	e	24,357		(7,281	)	-		17,076
Deferred tax assets	f	4,450		161		1		4,612
Total assets at 31 Dec 2018		2,558,124		(104,747	)	15,199		2,468,576
Liabilities and equity
Hong Kong currency notes in circulation		35,859		-		-		35,859
Deposits by banks		56,331		1		229		56,561
Customer accounts		1,362,643		2,586		13,790		1,379,019
Repurchase agreements - non-trading		165,884		-		-		165,884
Items in course of transmission to other banks		5,641		-		-		5,641
Trading liabilities		84,431		-		-		84,431
Financial liabilities designated at fair value		148,505		(4,347	)	36		144,194
-  of which:
included in tier 1	n	411		-		-		411
included in tier 2	o, q, i	12,499		-		-		12,499
Derivatives		205,835		116		81		206,032
-  of which: debit valuation adjustment	i	152		-		-		152
Debt securities in issue		85,342		(1,448	)	-		83,894
Accruals, deferred income and other liabilities		97,380		(2,830	)	691		95,241
Current tax liabilities		718		(22	)	4		700
Liabilities under insurance contracts		87,330		(87,330	)	-		-
Provisions		2,920		(9	)	44		2,955
-  of which: credit-related contingent liabilities and contractual commitments on IRB portfolios	h	395		-		-		395
Deferred tax liabilities		2,619		(1,144	)	1		1,476
Subordinated liabilities		22,437		2		323		22,762
-  of which:
included in tier 1	l, n	1,786		-		-		1,786
included in tier 2	o, q	20,584		-		-		20,584
Total liabilities at 31 Dec 2018		2,363,875		(94,425	)	15,199		2,284,649
Equity
Called up share capital	a	10,180		-		-		10,180
Share premium account	a, l	13,609		-		-		13,609
Other equity instruments	k, l	22,367		-		-		22,367
Other reserves	c, g	1,906		1,996		-		3,902
Retained earnings	b, c	138,191		(11,387	)	-		126,804
Total shareholders' equity		186,253		(9,391	)	-		176,862
Non-controlling interests	d, m, n, p	7,996		(931	)	-		7,065
Total equity at 31 Dec 2018		194,249		(10,322	)	-		183,927
Total liabilities and equity at 31 Dec 2018		2,558,124		(104,747	)	15,199		2,468,576

†   The references (a)-(r) identify balance sheet components that are used in the calculation of regulatory capital in Table 4: Own funds disclosure .

Capital and RWAs

The Capital and Other TLAC-eligible instruments main features disclosure is published on our website, https://www.hsbc.com/investors/fixed-income-investors/regulatory-capital-securities.

For further detail on our management of capital, see page 76 of the Interim Report 2019.

Own funds

Table 4: Own funds disclosure
			At
			30 Jun		31 Dec
			2019		2018
		Ref†	$m		$m
	Common equity tier 1 ('CET1') capital: instruments and reserves
1	Capital instruments and the related share premium accounts		22,874		22,384
	-  ordinary shares	a	22,874		22,384
2	Retained earnings	b	125,478		121,180
3	Accumulated other comprehensive income (and other reserves)	c	3,632		3,368
5	Minority interests (amount allowed in consolidated CET1)	d	5,045		4,854
5a	Independently reviewed interim net profits net of any foreseeable charge or dividend	b	4,319		3,697
6	Common equity tier 1 capital before regulatory adjustments		161,348		155,483
	Common equity tier 1 capital: regulatory adjustments
7	Additional value adjustments1		(1,236	)	(1,180	)
8	Intangible assets (net of related deferred tax liability)	e	(18,904	)	(17,323	)
10	Deferred tax assets that rely on future profitability excluding those arising from temporary differences (net of related tax liability)	f	(1,113	)	(1,042	)
11	Fair value reserves related to gains or losses on cash flow hedges	g	(97	)	135
12	Negative amounts resulting from the calculation of expected loss amounts	h	(1,733	)	(1,750	)
14	Gains or losses on liabilities valued at fair value resulting from changes in own credit standing	i	1,798		298
15	Defined-benefit pension fund assets	j	(6,160	)	(6,070	)
16	Direct and indirect holdings of own CET1 instruments2		(40	)	(40	)
19	Direct, indirect and synthetic holdings by the institution of the CET1 instruments of financial sector entities where the institution has a significant investment in those entities (amount above 10% threshold and net of eligible short positions)3		(6,914	)	(7,489	)
28	Total regulatory adjustments to common equity tier 1		(34,399	)	(34,461	)
29	Common equity tier 1 capital		126,949		121,022
	Additional tier 1 ('AT1') capital: instruments
30	Capital instruments and the related share premium accounts		22,367		22,367
31	-  classified as equity under IFRSs	k	22,367		22,367
33	Amount of qualifying items and the related share premium accounts subject to phase out from AT1	l	2,297		2,297
34	Qualifying tier 1 capital included in consolidated AT1 capital (including minority interests not included in CET1) issued by subsidiaries and held by third parties	m, n	1,274		1,516
35	-  of which: instruments issued by subsidiaries subject to phase out	m	1,218		1,298
36	Additional tier 1 capital before regulatory adjustments		25,938		26,180
	Additional tier 1 capital: regulatory adjustments
37	Direct and indirect holdings of own AT1 instruments2		(60	)	(60	)
43	Total regulatory adjustments to additional tier 1 capital		(60	)	(60	)
44	Additional tier 1 capital		25,878		26,120
45	Tier 1 capital (T1 = CET1 + AT1)		152,827		147,142
	Tier 2 capital: instruments and provisions
46	Capital instruments and the related share premium accounts	o	20,636		20,249
	-  of which: instruments grandfathered under CRR II		7,018		N/A
48	Qualifying own funds instruments included in consolidated T2 capital (including minority interests and AT1 instruments not included in CET1 or AT1) issued by subsidiaries and held by third parties4	p, q	5,989		6,480
49	-  of row 48: instruments issued by subsidiaries subject to phase out	q	832		1,585
	-  of row 48: instruments issued by subsidiaries grandfathered under CRR II		1,475		N/A
51	Tier 2 capital before regulatory adjustments		26,625		26,729
	Tier 2 capital: regulatory adjustments
52	Direct and indirect holdings of own T2 instruments		(40	)	(40	)
55	Direct and indirect holdings by the institution of the T2 instruments and subordinated loans of financial sector entities where the institution has a significant investment in those entities (net of eligible short positions)	r	(1,153	)	(593	)
57	Total regulatory adjustments to tier 2 capital		(1,193	)	(633	)
58	Tier 2 capital		25,432		26,096
59	Total capital (TC = T1 + T2)		178,259		173,238
60	Total risk-weighted assets		885,971		865,318
Table 4: Own funds disclosure  (continued)
			At
			30 Jun		31 Dec
			2019		2018
			$m		$m
	Capital ratios and buffers
61	Common equity tier 1		14.3%		14.0%
62	Tier 1		17.2%		17.0%
63	Total capital		20.1%		20.0%
64	Institution specific buffer requirement		5.18%		3.94%
65	-  capital conservation buffer requirement		2.50%		1.88%
66	-  countercyclical buffer requirement		0.68%		0.56%
67a	-  Global Systemically Important Institution ('G-SII') buffer		2.00%		1.50%
68	Common equity tier 1 available to meet buffers		8.1%		7.9%
	Amounts below the threshold for deduction (before risk weighting)
72	Direct and indirect holdings of the capital of financial sector entities where the institution does not have a significant investment in those entities (amount below 10% threshold and net of eligible short positions)		3,782		2,534
73	Direct and indirect holdings by the institution of the CET1 instruments of financial sector entities where the institution has a significant investment in those entities (amount below 10% threshold and net of eligible short positions)		13,386		12,851
75	Deferred tax assets arising from temporary differences (amount below 10% threshold, net of related tax liability)		4,524		4,956
	Applicable caps on the inclusion of provisions in tier 2
77	Cap on inclusion of credit risk adjustments in T2 under standardised approach		2,282		2,200
79	Cap for inclusion of credit risk adjustments in T2 under IRB approach		3,292		3,221
	Capital instruments subject to phase out arrangements (only applicable between 1 Jan 2013 and 1 Jan 2022)
82	Current cap on AT1 instruments subject to phase out arrangements		5,191		6,921
83	Amount excluded from AT1 due to cap (excess over cap after redemptions and maturities)		63		-
84	Current cap on T2 instruments subject to phase out arrangements		2,815		5,131

†   The references (a)-(r) identify balance sheet components in Table 3: Reconciliation of balance sheets - financial accounting to regulatory scope of consolidation which is used in the calculation of regulatory capital.

1   Additional value adjustments are deducted from CET1. These are calculated on all assets measured at fair value.

2   The deduction for holdings of own CET1, T1 and T2 instruments is set by the PRA.

3   Threshold deduction for significant investments relates to balances recorded on numerous lines on the balance sheet and includes: investments in insurance subsidiaries and non-consolidated associates, other CET1 equity held in financial institutions, and connected funding of a capital nature.

4   Eligible instruments issued by subsidiaries previously reported in row 46 'Capital instruments and the related share premium accounts' are now reported here. For comparative purposes, 2018 data have been re-presented to reflect this change.

At 30 June 2019, our CET1 capital ratio increased to 14.3% from 14.0% at 31 December 2018. This was primarily due to CET1 capital growth during the period and was partly offset by the $20.7bn rise in RWAs.

CET1 capital increased in 1H19 by $5.9bn, mainly as a result of:

•    capital generation of $4.7bn through profits, net of cash and scrip dividends;

•    a $1.3bn increase in the fair value through other comprehensive income reserve; and

•    a $0.6bn decrease in threshold deductions as a result of an increase in the CET1 capital base.

These increases were partly offset by a $1.6bn increase in the deduction for goodwill and intangible assets.

As part of a review of the Group's outstanding capital instruments, it was determined that six tier 2 instruments issued by HSBC USA Inc, HSBC Finance Corporation and HSBC Bank Canada should no longer be included in tier 2 capital for the Group. The instruments with a total face value of $1.7bn were previously designated as grandfathered tier 2 under prevailing regulation and contributed $0.7bn to the Group's tier 2 capital at 31 March 2019. The local capital treatment of these instruments is unchanged.

The $20.7bn increase in RWAs was largely driven by lending growth of $27.8bn and $1.4bn from changes in asset quality, partly offset by reductions of $9.6bn from methodology and policy changes.

For further information, a summary of RWA movements is set out in 'Risk-weighted assets' on page 78 of the Interim Report 2019.

Table 5: Leverage ratio common disclosure (LRCom)
			At
			30 Jun		31 Dec
			2019		2018
		Footnotes	$bn		$bn
	On-balance sheet exposures (excluding derivatives and SFTs)
1	On-balance sheet items (excluding derivatives, SFTs and fiduciary assets, but including collateral)		2,176.3		2,012.5
2	(Asset amounts deducted in determining tier 1 capital)		(34.9	)	(33.8	)
3	Total on-balance sheet exposures (excluding derivatives, SFTs and fiduciary assets)		2,141.4		1,978.7
	Derivative exposures
4	Replacement cost associated with all derivatives transactions (i.e. net of eligible cash variation margin)		56.9		44.2
5	Add-on amounts for potential future exposure associated with all derivatives transactions (mark-to-market method)		174.1		154.1
6	Gross-up for derivatives collateral provided where deducted from the balance sheet assets pursuant to IFRSs		13.2		5.9
7	(Deductions of receivables assets for cash variation margin provided in derivatives transactions)		(47.3	)	(21.5	)
8	(Exempted central counterparty ('CCP') leg of client-cleared trade exposures)		(55.2	)	(38.0	)
9	Adjusted effective notional amount of written credit derivatives		191.9		160.9
10	(Adjusted effective notional offsets and add-on deductions for written credit derivatives)		(183.9	)	(153.4	)
11	Total derivative exposures		149.7		152.2
	Securities financing transaction exposures
12	Gross SFT assets (with no recognition of netting), after adjusting for sales accounting transactions	1	412.7		429.8
13	(Netted amounts of cash payables and cash receivables of gross SFT assets)	1	(158.7	)	(184.5	)
14	Counterparty credit risk exposure for SFT assets		10.6		11.3
16	Total securities financing transaction exposures		264.6		256.6
	Other off-balance sheet exposures
17	Off-balance sheet exposures at gross notional amount		835.2		829.8
18	(Adjustments for conversion to credit equivalent amounts)		(604.4	)	(602.4	)
19	Total off-balance sheet exposures		230.8		227.4
	Capital and total exposures
20	Tier 1 capital		149.3		143.5
21	Total leverage ratio exposure		2,786.5		2,614.9
22	Leverage ratio (%)		5.4		5.5
EU-23	Choice of transitional arrangements for the definition of the capital measure		Fully phased-in		Fully phased-in

1   At 31 December 2018, netting of $180.9bn relating to SFT assets was recognised. This had no impact on the total leverage ratio exposure. Comparatives have been restated.

Leverage ratio

Our leverage ratio calculated in accordance with the Capital Requirements Regulation was 5.4% at 30 June 2019, down from 5.5% at 31 December 2018, mainly due to balance sheet growth.

At 30 June 2019 the Group's leverage ratio measured under the PRA's UK leverage framework was 5.8%. This measure excludes qualifying central bank balances from the calculation of exposure.

At 30 June 2019, our UK minimum leverage ratio requirement of 3.25% under the PRA's UK leverage framework was supplemented by an additional leverage ratio buffer of 0.7% and a countercyclical leverage ratio buffer of 0.2%. These additional buffers translate into capital values of $18.0bn and $6.1bn, respectively. We exceeded these leverage requirements.

For further details on our leverage ratio under the PRA's UK leverage framework, refer to page 79 of the Interim Report 2019.

The risk of excessive leverage is managed as part of our global risk appetite framework and monitored using a leverage ratio metric within our risk appetite statement ('RAS'). The RAS articulates the aggregate level and types of risk that we are willing to accept in our business activities in order to achieve our strategic business objectives. The RAS measures are monitored via the risk appetite profile report, which includes comparisons of actual performance against the risk appetite and tolerance thresholds assigned to each metric, to ensure that any excessive risk is highlighted, assessed and mitigated appropriately. The risk appetite profile report is presented monthly to the Risk Management Meeting of the Group Management Board ('RMM') and the Group Risk Committee ('GRC').

For further details on our risk appetite, refer to page 69 of the Annual Report and Accounts 2018.

Table 6: Summary reconciliation of accounting assets and leverage ratio exposures (LRSum)
		At
		30 Jun		31 Dec
		2019		2018
		$bn		$bn
1	Total assets as per published financial statements	2,751.3		2,558.1
	Adjustments for:
2	-  entities which are consolidated for accounting purposes but are outside the scope of regulatory consolidation	(96.4	)	(89.5	)
4	-  derivative financial instruments	(83.9	)	(55.6	)
5	-  SFTs	8.9		(5.1	)
6	-  off-balance sheet items (i.e. conversion to credit equivalent amounts of off-balance sheet exposures)	230.8		227.4
7	-  other	(24.2	)	(20.4	)
8	Total leverage ratio exposure	2,786.5		2,614.9

Table 7: Leverage ratio - Split of on-balance sheet exposures (excluding derivatives, SFTs and exempted exposures) (LRSpl)
		At
		30 Jun		31 Dec
		2019		2018
		$bn		$bn
EU-1	Total on-balance sheet exposures (excluding derivatives, SFTs and exempted exposures)	2,129.0		1,991.0
EU-2	-  trading book exposures	248.4		218.5
EU-3	-  banking book exposures	1,880.6		1,772.5
	'banking book exposures' comprises:
EU-4	covered bonds	2.5		1.6
EU-5	exposures treated as sovereigns	530.9		507.3
EU-6	exposures to regional governments, multilateral development banks, international organisations and public sector entities not treated as sovereigns	8.8		9.3
EU-7	institutions	77.4		66.8
EU-8	secured by mortgages of immovable properties	313.2		300.0
EU-9	retail exposures	84.7		82.8
EU-10	corporate	634.9		614.3
EU-11	exposures in default	9.2		9.1
EU-12	other exposures (e.g. equity, securitisations and other non-credit obligation assets)	219.0		181.3

Capital buffers

The geographical breakdown and institution-specific countercyclical capital buffer ('CCyB') disclosure and the G-SIB Indicators Disclosure are published annually on the HSBC website, www.hsbc.com.

Pillar 1 minimum capital requirements and RWA flow

Pillar 1 covers the minimum capital resource requirements for credit risk, counterparty credit risk ('CCR'), equity, securitisation, market risk and operational risk. These requirements are expressed in terms of RWAs.

   

Credit risk	The Basel Committee's framework applies three approaches of increasing sophistication to the calculation of Pillar 1 credit risk capital requirements. The most basic level, the standardised approach, requires banks to use external credit ratings to determine the risk weightings applied to rated counterparties. Other counterparties are grouped into broad categories and standardised risk weightings are applied to these categories. The next level, the foundation IRB ('FIRB') approach, allows banks to calculate their credit risk capital requirements on the basis of their internal assessment of a counterparty's probability of default ('PD'), but subjects their quantified estimates of exposure at default ('EAD') and loss given default ('LGD') to standard supervisory parameters. Finally, the advanced IRB ('AIRB') approach allows banks to use their own internal assessment in both determining PD and quantifying EAD and LGD.	For consolidated Group reporting, we have adopted the AIRB approach for the majority of our business. Some portfolios remain on the standardised or FIRB approaches: •    pending the issuance of local regulations or model approval; •    following supervisory prescription of a non-advanced approach; or •    under exemptions from IRB treatment.
Counterparty                      credit risk	Four approaches to calculating CCR and determining exposure values are defined by the Basel Committee: mark-to-market, original exposure, standardised and internal model method ('IMM'). These exposure values are used to determine capital requirements under one of the credit risk approaches: standardised, FIRB or AIRB.	We use the mark-to-market and IMM approaches for CCR. Details of the IMM permission we have received from the PRA can be found in the Financial Services Register on the PRA website. Our aim is to increase the proportion of positions on IMM over time.
Equity	For the non-trading book, equity exposures can be assessed under standardised or IRB approaches.	For Group reporting purposes, all non-trading book equity exposures are treated under the standardised approach.
Securitisation	Basel specifies two approaches for calculating credit risk requirements for securitisation positions in non-trading books: the standardised approach and the IRB approach, which incorporates the ratings based method ('RBM'), the internal assessment approach ('IAA') and the supervisory formula method ('SFM'). Securitisation positions in the trading book are treated within the market risk framework, using the CRD IV standard rules. On 1 January 2019, the new securitisation framework came into force in the EU for new transactions. This framework prescribes the following approaches: •    internal ratings-based approach ('SEC-IRBA'); •    external ratings-based approach ('SEC-ERBA'); •    internal assessment approach ('IAA'); and •    standardised approach ('SEC-SA'). From 1 January 2020, all transactions will be subject to the new framework.	For the majority of the non-trading book securitisation positions, we use the IRB approach, and within this principally the RBM, with lesser amounts on the IAA and the SFM. We also use the standardised approach for an immaterial amount of non-trading book positions. We follow the CRD IV standard rules for the securitisation positions in the trading book. Our exposures subject to the new framework in 2019 include exposures under SEC-ERBA, IAA and SEC-SA.

 

Market risk	Market risk capital requirements can be determined under either the standard rules or the internal models approach ('IMA'). The latter involves the use of internal value at risk ('VaR') models to measure market risks and determine the appropriate capital requirement. In addition to the VaR models, other internal models include stressed VaR ('SVaR'), incremental risk charge ('IRC') and comprehensive risk measure.	The market risk capital requirement is measured using internal market risk models, where approved by the PRA, or under the standard rules. Our internal market risk models comprise VaR, stressed VaR and IRC. Non-proprietary details of the scope of our IMA permission are available in the Financial Services Register on the PRA website. We are in compliance with the requirements set out in articles 104 and 105 of the Capital Requirements Regulation.
Operational risk	The Basel Committee allows firms to calculate their operational risk capital requirement under the basic indicator approach, the standardised approach or the advanced measurement approach.	We currently use the standardised approach in determining our operational risk capital requirement. We have in place an operational risk model that is used for economic capital calculation purposes.

Table 8: Overview of RWAs (OV1)
			At
			30 Jun		31 Mar		30 Jun
			2019		2019		2019
			RWAs		RWAs		Capital1 requirements
		Footnotes	$bn		$bn		$bn
1	Credit risk (excluding counterparty credit risk)		657.3		649.8		52.6
2	-  standardised approach		134.8		130.1		10.8
3	-  foundation IRB approach		31.1		30.8		2.5
4	-  advanced IRB approach		491.4		488.9		39.3
6	Counterparty credit risk		50.5		50.0		4.0
7	-  mark-to-market		26.8		27.0		2.1
10	-  internal model method		17.4		16.3		1.4
11	-  risk exposure amount for contributions to the default fund of a central counterparty		0.5		0.4		-
12	-  credit valuation adjustment		5.8		6.3		0.5
13	Settlement risk		0.1		0.1		-
14	Securitisation exposures in the non-trading book		7.4		8.5		0.6
15	-  IRB ratings based method		2.5		3.7		0.2
16	-  IRB supervisory formula method		-		-		-
17	-  IRB internal assessment approach		1.2		1.4		0.1
18	-  standardised approach		2.0		2.2		0.2
14a	-  exposures subject to the new securitisation framework	1	1.7		1.2		0.1
19	Market risk		34.8		35.1		2.8
20	-  standardised approach		4.3		5.4		0.4
21	-  internal models approach		30.5		29.7		2.4
23	Operational risk		91.1		91.1		7.3
25	-  standardised approach		91.1		91.1		7.3
27	Amounts below the thresholds for deduction (subject to 250% risk weight)		44.8		44.9		3.6
29	Total		886.0		879.5		70.9

1   On 1 January 2019, a new securitisation framework came into force in the EU for new transactions. Existing positions are subject to 'grandfathering' provisions and will transfer to the new framework on 1 January 2020. Our exposures subject to the approaches under the new framework at 30 June 2019 include $353m under SEC-ERBA, $952m under IAA, and $435m under SEC-SA.

Credit risk, including amounts below the thresholds for deduction

RWAs increased by $7.4bn in the second quarter of 2019, including a decrease in foreign currency translation differences of $2.1bn. Excluding foreign currency translation differences, the increase of $9.5bn was primarily driven by lending growth across Asia and Europe in Commercial Banking ('CMB'), Retail Banking and Wealth Management ('RBWM') and Corporate Centre.

Counterparty credit risk

The $0.5bn increase in RWAs was largely due to mark-to-market movements and new trades in Europe, North America and Asia.

Securitisation in non-trading book

The $1.1bn RWA decrease arose primarily from the sale of legacy positions.

Market risk

RWAs decreased by $0.3bn mainly due to increased diversification benefits following regulatory approval to expand the scope of consolidation, partly offset by higher sovereign exposures.

Table 9: RWA flow statements of credit risk exposures under IRB¹ (CR8)
		RWAs		Capital requirements
		$bn		$bn
1	RWAs at 1 Apr 2019	519.7		41.6
2	Asset size	7.6		0.6
3	Asset quality	1.5		0.1
5	Methodology and policy	(4.2	)	(0.3	)
7	Foreign exchange movements	(2.1	)	(0.2	)
9	RWAs at 30 Jun 2019	522.5		41.8

1   Securitisation positions are not included in this table.

RWAs under the IRB approach increased by $2.8bn in the second quarter of the year, including a decrease of $2.1bn due to foreign currency translation differences.

The $4.9bn increase in RWAs excluding foreign currency translation differences was mainly due to:

•    a $7.6bn increase in asset size due to lending growth across Asia and Europe;

•    a $1.5bn increase from changes in asset quality, notably in Asia; and

•    a $4.2bn decrease largely due to management initiatives in Europe and Asia.

Table 10: RWA flow statements of CCR exposures under IMM (CCR7)
		RWAs		Capital requirements
		$bn		$bn
1	RWAs at 1 Apr 2019	21.0		1.7
2	Asset size	0.3		-
5	Methodology and policy	0.2		-
9	RWAs at 30 Jun 2019	21.5		1.7

RWAs under the IMM increased by $0.5bn mainly as a result of a $0.3bn increase in asset size arising from mark to market movements, and a $0.2bn increase under methodology and policy driven by LGD updates.

Table 11: RWA flow statements of market risk exposures under IMA (MR2-B)
		VaR		Stressed VaR		IRC		Other		Total RWAs		Total capital requirements
		$bn		$bn		$bn		$bn		$bn		$bn
1	RWAs at 1 Apr 2019	6.7		10.7		8.9		3.4		29.7		2.4
2	Movement in risk levels	0.5		0.7		1.9		0.1		3.2		0.2
4	Methodology and policy	(0.7	)	(2.0	)	0.3		-		(2.4	)	(0.2	)
8	RWAs at 30 Jun 2019	6.5		9.4		11.1		3.5		30.5		2.4

RWAs under the IMA increased by $0.8bn mainly as a result of a $1.9bn increase in incremental risk charge due to sovereign exposures, and growth in VaR and stressed VaR risk level RWAs of $1.2bn largely due to higher exposure at risk across multiple

portfolios. This was partly offset by a $2.4bn decrease in methodology and policy, primarily due to increased diversification benefits following regulatory approval to expand the scope of consolidation.

Credit risk

Credit risk is the risk of financial loss if a customer or counterparty fails to meet an obligation under a contract. It arises principally from direct lending, trade finance and leasing business, but also from other products, such as guarantees and credit derivatives and from holding assets in the form of debt securities. Credit risk represents our largest regulatory capital requirement.

There have been no material changes to our policies and practices, which are described in the Pillar 3 Disclosures at 31 December 2018.

Table 12: Credit risk summary by approach
	At 30 Jun 2019
	EAD post-CCF and CRM		RWAs^		RWA density
	$bn		$bn		%
IRB advanced approach	1,538.1		476.4		31
-  central governments and central banks	352.9		38.6		11
-  institutions	85.3		15.5		18
-  corporates	666.2		347.3		52
-  total retail	433.7		75.0		17
-  of which:
Secured by mortgages on immovable property SME	3.3		1.7		50
Secured by mortgages on immovable property non-SME	301.3		39.7		13
Qualifying revolving retail	75.5		17.3		23
Other SME	6.3		4.8		76
Other non-SME	47.3		11.5		24
IRB securitisation positions	23.9		3.7		15
IRB non-credit obligation assets	61.7		15.0		24
IRB foundation approach	51.4		31.1		61
-  central governments and central banks	0.1		-		21
-  institutions	0.6		0.2		28
-  corporates	50.7		30.9		61
Standardised approach	382.3		183.3		48
-  central governments and central banks	171.0		11.4		7
-  regional governments or local authorities	7.7		1.3		17
-  public sector entities	12.7		-		-
-  multilateral development banks	0.1		-		2
-  international organisations	1.5		-		-
-  institutions	1.4		0.8		52
-  corporates	86.7		81.6		94
-  retail	20.1		14.9		74
-  secured by mortgages on immovable property	30.2		11.1		37
-  exposures in default	3.1		3.6		116
-  items associated with particularly high risk	5.2		7.7		150
-  securitisation positions	8.8		3.7		42
-  collective investment undertakings	0.4		0.4		100
-  equity	16.6		36.7		221
-  other items	16.8		10.1		60
Total	2,057.4		709.5		34

^    Figures have been prepared on an IFRS 9 transitional basis.

Credit quality of assets

We are a universal bank with a conservative approach to credit risk. This is reflected in our credit risk profile being diversified across a number of asset classes and geographies with a credit quality profile concentrated in the higher quality bands.

Table 13: Credit quality of exposures by exposure class and instrument¹ (CR1-A)
		Gross carrying values of				Specific credit risk adjustments		Write-offs in the year2		Credit risk adjustment charges of the period2		Net carrying values
		Defaulted exposures		Non-defaulted exposures
		$bn		$bn		$bn		$bn		$bn		$bn
1	Central governments and central banks	-		355.4		-		-		-		355.4
2	Institutions	-		93.2		-		-		-		93.2
3	Corporates	6.9		1,038.9		4.0		0.3		0.4		1,041.8
4	-  of which: specialised lending	1.1		50.6		0.4		-		-		51.3
6	Retail	3.3		501.4		1.9		0.5		0.6		502.8
7	-  secured by real estate property	2.4		301.6		0.3		-		-		303.7
	-  of which:
8	SMEs	0.1		3.5		0.1		-		-		3.5
9	Non-SMEs	2.3		298.1		0.2		-		-		300.2
10	-  qualifying revolving retail	0.2		134.5		0.8		0.3		0.2		133.9
11	-  other retail	0.7		65.3		0.8		0.2		0.4		65.2
	-  of which:
12	SMEs	0.4		7.8		0.4		0.1		0.2		7.8
13	Non-SMEs	0.3		57.5		0.4		0.1		0.2		57.4
15	Total IRB approach	10.2		1,988.9		5.9		0.8		1.0		1,993.2
16	Central governments and central banks	-		163.1		-		-		-		163.1
17	Regional governments or local authorities	-		7.8		-		-		-		7.8
18	Public sector entities	-		12.9		-		-		-		12.9
19	Multilateral development banks	-		0.1		-		-		-		0.1
20	International organisations	-		1.5		-		-		-		1.5
21	Institutions	-		2.2		-		-		-		2.2
22	Corporates	3.4		193.5		2.2		0.3		-		194.7
24	Retail	1.0		68.5		1.5		0.3		0.4		68.0
25	-  of which: SMEs	-		1.3		0.1		-		-		1.2
26	Secured by mortgages on immovable property	0.7		31.4		0.2		-		-		31.9
28	Exposures in default	5.1		-		2.2		0.6		0.5		2.9
29	Items associated with particularly high risk	0.1		5.3		-		-		-		5.4
32	Collective investment undertakings ('CIU')	-		0.4		-		-		-		0.4
33	Equity exposures	-		16.5		-		-		-		16.5
34	Other exposures	-		16.8		-		-		-		16.8
35	Total standardised approach	5.2		520.0		3.9		0.6		0.4		521.3
36	Total at 30 Jun 2019	15.4		2,508.9		9.8		1.4		1.4		2,514.5
	-  of which: loans	14.0		1,289.8		9.3		1.4		1.5		1,294.5
	-  of which: debt securities	-		363.2		-		-		-		363.2
	-  of which: off-balance sheet exposures	1.4		813.9		0.5		-		(0.1	)	814.8

Table 13: Credit quality of exposures by exposure class and instrument¹ (CR1-A) (continued)
		Gross carrying values of				Specific credit risk adjustments		Write-offs in the year2		Credit risk adjustment charges of the period2		Net carrying values
		Defaulted exposures		Non-defaulted exposures
		$bn		$bn		$bn		$bn		$bn		$bn
1	Central governments and central banks	-		315.5		-		-		(0.1	)	315.5
2	Institutions	-		92.8		-		-		-		92.8
3	Corporates	7.6		1,022.0		4.3		0.2		0.1		1,025.3
4	-  of which: specialised lending	0.9		49.0		0.5		-		0.3		49.4
6	Retail	3.5		470.0		1.7		0.4		0.4		471.8
7	-  secured by real estate property	2.5		278.4		0.3		-		-		280.6
	-  of which:
8	SMEs	0.1		3.5		-		-		-		3.6
9	Non-SMEs	2.4		274.9		0.3		-		-		277.0
10	-  qualifying revolving retail	0.1		129.0		0.7		0.2		0.2		128.4
11	-  other retail	0.9		62.6		0.7		0.2		0.2		62.8
	-  of which:
12	SMEs	0.5		8.3		0.4		0.1		0.1		8.4
13	Non-SMEs	0.4		54.3		0.3		0.1		0.1		54.4
15	Total IRB approach	11.1		1,900.3		6.0		0.6		0.4		1,905.4
16	Central governments and central banks	-		186.2		-		-		-		186.2
17	Regional governments or local authorities	-		7.3		-		-		-		7.3
18	Public sector entities	-		11.8		-		-		-		11.8
19	Multilateral development banks	-		0.2		-		-		-		0.2
20	International organisations	-		2.0		-		-		-		2.0
21	Institutions	-		3.6		-		-		-		3.6
22	Corporates	3.2		177.7		2.0		0.1		0.1		178.9
24	Retail	1.0		67.5		1.6		0.4		0.3		66.9
25	-  of which: SMEs	-		1.7		-		-		-		1.7
26	Secured by mortgages on immovable property	0.8		31.9		0.3		-		(0.1	)	32.4
27	-  of which: SMEs	-		0.1		-		-		-		0.1
28	Exposures in default	5.0		-		2.1		0.5		0.3		2.9
29	Items associated with particularly high risk	0.1		4.3		-		-		-		4.4
32	Collective investment undertakings ('CIU')	-		0.7		-		-		-		0.7
33	Equity exposures	-		15.7		-		-		-		15.7
34	Other exposures	-		13.8		-		-		-		13.8
35	Total standardised approach	5.1		522.7		3.9		0.5		0.3		523.9
36	Total at 30 Jun 2018	16.2		2,423.0		9.9		1.1		0.7		2,429.3
	-  of which: loans	14.7		1,266.4		9.4		1.1		0.9		1,271.7
	-  of which: debt securities	-		327.4		-		-		-		327.4
	-  of which: off-balance sheet exposures	1.5		791.3		0.5		-		(0.2	)	792.3

1   Securitisation positions and non-credit obligation assets are not included in this table.

2   Presented on a year-to-date basis.

Table 14: Credit quality of exposures by industry or counterparty types¹ (CR1-B)
			Gross carrying values of				Specific credit risk adjustments		Write-offs in the year2		Credit risk adjustment charges of the period2		Net carrying values
			Defaulted exposures		Non-defaulted exposures
		Footnotes	$bn		$bn		$bn		$bn		$bn		$bn
1	Agriculture		0.3		9.0		0.2		-		-		9.1
2	Mining and oil extraction		0.3		43.3		0.3		-		-		43.3
3	Manufacturing		1.7		266.5		1.2		0.3		0.2		267.0
4	Utilities		0.2		32.8		0.1		0.1		-		32.9
5	Water supply		-		2.4		-		-		-		2.4
6	Construction		1.3		41.9		0.6		0.1		0.1		42.6
7	Wholesale and retail trade		2.0		203.3		1.3		0.1		0.1		204.0
8	Transportation and storage		0.6		55.0		0.2		-		-		55.4
9	Accommodation and food services		0.3		29.4		0.1		-		-		29.6
10	Information and communication		-		9.8		-		-		-		9.8
11	Financial and insurance	3	0.7		578.3		0.2		-		-		578.8
12	Real estate		1.0		247.4		0.6		-		-		247.8
13	Professional activities		0.1		18.5		0.1		-		-		18.5
14	Administrative service		1.5		91.7		1.2		0.1		0.2		92.0
15	Public administration and defence		0.3		239.1		0.3		-		-		239.1
16	Education		-		3.6		-		-		-		3.6
17	Human health and social work		0.1		7.5		0.1		-		-		7.5
18	Arts and entertainment		0.1		6.9		0.1		-		0.1		6.9
19	Other services		0.3		16.6		0.1		-		-		16.8
20	Personal		4.6		594.4		3.1		0.7		0.7		595.9
21	Extraterritorial bodies		-		11.5		-		-		-		11.5
22	Total at 30 Jun 2019		15.4		2,508.9		9.8		1.4		1.4		2,514.5
1	Agriculture		0.3		8.0		0.1		-		-		8.2
2	Mining and oil extraction		0.9		39.7		0.4		0.1		(0.1	)	40.2
3	Manufacturing		2.1		259.3		1.4		-		0.1		260.0
4	Utilities		0.3		34.0		0.1		-		-		34.2
5	Water supply		-		2.8		-		-		-		2.8
6	Construction		1.4		41.2		0.6		-		0.1		42.0
7	Wholesale and retail trade		2.3		206.1		1.3		0.1		0.1		207.1
8	Transportation and storage		0.3		52.6		0.2		-		0.1		52.7
9	Accommodation and food services		0.3		28.3		0.2		-		-		28.4
10	Information and communication		-		9.3		-		-		-		9.3
11	Financial and insurance	3	0.4		591.9		0.3		0.1		-		592.0
12	Real estate		1.1		234.1		0.7		-		0.1		234.5
13	Professional activities		0.2		22.5		0.1		-		-		22.6
14	Administrative service		1.0		93.5		1.0		-		0.2		93.5
15	Public administration and defence		0.4		173.7		0.2		-		(0.1	)	173.9
16	Education		-		4.3		-		-		-		4.3
17	Human health and social work		0.1		7.2		0.1		-		-		7.2
18	Arts and entertainment		-		5.3		-		0.1		-		5.3
19	Other services		0.3		14.9		0.1		-		0.1		15.1
20	Personal		4.8		556.2		3.1		0.7		0.1		557.9
21	Extraterritorial bodies		-		38.1		-		-		-		38.1
22	Total at 30 Jun 2018		16.2		2,423.0		9.9		1.1		0.7		2,429.3

1   Securitisation positions and non-credit obligation assets are not included in this table.

2   Presented on a year-to-date basis.

3   We have restated the comparative period to include within the Financial and Insurance sector $22.2bn exposure in the form of non-customer assets that are neither securitisation nor non-credit obligation assets.  These non-customer assets were previously excluded from this table.

Table 15: Credit quality of exposures by geography1, 2 (CR1-C)
		Gross carrying values of				Specific credit risk adjustments		Write-offs in the year3		Credit risk adjustment charges of the period3		Net carrying values
		Defaulted exposures		Non-defaulted exposures
		$bn		$bn		$bn		$bn		$bn		$bn
1	Europe	6.8		800.5		3.7		0.6		0.6		803.6
2	- UK	4.1		495.8		2.5		0.4		0.6		497.4
3	- France	1.3		134.5		0.6		-		0.1		135.2
4	- Other countries	1.4		170.2		0.6		0.2		(0.1	)	171.0
5	Asia	2.5		1,049.9		2.0		0.3		0.3		1,050.4
6	- Hong Kong	0.7		523.1		0.7		0.1		0.1		523.1
7	- China	0.3		163.6		0.4		-		0.1		163.5
8	- Singapore	0.1		75.1		0.1		-		-		75.1
9	- Other countries	1.4		288.1		0.8		0.2		0.1		288.7
10	Middle East and North Africa ('MENA')	3.3		142.2		2.4		0.2		0.1		143.1
11	North America	1.9		436.7		0.7		0.1		0.1		437.9
12	- US	1.2		306.9		0.3		0.1		0.1		307.8
13	- Canada	0.3		114.4		0.2		-		-		114.5
14	- Other countries	0.4		15.4		0.2		-		-		15.6
15	Latin America	0.9		64.3		1.0		0.2		0.3		64.2
16	Other geographical areas	-		15.3		-		-		-		15.3
17	Total at 30 Jun 2019	15.4		2,508.9		9.8		1.4		1.4		2,514.5
1	Europe	7.4		811.2		3.9		0.4		0.3		814.7
2	- UK	4.4		498.6		2.4		0.4		0.2		500.6
3	- France	1.1		102.9		0.7		-		-		103.3
4	- Other countries	1.9		209.7		0.8		-		0.1		210.8
5	Asia	2.6		989.2		2.0		0.2		0.3		989.8
6	- Hong Kong	1.0		490.9		0.8		0.1		-		491.1
7	- China	0.3		155.6		0.3		-		0.1		155.6
8	- Singapore	0.2		68.2		0.1		-		-		68.3
9	- Other countries	1.1		274.5		0.8		0.1		0.2		274.8
10	MENA	3.0		134.8		2.3		0.1		0.1		135.5
11	North America	2.4		409.0		0.8		0.1		-		410.6
12	- US	1.5		289.8		0.3		0.1		-		291.0
13	- Canada	0.3		101.7		0.2		-		-		101.8
14	- Other countries	0.6		17.5		0.3		-		-		17.8
15	Latin America	0.8		62.5		0.9		0.3		-		62.4
16	Other geographical areas	-		16.3		-		-		-		16.3
17	Total at 30 Jun 2018	16.2		2,423.0		9.9		1.1		0.7		2,429.3

1   Amounts shown by geographical region and country/territory in this table are based on the country/territory of residence of the counterparty.

2   Securitisation positions and non-credit obligation assets are not included in this table.

3   Presented on a year-to-date basis.

Table 16: Ageing of past-due unimpaired and impaired exposures (CR1-D)
		Gross carrying values
		Less than 30 days		Between 30 and  60 days		Between 60 and  90 days		Between 90 and  180 days		Between 180 days and  1 year		Greater than 1 year
		$bn		$bn		$bn		$bn		$bn		$bn
1	Loans	9.0		1.4		0.7		2.0		1.0		3.5
2	Debt securities	-		-		-		-		-		-
3	Total exposures at 30 Jun 2019	9.0		1.4		0.7		2.0		1.0		3.5
1	Loans	8.8		1.7		0.8		2.1		0.7		3.8
2	Debt securities	-		-		-		-		-		-
3	Total exposures at 30 Jun 2018	8.8		1.7		0.8		2.1		0.7		3.8

Table 17: Non-performing and forborne exposures (CR1-E)
		Gross carrying values of performing and non-performing exposures															Accumulated impairment and provisions and negative fair value adjustments due to credit risk										Collateral and financial guarantees received
				of which: performing but past due between 30 and 90 days		of which: performing forborne		of which: non-performing									On performing exposures					On non- performing exposures					On non-performing exposures		of which: forborne
										of which: defaulted		of which: impaired		of which: forborne					of which: forborne					of which: forborne
		$bn		$bn		$bn		$bn		$bn		$bn		$bn			$bn		$bn			$bn		$bn			$bn		$bn
	At 30 Jun 2019
1	Debt securities	363.2		-		-		-		-		-		-			-		-			-		-			-		-
2	Loans	1,303.8		1.7		1.6		14.0		14.0		14.0		5.9			(3.8	)	(0.1	)		(5.5	)	(1.8	)		4.4		3.3
3	Off-balance sheet exposures	815.3		-		-		1.4		1.4		1.4		-			(0.4	)	-			(0.1	)	-			-		-
	At 30 Jun 2018
1	Debt securities	327.4		-		-		-		-		-		-			-		-			-		-			-		-
2	Loans	1,281.1		1.9¹		1.8		14.7		14.7		14.7		6.9			(3.6	)	-			(5.6	)	(1.9	)		5.0		4.0
3	Off-balance sheet exposures	792.8		-		0.4		1.5		1.5		1.5¹		0.1			(0.4	)	-			(0.1	)	-			0.2		0.1

1 Figures have been restated to align with the current methodology and for comparability.

Defaulted exposures

The accounting definition of impaired and the regulatory definition of default are generally aligned. For specific retail exposures, regulatory default is identified at 180 days past due, while the exposures are identified as impaired at 90 days past due.

In the retail portfolio in the US, a renegotiation would normally trigger identification as 'impaired' for accounting purposes. For regulatory purposes, default is identified mainly based on the 180 days past due criterion.

Table 18: Changes in stock of general and specific credit risk adjustments (CR2-A)
			Half-year to 30 Jun
			2019				2018
			Accumulated specific credit risk adjustments		Accumulated general credit risk adjustments		Accumulated specific credit risk adjustments		Accumulated general credit risk adjustments
		Footnotes	$bn		$bn		$bn		$bn
1	Opening balance at the beginning of the period		9.8		-		10.4		-
2	Increases due to amounts set aside for estimated loan losses during the period	1	1.2		-		0.7		-
3	Decreases due to amounts reversed for estimated loan losses during the period	1	-		-		-		-
4	Decreases due to amounts taken against accumulated credit risk adjustments		(1.4	)	-		(1.1	)	-
6	Impact of exchange rate differences		0.2		-		(0.1	)	-
7	Business combinations, including acquisitions and disposals of subsidiaries				-		-		-
9	Closing balance at the end of the period		9.8		-		9.9		-
10	Recoveries on credit risk adjustments recorded directly to the statement of profit or loss		0.2		-		0.3		-

1   Following adoption of IFRS 9 'Financial Instruments', the movement due to amounts set aside for estimated loan losses during the period has been reported on a net basis.

Table 19: Changes in stock of defaulted loans and debt securities (CR2-B)
			Half-year to 30 Jun
			2019		2018
			Gross carrying value		Gross carrying value
		Footnotes	$bn		$bn
1	Defaulted loans and debt securities at the beginning of the period		13.7		15.1
2	Loans and debt securities that have defaulted since the last reporting period		2.9		3.1
3	Returned to non-defaulted status		(0.6	)	(0.8	)
4	Amounts written off		(1.4	)	(1.2	)
5	Other changes	1	0.2		(0.8	)
7	Repayments		(0.8	)	(0.7	)
6	Defaulted loans and debt securities at the end of the period		14.0		14.7

1   Other changes include foreign exchange movements and changes in assets held for sale in default.

Risk mitigation

Our approach when granting credit facilities is to do so on the basis of capacity to repay, rather than placing primary reliance on credit risk mitigants. Depending on a customer's standing and the type of product, facilities may be provided unsecured. Mitigation of credit risk is a key aspect of effective risk management and takes many forms. Our general policy is to promote the use of credit risk mitigation, justified by commercial prudence and capital efficiency. Detailed policies cover the acceptability, structuring and terms with regard to the availability of credit risk mitigation, such as in the form of collateral security. These policies, together with the setting of suitable valuation parameters, are subject to regular review to ensure that they are supported by empirical evidence and continue to fulfil their intended purpose.

Table 20: Credit risk mitigation techniques - overview (CR3)
		Exposures unsecured: carrying amount		Exposures secured: carrying amount		Exposures secured by collateral		Exposures secured by financial guarantees		Exposures secured by credit derivatives
		$bn		$bn		$bn		$bn		$bn
1	Loans	672.4		622.1		515.9		105.5		0.7
2	Debt securities	324.9		38.3		32.5		5.8		-
3	Total at 30 Jun 2019	997.3		660.4		548.4		111.3		0.7
4	Of which: defaulted	5.5		3.3		2.9		0.4		-
1	Loans	641.2		596.8		494.0		102.1		0.7
2	Debt securities	316.1		32.4		27.2		5.2		-
3	Total at 31 Dec 2018	957.3		629.2		521.2		107.3		0.7
4	Of which: defaulted	6.3		4.6		4.1		0.4		-

Table 21: Standardised approach - credit conversion factor and credit risk mitigation ('CRM') effects (CR4)
		Exposures before CCF and CRM				Exposures post-CCF and CRM				RWAs and RWA density
		On-balance sheet amount		Off-balance sheet amount		On-balance sheet amount		Off-balance sheet amount		RWAs		RWA density
		$bn		$bn		$bn		$bn		$bn		%
	Asset classes1
1	Central governments or central banks	161.4		1.5		169.6		1.4		11.4		7
2	Regional governments or local authorities	7.5		0.3		7.6		0.1		1.3		17
3	Public sector entities	12.8		0.1		12.7		-		-		-
4	Multilateral development banks	0.1		-		0.1		-		-		2
5	International organisations	1.5		-		1.5		-		-		-
6	Institutions	2.2		-		1.4		-		0.8		52
7	Corporates	98.9		94.3		74.5		12.2		81.6		94
8	Retail	20.5		47.1		19.7		0.4		14.9		74
9	Secured by mortgages on immovable property	29.8		1.5		29.8		0.4		11.1		37
10	Exposures in default	3.2		0.1		3.1		-		3.6		116
11	Higher risk categories	2.8		2.6		2.7		2.5		7.7		150
14	Collective investment undertakings	0.4		-		0.4		-		0.4		100
15	Equity	16.6		-		16.6		-		36.7		221
16	Other items	16.0		0.8		16.0		0.8		10.1		60
17	Total at 30 Jun 2019	373.7		148.3		355.7		17.8		179.6		48
1	Central governments or central banks	162.7		1.0		170.8		1.1		12.5		7
2	Regional governments or local authorities	7.0		0.3		7.0		0.1		1.3		19
3	Public sector entities	12.1		0.1		12.0		-		-		-
4	Multilateral development banks	0.2		-		0.2		-		-		2
5	International organisations	1.6		-		1.6		-		-		-
6	Institutions	3.3		0.1		2.3		-		1.2		52
7	Corporates	91.2		88.3		72.0		12.2		79.2		94
8	Retail	20.5		43.5		19.7		0.2		14.8		74
9	Secured by mortgages on immovable property	30.6		1.4		30.6		0.3		11.3		37
10	Exposures in default	3.3		0.2		3.3		-		3.8		117
11	Higher risk categories	2.5		2.3		2.4		2.2		6.9		150
14	Collective investment undertakings	0.6		-		0.6		-		0.6		100
15	Equity	15.7		-		15.7		-		35.0		223
16	Other items	10.5		0.8		10.5		0.8		6.6		58
17	Total at 31 Dec 2018	361.8		138.0		348.7		16.9		173.2		47

1   Securitisation positions are not included in this table.

Table 22: Standardised approach - exposures by asset classes and risk weights (CR5)
	Risk weight ('RW%')	0%		2%		20%		35%		50%		70%		75%		100%		150%		250%		Deducted		Total credit exposure amount (post-CCF and CRM)		Of which: unrated
		$bn		$bn		$bn		$bn		$bn		$bn		$bn		$bn		$bn		$bn		$bn		$bn		$bn
	Asset classes1
1	Central governments or central banks	166.3		-		0.1		-		-		-		-		0.1		-		4.5		-		171.0		4.5
2	Regional governments or local authorities	2.9		-		4.1		-		0.5		-		-		0.2		-		-		-		7.7		0.3
3	Public sector entities	12.7		-		-		-		-		-		-		-		-		-		-		12.7		-
4	Multilateral development banks	0.1		-		-		-		-		-		-		-		-		-		-		0.1		-
5	International organisations	1.5		-		-		-		-		-		-		-		-		-		-		1.5		-
6	Institutions	-		-		0.3		-		0.8		-		-		0.3		-		-		-		1.4		0.7
7	Corporates	-		-		3.7		0.2		3.5		0.5		-		78.0		0.8		-		-		86.7		61.8
8	Retail	-		-		-		-		-		-		20.1		-		-		-		-		20.1		20.1
9	Secured by mortgages on immovable property	-		-		-		29.0		0.5		-		-		0.7		-		-		-		30.2		30.2
10	Exposures in default	-		-		-		-		-		-		-		2.1		1.0		-		-		3.1		3.1
11	Higher risk categories	-		-		-		-		-		-		-		-		5.2		-		-		5.2		5.2
14	Collective investment undertakings	-		-		-		-		-		-		-		0.4		-		-		-		0.4		0.4
15	Equity	-		-		-		-		-		-		-		3.2		-		13.4		-		16.6		16.6
16	Other items	0.1		-		8.3		-		-		-		-		8.4		-		-		-		16.8		16.8
17	Total at 30 Jun 2019	183.6		-		16.5		29.2		5.3		0.5		20.1		93.4		7.0		17.9		-		373.5		159.7
1	Central governments or central banks	166.5		-		0.2		-		0.1		-		-		0.1		-		5.0		-		171.9		5.0
2	Regional governments or local authorities	2.8		-		3.5		-		0.5		-		-		0.3		-		-		-		7.1		0.5
3	Public sector entities	12.0		-		-		-		-		-		-		-		-		-		-		12.0		-
4	Multilateral development banks	0.2		-		-		-		-		-		-		-		-		-		-		0.2		-
5	International organisations	1.6		-		-		-		-		-		-		-		-		-		-		1.6		-
6	Institutions	-		0.1		0.4		-		1.4		-		-		0.4		-		-		-		2.3		0.2
7	Corporates	-		-		3.6		0.3		3.4		0.5		-		75.6		0.8		-		-		84.2		59.1
8	Retail	-		-		-		-		-		-		19.9		-		-		-		-		19.9		19.9
9	Secured by mortgages on immovable property	-		-		-		30.2		-		-		-		0.7		-		-		-		30.9		30.9
10	Exposures in default	-		-		-		-		-		-		-		2.2		1.1		-		-		3.3		3.3
11	Higher risk categories	-		-		-		-		-		-		-		-		4.6		-		-		4.6		4.6
14	Collective investment undertakings	-		-		-		-		-		-		-		0.6		-		-		-		0.6		0.6
15	Equity	-		-		-		-		-		-		-		2.8		-		12.9		-		15.7		15.7
16	Other items	-		-		5.9		-		-		-		-		5.4		-		-		-		11.3		11.3
17	Total at 31 Dec 2018	183.1		0.1		13.6		30.5		5.4		0.5		19.9		88.1		6.5		17.9		-		365.6		151.1

1   Securitisation positions are not included in this table.

Table 23: IRB - Credit risk exposures by portfolio and PD range¹ (CR6)
	Original on-balance sheet gross exposure		Off-balance sheet exposures pre-CCF		Average CCF		EAD post-CRM and post-CCF		Average PD		Number of obligors		Average LGD		Average maturity		RWAs		RWA density		Expected loss		Value adjustments and provisions^
PD scale	$bn		$bn		%		$bn		%				%		years		$bn		%		$bn		$bn
AIRB - Central government and central banks
0.00 to <0.15	337.9		2.0		43.7		338.7		0.02		271		42.1		2.20		28.3		8		-
0.15 to <0.25	2.2		0.2		3.4		2.2		0.22		9		45.0		1.90		0.9		43		-
0.25 to <0.50	1.9		-		19.9		1.9		0.37		12		45.0		1.20		0.9		49		-
0.50 to <0.75	2.9		0.2		49.9		3.2		0.63		15		45.0		1.10		2.0		64		-
0.75 to <2.50	7.0		0.2		30.6		6.8		1.72		22		44.6		1.20		6.5		96		0.1
2.50 to <10.00	0.5		0.2		0.2		0.1		7.62		8		7.2		3.80		-		30		-
10.00 to <100.00	-		0.2		-		-		-		1		-		-		-		-		-
Sub-total	352.4		3.0		40.8		352.9		0.06		338		42.2		2.10		38.6		11		0.1		-
AIRB - Institutions
0.00 to <0.15	73.9		8.9		38.0		77.1		0.05		2,550		39.6		1.40		10.9		14		-
0.15 to <0.25	3.1		1.2		18.9		3.3		0.22		322		40.7		1.10		1.3		38		-
0.25 to <0.50	2.0		0.2		52.2		2.1		0.37		162		41.5		1.30		1.1		51		-
0.50 to <0.75	1.1		0.5		52.9		1.3		0.63		140		45.5		1.40		1.0		80		-
0.75 to <2.50	1.2		0.6		53.0		1.5		1.07		201		40.8		1.50		1.2		84		-
2.50 to <10.00	-		-		31.5		-		4.43		26		45.9		1.00		-		109		-
10.00 to <100.00	-		-		21.0		-		13.03		13		54.6		2.50		-		272		-
100.00 (Default)	-		-		-		-		100.00		1		33.3		1.00		-		500		-
Sub-total	81.3		11.4		37.7		85.3		0.09		3,415		39.8		1.40		15.5		18		-		-
AIRB - Corporate - specialised lending (excluding slotting)2
0.00 to <0.15	2.2		1.1		38.9		2.4		0.10		38		29.5		3.40		0.6		26		-
0.15 to <0.25	1.8		0.5		30.9		2.0		0.22		45		28.3		3.50		0.7		36		-
0.25 to <0.50	0.7		0.4		34.8		0.8		0.37		21		28.0		4.00		0.4		50		-
0.50 to <0.75	1.2		0.2		39.5		1.1		0.63		25		27.1		3.60		0.6		56		-
0.75 to <2.50	1.3		0.4		47.6		1.5		1.44		38		34.6		3.50		1.4		95		-
2.50 to <10.00	0.5		-		77.1		0.4		5.74		10		26.5		3.00		0.4		96		-
10.00 to <100.00	0.1		0.1		51.6		0.1		19.00		3		13.9		2.00		0.1		72		-
100.00 (Default)	0.2		0.2		76.4		0.3		100.00		11		24.5		4.60		0.6		199		0.1
Sub-total	8.0		2.9		41.0		8.6		4.26		191		29.1		3.50		4.8		56		0.1		0.1
AIRB - Corporate - Other
0.00 to <0.15	112.4		161.5		37.1		215.1		0.08		10,429		41.2		2.10		47.5		22		0.1
0.15 to <0.25	49.5		62.9		36.9		81.6		0.22		9,996		40.4		2.00		32.6		40		0.1
0.25 to <0.50	59.7		55.3		33.8		81.4		0.37		10,685		35.7		2.00		37.0		45		0.1
0.50 to <0.75	51.4		41.7		32.2		64.6		0.63		10,478		36.7		2.00		38.7		60		0.2
0.75 to <2.50	147.2		101.5		31.6		137.2		1.37		42,540		37.5		2.00		110.7		81		0.7
2.50 to <10.00	34.2		22.6		33.9		31.4		4.26		11,367		37.9		1.90		35.4		113		0.5
10.00 to <100.00	5.1		3.5		38.8		4.9		17.00		1,922		36.7		2.10		8.6		174		0.3
100.00 (Default)	4.0		0.6		34.9		4.2		100.00		2,249		47.1		1.80		8.8		210		1.8
Sub-total	463.5		449.6		35.1		620.4		1.50		99,666		38.9		2.00		319.3		52		3.8		3.1
Wholesale AIRB - Total at 30 Jun 20193	966.9		466.9		35.2		1,128.9		0.94		103,610		40.0		2.00		393.2		35		4.0		3.2

Table 23: IRB - Credit risk exposures by portfolio and PD range¹ (CR6) (continued)
	Original on-balance sheet gross exposure		Off-balance sheet exposures pre-CCF		Average CCF		EAD post-CRM and post-CCF		Average PD		Number of obligors		Average LGD		Average maturity		RWAs		RWA density		Expected loss		Value adjustments and provisions^
PD scale	$bn		$bn		%		$bn		%				%		years		$bn		%		$bn		$bn
AIRB - Secured by mortgages on immovable property SME
0.00 to <0.15	0.3		-		22.2		0.3		0.06		1,363		11.9		-		-		3		-
0.15 to <0.25	0.1		-		36.9		0.2		0.21		2,295		33.5		-		-		13		-
0.25 to <0.50	0.5		0.1		40.9		0.5		0.35		6,497		26.7		-		0.1		14		-
0.50 to <0.75	0.3		0.1		38.1		0.4		0.61		5,480		32.7		-		0.1		28		-
0.75 to <2.50	1.0		0.1		36.1		0.9		1.45		13,248		33.9		-		0.5		48		-
2.50 to <10.00	0.8		0.1		39.1		0.8		4.56		7,288		31.2		-		0.7		82		-
10.00 to <100.00	0.1		-		35.9		0.1		16.71		1,163		30.6		-		0.1		130		-
100.00 (Default)	0.1		-		74.3		0.1		100.00		1,260		33.8		-		0.2		216		0.1
Sub-total	3.2		0.4		38.0		3.3		5.28		38,594		29.7		-		1.7		50		0.1		0.1
AIRB - Secured by mortgages on immovable property non-SME
0.00 to <0.15	181.2		11.7		89.5		195.5		0.07		1,091,984		15.5		-		13.9		7		-
0.15 to <0.25	30.0		1.2		83.9		31.3		0.20		132,797		15.1		-		4.0		13		-
0.25 to <0.50	26.7		2.9		40.8		28.0		0.36		123,890		17.2		-		5.2		19		-
0.50 to <0.75	11.1		0.3		90.7		11.4		0.59		49,971		11.2		-		2.0		17		-
0.75 to <2.50	24.1		1.3		81.1		25.2		1.26		103,230		18.1		-		7.7		31		0.1
2.50 to <10.00	5.5		0.2		97.7		5.7		4.48		26,372		11.4		-		2.2		38		-
10.00 to <100.00	1.8		0.1		98.6		1.9		24.64		17,114		21.2		-		2.7		139		0.1
100.00 (Default)	2.3		-		81.3		2.3		100.00		18,451		23.8		-		2.0		89		0.6
Sub-total	282.7		17.7		80.7		301.3		1.23		1,563,809		15.7		-		39.7		13		0.8		0.2
AIRB - Qualifying revolving retail exposures
0.00 to <0.15	5.1		72.8		48.9		40.6		0.07		13,771,680		91.6		-		1.8		4		-
0.15 to <0.25	1.3		13.1		46.8		7.3		0.21		2,359,687		93.8		-		0.8		11		-
0.25 to <0.50	2.1		12.7		42.9		7.5		0.36		2,001,516		92.5		-		1.3		17		-
0.50 to <0.75	2.6		5.3		48.2		5.1		0.62		1,077,189		91.7		-		1.3		26		-
0.75 to <2.50	5.6		7.5		49.5		9.4		1.44		2,015,365		90.6		-		4.6		49		0.1
2.50 to <10.00	3.3		1.9		63.7		4.4		4.82		919,606		89.1		-		5.0		112		0.2
10.00 to <100.00	0.9		0.4		63.1		1.1		29.82		297,798		89.6		-		2.3		215		0.3
100.00 (Default)	0.1		-		26.4		0.1		100.00		93,196		78.9		-		0.2		174		0.1
Sub-total	21.0		113.7		48.3		75.5		1.20		22,536,037		91.6		-		17.3		23		0.7		0.8
AIRB - Other SME
0.00 to <0.15	0.1		0.4		31.8		0.2		0.09		98,699		73.9		-		-		14		-
0.15 to <0.25	-		0.2		37.2		0.1		0.23		76,469		82.5		-		-		30		-
0.25 to <0.50	0.1		0.4		48.9		0.4		0.38		135,369		75.7		-		0.1		40		-
0.50 to <0.75	0.2		0.5		65.1		0.5		0.63		127,764		65.1		-		0.2		44		-
0.75 to <2.50	1.2		1.1		57.3		1.8		1.61		339,473		65.7		-		1.2		66		-
2.50 to <10.00	1.9		1.1		59.1		2.5		4.85		193,306		60.6		-		2.1		81		0.1
10.00 to <100.00	0.4		0.2		46.5		0.5		19.90		81,133		73.8		-		0.7		135		0.1
100.00 (Default)	0.3		0.1		80.7		0.3		100.00		16,603		40.4		-		0.5		141		0.2
Sub-total	4.2		4.0		54.1		6.3		9.42		1,068,816		64.1		-		4.8		76		0.4		0.4
AIRB - Other non-SME
0.00 to <0.15	9.0		6.7		30.5		11.5		0.07		596,991		17.1		-		0.6		5		-
0.15 to <0.25	6.8		3.6		39.7		8.6		0.21		513,892		27.5		-		1.1		13		-
0.25 to <0.50	7.2		2.6		28.9		8.2		0.36		409,238		30.1		-		1.6		20		-
0.50 to <0.75	5.2		1.5		25.4		5.6		0.61		203,166		27.3		-		1.3		23		-
0.75 to <2.50	8.2		1.2		11.9		8.6		1.36		433,694		37.0		-		3.9		46		0.1
2.50 to <10.00	3.5		1.2		21.8		3.8		4.41		251,053		34.9		-		2.1		54		0.1
10.00 to <100.00	0.7		0.1		16.6		0.7		23.05		92,678		45.9		-		0.6		93		0.1
100.00 (Default)	0.3		-		70.4		0.3		100.00		34,056		43.9		-		0.3		98		0.1
Sub-total	40.9		16.9		29.8		47.3		1.75		2,534,768		28.1		-		11.5		24		0.4		0.4
Retail AIRB - Total at 30 Jun 2019	352.0		152.7		50.2		433.7		1.43		27,742,024		31.1		-		75.0		17		2.4		1.9

Table 23: IRB - Credit risk exposures by portfolio and PD range¹ (CR6) (continued)
	Original on-balance sheet gross exposure		Off-balance sheet exposures pre-CCF		Average CCF		EAD post-CRM and post-CCF		Average PD		Number of obligors		Average LGD		Average maturity		RWAs		RWA density		Expected loss		Value adjustments and provisions^
PD scale	$bn		$bn		%		$bn		%				%		years		$bn		%		$bn		$bn
FIRB - Central government and central banks
0.00 to <0.15	-		-		75.0		0.1		0.03		1		45.0		3.80		-		22		-
Sub-total	-		-		75.0		0.1		0.03		1		45.0		3.80		-		22		-		-
FIRB - Institutions
0.00 to <0.15	0.5		-		23.7		0.5		0.10		2		45.0		2.00		0.2		25		-
0.15 to <0.25	-		-		47.0		0.1		0.22		1		45.0		2.90		-		53		-
0.25 to <0.50	-		-		6.9		-		0.37		1		45.0		0.20		-		37		-
Sub-total	0.5		-		35.0		0.6		0.11		4		45.0		2.10		0.2		28		-		-
FIRB - Corporate - Other
0.00 to <0.15	9.2		13.8		45.3		15.9		0.08		1,203		43.9		2.30		4.0		25		-
0.15 to <0.25	4.3		4.9		38.9		5.9		0.22		1,297		44.6		2.20		2.8		46		-
0.25 to <0.50	3.9		6.1		29.4		5.4		0.37		1,645		43.0		1.90		3.0		56		-
0.50 to <0.75	4.8		5.9		36.0		6.8		0.63		1,585		39.8		1.70		4.3		64		-
0.75 to <2.50	9.9		10.3		22.9		11.7		1.37		4,424		44.0		1.70		10.9		94		0.1
2.50 to <10.00	3.2		2.6		23.5		3.4		4.34		1,115		42.8		1.70		4.6		133		0.1
10.00 to <100.00	0.5		0.3		32.0		0.6		15.74		185		44.8		1.60		1.3		202		-
100.00 (Default)	1.0		0.2		21.7		1.0		100.00		327		37.9		1.90		-		-		0.4
Sub-total	36.8		44.1		34.5		50.7		2.98		11,781		43.2		2.00		30.9		61		0.6		0.5
FIRB - Total at 30 Jun 2019	37.3		44.1		34.5		51.4		2.94		11,786		43.2		2.00		31.1		61		0.6		0.5

^    Figures have been prepared on an IFRS 9 transitional basis.

1   Securitisation positions are not included in this table.

2   Slotting exposures are disclosed in Table 25: Specialised lending on slotting approach (CR10). The number of obligors for the comparative period have been restated to exclude slotting.

3   The 'Wholesale AIRB - Total' includes non-credit obligation assets ('NCOA') amounting to $61.7bn of original exposure and EAD, and $15.0bn of RWAs. 

Table 23: IRB - Credit risk exposures by portfolio and PD range¹ (CR6) (continued)
	Original on-balance sheet gross exposure		Off-balance sheet exposures pre-CCF		Average CCF		EAD post-CRM and post-CCF		Average PD		Number of obligors		Average LGD		Average maturity		RWAs		RWA density		Expected loss		Value adjustments and provisions^
PD scale	$bn		$bn		%		$bn		%				%		years		$bn		%		$bn		$bn
AIRB - Central government and central banks
0.00 to <0.15	313.5		2.7		52.6		315.6		0.02		258		42.4		2.10		26.0		8		-
0.15 to <0.25	2.5		-		18.2		2.5		0.22		10		45.0		1.80		1.1		42		-
0.25 to <0.50	2.1		-		98.9		2.3		0.37		14		45.1		1.30		1.1		50		-
0.50 to <0.75	3.3		0.2		78.3		3.4		0.63		16		45.0		1.10		2.2		64		-
0.75 to <2.50	6.8		0.2		70.8		6.6		1.72		22		45.0		1.20		6.4		97		0.1
2.50 to <10.00	0.4		0.1		41.0		-		7.49		9		45.1		4.60		0.1		210		-
Sub-total	328.6		3.2		55.0		330.4		0.06		329		42.5		2.10		36.9		11		0.1		0.1
AIRB - Institutions
0.00 to <0.15	60.7		9.7		39.3		65.0		0.05		2,574		39.5		1.40		9.3		14		-
0.15 to <0.25	3.1		0.7		22.0		3.3		0.22		323		44.7		0.90		1.2		37		-
0.25 to <0.50	2.6		0.3		59.1		2.2		0.37		182		41.5		1.20		1.1		52		-
0.50 to <0.75	1.4		0.2		45.8		1.4		0.63		140		41.5		1.30		1.1		74		-
0.75 to <2.50	1.2		0.5		50.6		1.5		1.10		242		45.1		1.20		1.4		96		-
2.50 to <10.00	0.1		-		24.7		-		6.19		22		46.4		0.80		-		169		-
10.00 to <100.00	-		0.1		25.6		-		13.00		17		55.0		1.00		0.1		253		-
100.00 (Default)	-		-		-		-		100.00		1		64.8		1.00		-		807		-
Sub-total	69.1		11.5		39.2		73.4		0.11		3,501		39.9		1.40		14.2		19		-		-
AIRB - Corporate - specialised lending (excluding slotting)2
0.00 to <0.15	1.8		1.3		38.0		2.1		0.10		39		30.4		3.40		0.6		27		-
0.15 to <0.25	1.9		0.4		33.4		2.0		0.22		40		28.6		3.40		0.7		37		-
0.25 to <0.50	0.6		0.3		35.8		0.7		0.37		18		28.9		4.40		0.4		55		-
0.50 to <0.75	1.3		0.2		34.4		1.0		0.63		25		24.5		3.50		0.5		51		-
0.75 to <2.50	1.2		0.5		49.7		1.5		1.38		38		32.1		3.80		1.3		91		-
2.50 to <10.00	0.6		0.1		51.1		0.5		5.34		13		27.4		3.20		0.5		101		-
10.00 to <100.00	0.3		0.1		48.1		0.3		24.05		7		23.2		3.40		0.4		130		-
100.00 (Default)	0.1		0.1		87.5		0.2		100.00		10		37.9		4.80		0.5		258		0.1
Sub-total	7.8		3.0		41.3		8.3		3.68		190		29.1		3.60		4.9		59		0.1		0.1
AIRB - Corporate - Other
0.00 to <0.15	109.3		160.4		38.0		212.4		0.08		10,036		41.1		2.20		48.2		23		0.1
0.15 to <0.25	49.8		62.5		37.6		81.1		0.22		10,191		39.1		2.00		31.2		38		0.1
0.25 to <0.50	51.1		54.7		33.9		73.3		0.37		10,304		37.3		2.10		35.4		48		0.1
0.50 to <0.75	56.9		42.1		33.8		69.9		0.63		10,348		34.3		1.90		39.5		57		0.2
0.75 to <2.50	146.2		102.1		32.2		137.6		1.37		42,602		37.6		2.00		111.3		81		0.7
2.50 to <10.00	30.5		23.2		35.7		29.8		4.10		11,510		38.0		2.00		34.3		115		0.5
10.00 to <100.00	5.1		3.3		43.0		4.5		19.20		1,967		38.6		2.00		8.3		185		0.3
100.00 (Default)	4.2		0.9		46.6		4.5		100.00		2,473		46.0		1.90		9.9		221		1.9
Sub-total	453.1		449.2		35.9		613.1		1.55		99,431		38.7		2.10		318.1		52		3.9		3.1
Wholesale AIRB - Total at   31 Dec 20183	915.5		466.9		36.1		1,082.1		0.98		103,451		39.9		2.00		384.9		37		4.1		3.3

Table 23: IRB - Credit risk exposures by portfolio and PD range¹ (CR6) (continued)
	Original on-balance sheet gross exposure		Off-balance sheet exposures pre-CCF		Average CCF		EAD post-CRM and post-CCF		Average PD		Number of obligors		Average LGD		Average maturity		RWAs		RWA density		Expected loss		Value adjustments and provisions^
PD scale	$bn		$bn		%		$bn		%				%		years		$bn		%		$bn		$bn
AIRB - Secured by mortgages on immovable property SME
0.00 to <0.15	0.3		-		31.4		0.3		0.08		1,321		16.2		-		-		4		-
0.15 to <0.25	0.2		-		39.8		0.2		0.21		2,557		29.5		-		-		12		-
0.25 to <0.50	0.4		0.1		35.2		0.4		0.36		6,478		28.8		-		0.1		16		-
0.50 to <0.75	0.3		0.1		44.5		0.3		0.61		5,000		32.2		-		0.1		27		-
0.75 to <2.50	0.9		0.2		33.8		1.0		1.47		13,728		35.2		-		0.5		51		-
2.50 to <10.00	0.8		0.1		40.2		0.9		4.57		7,963		31.2		-		0.7		82		-
10.00 to <100.00	0.1		-		39.8		0.1		17.19		1,312		31.6		-		0.1		138		-
100.00 (Default)	0.1		-		55.7		0.1		100.00		1,266		33.9		-		0.3		227		0.1
Sub-total	3.1		0.5		37.5		3.3		5.78		39,625		30.8		-		1.8		54		0.1		0.1
AIRB - Secured by mortgages on immovable property non-SME
0.00 to <0.15	172.1		11.4		89.8		185.9		0.06		1,066,724		15.4		-		12.4		7		-
0.15 to <0.25	27.7		1.3		81.6		28.9		0.20		122,304		15.7		-		3.6		13		-
0.25 to <0.50	24.5		2.9		43.8		25.8		0.35		117,856		17.4		-		4.6		18		-
0.50 to <0.75	10.5		0.3		92.3		10.9		0.58		51,235		11.2		-		1.8		16		-
0.75 to <2.50	23.8		1.2		79.7		24.9		1.26		105,656		18.1		-		7.5		30		0.1
2.50 to <10.00	5.8		0.2		96.7		6.0		4.51		27,556		11.7		-		2.3		39		-
10.00 to <100.00	2.1		0.1		97.4		2.2		25.15		18,895		21.1		-		3.0		138		0.1
100.00 (Default)	2.3		-		76.1		2.3		100.00		18,777		24.6		-		2.0		89		0.6
Sub-total	268.8		17.4		81.0		286.9		1.31		1,529,003		15.7		-		37.2		13		0.8		0.3
AIRB - Qualifying revolving retail exposures
0.00 to <0.15	5.4		70.8		49.3		40.1		0.07		13,591,739		91.3		-		1.8		4		-
0.15 to <0.25	1.4		12.5		47.9		7.3		0.21		2,415,087		93.5		-		0.8		11		-
0.25 to <0.50	2.2		12.1		43.1		7.4		0.36		1,989,811		92.3		-		1.3		18		-
0.50 to <0.75	2.2		5.0		48.8		4.6		0.61		987,590		92.1		-		1.2		26		-
0.75 to <2.50	5.9		9.0		46.5		10.1		1.42		2,052,818		90.0		-		4.8		48		0.1
2.50 to <10.00	3.2		1.8		62.0		4.3		4.74		890,646		89.0		-		4.8		112		0.2
10.00 to <100.00	0.9		0.3		66.5		1.1		28.46		294,570		89.4		-		2.4		216		0.3
100.00 (Default)	0.1		-		22.8		0.1		100.00		72,485		79.6		-		0.2		160		0.1
Sub-total	21.3		111.5		48.5		75.0		1.17		22,294,746		91.3		-		17.3		23		0.7		0.7
AIRB - Other SME
0.00 to <0.15	0.1		0.3		35.0		0.2		0.09		98,383		75.0		-		-		14		-
0.15 to <0.25	-		0.2		38.3		0.1		0.22		72,510		80.8		-		-		29		-
0.25 to <0.50	0.1		0.4		48.7		0.3		0.38		124,508		74.4		-		0.1		39		-
0.50 to <0.75	0.2		0.5		63.4		0.5		0.63		155,864		68.4		-		0.2		46		-
0.75 to <2.50	1.1		1.2		58.7		1.8		1.60		358,362		66.9		-		1.3		67		-
2.50 to <10.00	1.8		1.0		69.1		2.6		4.87		181,027		59.5		-		2.1		80		0.1
10.00 to <100.00	0.4		0.2		48.6		0.5		19.39		79,791		73.9		-		0.6		133		0.1
100.00 (Default)	0.3		-		96.8		0.3		100.00		15,015		38.7		-		0.5		160		0.2
Sub-total	4.0		3.8		57.8		6.3		9.05		1,085,460		64.1		-		4.8		76		0.4		0.3
AIRB - Other non-SME
0.00 to <0.15	8.1		6.3		30.7		10.6		0.08		574,137		18.7		-		0.6		5		-
0.15 to <0.25	6.5		3.5		36.4		8.1		0.21		491,674		27.8		-		1.1		13		-
0.25 to <0.50	6.6		2.6		28.4		7.5		0.37		386,099		30.4		-		1.5		20		-
0.50 to <0.75	4.9		1.4		24.9		5.3		0.60		196,811		28.2		-		1.2		24		-
0.75 to <2.50	7.9		0.9		17.1		8.2		1.35		421,600		35.4		-		3.5		43		-
2.50 to <10.00	3.8		1.1		23.0		4.1		4.39		246,174		32.8		-		2.1		51		0.1
10.00 to <100.00	0.6		0.1		15.7		0.7		25.06		92,869		45.5		-		0.6		92		0.1
100.00 (Default)	0.3		0.1		7.7		0.3		100.00		40,274		43.9		-		0.3		103		0.2
Sub-total	38.7		16.0		29.6		44.8		1.91		2,449,638		28.3		-		10.9		24		0.4		0.4
Retail AIRB - Total at 31 Dec 2018	335.9		149.2		50.5		416.3		1.50		27,398,472		31.5		-		72.0		17		2.4		1.8

Table 23: IRB - Credit risk exposures by portfolio and PD range¹ (CR6) (continued)
	Original on-balance sheet gross exposure		Off-balance sheet exposures pre-CCF		Average CCF		EAD post-CRM and post-CCF		Average PD		Number of obligors		Average LGD		Average maturity		RWAs		RWA density		Expected loss		Value adjustments and provisions^
PD scale	$bn		$bn		%		$bn		%				%		years		$bn		%		$bn		$bn
FIRB - Central government and central banks
0.00 to <0.15	-		-		-		0.1		0.03		1		45.0		4.60		-		25		-
Sub-total	-		-		-		0.1		0.03		1		45.0		4.60		-		25		-		-
FIRB - Institutions
0.00 to <0.15	0.5		-		23.5		0.6		0.10		2		45.0		2.70		0.2		33		-
0.15 to <0.25	-		-		63.3		0.1		0.22		1		45.0		3.60		-		60		-
0.25 to <0.50	-		-		1.1		-		0.37		1		45.0		0.10		-		36		-
Sub-total	0.5		-		40.6		0.7		0.12		4		45.0		2.80		0.2		35		-		-
FIRB - Corporate - Other
0.00 to <0.15	9.9		13.5		46.4		16.3		0.08		1,186		44.5		2.20		4.0		24		-
0.15 to <0.25	3.5		5.9		33.5		5.4		0.22		1,269		44.4		2.30		2.5		47		-
0.25 to <0.50	4.0		4.8		33.1		5.4		0.37		1,594		44.1		1.70		3.0		55		-
0.50 to <0.75	4.8		5.6		29.9		6.0		0.63		1,573		45.5		1.80		4.4		74		-
0.75 to <2.50	9.5		10.1		22.5		11.5		1.37		4,387		43.9		1.70		10.8		93		0.1
2.50 to <10.00	3.0		2.1		22.8		3.2		4.59		1,050		43.4		1.80		4.4		140		0.1
10.00 to <100.00	0.5		0.2		37.3		0.6		17.09		166		44.3		1.70		1.2		207		-
100.00 (Default)	0.8		0.2		23.3		0.9		100.00		348		44.4		1.90		-		-		0.4
Sub-total	36.0		42.4		33.9		49.3		2.72		11,573		44.4		1.90		30.3		61		0.6		0.5
FIRB - Total at 31 Dec 2018	36.5		42.4		33.9		50.1		2.67		11,578		44.4		1.90		30.5		61		0.6		0.5

^    Figures have been prepared on an IFRS 9 transitional basis.

1   Securitisation positions are not included in this table.

2   Slotting exposures are disclosed in Table 25: Specialised lending on slotting approach (CR10). The number of obligors at 31 December 2018 have been restated to exclude slotting.

3   The 'Wholesale AIRB - Total' includes NCOA amounting to $56.9bn of original exposure and EAD, and $10.8bn of RWAs.

Table 24: IRB - Effect on RWA of credit derivatives used as CRM techniques (CR7)
			At
			30 Jun 2019				31 Dec 2018
			Pre-credit derivatives RWAs		Actual RWAs		Pre-credit derivatives RWAs		Actual RWAs
		Footnotes	$bn		$bn		$bn		$bn
1	Exposures under FIRB		31.1		31.1		30.5		30.5
3	Institutions		0.2		0.2		0.2		0.2
6	Corporates - other		30.9		30.9		30.3		30.3
7	Exposures under AIRB	1	492.2		491.4		480.0		479.0
8	Central governments and central banks		38.6		38.6		36.9		36.9
9	Institutions		15.5		15.5		14.2		14.2
11	Corporates - specialised lending		28.0		28.0		27.0		27.0
12	Corporates - other		320.1		319.3		319.1		318.1
13	Retail - secured by real estate SMEs		1.7		1.7		1.8		1.8
14	Retail - secured by real estate non-SMEs		39.7		39.7		37.2		37.2
15	Retail - qualifying revolving		17.3		17.3		17.3		17.3
16	Retail - other SMEs		4.8		4.8		4.8		4.8
17	Retail - other non-SMEs		11.5		11.5		10.9		10.9
19	Other non-credit obligation assets		15.0		15.0		10.8		10.8
20	Total		523.3		522.5		510.5		509.5

1   Securitisation positions are not included in this table.

Table 25: Specialised lending on slotting approach (CR10)
		On-balance sheet amount		Off-balance sheet amount		Risk weight		Exposure amount		RWAs		Expected loss
Regulatory categories	Remaining maturity
		$bn		$bn		%		$bn		$bn		$bn
Category 1	Less than 2.5 years	15.3		2.7		50		16.3		8.2		-
	Equal to or more than 2.5 years	12.3		2.5		70		13.3		9.3		0.1
Category 2	Less than 2.5 years	3.4		0.4		70		3.6		2.5		-
	Equal to or more than 2.5 years	2.3		0.5		90		2.5		2.3		-
Category 3	Less than 2.5 years	0.3		-		115		0.4		0.4		-
	Equal to or more than 2.5 years	0.2		-		115		0.2		0.2		-
Category 4	Less than 2.5 years	0.1		-		250		0.1		0.2		-
	Equal to or more than 2.5 years	-		-		250		-		0.1		-
Category 5	Less than 2.5 years	0.4		-		-		0.6		-		0.3
	Equal to or more than 2.5 years	0.2		-		-		0.2		-		0.1
Total at 30 Jun 2019	Less than 2.5 years	19.5		3.1				21.0		11.3		0.3
	Equal to or more than 2.5 years	15.0		3.0				16.2		11.9		0.2
Category 1	Less than 2.5 years	14.8		2.7		50		15.9		8.0		-
	Equal to or more than 2.5 years	11.7		2.6		70		12.7		8.8		0.1
Category 2	Less than 2.5 years	2.7		0.4		70		2.9		2.0		-
	Equal to or more than 2.5 years	2.0		0.5		90		2.2		2.0		-
Category 3	Less than 2.5 years	0.4		-		115		0.4		0.5		-
	Equal to or more than 2.5 years	0.5		0.1		115		0.5		0.6		-
Category 4	Less than 2.5 years	0.1		-		250		0.1		0.1		-
	Equal to or more than 2.5 years	-		-		250		-		0.1		-
Category 5	Less than 2.5 years	0.3		-		-		0.5		-		0.2
	Equal to or more than 2.5 years	0.1		-		-		0.1		-		0.1
Total at 31 Dec 2018	Less than 2.5 years	18.3		3.1				19.8		10.6		0.2
	Equal to or more than 2.5 years	14.3		3.2				15.5		11.5		0.2

Counterparty credit risk

Counterparty credit risk ('CCR') risk arises for derivatives and securities financing transactions ('SFT'). It is calculated in both the trading and non-trading books, and is the risk that a counterparty may default before settlement of the transaction. CCR is generated primarily in our wholesale global businesses.

Four approaches may be used under CRD IV to calculate exposure values for CCR: mark-to-market, original exposure, standardised and IMM. Exposure values calculated under these approaches are used to determine RWAs. Across the Group, we use the mark-to-market and IMM approaches.

For further information, a summary of our current policies and practices for the management of counterparty credit risk is set out in 'Counterparty credit risk' on page 55 of the Pillar 3 Disclosures at 31 December 2018.

Table 26: Analysis of counterparty credit risk exposure by approach (excluding centrally cleared exposures)¹ (CCR1)
		Replacement cost		Potential future exposure		Effective expected positive exposure		Multiplier		EAD post-CRM		RWAs
		$bn		$bn		$bn		$bn		$bn		$bn
1	Mark-to-market	10.5		27.2		-		-		37.7		15.4
4	Internal model method	-		-		30.3		1.4		42.4		17.4
6	-  of which: derivatives and long settlement transactions2	-		-		30.3		1.4		42.4		17.4
9	Financial collateral comprehensive method (for SFTs)	-		-		-		-		51.8		10.8
11	Total at 30 Jun 2019	10.5		27.2		30.3				131.9		43.6
1	Mark-to-market	12.6		21.5		-		-		34.1		13.9
4	Internal model method	-		-		29.9		1.4		41.8		16.2
6	-  of which: derivatives and long settlement transactions2	-		-		29.9		1.4		41.8		16.2
9	Financial collateral comprehensive method (for SFTs)	-		-		-		-		49.3		10.2
11	Total at 31 Dec 2018	12.6		21.5		29.9				125.2		40.3

1   As the Group does not use the original exposure method, notional values are not reported.

2   Prior to the implementation of SA-CCR, exposures reported here will be those under the mark-to-market method.

Table 27: Credit valuation adjustment capital charge (CCR2)
		At
		30 Jun 2019				31 Dec 2018
		EAD post-CRM		RWAs		EAD post-CRM		RWAs
		$bn		$bn		$bn		$bn
1	Total portfolios subject to the Advanced CVA capital charge	20.6		4.1		21.4		4.9
2	-  VaR component (including the 3 × multiplier)			0.7				0.9
3	-  stressed VaR component (including the 3 × multiplier)			3.4				4.0
4	All portfolios subject to the Standardised CVA capital charge	15.6		1.7		13.6		1.0
5	Total subject to the CVA capital charge	36.2		5.8		35.0		5.9

Table 28: Standardised approach - CCR exposures by regulatory portfolio and risk weights (CCR3)
	Risk weight	0%		10%		20%		50%		75%		100%		150%		Others		Total credit exposure		Of which: unrated
1	Central governments and central banks	6.4		-		0.1		-		-		0.1		-		-		6.6		0.1
2	Regional government or local authorities	1.4		-		-		-		-		-		-		-		1.4		-
6	Institutions	-		-		-		-		-		0.1		-		-		0.1		-
7	Corporates	-		-		-		-		-		2.0		-		-		2.0		1.7
	Total at 30 Jun 2019	7.8		-		0.1				-		2.2		-		-		10.1		1.8
1	Central governments and central banks	7.4		-		0.1		-		-		-		-		-		7.5		-
2	Regional government or local authorities	1.0		-		-		-		-		-		-		-		1.0		0.1
6	Institutions	-		-		-		-		-		0.1		-		-		0.1		-
7	Corporates	-		-		-		-		-		1.9		-		-		1.9		1.6
	Total at 31 Dec 2018	8.4		-		0.1		-		-		2.0		-		-		10.5		1.7

Table 29: IRB - CCR exposures by portfolio and PD scale (CCR4)
		EAD post-CRM		Average PD		Number of obligors		Average LGD		Average maturity		RWAs		RWA density
PD scale	Footnotes	$bn		%				%		years		$bn		%
AIRB - Central government and central banks
0.00 to <0.15		8.6		0.03		98		44.8		1.06		0.6		7
0.15 to <0.25		0.2		0.22		11		45.0		3.01		0.1		54
0.25 to <0.50		0.1		0.37		7		45.0		2.45		0.1		63
0.50 to <0.75		0.1		0.63		3		45.0		1.00		-		62
0.75 to <2.50		0.9		1.47		7		45.0		1.04		0.9		103
2.50 to <10.00		-		6.47		1		45.0		3.85		-		192
Sub-total		9.9		0.23		127		44.9		1.10		1.7		17
AIRB - Institutions
0.00 to <0.15		45.5		0.07		4,523		44.6		1.14		9.1		20
0.15 to <0.25		3.8		0.22		437		45.2		1.39		1.8		48
0.25 to <0.50		0.6		0.37		87		46.4		1.20		0.4		55
0.50 to <0.75		0.8		0.63		60		44.3		0.61		0.6		74
0.75 to <2.50		0.3		1.30		128		46.1		2.26		0.4		117
2.50 to <10.00		0.1		5.95		18		47.0		1.11		0.1		165
10.00 to <100.00		0.2		12.95		6		55.0		0.36		0.4		243
100.00 (Default)		-		100.00		1		45.0		1.00		-		-
Sub-total		51.3		0.15		5,260		44.6		1.15		12.8		25
AIRB - Corporates
0.00 to <0.15		31.9		0.07		5,352		43.9		1.75		7.1		22
0.15 to <0.25		8.7		0.22		1,851		46.7		1.75		3.9		45
0.25 to <0.50		4.4		0.37		1,093		45.2		1.65		2.7		61
0.50 to <0.75		3.5		0.63		995		43.9		1.61		2.8		80
0.75 to <2.50		6.5		1.36		7,211		46.4		1.33		6.8		105
2.50 to <10.00		0.8		3.87		573		48.6		1.59		1.3		152
10.00 to <100.00		0.1		23.64		54		52.8		1.34		0.1		260
100.00 (Default)		-		100.00		13		35.9		2.69		-		-
Sub-total		55.9		0.40		17,142		44.9		1.68		24.7		44
AIRB  - Total at 30 Jun 2019	1	117.1		0.28		22,529		44.8		1.31		39.2		33
FIRB - Corporates
0.00 to <0.15		3.0		0.07		732		45.0		2.00		0.7		23
0.15 to <0.25		0.4		0.22		135		45.0		1.60		0.2		40
0.25 to <0.50		0.3		0.37		158		45.0		1.40		0.1		58
0.50 to <0.75		0.1		0.63		104		45.0		1.40		0.1		76
0.75 to <2.50		0.8		1.65		611		45.0		1.61		0.8		108
2.50 to <10.00		0.1		4.45		88		45.0		2.31		0.2		155
100.00 (Default)		-		100.00		6		45.0		3.97		-		-
FIRB  - Total at 30 Jun 2019		4.7		0.55		1,851		45.0		1.86		2.1		45
Total (all portfolios) at 30 Jun 2019		121.8		0.29		24,380		44.8		1.58		41.3		34

1    AIRB Corporates include specialised lending exposures totalling $1.1bn EAD (31 December 2018: $1.2bn) and $0.3bn RWAs (31 December 2018: $0.6bn).

Table 29: IRB - CCR exposures by portfolio and PD scale (CCR4) (continued)
		EAD post-CRM		Average PD		Number of obligors		Average LGD		Average maturity		RWAs		RWA density
PD scale	Footnotes	$bn		%				%		years		$bn		%
AIRB - Central government and central banks
0.00 to <0.15		10.1		0.02		90		44.9		0.95		0.5		5
0.15 to <0.25		0.1		0.22		12		45.0		3.07		0.1		54
0.25 to <0.50		0.1		0.37		6		44.8		3.36		0.1		74
0.50 to <0.75		0.1		0.63		1		45.0		1.00		-		60
0.75 to <2.50		1.2		2.25		7		45.0		1.29		1.2		100
2.50 to <10.00		-		7.85		1		45.0		5.00		-		218
Sub-total		11.6		0.22		117		45.0		1.02		1.9		17
AIRB - Institutions
0.00 to <0.15		40.5		0.06		4,629		44.3		1.17		7.8		19
0.15 to <0.25		3.5		0.22		477		43.9		1.40		1.6		46
0.25 to <0.50		1.7		0.37		75		45.0		1.19		0.9		50
0.50 to <0.75		0.7		0.63		64		44.9		1.06		0.4		67
0.75 to <2.50		0.4		1.37		106		46.2		2.08		0.5		117
2.50 to <10.00		0.1		4.94		20		44.9		1.60		0.1		149
10.00 to <100.00		0.4		12.98		12		55.0		1.20		0.8		241
100.00 (Default)		-		100.00		1		45.0		1.00		-		-
Sub-total		47.3		0.21		5,384		44.7		1.18		12.1		26
AIRB - Corporates
0.00 to <0.15		30.2		0.07		4,934		43.5		1.71		6.4		21
0.15 to <0.25		6.7		0.22		1,796		46.9		1.75		3.2		48
0.25 to <0.50		3.8		0.37		1,029		44.6		1.69		2.1		56
0.50 to <0.75		3.8		0.63		1,018		43.8		1.23		2.8		73
0.75 to <2.50		6.3		1.34		7,375		46.1		1.38		6.6		104
2.50 to <10.00		0.7		3.92		569		46.9		1.62		1.1		150
10.00 to <100.00		0.1		21.77		61		43.6		1.34		0.1		237
100.00 (Default)		-		100.00		17		41.1		2.60		-		-
Sub-total		51.6		0.42		16,799		44.4		1.64		22.3		43
AIRB  - Total at 31 Dec 2018	1	110.5		0.28		22,300		49.2		1.38		36.3		33
FIRB - Corporates
0.00 to <0.15		2.5		0.07		522		37.9		1.73		0.6		24
0.15 to <0.25		0.4		0.22		146		45.0		1.78		0.2		42
0.25 to <0.50		0.2		0.37		130		45.0		1.66		0.1		59
0.50 to <0.75		0.2		0.63		84		45.0		0.82		0.1		74
0.75 to <2.50		0.7		1.59		533		45.0		1.56		0.8		105
2.50 to <10.00		0.1		5.00		82		45.0		2.20		0.1		155
10.00 to <100.00		-		11.95		11		45.0		1.03		-		192
100.00 (Default)		-		100.00		7		45.0		1.02		-		-
FIRB  - Total at 31 Dec 2018		4.1		0.54		1,515		45.0		1.82		1.9		45
Total (all portfolios) at 31 Dec 2018		114.6		0.32		23,815		44.6		1.40		38.2		33

Table 30: Impact of netting and collateral held on exposure values (CCR5-A)
		Gross positive fair value or net carrying amount		Netting benefits		Netted current credit exposure		Collateral held		Net credit exposure
		$bn		$bn		$bn		$bn		$bn
1	Derivatives	673.5		518.4		155.1		47.9		107.2
2	SFTs	1,012.3		-		1,012.3		959.5		52.8
4	Total at 30 Jun 2019	1,685.8		518.4		1,167.4		1,007.4		160.0
1	Derivatives	579.7		431.8		147.9		42.4		105.5
2	SFTs	983.8		-		983.8		933.1		50.7
4	Total at 31 Dec 2018	1,563.5		431.8		1,131.7		975.5		156.2

Table 31: Composition of collateral for CCR exposure (CCR5-B)
		Collateral used in derivative transactions								Collateral used in SFTs
		Fair value of collateral received				Fair value of posted collateral				Fair value of collateral received		Fair value of posted collateral
		Segregated		Unsegregated		Segregated		Unsegregated
		$bn		$bn		$bn		$bn		$bn		$bn
1	Cash - domestic currency	-		7.8		1.5		4.9		55.4		101.9
2	Cash - other currencies	-		43.4		6.1		38.0		377.6		429.6
3	Domestic sovereign debt	-		6.4		-		6.4		87.2		66.1
4	Other sovereign debt	-		8.8		-		15.8		388.2		340.3
5	Government agency debt	-		0.1		-		0.9		13.4		18.2
6	Corporate bonds	-		1.1		-		0.4		38.8		17.0
7	Equity securities	-		0.2		-		-		40.0		36.1
8	Other collateral	-		0.2		-		1.4		2.5		3.1
9	Total at 30 Jun 2019	-		68.0		7.6		67.8		1,003.1		1,012.3
1	Cash - domestic currency	-		5.6		1.6		4.9		75.9		118.9
2	Cash - other currencies	-		37.6		5.5		32.6		344.1		402.0
3	Domestic sovereign debt	-		5.5		-		5.2		107.7		84.6
4	Other sovereign debt	-		5.8		-		9.5		352.4		323.8
5	Government agency debt	-		0.1		-		0.2		13.4		4.4
6	Corporate bonds	-		0.7		-		0.3		36.4		16.5
7	Equity securities	-		-		-		-		36.8		32.3
8	Other collateral	-		0.3		-		1.2		1.4		0.5
9	Total at 31 Dec 2018	-		55.6		7.1		53.9		968.1		983.0

Table 32: Exposures to central counterparties (CCR8)
		At
		30 Jun 2019				31 Dec 2018
		EAD post-CRM		RWAs		EAD post-CRM		RWAs
		$bn		$bn		$bn		$bn
1	Exposures to qualifying central counterparties ('QCCPs') (total)			1.1				1.1
2	Exposures for trades at QCCPs (excluding initial margin and default fund contributions)	22.8		0.4		24.8		0.5
3	-  OTC derivatives	11.9		0.2		9.8		0.2
4	-  exchange-traded derivatives	5.2		0.1		9.2		0.2
5	-  securities financing transactions	5.7		0.1		5.8		0.1
7	Segregated initial margin	7.6				7.1
8	Non-segregated initial margin	9.9		0.2		10.4		0.2
9	Pre-funded default fund contributions	-		0.5		-		0.4

Table 33: Credit derivatives exposures (CCR6)
		At
		30 Jun 2019				31 Dec 2018
		Protection bought		Protection sold		Protection bought		Protection sold
	Footnotes	$bn		$bn		$bn		$bn
Notionals
Credit derivative products used for own credit portfolio
-  index credit default swaps		7.4		2.9		2.3		-
Total notionals used for own credit portfolio		7.4		2.9		2.3		-
Credit derivative products used for intermediation	1
-  index credit default swaps		194.9		179.1		168.6		154.0
-  total return swaps		15.8		9.9		14.6		6.9
Total notionals used for intermediation		210.7		189.0		183.2		160.9
Total credit derivative notionals		218.1		191.9		185.5		160.9
Fair values
-  Positive fair value (asset)		2.5		2.9		2.6		1.2
-  Negative fair value (liability)		(3.3	)	(2.7	)	(1.4	)	(2.4	)

1   These are products where we act as an intermediary for our clients, enabling them to take a position in the underlying securities. These do not increase risk for HSBC.

Securitisation

We act as originator, sponsor, liquidity provider and derivative counterparty to our own originated and sponsored securitisations, as well as those of third parties. Our strategy is to use securitisation to meet our needs for aggregate funding or capital management, to the extent that market, regulatory treatments and other conditions are suitable, and for customer facilitation.

We do not provide support to any of our originated or sponsored securitisations, and it is not our policy to do so.

We have senior and junior exposures to Mazarin Funding Limited, which is a securities investment conduit ('SIC'). We also hold all of the commercial paper issued by Solitaire Funding Limited. These are considered legacy businesses, and exposures are being repaid as the securities they hold amortise or are sold.

On 1 January 2019, the new securitisation framework came into force.

For further details of the new securitisation framework, see page 11.

Table 34: Securitisation exposures in the non-trading book (SEC1)
		Bank acts as originator							Bank acts as sponsor							Bank acts as investor
		Traditional		Synthetic		Sub-total			Traditional		Synthetic		Sub-total			Traditional		Synthetic		Sub-total
		$bn		$bn		$bn			$bn		$bn		$bn			$bn		$bn		$bn
1	Retail (total)	-		-		-			14.3		-		14.3			7.9		-		7.9
2	-  residential mortgage	-		-		-			4.3		-		4.3			4.4		-		4.4
3	-  credit card	-		-		-			1.0		-		1.0			1.0		-		1.0
4	-  other retail exposures	-		-		-			9.0		-		9.0			2.5		-		2.5
6	Wholesale (total)	-		2.5		2.5			5.7		-		5.7			2.2		-		2.2
7	-  loans to corporates	-		2.5		2.5			-		-		-			0.1		-		0.1
8	-  commercial mortgage	-		-		-			0.1		-		0.1			1.6		-		1.6
9	-  lease and receivables	-		-		-			5.4		-		5.4			0.4		-		0.4
10	-  other wholesale	-		-		-			0.2		-		0.2			0.1		-		0.1
11	-  resecuritisation	-		-		-			-		-		-			-		-		-
	Total at 30 Jun 2019	-		2.5		2.5			20.0		-		20.0			10.1		-		10.1
	-  of which:
	securitisations under the new framework	-		-		-			4.6		-		4.6			2.1		-		2.1
	securitisations under the pre-existing framework	-		2.5		2.5			15.4		-		15.4			8.0		-		8.0
1	Retail (total)	0.4		-		0.4			13.6		-		13.6			6.8		-		6.8
2	-  residential mortgage	-		-		-			4.3		-		4.3			3.8		-		3.8
3	-  credit card	-		-		-			0.7		-		0.7			0.5		-		0.5
4	-  other retail exposures	0.4		-		0.4			8.6		-		8.6			2.5		-		2.5
6	Wholesale (total)	-		3.2		3.2			6.3		-		6.3			2.1		-		2.1
7	-  loans to corporates	-		3.2		3.2			-		-		-			0.1		-		0.1
8	-  commercial mortgage	-		-		-			0.1		-		0.1			1.5		-		1.5
9	-  lease and receivables	-		-		-			5.6		-		5.6			0.4		-		0.4
10	-  other wholesale	-		-		-			0.2		-		0.2			0.1		-		0.1
11	-  resecuritisation	-		-		-			0.4		-		0.4			-		-		-
	Total at 31 Dec 2018	0.4		3.2		3.6			19.9		-		19.9			8.9		-		8.9

Table 35: Securitisation exposures in the trading book (SEC2)
		At
		30 Jun 2019						31 Dec 2018
		Bank acts as investor1						Bank acts as investor1
		Traditional		Synthetic		Sub-total		Traditional		Synthetic		Sub-total
		$bn		$bn		$bn		$bn		$bn		$bn
1	Retail (total)	1.7		-		1.7		2.0		-		2.0
2	-  residential mortgage	1.1		-		1.1		1.1		-		1.1
3	-  credit card	0.1		-		0.1		0.2		-		0.2
4	-  other retail exposures	0.5		-		0.5		0.7		-		0.7
6	Wholesale (total)	1.1		-		1.1		0.9		-		0.9
8	-  commercial mortgage	0.9		-		0.9		0.7		-		0.7
10	-  other wholesale	0.2		-		0.2		0.2		-		0.2
	Total (all portfolios)	2.8		-		2.8		2.9		-		2.9
	-  of which:
	securitisations under the new framework	0.1		-		0.1		N/A		N/A		N/A
	securitisations under the pre-existing framework	2.7		-		2.7		2.9		-		2.9

1   HSBC does not act as originator or sponsor for securitisation exposures in the trading book.

The following tables present the Group's exposure in the non-trading book and associated regulatory capital requirements where the Group acts as originator or as sponsor. Table 36i presents the Group's exposures under the pre-existing securitisation framework, whereas Table 36ii presents the exposures the Group has taken on since 1 January 2019 under the new securitisation framework.

Table 36i: Securitisation exposures in the non-trading book and associated regulatory capital requirements - bank acting as originator or as sponsor (under the pre-existing framework) (SEC3)
		Exposure values (by risk weight bands)											Exposure values (by regulatory approach)
		≤20% RW		>20% to 50% RW		>50% to 100% RW		>100% to 1,250% RW		1,250% RW			IRB RBA (including IAA)		IRB SFA		SA		1,250%
		$bn		$bn		$bn		$bn		$bn			$bn		$bn		$bn		$bn
2	Traditional securitisation	14.6		0.1		0.1		0.6		-			14.8		-		0.6		-
3	Securitisation	14.6		0.1		0.1		0.6		-			14.8		-		0.6		-
4	-  retail underlying	10.3		0.1		-		0.6		-			10.4		-		0.6		-
5	-  wholesale	4.3		-		0.1		-		-			4.4		-		-		-
6	Resecuritisation	-		-		-		-		-			-		-		-		-
8	-  non-senior	-		-		-		-		-			-		-		-		-
9	Synthetic securitisation	2.1		-		-		0.4		-			2.5		-		-		-
10	Securitisation	2.1		-		-		0.4		-			2.5		-		-		-
12	-  wholesale	2.1		-		-		0.4		-			2.5		-		-		-
1	Total at 30 Jun 2019	16.7		0.1		0.1		1.0		-			17.3		-		0.6		-
2	Traditional securitisation	19.0		0.2		0.8		0.2		0.1			19.5		-		0.7		0.1
3	Securitisation	19.0		-		0.8		0.1		-			19.2		-		0.7		-
4	-  retail underlying	13.2		-		0.7		0.1		-			13.3		-		0.7		-
5	-  wholesale	5.8		-		0.1		-		-			5.9		-		-		-
6	Resecuritisation	-		0.2		-		0.1		0.1			0.3		-		-		0.1
8	-  non-senior	-		0.2		-		0.1		0.1			0.3		-		-		0.1
9	Synthetic securitisation	2.9		-		-		0.3		-			3.2		-		-		-
10	Securitisation	2.9		-		-		0.3		-			3.2		-		-		-
12	-  wholesale	2.9		-		-		0.3		-			3.2		-		-		-
1	Total at 31 Dec 2018	21.9		0.2		0.8		0.5		0.1			22.7		-		0.7		0.1

		RWAs (by regulatory approach)									Capital charge after cap
		IRB RBA (including IAA)		IRB SFA		SA		1,250%			IRB RBA (including IAA)		IRB SFA		SA		1,250%
		$bn		$bn		$bn		$bn			$bn		$bn		$bn		$bn
2	Traditional securitisation	1.7		-		0.9		-			0.1		-		0.1		-
3	Securitisation	1.6		-		0.9		-			0.1		-		0.1		-
4	-  retail underlying	1.1		-		0.9		-			0.1		-		0.1		-
5	-  wholesale	0.5		-		-		-			-		-		-		-
6	Resecuritisation	0.1		-		-		-			-		-		-		-
8	-  non-senior	0.1		-		-		-			-		-		-		-
9	Synthetic securitisation	0.7		-		-		0.2			0.1		-		-		-
10	Securitisation	0.7		-		-		0.2			0.1		-		-		-
12	-  wholesale	0.7		-		-		0.2			0.1		-		-		-
1	Total at 30 Jun 2019	2.4		-		0.9		0.2			0.2		-		0.1		-
2	Traditional securitisation	2.5		-		0.7		1.4			0.2		-		0.1		0.1
3	Securitisation	2.0		-		0.7		0.6			0.2		-		0.1		-
4	-  retail underlying	1.5		-		0.7		0.5			0.2		-		0.1		-
5	-  wholesale	0.5		-		-		0.1			-		-		-		-
6	Resecuritisation	0.5		-		-		0.8			-		-		-		0.1
8	-  non-senior	0.5		-		-		0.8			-		-		-		0.1
9	Synthetic securitisation	0.8		-		-		0.2			0.1		-		-		-
10	Securitisation	0.8		-		-		0.2			0.1		-		-		-
12	-  wholesale	0.8		-		-		0.2			0.1		-		-		-
1	Total at 31 Dec 2018	3.3		-		0.7		1.6			0.3		-		0.1		0.1

The reduction in RWAs was principally driven by the continued disposal of exposures in the legacy book.

Table 36ii: Securitisation exposures in the non-trading book and associated regulatory capital requirements - bank acting as originator or as sponsor (under the new framework) (SEC3)
		Exposure values (by risk weight bands)											Exposure values (by regulatory approach)
		≤20% RW		>20% to 50% RW		>50% to 100% RW		>100% to 1,250% RW		1,250% RW			SEC-IRBA		SEC-ERBA		SEC IAA		SEC-SA		1,250%
		$bn		$bn		$bn		$bn		$bn			$bn		$bn		$bn		$bn		$bn
2	Traditional securitisation	2.9		1.5		0.2		-		-			-		-		3.8		0.8		-
3	Securitisation	2.9		1.5		0.2		-		-			-		-		3.8		0.8		-
4	-  retail underlying	1.7		1.4		0.2		-		-			-		-		2.5		0.8		-
5	-  wholesale	1.2		0.1		-		-		-			-		-		1.3		-		-
1	Total at 30 Jun 2019	2.9		1.5		0.2		-		-			-		-		3.8		0.8		-

		RWAs (by regulatory approach)											Capital charge after cap
		SEC-IRBA		SEC-ERBA		SEC IAA		SEC-SA		1,250%			SEC-IRBA		SEC-ERBA		SEC IAA		SEC-SA		1,250%
		$bn		$bn		$bn		$bn		$bn			$bn		$bn		$bn		$bn		$bn
2	Traditional securitisation	-		-		0.9		0.2		-			-		-		0.1		-		-
3	Securitisation	-		-		0.9		0.2		-			-		-		0.1		-		-
4	-  retail underlying	-		-		0.7		0.2		-			-		-		0.1		-		-
5	-  wholesale	-		-		0.2		-		-			-		-		-		-		-
1	Total at 30 Jun 2019	-		-		0.9		0.2		-			-		-		0.1		-		-

The following tables present the Group's exposure in the non-trading book and associated regulatory capital requirements where the Group acts as an investor. Table 37i presents the Group's exposures under the pre-existing securitisation framework, whereas Table 37ii presents the exposures the Group has taken on since 1 January 2019 under the new securitisation framework.

Table 37i: Securitisation exposures in the non-trading book and associated capital requirements - bank acting as investor (under the pre-existing framework) (SEC4)
		Exposure values (by risk weight bands)											Exposure values (by regulatory approach)
		≤20% RW		>20% to 50% RW		>50% to 100% RW		>100% to 1,250% RW		1,250% RW			IRB RBA (including IAA)		IRB SFA		SA		1,250%
		$bn		$bn		$bn		$bn		$bn			$bn		$bn		$bn		$bn
2	Traditional securitisation	6.4		0.7		0.9		-		-			6.5		-		1.5		-
3	Securitisation	6.4		0.7		0.9		-		-			6.5		-		1.5		-
4	-  retail underlying	4.2		0.7		0.9		-		-			4.3		-		1.5		-
5	-  wholesale	2.2		-		-		-		-			2.2		-		-		-
1	Total at 30 Jun 2019	6.4		0.7		0.9		-		-			6.5		-		1.5		-
2	Traditional securitisation	7.0		0.6		1.3		-		-			6.9		-		2.0		-
3	Securitisation	7.0		0.6		1.3		-		-			6.9		-		2.0		-
4	-  retail underlying	5.0		0.6		1.2		-		-			4.8		-		2.0		-
5	-  wholesale	2.0		-		0.1		-		-			2.1		-		-		-
1	Total at 31 Dec 2018	7.0		0.6		1.3		-		-			6.9		-		2.0		-

		RWAs (by regulatory approach)									Capital charge after cap
		IRB RBA (including IAA)		IRB SFA		SA		1,250%			IRB RBA (including IAA)		IRB SFA		SA		1,250%
		$bn		$bn		$bn		$bn			$bn		$bn		$bn		$bn
2	Traditional securitisation	0.8		-		1.1		0.3			0.1		-		0.1		-
3	Securitisation	0.8		-		1.1		0.3			0.1		-		0.1		-
4	-  retail underlying	0.4		-		1.1		0.2			-		-		0.1		-
5	-  wholesale	0.4		-		-		0.1			0.1		-		-		-
1	Total at 30 Jun 2019	0.8		-		1.1		0.3			0.1		-		0.1		-
2	Traditional securitisation	0.9		-		1.5		0.4			0.1		-		0.1		-
3	Securitisation	0.9		-		1.5		0.4			0.1		-		0.1		-
4	-  retail underlying	0.5		-		1.5		0.3			-		-		0.1		-
5	-  wholesale	0.4		-		-		0.1			0.1		-		-		-
1	Total at 31 Dec 2018	0.9		-		1.5		0.4			0.1		-		0.1		-

Table 37ii: Securitisation exposures in the non-trading book and associated capital requirements - bank acting as investor (under the new framework) (SEC4)
		Exposure values (by risk weight bands)											Exposure values (by regulatory approach)
		≤20% RW		>20% to 50% RW		>50% to 100% RW		>100% to 1,250% RW		1,250% RW			SEC-IRBA		SEC-ERBA		SEC IAA		SEC-SA		1,250%
		$bn		$bn		$bn		$bn		$bn			$bn		$bn		$bn		$bn		$bn
2	Traditional securitisation	1.4		0.4		-		0.3		-			-		0.7		-		1.4		-
3	Securitisation	1.4		0.4		-		0.3		-			-		0.7		-		1.4		-
4	-  retail underlying	1.4		0.4		-		0.3		-			-		0.7		-		1.4		-
1	Total at 30 Jun 2019	1.4		0.4		-		0.3		-			-		0.7		-		1.4		-

		RWAs (by regulatory approach)											Capital charge after cap
		SEC-IRBA		SEC-ERBA		SEC IAA		SEC-SA		1,250%			SEC-IRBA		SEC-ERBA		SEC IAA		SEC-SA		1,250%
		$bn		$bn		$bn		$bn		$bn			$bn		$bn		$bn		$bn		$bn
2	Traditional securitisation	-		0.3		-		0.3		-			-		-		-		-		-
3	Securitisation	-		0.3		-		0.3		-			-		-		-		-		-
4	-  retail underlying	-		0.3		-		0.3		-			-		-		-		-		-
1	Total at 30 Jun 2019	-		0.3		-		0.3		-			-		-		-		-		-

Market risk

Market risk is the risk that movements in market factors, such as foreign exchange rates, interest rates, credit spreads, equity prices and commodity prices, will reduce our income or the value of our portfolios.

Exposure to market risk is separated into two portfolios:

•    trading portfolios: these comprise positions arising from market-making; and

 

•    non-trading portfolios: these comprise positions that primarily arise from the interest rate management of our retail and commercial banking assets and liabilities, financial investments measured at fair value through other comprehensive income, debt instruments measured at amortised cost, and exposures arising from our insurance operations.

There were no material changes to the policies and practices for the management of market risk.

For further information, a summary of our current policies and practices for the management of market risk is set out in 'Market risk' on page 61 of the Pillar 3 Disclosures at 31 December 2018.

Table 38: Market risk under standardised approach (MR1)
		At
		30 Jun		31 Dec		30 Jun
		2019		2018		2019
		RWAs		RWAs		Capital requirements
		$bn		$bn		$bn
	Outright products
1	Interest rate risk (general and specific)	2.1		2.5		0.2
2	Equity risk (general and specific)	0.1		0.1		-
3	Foreign exchange risk	0.2		1.4		-
	Options
6	Delta-plus method	0.1		0.1		-
8	Securitisation (specific risk)	1.8		1.6		0.2
9	Total	4.3		5.7		0.4

Market risk RWAs under the standardised approach decreased in the current year largely due to increased hedging on foreign currency exposures.

Table 39: Market risk under IMA (MR2-A)
		At 30 Jun 2019				At 31 Dec 2018
		RWAs		Capital requirements		RWAs		Capital requirements
		$bn		$bn		$bn		$bn
1	VaR (higher of values a and b)	6.5		0.5		7.1		0.6
(a)	Previous day's VaR			0.1				0.1
(b)	Average daily VaR			0.5				0.6
2	Stressed VaR (higher of values a and b)	9.4		0.7		12.1		1.0
(a)	Latest stressed VaR			0.1				0.2
(b)	Average stressed VaR			0.7				1.0
3	Incremental risk charge (higher of values a and b)	11.1		0.9		6.4		0.5
(a)	Most recent IRC value			0.8				0.4
(b)	Average IRC value			0.9				0.5
5	Other	3.5		0.3		4.5		0.3
6	Total	30.5		2.4		30.1		2.4

Under the IMA approach, incremental risk charge RWAs increased by $4.7bn, largely due to higher volumes of sovereign exposures and a fall in diversification benefits. Partly offsetting this was a $2.7bn decrease in stressed VaR RWAs, which was primarily due to increased diversification benefits following regulatory approval to expand the scope of consolidation and lower equity and rates exposures.

Table 40: IMA values for trading portfolios¹ (MR3)
		At
		30 Jun		31 Dec
		2019		2018
		$m		$m
VaR (10 day 99%)
1	Maximum value	201.3		210.0
2	Average value	169.9		182.9
3	Minimum value	138.5		160.3
4	Period end	168.2		193.2
Stressed VaR (10 day 99%)
5	Maximum value	327.3		408.5
6	Average value	236.5		256.8
7	Minimum value	156.9		194.9
8	Period end	156.9		408.5
Incremental risk charge (99.9%)
9	Maximum value	1,089.2		743.7
10	Average value	815.1		603.9
11	Minimum value	573.7		424.9
12	Period end	785.2		492.7

1   Comparatives as at 31 December 2018 for averages, maximums and minimums were restated in compliance with EBA guidance.

In 1H19, the period end values for the three market risk capital models changed as follows:

•    The decrease in VaR was driven mainly by lower contributions from equity correlation and dividend risks captured in the risk-not-in-VaR ('RNIV') framework, which covers risks in our trading book that are not fully captured by the VaR model.

•    Stressed VaR reduction was primarily due to lower contributions from foreign exchange and rates activities and increased diversification benefits following regulatory approval to expand the scope of consolidation.

•    The increase in incremental risk charge was mainly due to a larger contribution predominantly from Brazil, US and China sovereigns.

Table 41: Comparison of VaR estimates with gains/losses (MR4)

VaR back-testing exceptions against actual profit and loss ($m)

Please refer to PDF for associated charts
http://www.rns-pdf.londonstockexchange.com/rns/8642H_1-2019-8-5.pdf

	Actual profit and loss		Profit or loss exception		VaR

In 1H19, the Group experienced three profit and one loss back-testing exceptions against actual profit and loss. These comprised;

•       a profit exception in early January 2019, driven by gains across most asset classes, as interest rates rose and equity markets rebounded;

•       a profit exception in late January 2019, mainly due to gains from new transactions in the rates business and lower equity volatilities;

•       a profit exception in March 2019, driven by increased volatility in some emerging markets currencies and interest rates; and

•       a loss exception in March 2019, attributable to month-end valuation adjustments driven by portfolio and spread changes.

VaR back-testing exceptions against hypothetical profit and loss ($m)

Please refer to PDF for associated charts
http://www.rns-pdf.londonstockexchange.com/rns/8642H_1-2019-8-5.pdf

	Hypothetical profit and loss		VaR

In 1H19, the Group did not experience any back-testing exceptions against hypothetical profit and loss.

Minimum requirement for own funds and eligible liabilities

From 1 January 2019, a requirement for total loss-absorbing capacity ('TLAC') was introduced, as defined in the final standards adopted by the Financial Stability Board. In the EU, TLAC requirements were implemented via the Capital Requirements Regulation ('CRR II'), which came into force in June 2019 and includes a new framework on minimum requirement for own funds and eligible liabilities ('MREL').

MREL includes own funds and liabilities that can be written down or converted into capital resources in order to absorb losses or recapitalise a bank in the event of its failure. The new framework is complemented with new disclosure requirements. As the specific EU format for disclosure is yet to be agreed, the disclosures are based on the formats provided in the Basel Committee Standards for Pillar 3 disclosures requirements.

The preferred resolution strategy for the Group, as confirmed by the BoE, is a multiple point of entry ('MPE') strategy - allowing each individual resolution group to be resolved by its respective local resolution authority. Aligned with this strategy, the Group issues TLAC to the market from HSBC Holdings only, and then downstream the proceeds to its subsidiaries as necessary and in accordance with requirements set by our regulators. This approach gives host authorities the option to recapitalise local subsidiaries through the write-down of internal TLAC resources, with the BoE applying bail-in powers at the HSBC Holdings level where necessary and subsequently conducting any necessary restructuring and separation of the Group in coordination with host authorities.

In line with the existing structure and business model of the Group, we have three resolution groups - namely the European resolution group, the Asian resolution group and the US resolution group. There are some smaller entities that fall outside of the resolution groups, and can be separately resolved.

The table below lists the resolution groups, the related resolution entities and their material subsidiaries subject to TLAC requirements as currently agreed with the BoE.

The external MREL requirement for the Group as a whole is currently the highest of:

•    16% of the Group's consolidated RWAs;

•    6% of the Group's consolidated leverage exposure; and

•    the sum of all loss-absorbing capacity requirements and other capital requirements relating to Group entities or sub-groups.

We expect the indicative, external MREL requirements applying to the Group from 2020 to 2021 to follow the same calibration. The indicative, external MREL requirement applicable in 2022 is expected to be the highest of:

•    18% of the Group's consolidated RWAs;

•    6.75% of the Group's consolidated leverage exposure; and

•    the sum of all loss-absorbing capacity requirements and other capital requirements relating to other Group entities or sub-groups.

These indicative requirements remain subject to the BoE's confirmation and its review of the MREL framework in 2020.

Further details of our approach to capital management may be found in  'Capital management' on page 76 of the Interim Report 2019.

European resolution group	HSBC Holdings plc	HSBC UK Holdings Limited
		HSBC Bank plc
		HSBC UK Bank plc
		HSBC France
Asian resolution group	HSBC Asia Holdings Limited	The Hongkong and Shanghai Banking Corporation Limited
		Hang Seng Bank Limited
US resolution group	HSBC North America Holdings Inc	N/A

The table below summarises key metrics for each of the Group's three resolution groups. 

Table 42: Key metrics of the resolution groups (KM2)
		At 30 June 2019
		Resolution group
		European1	Asian2	US3
1	Total loss absorbing capacity ('TLAC') available ($m)	97,256	97,040	31,739
1a	Fully loaded ECL accounting model TLAC available ($m)	97,055	97,040	N/A
2	Total RWA at the level of the resolution group ($m)	321,149	371,100	140,762
3	TLAC as a percentage of RWA (row1/row2) (%)	30.3%	26.1%	22.5%
3a	Fully loaded ECL accounting model TLAC as a percentage of fully loaded ECL accounting model RWA (%)	30.2%	26.1%	N/A
4	Leverage exposure measure at the level of the resolution group ($m)	1,176,134	1,041,168	362,621
5	TLAC as a percentage of leverage exposure measure (row1/row4) (%)	8.3%	9.3%	8.8%
5a	Fully loaded ECL accounting model TLAC as a percentage of fully loaded ECL accounting model Leverage exposure measure (%)	8.3%	9.3%	N/A
6a	Does the subordination exemption in the antepenultimate paragraph of Section 11 of the FSB TLAC Term Sheet apply?	No	No	No
6b	Does the subordination exemption in the penultimate paragraph of Section 11 of the FSB TLAC Term Sheet apply?	No	No	No
6c	If the capped subordination exemption applies, the amount of funding issued that ranks pari passu with excluded liabilities and that is recognised as external TLAC, divided by funding issued that ranks pari passu with excluded liabilities and that would be recognised as external TLAC if no cap was applied (%)	N/A	N/A	N/A

1   The European resolution group reports in accordance with the applicable provisions of the Capital Requirements Regulation as amended by CRR II. Unless otherwise stated, all figures are calculated using the EU's regulatory transitional arrangements for IFRS 9 in article 473a of the Capital Requirements Regulation.

2   Reporting for the Asian resolution group follows the Hong Kong Monetary Authority ('HKMA') regulatory rules. IFRS 9 has been implemented but no regulatory transitional arrangements apply.

3   Reporting for the US resolution group is prepared in accordance with local regulatory rules. The US accounting standard for current expected credit losses ('CECL') corresponding to IFRS 9 is not yet effective. Leverage exposure and ratio are calculated under the US supplementary leverage ratio rules.

Given the preferred MPE resolution strategy and the fact that the Bank of England framework includes requirements set on the basis of HSBC group consolidated position, the table below presents data for both the consolidated Group and the resolution groups. The difference between Group CET1 and the aggregate of resolution groups' CET1 is driven by entities that fall outside of the resolution groups and by differences in regulatory frameworks.

Table 43: TLAC composition (TLAC1)
			At 30 June 2019
			Group1			Resolution group
		Footnotes				European1		Asian2		US3
	Regulatory capital elements of TLAC and adjustments ($m)
	Common equity tier 1 capital before adjustments		126,949			116,222		61,561		18,649
	Deduction of CET1 exposures between MPE resolution groups and other group entities		-			102,699		-		-
1	Common equity tier 1 capital ('CET1')		126,949			13,523		61,561		18,649
2	Additional tier 1 capital ('AT1') before TLAC adjustments		25,878			25,089		5,837		2,240
3	AT1 ineligible as TLAC as issued out of subsidiaries to third parties		-			-		-		-
4	Other adjustments		-			7,940		-		-
5	AT1 instruments eligible under the TLAC framework (row 2 minus row 3 minus row 4)		25,878			17,149		5,837		2,240
6	Tier 2 capital ('T2') before TLAC adjustments		25,432			25,167		8,074		5,503
7	Amortised portion of T2 instruments where remaining maturity > 1 year		1,257			302		-		-
8	T2 capital ineligible as TLAC as issued out of subsidiaries to third parties		-			-		400		-
9	Other adjustments		-			7,947		-		2,653
10	T2 instruments eligible under the TLAC framework (row 6 plus row 7 minus row 8 minus row 9)		26,689			17,522		7,674		2,850
11	TLAC arising from regulatory capital		179,516			48,194		75,072		23,739
	Non-regulatory capital elements of TLAC ($m)
12	External TLAC instruments issued directly by the bank and subordinated to excluded liabilities		80,046			49,062		21,970		8,000
13	External TLAC instruments issued directly by the bank which are not subordinated to excluded liabilities but meet all other TLAC term sheet requirements		-			-		-		-
14	Of which: amount eligible as TLAC after application of the caps		-			-		-		-
15	External TLAC instruments issued by funding vehicles prior to 1 January 2022		-			-		-		-
16	Eligible ex ante commitments to recapitalise a G-SIB in resolution		-			-		-		-
17	TLAC arising from non-regulatory capital instruments before adjustments		80,046			49,062		21,970		8,000
	Non-regulatory capital elements of TLAC: adjustments ($m)
18	TLAC before deductions		259,562			97,256		97,042		31,739
19	Deductions of exposures between MPE resolution groups that correspond to items eligible for TLAC		-			-		2		-
20	Deduction of investments in own other TLAC liabilities		43			-		-		-
21	Other adjustments to TLAC		-			-		-		-
22	TLAC after deductions (row 18 minus row 19 minus row 20 minus row 21)		259,519			97,256		97,040		31,739
	Risk-weighted assets and leverage exposure measure for TLAC purposes ($m)
23	Total risk-weighted assets		885,971			321,149		371,100		140,762
24	Leverage exposure measure		2,786,468			1,176,134		1,041,168		362,621
	TLAC ratios and buffers (%)
25	TLAC (as a percentage of risk-weighted assets)		29.3%			30.3%		26.1%		22.5%
26	TLAC (as a percentage of leverage exposure)		9.3%			8.3%		9.3%		8.8%
27	CET1 (as a percentage of risk-weighted assets) available after meeting the resolution group's minimum capital and TLAC requirements	4	8.1%			N/A		N/A		4.5%
28	Institution-specific buffer requirement (capital conservation buffer plus countercyclical buffer requirements plus higher loss absorbency requirement, expressed as a percentage of risk-weighted assets)		5.2%			N/A		N/A		2.5%
29	Of which: capital conservation buffer requirement		2.5%			N/A		N/A		2.5%
30	Of which: bank specific countercyclical buffer requirement		0.7%			N/A		N/A		N/A
31	Of which: higher loss absorbency (G-SIB) requirement		2.0%			N/A		N/A		N/A

1   The Group and European resolution group reports in accordance with the applicable provisions of the Capital Requirements Regulation as amended by CRR II. Unless otherwise stated all figures are calculated using the EU's regulatory transitional arrangements for IFRS 9 in article 473a of the Capital Requirements Regulation. Investments by the European resolution group in the regulatory capital or TLAC of other group companies are deducted from the corresponding form of capital in rows 1, 4 & 9. Buffer requirements are reported as 'Not applicable' as none have yet been set for the European resolution group.

2   Reporting for the Asian resolution group follows HKMA regulatory rules. IFRS 9 has been implemented but no regulatory transitional arrangements apply.

3   Reporting for the US resolution group is prepared in accordance with local regulatory rules. The US accounting standard for current expected credit losses ('CECL') corresponding to IFRS 9 is not yet effective. Leverage exposure and ratio are calculated under the US supplementary leverage ratio rules. Other adjustments for the US resolution group relate to allowances for loan and lease losses that are not TLAC eligible and Tier 2 instruments that currently do not qualify as TLAC. Under the US Final TLAC rules, in addition to the risk-weighted assets component of the TLAC requirement, the US resolution group is subject to an external 2.5% TLAC buffer that is similar to the capital conservation buffer.

4   For the Group, minimum capital requirement is defined as the sum of Pillar 1 and Pillar 2A capital requirements set by the PRA. The minimum requirements represent the total capital requirement to be met by CET1.

Creditor ranking at legal entity level

The following tables present information regarding the ranking of creditors in the liability structure of legal entities at 30 June 2019. The tables present the ranking of creditors of HSBC Holdings plc, its resolution entities, and their material sub-group entities. Nominal values are disclosed.

The main features of capital instruments disclosure for the Group, Asia and US resolution groups is published on our website, https://www.hsbc.com/investors/fixed-income-investors/regulatory-capital-securities.

European resolution group

The European resolution group comprises HSBC Holdings plc, the designated resolution entity, together with its material operating entities - namely HSBC Bank plc and its subsidiaries, and HSBC UK Bank plc and its subsidiaries. The following tables present information regarding the ranking of creditors of HSBC Holdings plc, HSBC Bank plc and HSBC UK Bank plc.

Table 44: HSBC Holdings plc creditor ranking (TLAC3)
			Creditor ranking ($m)								Sum of 1 to 4
			1		2		3		4
		Footnotes	(most junior)						(most senior)
1	Description of creditor ranking		Ordinary shares1		Preference shares and AT1 instruments		Subordinated notes		Senior notes and other pari passu liabilities
2	Total capital and liabilities net of credit risk mitigation		10,281		23,634		20,709		78,759		133,383
3	-  of row 2 that are excluded liabilities	2	-		-		-		293		293
4	Total capital and liabilities less excluded liabilities (row 2 minus row 3)		10,281		23,634		20,709		78,466		133,090
5	-  of row 4 that are potentially eligible as TLAC		10,281		23,634		20,709		77,304		131,928
6	-  of row 5 with 1 year ≤ residual maturity < 2 years		-		-		-		12,000		12,000
7	-  of row 5 with 2 years ≤ residual maturity < 5 years		-		-		2,000		29,635		31,635
8	-  of row 5 with 5 years ≤ residual maturity < 10 years		-		-		7,500		28,965		36,465
9	-  of row 5 with residual maturity ≥ 10 years, but excluding perpetual securities		-		-		10,309		6,704		17,013
10	-  of row 5 that are perpetual securities		10,281		23,634		900		-		34,815

1   Excludes the value of share premium and reserves attributable to ordinary shareholders.

2   Excluded liabilities are defined in CRR II Article 72a (2). The balance mainly relates to accruals for service company recharges.

Table 45: HSBC UK Bank plc creditor ranking (TLAC2)
			Creditor ranking ($m)								Sum of 1 to 4
			1		2		3		4
		Footnotes	(most junior)						(most senior)
1	Is the resolution entity the creditor/investor?	1	No		No		No		No
2	Description of creditor ranking		Ordinary  shares2		AT1 instruments		Subordinated loans		Senior subordinated loans
3	Total capital and liabilities net of credit risk mitigation		-		2,793		3,766		7,770		14,329
4	-  of row 3 that are excluded liabilities		-		-		-		-		-
5	Total capital and liabilities less excluded liabilities (row 3 minus row 4)		-		2,793		3,766		7,770		14,329
6	-  of row 5 that are eligible as TLAC		-		2,793		3,766		7,770		14,329
7	-  of row 6 with 1 year ≤ residual maturity < 2 years		-		-		-		-		-
8	-  of row 6 with 2 years ≤ residual maturity < 5 years		-		-		-		-		-
9	-  of row 6 with 5 years ≤ residual maturity < 10 years		-		-		1,667		2,544		4,211
10	-  of row 6 with residual maturity ≥ 10 years, but excluding perpetual securities		-		-		2,099		5,226		7,325
11	-  of row 6 that are perpetual securities		-		2,793		-		-		2,793

1   The entity's capital and TLAC are owned by HSBC UK Holdings Limited.

2   The nominal value of ordinary shares is £50,002. This excludes the value of share premium and reserves attributable to ordinary shareholders.

Table 46: HSBC Bank plc creditor ranking (TLAC2)
			Creditor ranking ($m)								Sum of 1 to 4
			1		2		3		4
		Footnotes	(most junior)						(most senior)
1	Is the resolution entity the creditor/investor?	1	No		No		No		No
2	Description of creditor ranking		Ordinary shares2		Third Dollar preference shares and AT1 instruments		Undated primary capital notes		Subordinated notes and subordinated loans
3	Total capital and liabilities net of credit risk mitigation		1,014		4,581		1,550		18,364		25,509
4	-  of row 3 that are excluded liabilities		-		-		-		-		-
5	Total capital and liabilities less excluded liabilities (row 3 minus row 4)		1,014		4,581		1,550		18,364		25,509
6	-  of row 5 that are eligible as TLAC		1,014		4,581		1,550		18,364		25,509
7	-  of row 6 with 1 year ≤ residual maturity < 2 years		-		-		-		450		450
8	-  of row 6 with 2 years ≤ residual maturity < 5 years		-		-		-		4,839		4,839
9	-  of row 6 with 5 years ≤ residual maturity < 10 years		-		-		-		9,672		9,672
10	-  of row 6 with residual maturity ≥ 10 years, but excluding perpetual securities		-		-		-		2,131		2,131
11	-  of row 6 that are perpetual securities		1,014		4,581		1,550		1,272		8,417

1   The entity's ordinary shares are owned by HSBC UK Holdings Limited. Other instruments are either owned by HSBC UK Holdings Limited or by third parties.

2   Excludes the value of share premium and reserves attributable to ordinary shareholders.

Asian resolution group

The Asian resolution group comprises HSBC Asia Holdings Ltd, The Hongkong & Shanghai Banking Corporation Limited, Hang Seng Bank Limited and their subsidiaries. HSBC Asia Holdings Ltd

is the designated resolution entity. The following table presents information regarding the ranking of creditors of HSBC Asia Holdings Limited.

Table 47: HSBC Asia Holdings Ltd creditor ranking¹ (TLAC3)
		Creditor ranking ($m)								Sum of 1 to 4
		1		2		3		4
		(most junior)						(most senior)
1	Description of creditor ranking	Ordinary shares2		AT1 instruments		Tier 2 instruments		LAC loans
2	Total capital and liabilities net of credit risk mitigation	56,587		5,700		1,780		21,187		85,254
3	-  of row 2 that are excluded liabilities	-		-		-		-		-
4	Total capital and liabilities less excluded liabilities (row 2 minus row 3)	56,587		5,700		1,780		21,187		85,254
5	-  of row 4 that are potentially eligible as TLAC	56,587		5,700		1,780		21,187		85,254
6	-  of row 5 with 1 year ≤ residual maturity < 2 years	-		-		-		-		-
7	-  of row 5 with 2 years ≤ residual maturity < 5 years	-		-		-		8,521		8,521
8	-  of row 5 with 5 years ≤ residual maturity < 10 years	-		-		-		10,666		10,666
9	-  of row 5 with residual maturity ≥ 10 years, but excluding perpetual securities	-		-		1,780		2,000		3,780
10	-  of row 5 that are perpetual securities	56,587		5,700		-		-		62,287

1   The entity's capital and TLAC are held by HSBC Holdings plc.

2   Excludes the value of share premium and reserves attributable to ordinary shareholders.

Within the Asian resolution group, the identified material sub-group entities are The Hongkong & Shanghai Banking Corporation Ltd and Hang Seng Bank Ltd. The following tables presents the make-up of their issued MREL and its ranking on a legal entity basis.

Table 48: The Hongkong and Shanghai Banking Corporation Ltd creditor ranking (TLAC2)
		Creditor ranking ($m)										Sum of 1 to 5
		1		2		3		4		5
		(most junior)								(most senior)
1	Is the resolution entity the creditor/investor?	Yes		Yes		No1		Yes		Yes
2	Description of creditor ranking	Ordinary shares2		AT1 instruments		Primary capital notes		Tier 2 instruments		LAC loans
3	Total capital and liabilities net of credit risk mitigation	22,069		5,700		400		1,780		21,187		51,136
4	-  of row 3 that are excluded liabilities	-		-		-		-		-		-
5	Total capital and liabilities less excluded liabilities (row 3 minus row 4)	22,069		5,700		400		1,780		21,187		51,136
6	-  of row 5 that are eligible as TLAC	22,069		5,700		-		1,780		21,187		50,736
7	-  of row 6 with 1 year ≤ residual maturity < 2 years	-		-		-		-		-		-
8	-  of row 6 with 2 years ≤ residual maturity < 5 years	-		-		-		-		8,521		8,521
9	-  of row 6 with 5 years ≤ residual maturity < 10 years	-		-		-		-		10,666		10,666
10	-  of row 6 with residual maturity ≥ 10 years, but excluding perpetual securities	-		-		-		1,780		2,000		3,780
11	-  of row 6 that are perpetual securities	22,069		5,700		-		-		-		27,769

1   The company's primary capital notes are held by third parties.

2   Excludes the value of share premium and reserves attributable to ordinary shareholders.

Table 49: Hang Seng Bank Ltd creditor ranking (TLAC2)
			Creditor ranking ($m)						Sum of 1 to 3
			1		2		3
		Footnotes	(most junior)				(most senior)
1	Is the resolution entity the creditor/investor?	1	No		No		No
2	Description of creditor ranking		Ordinary shares2		AT1 instruments		LAC loans
3	Total capital and liabilities net of credit risk mitigation		1,237		1,500		2,498		5,235
4	-  of row 3 that are excluded liabilities		-		-		-		-
5	Total capital and liabilities less excluded liabilities (row 3 minus row 4)		1,237		1,500		2,498		5,235
6	-  of row 5 that are eligible as TLAC		1,237		1,500		2,498		5,235
7	-  of row 6 with 1 year ≤ residual maturity < 2 years		-		-		-		-
8	-  of row 6 with 2 years ≤ residual maturity < 5 years		-		-		-		-
9	-  of row 6 with 5 years ≤ residual maturity < 10 years		-		-		2,098		2,098
10	-  of row 6 with residual maturity ≥ 10 years, but excluding perpetual securities		-		-		400		400
11	-  of row 6 that are perpetual securities		1,237		1,500		-		2,737

1   62.14% of Hang Seng Bank Limited's ordinary share capital is owned by The Hongkong and Shanghai Banking Corporation Limited. Hang Seng Bank Limited's other TLAC eligible securities are directly held by The Hongkong and Shanghai Banking Corporation Limited.

2   Excludes the value of reserves attributable to ordinary shareholders.

US resolution group

The US resolution group comprises HSBC North America Holdings Inc. and its subsidiaries. HSBC North America Holdings Inc. is the

designated resolution entity. The following table presents information regarding the ranking of creditors of HSBC North America Holdings Inc.

Table 50: HSBC North America Holdings Inc. creditor ranking¹ (TLAC3)
			Creditor ranking ($m)								Sum of 1 to 4
			1		2		3		4
		Footnotes	(most junior)						(most senior)
1	Description of creditor ranking		Common stock2		Preferred stock		Subordinated loans		Senior unsecured loans and other pari passu liabilities
2	Total capital and liabilities net of credit risk mitigation		-		2,240		2,850		8,530		13,620
3	-  of row 2 that are excluded liabilities	3	-		-		-		377		377
4	Total capital and liabilities less excluded liabilities (row 2 minus row 3)		-		2,240		2,850		8,153		13,243
5	-  of row 4 that are potentially eligible as TLAC		-		2,240		2,850		8,000		13,090
6	-  of row 5 with 1 year ≤ residual maturity < 2 years		-		-		-		-		-
7	-  of row 5 with 2 years ≤ residual maturity < 5 years		-		-		-		3,500		3,500
8	-  of row 5 with 5 years ≤ residual maturity < 10 years		-		-		2,850		4,500		7,350
9	-  of row 5 with residual maturity ≥ 10 years, but excluding perpetual securities		-		-		-		-		-
10	-  of row 5 that are perpetual securities		-		2,240		-		-		2,240

1   The entity's capital and TLAC are held by HSBC Overseas Holdings (UK) Limited.

2   The nominal value of common stock is $2. This excludes the value of share premium and reserves attributable to ordinary shareholders.

3   Excluded liabilities consists of 'unrelated liabilities' as defined in the Final US TLAC rules. This mainly represents accrued employee benefit obligations.

 

Other information

Abbreviations

The following abbreviated terms are used throughout this document.

Currencies
$	US dollar
A
AIRB	Advanced IRB
AT1 capital	Additional tier 1 capital
B
BCBS/Basel Committee	Basel Committee on Banking Supervision
BoE	Bank of England
C
CCF1	Credit conversion factor
CCP	Central counterparty
CCR1	Counterparty credit risk
CCyB1	Countercyclical capital buffer
CDS1	Credit default swap
CET11	Common equity tier 1
CIU	Collective investment undertakings
CMB	Commercial Banking, a global business
CRD IV1	Capital Requirements Regulation and Directive
CRM	Credit risk mitigation/mitigant
CRR II	Revisions to Capital Requirements Regulation
CRR III	Revisions to EU legislation for Basel III reforms
CVA	Credit valuation adjustment
E
EAD1	Exposure at default
EBA	European Banking Authority
ECL	Expected credit loss
EU	European Union
F
FIRB	Foundation IRB
FRTB	Fundamental review of the trading book
FSB	Financial Stability Board
FSEs	Financial Sector Entities
G
GAC	Group Audit Committee
GRC	Group Risk Committee
Group	HSBC Holdings together with its subsidiary undertakings
G-SIB1	Global systemically important bank
G-SII	Global systemically important institution
H
HKMA	Hong Kong Monetary Authority
HMT	Her Majesty's Treasury
Hong Kong	The Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of the People's Republic of China
HSBC	HSBC Holdings together with its subsidiary undertakings
I
IAA1	Internal assessment approach
IFRSs	International Financial Reporting Standards
IMA	Internal models approach
IMM1	Internal model method
IRB1/RBA	Internal ratings based approach
IRC1	Incremental risk charge
L
LCR	Liquidity coverage ratio
LGD1	Loss given default
M
MENA	Middle East and North Africa
MREL	Minimum requirement for own funds and eligible liabilities
N
NCOA	Non-credit obligation asset
O
OTC1	Over-the-counter
P
PD1	Probability of default
PRA1	Prudential Regulation Authority (UK)
Q
QCCPs	Qualifying central counterparties
R
RAS	Risk appetite statement
RBM1	Ratings based method
RBWM	Retail Banking and Wealth Management, a global business
RMM	Risk Management Meeting of the Group Management Board
RNIV	Risks not in VaR
RW	Risk weights
RWA1	Risk-weighted asset
S
SA/STD1	Standardised approach
SA-CCR	Standardised approach for counterparty credit risk
SFM1	Supervisory formula method
SFT1	Securities financing transactions
SIC	Securities Investment Conduit
SME	Small-and medium-sized enterprise
SPE1	Special purpose entity
SSFA/SFA	Simplified supervisory formula approach
SVaR	Stressed value at risk
T
TLAC1	Total loss absorbing capacity
T1 capital	Tier 1 capital
T2 capital	Tier 2 capital
U
UK	United Kingdom
US	United States
V
VaR1	Value at risk

1   Full definition included in the Glossary published on HSBC website www.hsbc.com/investor-relations/group-results-and-reporting.

Cautionary statement regarding forward- looking statements

These Pillar 3 Disclosures at 30 June 2019 contain certain forward-looking statements with respect to HSBC's financial condition, results of operations and business, including the strategic priorities and 2020 financial, investment and capital targets described herein.

Statements that are not historical facts, including statements about HSBC's beliefs and expectations, are forward-looking statements. Words such as 'expects', 'targets', 'anticipates', 'intends', 'plans', 'believes', 'seeks', 'estimates', 'potential' and 'reasonably possible', variations of these words and similar expressions are intended to identify forward-looking statements. These statements are based on current plans, estimates and projections, and therefore undue reliance should not be placed on them. Forward-looking statements speak only as of the date they are made. HSBC makes no commitment to revise or update any forward-looking statements to reflect events or circumstances occurring or existing after the date of any forward-looking statements.

Written and/or oral forward-looking statements may also be made in the periodic reports to the US Securities and Exchange Commission, summary financial statements to shareholders, proxy statements, offering circulars and prospectuses, press releases and other written materials, and in oral statements made by HSBC's Directors, officers or employees to third parties, including financial analysts.

Forward-looking statements involve inherent risks and uncertainties. Readers are cautioned that a number of factors could cause actual results to differ, in some instances materially, from those anticipated or implied in any forward-looking statement. These include, but are not limited to:

•    changes in general economic conditions in the markets in which we operate, such as continuing or deepening recessions and fluctuations in employment beyond those factored into consensus forecasts; changes in foreign exchange rates and interest rates; volatility in equity markets; lack of liquidity in wholesale funding markets; illiquidity and downward price pressure in national real estate markets; adverse changes in central banks' policies with respect to the provision of liquidity support to financial markets; heightened market concerns over sovereign creditworthiness in over-indebted countries; adverse changes in the funding status of public or private defined benefit pensions; consumer perception as to the continuing availability of credit and price competition in the market segments we serve; and deviations from the market and economic assumptions that form the basis for our ECL measurements;

•    changes in government policy and regulation, including the monetary, interest rate and other policies of central banks and other regulatory authorities; initiatives to change the size, scope of activities and interconnectedness of financial institutions in connection with the implementation of stricter regulation of financial institutions in key markets worldwide; revised capital and liquidity benchmarks, which could serve to deleverage bank balance sheets and lower returns available from the current business model and portfolio mix; imposition of levies or taxes designed to change business mix and risk appetite; the practices, pricing or responsibilities of financial institutions serving their consumer markets; expropriation, nationalisation, confiscation of assets and changes in legislation relating to foreign ownership; changes in bankruptcy legislation in the principal markets in which we operate and the consequences thereof; general changes in government policy that may significantly influence investor decisions; extraordinary government actions as a result of current market turmoil; other unfavourable political or diplomatic developments producing social instability or legal uncertainty, which in turn may affect demand for our products and services; the costs, effects and outcomes of product regulatory reviews, actions or litigation, including any additional compliance requirements; and the effects of competition in the markets where we operate including increased competition from non-bank financial services companies, including securities firms; and

•    factors specific to HSBC, including our success in adequately identifying the risks we face, such as the incidence of loan losses or delinquency, and managing those risks (through account management, hedging and other techniques). Effective risk management depends on, among other things, our ability through stress testing and other techniques to prepare for events that cannot be captured by the statistical models it uses; our success in addressing operational, legal and regulatory, and litigation challenges; and the other risks and uncertainties we identify in 'Top and emerging risks' on pages 16 and 17 of the Interim Report 2019.

 

Contacts

Enquiries relating to HSBC's strategy or operations may be directed to:

Richard O'Connor Global Head of Investor Relations HSBC Holdings plc 8 Canada Square London E14 5HQ United Kingdom	Hugh Pye Head of Investor Relations, Asia-Pacific The Hongkong and Shanghai Banking Corporation Limited 1 Queen's Road Central Hong Kong
Telephone: [phone]	Telephone: [phone]
Email: [e-mail]	Email: [e-mail]

 

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