2023 Half-Year Results - Part 2 of 2

Lloyds Banking Group PLC

26 July 2023

Lloyds Banking Group plc

2023 Half-Year Results

26 July 2023

Part 2 of 2

STATUTORY INFORMATION

Condensed consolidated half-year financial statements (unaudited)
Consolidated income statement		64
Consolidated statement of comprehensive income		65
Consolidated balance sheet		66
Consolidated statement of changes in equity		68
Consolidated cash flow statement		71

Notes
1	Basis of preparation and accounting policies	72
2	Critical accounting judgements and key sources of estimation uncertainty	74
3	Segmental analysis	75
4	Net fee and commission income	78
5	Insurance revenue	78
6	Insurance service expense	80
7	Net investment return on assets held to back insurance contracts and participating investment contracts and net finance (expense) income	81
8	Operating expenses	82
9	Impairment	83
10	Tax expense	84
11	Earnings per share	84
12	Fair values of financial assets and liabilities	85
13	Derivative financial instruments	91
14	Loans and advances to customers	92
15	Credit quality of loans and advances to customers	94
16	Allowance for expected credit losses	98
17	Debt securities in issue	107
18	Measurement components of insurance contracts and participating investment contracts	108
19	Retirement benefit obligations	109
20	Other provisions	110
21	Contingent liabilities, commitments and guarantees	111
22	Interest rate benchmark reform	113
23	Dividends on ordinary shares and share buyback	113
24	Implementation of IFRS 17 Insurance contracts	114
25	Impact on balance sheet as at 1 January 2022	118
26	Other information	120

CONSOLIDATED INCOME STATEMENT (UNAUDITED)

	Note	Half-year to 30 Jun 2023 £m	Half-year to 30 Jun 2022¹ £m	Half-year to 31 Dec 2022¹ £m

Interest income		13,048	7,429	10,216
Interest expense		(6,250)	(1,392)	(3,331)
Net interest income		6,798	6,037	6,885
Fee and commission income		1,426	1,370	1,420
Fee and commission expense		(539)	(521)	(549)
Net fee and commission income	4	887	849	871
Net trading income (losses)		6,161	(19,302)	(685)
Insurance revenue	5	1,450	1,201	1,260
Insurance service expense	6	(1,238)	(1,447)	(2,416)
Net income (losses) from reinsurance contracts held		11	(6)	68
Insurance service result		223	(252)	(1,088)
Other operating income		826	675	664
Other income		8,097	(18,030)	(238)
Total income		14,895	(11,993)	6,647
Net finance (expense) income from insurance, participating investment and reinsurance contracts	7	(3,769)	14,300	1,593
Movement in third party interests in consolidated funds		(332)	1,163	(128)
Change in non-participating investment contracts		(1,488)	4,478	(519)
Total income, after net finance (expense) income in respect of insurance and investment contracts		9,306	7,948	7,593
Operating expenses	8	(4,774)	(4,418)	(4,819)
Impairment	9	(662)	(381)	(1,141)
Profit before tax		3,870	3,149	1,633
Tax expense	10	(1,006)	(702)	(157)
Profit for the period		2,864	2,447	1,476

Profit attributable to ordinary shareholders		2,572	2,190	1,199
Profit attributable to other equity holders		255	214	224
Profit attributable to equity holders		2,827	2,404	1,423
Profit attributable to non-controlling interests		37	43	53
Profit for the period		2,864	2,447	1,476

Basic earnings per share	11	3.9p	3.1p	1.8p
Diluted earnings per share	11	3.8p	3.1p	1.8p

¹ Restated for presentational changes and for the adoption of IFRS 17; see notes 1, 24 and 25.

The accompanying notes are an integral part of the condensed consolidated half-year financial statements.

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (UNAUDITED)

	Half-year to 30 Jun 2023 £m	Half-year to 30 Jun 2022¹ £m	Half-year to 31 Dec 2022¹ £m

Profit for the period	2,864	2,447	1,476
Other comprehensive income
Items that will not subsequently be reclassified to profit or loss:
Post-retirement defined benefit scheme remeasurements:
Remeasurements before tax	(119)	(382)	(2,630)
Tax	27	175	685
	(92)	(207)	(1,945)
Movements in revaluation reserve in respect of equity shares held at fair value through other comprehensive income:
Change in fair value	(48)	33	11
Tax	-	(1)	4
	(48)	32	15
Gains and losses attributable to own credit risk:
(Losses) gains before tax	(85)	421	98
Tax	24	(127)	(28)
	(61)	294	70
Items that may subsequently be reclassified to profit or loss:
Movements in revaluation reserve in respect of debt securities held at fair value through other comprehensive income:
Change in fair value	157	(27)	(106)
Income statement transfers in respect of disposals	(107)	(45)	(47)
Income statement transfers in respect of impairment	(2)	-	6
Tax	(13)	25	37
	35	(47)	(110)
Movements in cash flow hedging reserve:
Effective portion of changes in fair value taken to other comprehensive income	(1,644)	(3,553)	(3,437)
Net income statement transfers	756	(186)	229
Tax	244	1,011	917
	(644)	(2,728)	(2,291)
Movements in foreign currency translation reserve:
Currency translation differences (tax: £nil)	(66)	46	70
Transfers to income statement (tax: £nil)	-	-	(31)
	(66)	46	39
Total other comprehensive loss for the period, net of tax	(876)	(2,610)	(4,222)
Total comprehensive income (loss) for the period	1,988	(163)	(2,746)

Total comprehensive income (loss) attributable to ordinary shareholders	1,696	(420)	(3,023)
Total comprehensive income attributable to other equity holders	255	214	224
Total comprehensive income (loss) attributable to equity holders	1,951	(206)	(2,799)
Total comprehensive income attributable to non-controlling interests	37	43	53
Total comprehensive income (loss) for the period	1,988	(163)	(2,746)

¹ Restated for the adoption of IFRS 17; see notes 1, 24 and 25.

The accompanying notes are an integral part of the condensed consolidated half-year financial statements.

CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEET (UNAUDITED)

	Note	At 30 Jun 2023 £m		At 31 Dec 2022¹ £m

Assets
Cash and balances at central banks			95,522	91,388
Financial assets at fair value through profit or loss			191,525	180,769
Derivative financial instruments	13		23,670	24,753
Loans and advances to banks			11,333	10,632
Loans and advances to customers	14		450,720	454,899
Reverse repurchase agreements			36,006	44,865
Debt securities			12,849	9,926
Financial assets at amortised cost			510,908	520,322
Financial assets at fair value through other comprehensive income			22,232	23,154
Goodwill and other intangible assets			8,203	7,615
Current tax recoverable			970	612
Deferred tax assets			6,210	6,422
Retirement benefit assets	19		4,685	3,823
Other assets			18,879	14,536
Total assets			882,804	873,394

¹ Restated for presentational changes and for the adoption of IFRS 17; see notes 1, 24 and 25.

The accompanying notes are an integral part of the condensed consolidated half-year financial statements.

CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEET (UNAUDITED) (continued)

	Note	At 30 Jun 2023 £m		At 31 Dec 2022¹ £m

Liabilities
Deposits from banks			6,222	7,266
Customer deposits			469,813	475,331
Repurchase agreements at amortised cost			44,622	48,596
Financial liabilities at fair value through profit or loss			23,777	17,755
Derivative financial instruments	13		23,662	24,042
Notes in circulation			1,342	1,280
Debt securities in issue	17		79,264	73,819
Liabilities arising from insurance contracts and participating investment contracts			113,566	110,278
Liabilities arising from non-participating investment contracts			41,943	39,476
Other liabilities			22,303	18,764
Retirement benefit obligations	19		120	126
Current tax liabilities			25	8
Deferred tax liabilities			181	209
Other provisions	20		1,625	1,803
Subordinated liabilities			9,857	10,730
Total liabilities			838,322	829,483

Equity
Share capital			6,464	6,729
Share premium account			18,557	18,504
Other reserves			6,191	6,587
Retained profits			6,079	6,550
Ordinary shareholders' equity			37,291	38,370
Other equity instruments			6,940	5,297
Total equity excluding non-controlling interests			44,231	43,667
Non-controlling interests			251	244
Total equity			44,482	43,911
Total equity and liabilities			882,804	873,394

¹ Restated for presentational changes and for the adoption of IFRS 17; see notes 1, 24 and 25.

The accompanying notes are an integral part of the condensed consolidated half-year financial statements.

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF CHANGES IN EQUITY (UNAUDITED)

	Attributable to ordinary shareholders
	Share capital and premium £m	Other reserves £m	Retained profits £m	Total £m	Other equity instruments £m		Non- controlling interests £m		Total £m

At 31 December 2022	25,233	6,602	10,145	41,980		5,297		244	47,521
Adjustment on adoption of IFRS 17	-	(15)	(3,595)	(3,610)		-		-	(3,610)
At 1 January 2023	25,233	6,587	6,550	38,370		5,297		244	43,911
Comprehensive income
Profit for the period	-	-	2,572	2,572		255		37	2,864
Other comprehensive income
Post-retirement defined benefit scheme remeasurements, net of tax	-	-	(92)	(92)		-		-	(92)
Movements in revaluation reserve in respect of financial assets held at fair value through other comprehensive income, net of tax:
Debt securities	-	35	-	35		-		-	35
Equity shares	-	(48)	-	(48)		-		-	(48)
Gains and losses attributable to own credit risk, net of tax	-	-	(61)	(61)		-		-	(61)
Movements in cash flow hedging reserve, net of tax	-	(644)	-	(644)		-		-	(644)
Movements in foreign currency translation reserve, net of tax	-	(66)	-	(66)		-		-	(66)
Total other comprehensive income	-	(723)	(153)	(876)		-		-	(876)
Total comprehensive income¹	-	(723)	2,419	1,696		255		37	1,988
Transactions with owners
Dividends	-	-	(1,059)	(1,059)		-		(30)	(1,089)
Distributions on other equity instruments	-	-	-	-		(255)		-	(255)
Issue of ordinary shares	115	-	-	115		-		-	115
Share buyback	(327)	327	(2,020)	(2,020)		-		-	(2,020)
Issue of other equity instruments	-	-	(6)	(6)		1,778		-	1,772
Repurchases and redemptions of other equity instruments	-	-	-	-		(135)		-	(135)
Movement in treasury shares	-	-	101	101		-		-	101
Value of employee services:
Share option schemes	-	-	23	23		-		-	23
Other employee award schemes	-	-	71	71		-		-	71
Changes in non-controlling interests	-	-	-	-		-		-	-
Total transactions with owners	(212)	327	(2,890)	(2,775)		1,388		(30)	(1,417)
Realised gains and losses on equity shares held at fair value through other comprehensive income	-	-	-	-		-		-	-
At 30 June 2023²	25,021	6,191	6,079	37,291		6,940		251	44,482

¹ Total comprehensive income attributable to owners of the parent was £1,951 million.

² Total equity attributable to owners of the parent was £44,231 million.

The accompanying notes are an integral part of the condensed consolidated half-year financial statements.

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF CHANGES IN EQUITY (UNAUDITED) (continued)

	Attributable to ordinary shareholders
	Share capital and premium £m	Other reserves £m	Retained profits £m	Total £m	Other equity instruments £m	Non- controlling interests £m	Total £m

At 31 December 2021	25,581	11,189	10,241	47,011	5,906	235	53,152
Adjustment on adoption of IFRS 17	-	(12)	(1,923)	(1,935)	-	-	(1,935)
At 1 January 2022	25,581	11,177	8,318	45,076	5,906	235	51,217
Comprehensive income
Profit for the period¹	-	-	2,190	2,190	214	43	2,447
Other comprehensive income
Post-retirement defined benefit scheme remeasurements, net of tax	-	-	(207)	(207)	-	-	(207)
Movements in revaluation reserve in respect of financial assets held at fair value through other comprehensive income, net of tax:
Debt securities	-	(47)	-	(47)	-	-	(47)
Equity shares	-	32	-	32	-	-	32
Gains and losses attributable to own credit risk, net of tax	-	-	294	294	-	-	294
Movements in cash flow hedging reserve, net of tax	-	(2,728)	-	(2,728)	-	-	(2,728)
Movements in foreign currency translation reserve, net of tax¹	-	46	-	46	-	-	46
Total other comprehensive (loss) income	-	(2,697)	87	(2,610)	-	-	(2,610)
Total comprehensive (loss) income²	-	(2,697)	2,277	(420)	214	43	(163)
Transactions with owners
Dividends	-	-	(930)	(930)	-	(61)	(991)
Distributions on other equity instruments	-	-	-	-	(214)	-	(214)
Issue of ordinary shares	89	-	-	89	-	-	89
Share buyback	(272)	272	(1,836)	(1,836)	-	-	(1,836)
Repurchases and redemptions of other equity instruments	-	-	(17)	(17)	(421)	-	(438)
Movement in treasury shares¹	-	-	(55)	(55)	-	-	(55)
Value of employee services:
Share option schemes	-	-	24	24	-	-	24
Other employee award schemes	-	-	88	88	-	-	88
Changes in non-controlling interests	-	-	(3)	(3)	-	2	(1)
Total transactions with owners	(183)	272	(2,729)	(2,640)	(635)	(59)	(3,334)
Realised gains and losses on equity shares held at fair value through other comprehensive income	-	1	(1)	-	-	-	-
At 30 June 2022³	25,398	8,753	7,865	42,016	5,485	219	47,720

¹ Restated for the adoption of IFRS 17; see notes 1, 24 and 25.

² Total comprehensive income attributable to owners of the parent was a loss of £206 million.

³ Total equity attributable to owners of the parent was £47,501 million.

The accompanying notes are an integral part of the condensed consolidated half-year financial statements.

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF CHANGES IN EQUITY (UNAUDITED) (continued)

	Attributable to ordinary shareholders
	Share capital and premium £m	Other reserves £m	Retained profits £m	Total £m	Other equity instruments £m	Non- controlling interests £m	Total £m

At 30 June 2022 (previously reported)	25,398	8,779	10,194	44,371	5,485	219	50,075
Adjustment on adoption of IFRS 17	-	(26)	(2,329)	(2,355)	-	-	(2,355)
At 1 July 2022	25,398	8,753	7,865	42,016	5,485	219	47,720
Comprehensive income
Profit for the period¹	-	-	1,199	1,199	224	53	1,476
Other comprehensive income
Post-retirement defined benefit scheme remeasurements, net of tax	-	-	(1,945)	(1,945)	-	-	(1,945)
Movements in revaluation reserve in respect of financial assets held at fair value through other comprehensive income, net of tax:
Debt securities	-	(110)	-	(110)	-	-	(110)
Equity shares	-	15	-	15	-	-	15
Gains and losses attributable to own credit risk, net of tax	-	-	70	70	-	-	70
Movements in cash flow hedging reserve, net of tax	-	(2,291)	-	(2,291)	-	-	(2,291)
Movements in foreign currency translation reserve, net of tax¹	-	39	-	39	-	-	39
Total other comprehensive loss	-	(2,347)	(1,875)	(4,222)	-	-	(4,222)
Total comprehensive (loss) income²	-	(2,347)	(676)	(3,023)	224	53	(2,746)
Transactions with owners
Dividends	-	-	(545)	(545)	-	(31)	(576)
Distributions on other equity instruments	-	-	-	-	(224)	-	(224)
Issue of ordinary shares	16	-	-	16	-	-	16
Share buyback	(181)	181	(177)	(177)	-	-	(177)
Issue of other equity instruments	-	-	(5)	(5)	750	-	745
Repurchases and redemptions of other equity instruments	-	-	(19)	(19)	(938)	-	(957)
Movement in treasury shares¹	-	-	(5)	(5)	-	-	(5)
Value of employee services:
Share option schemes	-	-	17	17	-	-	17
Other employee award schemes	-	-	95	95	-	-	95
Changes in non-controlling interests	-	-	-	-	-	3	3
Total transactions with owners	(165)	181	(639)	(623)	(412)	(28)	(1,063)
Realised gains and losses on equity shares held at fair value through other comprehensive income	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
At 31 December 2022³	25,233	6,587	6,550	38,370	5,297	244	43,911

¹ Restated for the adoption of IFRS 17; see notes 1, 24 and 25.

² Total comprehensive income attributable to owners of the parent was a loss of £2,799 million.

³ Total equity attributable to owners of the parent was £43,667 million.

The accompanying notes are an integral part of the condensed consolidated half-year financial statements.

CONSOLIDATED CASH FLOW STATEMENT (UNAUDITED)

	Half-year to 30 Jun 2023 £m	Half-year to 30 Jun 2022¹ £m	Half-year to 31 Dec 2022¹ £m

Cash flows from operating activities
Profit before tax	3,870	3,149	1,633
Adjustments for:
Change in operating assets	(589)	1,285	15,450
Change in operating liabilities	10,162	10,036	(8,555)
Non-cash and other items	2,222	(1,916)	1,672
Tax paid (net)	(861)	(504)	(239)
Net cash provided by operating activities	14,804	12,050	9,961
Cash flows from investing activities
Purchase of financial assets	(3,850)	(2,386)	(5,598)
Proceeds from sale and maturity of financial assets	3,657	5,308	5,864
Purchase of fixed assets	(3,378)	(1,646)	(2,209)
Proceeds from sale of fixed assets	534	707	843
Repayment of capital by joint ventures and associates	9	36	-
Acquisition of businesses, net of cash acquired	(28)	(381)	(28)
Net cash (used in) provided by investing activities	(3,056)	1,638	(1,128)
Cash flows from financing activities
Dividends paid to ordinary shareholders	(1,059)	(930)	(545)
Distributions in respect of other equity instruments	(255)	(214)	(224)
Distributions in respect of non-controlling interests	(30)	(61)	(31)
Interest paid on subordinated liabilities	(344)	(387)	(216)
Proceeds from issue of subordinated liabilities	746	-	838
Proceeds from issue of other equity instruments	1,772	-	745
Proceeds from issue of ordinary shares	70	17	14
Share buyback	(1,523)	(1,836)	(177)
Repayment of subordinated liabilities	(1,162)	(1,644)	(572)
Repurchases and redemptions of other equity instruments	(135)	(438)	(957)
Change in stake of non-controlling interests	-	2	3
Net cash used in financing activities	(1,920)	(5,491)	(1,122)
Effects of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents	(493)	594	133
Change in cash and cash equivalents	9,335	8,791	7,844
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period	95,829	79,194	87,985
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period	105,164	87,985	95,829

¹ Restated for presentational changes and for the adoption of IFRS 17; see notes 1, 24 and 25.

The accompanying notes are an integral part of the condensed consolidated half-year financial statements.

Cash and cash equivalents comprise cash and non-mandatory balances with central banks and amounts due from banks with an original maturity of less than three months. Included within cash and cash equivalents at 30 June 2023 is £45 million (30 June 2022: £74 million; 31 December 2022: £37 million) held within the Group's long-term insurance and investments operations, which is not immediately available for use in the business.

NOTES TO THE CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED HALF-YEAR FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Note 1: Basis of preparation and accounting policies

These condensed consolidated half-year financial statements as at and for the period to 30 June 2023 have been prepared in accordance with the Disclosure Guidance and Transparency Rules of the Financial Conduct Authority (FCA) and with International Accounting Standard 34 (IAS 34), Interim Financial Reporting as adopted by the United Kingdom and comprise the results of Lloyds Banking Group plc (the Company) together with its subsidiaries (the Group). They do not include all of the information required for full annual financial statements and should be read in conjunction with the Group's consolidated financial statements as at and for the year ended 31 December 2022 which complied with international accounting standards in conformity with the requirements of the Companies Act 2006 and were prepared in accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) as issued by the International Accounting Standards Board (IASB). Copies of the 2022 Annual Report and Accounts are available on the Group's website and are also available upon request from Investor Relations, Lloyds Banking Group plc, 25 Gresham Street, London EC2V 7HN.

The UK Finance Code for Financial Reporting Disclosure (the Disclosure Code) sets out disclosure principles together with supporting guidance in respect of the financial statements of UK banks. The Group has adopted the Disclosure Code and these condensed consolidated half-year financial statements have been prepared in compliance with the Disclosure Code's principles. Terminology used in these condensed consolidated half-year financial statements is consistent with that used in the Group's 2022 Annual Report and Accounts.

The directors consider that it is appropriate to continue to adopt the going concern basis in preparing these condensed consolidated half-year financial statements. In reaching this assessment, the directors have taken into account the uncertainties affecting the UK economy and their potential effects upon the Group's performance and projected funding and capital position; the impact of further stress scenarios has also been considered. On this basis, the directors are satisfied that the Group will maintain adequate levels of funding and capital for the foreseeable future.

Except for accounting policies and methods of computation affected by IFRS 17 and the IAS 12 exception relating to the recognition and disclosure of the implication of certain potential deferred tax consequences, the Group's accounting policies are consistent with those applied by the Group in its financial statements for the year ended 31 December 2022 and there have been no changes in the Group's methods of computation. Following amendments to IAS 12 by the IASB (International Tax Reform - Pillar Two Model Rules, issued in May 2023) entities are not permitted to disclose information about deferred tax assets and liabilities related to the Organisation for Economic, Co-operation and Development's Pillar Two Model Rules, including any qualified domestic minimum top-up taxes. No changes arise to the Group's deferred tax assets or liabilities as a result of the Group having applied the relevant exception. The changes relating to IFRS 17 are set out in note 24.

Presentational changes

Changes have been made to the presentation of the Group's income statement and the Group's balance sheet arising from the adoption of IFRS 17. Further information on the balance sheet presentational changes is set out in note 25.

In addition to the impact of IFRS 17, the following changes have been made to the presentation of the Group's income statement and balance sheet:

• movement in third party interests in consolidated funds are presented separately on the face of the income statement rather than within interest expense. There is no change to the balance sheet presentation of the third party interests;

• items in the course of collection from banks are reported within other assets rather than separately on the face of the balance sheet;

• investments in joint ventures and associates are reported within other assets rather than separately on the face of the balance sheet;

• goodwill and other intangible assets are aggregated on the face of the balance sheet; and

• items in the course of transmission to banks are reported within other liabilities rather than separately on the face of the balance sheet.

Except for the impact of IFRS 17, there has been no change in the basis of accounting for any of the underlying transactions. Comparatives have been presented on a consistent basis.

NOTES TO THE CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED HALF-YEAR FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)

Note 1: Basis of preparation and accounting policies (continued)

IFRS 17 Insurance Contracts

On 1 January 2023, the Group adopted IFRS 17 Insurance Contracts, which replaced IFRS 4 Insurance Contracts. A summary of the impact is set out below with further information included in note 24.

IFRS 17 establishes principles for the recognition, measurement, presentation and disclosure of insurance contracts, including reinsurance contracts issued, participating investment contracts and reinsurance contracts held.

The Group's change in accounting policies arising from the adoption of IFRS 17 has been made in accordance with the transitional provisions of the standard. IFRS 17 requires a full retrospective approach unless it is impracticable to do so. Under the full retrospective approach, transition impacts are calculated as if IFRS 17 had always applied and it prohibits use of hindsight. This requires having full and granular data on assumptions and cash flows so that, at the point of contract recognition, the IFRS 17 contract value and contractual service margin (CSM) can be calculated and revalued up to the point of transition. If it is impracticable to apply IFRS 17 retrospectively, a choice is permitted between a modified retrospective approach, provided qualifying conditions are met, or a fair value approach. The different approaches can be applied to different groups of insurance contracts.

On transition, the Group used the full retrospective approach for business written since 1 January 2016 using Solvency II modelling tools developed when Solvency II was implemented, which are only available to support the calculation of IFRS 17 results from that date. The full retrospective approach was deemed impracticable for contracts initially recognised prior to 1 January 2016 as the models required to calculate the risk adjustment were not in use within the business prior to this date. The Group has decided to use the fair value approach for business initially recognised prior to 2016, and valuations supporting Solvency II at the transition date were used to support the fair value calculation for transition for that business.

Changes have also been made to the Group's cash flow statement arising from the adoption of IFRS 17. As noted below, IFRS 17 has required several measurement changes to the balance sheet including the derecognition of the value of in-force asset, the measurement of contract liabilities on a probability-weighted basis and the creation of a CSM liability. These changes, together with the presentation of the change in insurance contract liabilities within the change in operating liabilities, have resulted in a restatement of the adjustment for changes in both operating assets and liabilities as well as non-cash and other items. There has been no change to the cash and cash equivalents at 30 June 2022 or 31 December 2022.

On transition to IFRS 17, the Group's total equity at 1 January 2022 was reduced by £1,935 million from £53,152 million under IFRS 4 to £51,217 million under IFRS 17. The reduction in equity is primarily driven by the derecognition of the value in-force (VIF) asset, the move to a probability-weighted estimate (expected value) of contract liabilities, the creation of the new CSM liability (£1,927 million, net of reinsurance) and the establishment of the risk adjustment (£1,492 million, net of reinsurance). Refer to note 25 for the full impact of IFRS 17 on the Group's balance sheet.

The CSM at the transition date is released to the income statement in future periods as insurance contract services are provided. The table below summarises the approach the Group has applied to groups of insurance contracts at the transition date and the resulting CSM.

		CSM at transition date
Year contracts initially recognised	Transition approach	£m	%

Contracts initially recognised prior to 1 January 2016	Fair value approach	1,419	74
Contracts initially recognised after 1 January 2016	Full retrospective approach	508	26
		1,927	100

At 31 December 2022, total equity is also impacted by the restatement of the income statement for the year ended 31 December 2022, resulting in a further reduction of £1,632 million in retained profits. This arose from the impact of revised income recognition requirements, changes in interest rates during 2022 and the effect of contract modifications. There is a further reduction in total equity of £43 million in respect of the foreign currency translation reserve and the reclassification of treasury shares on transition to IFRS 17. Total equity at 31 December 2022 reduced by £3,610 million, from £47,521 million under IFRS 4 to £43,911 million under IFRS 17.

NOTES TO THE CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED HALF-YEAR FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)

Note 1: Basis of preparation and accounting policies (continued)

Whilst IFRS 17 does not change the total profit recognised over the life of an insurance contract or participating investment contract, it does change both the phasing of profit recognition and the amounts recognised within individual income statement line items, including other income and operating expenses. Under IFRS 17, the Group is required to defer substantially all of the expected profit through the recognition of a CSM on the balance sheet; the CSM is subsequently released to the income statement over the coverage period of the product. The expected profit includes estimated future premiums and claims together with expected administration costs such as claims handling costs, costs incurred to provide contractual policyholder benefits and policy administration and maintenance costs.

The impact of IFRS 17 on the Group's results for the half-year to 30 June 2022 was to reduce profit before tax by £512 million and reduce profit after tax by £379 million compared to results reported under IFRS 4. The impact of IFRS 17 on the Group's results for the half-year to 31 December 2022, was to reduce profit before tax by £1,634 million, and reduce profit after tax by £1,253 million.

Future accounting developments

The IASB has issued a number of minor amendments to IFRSs effective 1 January 2024, including IFRS 16 Lease liability in a sale and leaseback, IAS 1 Non-current liabilities with covenants, and IAS 1 Classification of liabilities as current or non-current. These amendments are not expected to have a significant impact on the Group and, apart from the amendments relating to IFRS 16 Lease liability in a sale and leaseback, have not been endorsed for use in the UK.

Related party transactions

The Group has had no significant related party transactions during the half-year to 30 June 2023. Related party transactions for the half-year to 30 June 2023 are similar in nature to those for the year ended 31 December 2022. Full details of the Group's related party transactions for the year ended 31 December 2022 can be found in the Group's 2022 Annual Report and Accounts.

Note 2: Critical accounting judgements and key sources of estimation uncertainty

The preparation of the Group's financial statements in accordance with IFRS requires management to make judgements, estimates and assumptions in applying the accounting policies that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, income and expenses. Due to the inherent uncertainty in making estimates, actual results reported in future periods may be based upon amounts which differ from these estimates. Estimates, judgements and assumptions are continually evaluated and are based on historical experience and other factors, including expectations of future events that are believed to be reasonable under the circumstances. In preparing the financial statements, the Group has considered the impact of climate-related risks on its financial position and performance. While the effects of climate change represent a source of uncertainty, the Group does not consider there to be a material impact on its judgements and estimates from the physical, transition and other climate-related risks in the short term.

Except for the change to the critical accounting judgement and key sources of estimation uncertainty in determining the liabilities arising from the insurance business and the removal of the judgements and estimates in respect of the value of in-force asset and capitalised software enhancements, the Group's significant judgements, estimates and assumptions are unchanged compared to those applied at 31 December 2022. Further information on the critical accounting judgements and key sources of estimation uncertainty for the allowance for expected credit losses is set out in note 16.

Valuation of liabilities arising from the insurance business

The Group has applied judgment in determining the characteristics which make a product illiquid, the level of illiquidity premium to apply to the discount rate of different products and how the illiquidity premium is determined, where material.

The products to which an illiquidity premium has been applied to the discount rate are annuity contracts, due to the illiquid nature of their cash flows, certain reinsurance contracts held where the underlying contracts are annuity contracts, due to the transfer of longevity risk to the reinsurer, and whole of life protection contracts, due to the inherent policyholder value and zero surrender option.

For annuity contracts, at initial recognition, the discount rate is calculated with reference to a strategic portfolio of assets, and subsequently measured to reflect the mix of actual assets backing annuity contracts, adjusted to reflect the impacts of transition from initial recognition. To reflect differences between the characteristics of insurance contracts and the derivation of discount rates based on a reference portfolio, adjustments for credit risk are required, and the Group uses the fundamental spread to maintain consistency with its Solvency II approach. For protection contracts, the illiquidity premium is based on the spread on a covered bond index.

NOTES TO THE CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED HALF-YEAR FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)

Note 2: Critical accounting judgements and key sources of estimation uncertainty (continued)

The Group has also applied judgment to determine if a drawdown feature added to its longstanding and workplace pension products was a modification that required derecognition. See note 6 for more details.

Note 3: Segmental analysis

Lloyds Banking Group provides a wide range of banking and financial services in the UK and in certain locations overseas. The Group Executive Committee (GEC) remains the "chief operating decision maker" (as defined by IFRS 8 Operating segments) for the Group.

The segmental results and comparatives are presented on an underlying basis, the basis reviewed by the chief operating decision maker. The underlying basis is derived from the recognition and measurement principles of IFRS with the effects of the following excluded in arriving at underlying profit before tax:

• Restructuring costs relating to merger, acquisition and integration activities

• Volatility and other items, which includes the effects of certain asset sales, the volatility relating to the Group's hedging arrangements and that arising in the insurance businesses, the unwind of acquisition-related fair value adjustments and the amortisation of purchased intangible assets

• Losses from insurance and participating investment contract modifications relating to the enhancement to the Group's longstanding and workplace pension business through the addition of a drawdown feature

For the purposes of the underlying income statement, operating lease depreciation (net of gains on disposal of operating lease assets) is shown as an adjustment to total underlying income.

During the half-year ended 31 December 2022 there were changes as a result of the Group restructure effective from 1 July 2022:

• Business Banking and Commercial Cards moved from Retail to Commercial Banking. Wealth moved from Insurance and Wealth to Retail

• Insurance and Wealth was renamed Insurance, Pensions and Investments

Following the restructure, the Group completed a review and determined that it had three operating and reportable segments: Retail; Commercial Banking; and Insurance, Pensions and Investments. There has been no change to the descriptions of these segments as provided in note 4 to the Group's financial statements for the year ended 31 December 2022, neither has there been any change to the Group's segmental accounting for internal segment derivatives entered into by units for risk management purposes since 31 December 2022. IFRS 17 has resulted in consequential changes to the Group's segmental accounting for internal segment services. Further information on the adoption of IFRS 17 is provided in notes 1 and 24.

Comparatives have been presented on a consistent basis in respect of the above changes.

NOTES TO THE CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED HALF-YEAR FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)

Note 3: Segmental analysis (continued)

The table below analyses the Group's income and profit by segment on an underlying basis and provides a reconciliation through to certain lines in the Group's statutory income statement. Total income, after net finance income in respect of insurance and investment contracts is also analysed between external and inter-segment income. The Group's full segmental income statement on an underlying basis is shown on page 17.

Half-year to 30 June 2023	Net interest income £m	Other income, after net finance income¹ £m	Total income, after net finance income^1,2 £m	Profit before tax £m	External income £m	Inter- segment income (expense) £m

Underlying basis
Retail	5,064	1,006	6,070	2,505	6,429	(359)
Commercial Banking	1,934	856	2,790	1,417	2,296	494
Insurance, Pensions and Investments	(70)	619	549	91	621	(72)
Other	76	57	133	28	196	(63)
Group	7,004	2,538	9,542	4,041	9,542	-
Reconciling items:
Insurance grossing adjustment	7	(139)	(132)	-
Market volatility and asset sales	(183)	117	(66)	(63)
Amortisation of purchased intangibles	-	-	-	(35)
Restructuring costs³	-	-	-	(25)
Fair value unwind and other items	(30)	(8)	(38)	(48)
Group - statutory	6,798	2,508	9,306	3,870

¹ Other income and total income, after net finance income in respect of insurance and investment contracts.

² Total income, after net finance income does not include operating lease depreciation which, on a statutory basis, is included within operating costs.

³ Restructuring costs related to merger, acquisition and integration costs.

NOTES TO THE CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED HALF-YEAR FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)

Note 3: Segmental analysis (continued)

Half-year to 30 June 2022¹	Net interest income £m	Other income, after net finance income² £m	Total income, after net finance income^2,3 £m	Profit before tax £m	External income £m	Inter- segment income (expense) £m

Underlying basis
Retail	4,628	854	5,482	2,320	5,733	(251)
Commercial Banking	1,520	731	2,251	904	2,077	174
Insurance, Pensions and Investments	(43)	533	490	35	503	(13)
Other	30	249	279	403	189	90
Group	6,135	2,367	8,502	3,662	8,502	-
Reconciling items:
Insurance grossing adjustment	(24)	(105)	(129)	-
Market volatility and asset sales	(12)	(352)	(364)	(359)
Amortisation of purchased intangibles	-	-	-	(35)
Restructuring costs⁴	-	-	-	(47)
Fair value unwind and other items	(62)	1	(61)	(72)
Group - statutory	6,037	1,911	7,948	3,149

Half-year to 31 December 2022¹	Net interest income £m	Other income, after net finance income² £m	Total income, after net finance income^2,3 £m	Profit before tax £m	External income £m	Inter- segment income (expense) £m

Underlying basis
Retail	5,146	877	6,023	2,177	6,322	(299)
Commercial Banking	1,927	834	2,761	957	2,253	508
Insurance, Pensions and Investments	(58)	427	369	(97)	407	(38)
Other	22	161	183	329	354	(171)
Group	7,037	2,299	9,336	3,366	9,336	-
Reconciling items:
Insurance grossing adjustment	-	(96)	(96)	-
Market volatility and asset sales	(123)	(1,489)	(1,612)	(1,619)
Amortisation of purchased intangibles	-	-	-	(35)
Restructuring costs⁴	-	-	-	(33)
Fair value unwind and other items	(29)	(6)	(35)	(46)
Group - statutory	6,885	708	7,593	1,633

¹ Restated for presentational changes and for the adoption of IFRS 17; see notes 1, 24 and 25.

² Other income and total income, after net finance income in respect of insurance and investment contracts.

³ Total income, after net finance income does not include operating lease depreciation which, on a statutory basis, is included within operating costs.

⁴ Restructuring costs related to merger, acquisition and integration costs.

NOTES TO THE CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED HALF-YEAR FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)

Note 3: Segmental analysis (continued)

	Segment external assets		Segment customer deposits		Segment external liabilities
	At 30 Jun 2023 £m	At 31 Dec 2022¹ £m	At 30 Jun 2023 £m	At 31 Dec 2022 £m	At 30 Jun 2023 £m	At 31 Dec 2022¹ £m

Retail	372,926	372,485	305,887	310,765	310,501	314,091
Commercial Banking	155,267	147,477	163,580	163,828	210,147	202,070
Insurance, Pensions and Investments	173,647	170,777	-	-	169,088	168,357
Other	180,964	182,655	346	738	148,586	144,965
Total Group	882,804	873,394	469,813	475,331	838,322	829,483

¹ Restated for the adoption of IFRS 17; see notes 1, 24 and 25.

Note 4: Net fee and commission income

	Half-year to 30 Jun 2023 £m	Half-year to 30 Jun 2022¹ £m	Half-year to 31 Dec 2022¹ £m

Fee and commission income:
Current accounts	310	330	316
Credit and debit card fees	617	561	634
Commercial banking and treasury fees	166	179	132
Unit trust and insurance broking	34	43	35
Factoring	39	40	39
Other fees and commissions	260	217	264
Total fee and commission income	1,426	1,370	1,420
Fee and commission expense	(539)	(521)	(549)
Net fee and commission income	887	849	871

¹ Restated for the adoption of IFRS 17; see notes 1, 24 and 25.

Current account and credit and debit card fees principally arise in Retail; commercial banking, treasury and factoring fees arise in Commercial Banking; and unit trust and insurance broking fees arise in Insurance, Pensions and Investments.

Note 5: Insurance revenue

	Half-year to 30 Jun 2023 £m	Half-year to 30 Jun 2022 £m	Half-year to 31 Dec 2022 £m

Life
Amounts relating to the changes in liabilities for remaining coverage:
CSM recognised for services provided	160	100	145
Change in risk adjustments for non-financial risk for risk expired	30	54	49
Expected incurred claims and other insurance services expenses	955	877	819
Charges (credits) to funds in respect of policyholder tax and other	20	(162)	(66)
Recovery of insurance acquisition cash flows	40	38	48
Total life	1,205	907	995

Non-life
Total non-life	245	294	265
Total insurance revenue	1,450	1,201	1,260

NOTES TO THE CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED HALF-YEAR FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)

Note 6: Insurance service expense

	Half-year to 30 June 2023
	Life £m	Non-life £m	Total £m

Incurred claims and other directly attributable expenses	966	236	1,202
Changes that relate to past service: adjustment to liabilities for incurred claims	1	(45)	(44)
Changes that relate to future service: losses and reversal of losses on onerous contracts	26	(4)	22
Amortisation of insurance acquisition assets	40	18	58
Net impairment loss on insurance acquisition assets	-	-	-
Total insurance service expense	1,033	205	1,238

	Half-year to 30 June 2022
	Life £m	Non-life £m	Total £m

Incurred claims and other directly attributable expenses	896	239	1,135
Changes that relate to past service: adjustment to liabilities for incurred claims	4	(16)	(12)
Changes that relate to future service: losses and reversal of losses on onerous contracts¹	265	1	266
Amortisation of insurance acquisition assets	37	21	58
Net impairment loss on insurance acquisition assets	-	-	-
Total insurance service expense	1,202	245	1,447

	Half-year to 31 December 2022
	Life £m	Non-life £m	Total £m

Incurred claims and other directly attributable expenses	855	236	1,091
Changes that relate to past service: adjustment to liabilities for incurred claims	(4)	73	69
Changes that relate to future service: losses and reversal of losses on onerous contracts¹	1,221	1	1,222
Amortisation of insurance acquisition assets	48	(28)	20
Net impairment loss on insurance acquisition assets	14	-	14
Total insurance service expense	2,134	282	2,416

¹ During 2022, the Group enhanced its existing longstanding and workplace pension business through the addition of a drawdown feature. The Group applied judgement to determine that if the drawdown feature had been included in the contract terms at inception, the modified contracts would have had a substantially different contract boundary. As a result IFRS 17 required the existing contracts to be derecognised and the modified contracts to be recognised as new contracts. Judgement was also applied in determining the premium that would have been charged had the Group entered into a contract with the new contract's terms at the date of modification. The contracts were modified throughout 2022, in line with the dates of policyholder communication of enhanced benefits. The impact is set out below:

- The Group derecognised existing CSM relating to contracts modified of £399 million, net of reinsurance, and recognised CSM of £1,730 million, net of reinsurance, relating to the new contracts recognised. During 2022, the CSM increased by £1,331 million and will be released to the income statement in the future, in line with service provided. The new CSM is larger than the previously existing CSM as (i) there were no acquisition costs incurred following modification and (ii) the CSM for those contracts that were originally recognised prior to 1 January 2016 was previously calculated using the fair value approach on transition.

- The new CSM also includes additional future profit of £89 million expected to emerge from the addition of a drawdown feature, as a result of the increase in the expected length of the contract services period for this business. There has been an equivalent change in the fulfilment cashflows arising upon contract modification.

Consequently, a charge to the 2022 income statement of £1,242 million arises (half-year to 30 June 2022: £227 million; half-year to 31 December 2022: £1,015 million).

NOTES TO THE CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED HALF-YEAR FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)

Note 7: Net investment return on assets held to back insurance and participating investment contracts and net insurance finance (expense) income

	Half-year to 30 June 2023
	Life £m	Non-life £m	Total £m

Investment property losses	(1)	-	(1)
Securities and other gains	2,905	28	2,933
Foreign exchange gains	638	-	638
Net investment return on assets held to back insurance and participating investment contracts (memorandum item)¹	3,542	28	3,570

Changes in fair value of underlying items of direct participating contracts	(3,906)	(36)	(3,942)
Effects of risk mitigation option	145	-	145
Interest accreted	(408)	(3)	(411)
Effect of changes in interest rates and other financial assumptions	437	-	437
Effect of changes in fulfilment cash flows at current rates when CSM is unlocked at locked-in rates	-	-	-
Net finance expense from insurance and participating investment contracts	(3,732)	(39)	(3,771)

Net finance income from reinsurance contracts held	2	-	2

Net finance expense from insurance, participating investment and reinsurance contracts	(3,730)	(39)	(3,769)

	Half-year to 30 June 2022
	Life £m	Non-life £m	Total £m

Investment property gains	5	-	5
Securities and other (losses) gains	(13,504)	2	(13,502)
Foreign exchange losses	(757)	-	(757)
Net investment return on assets held to back insurance and participating investment contracts (memorandum item)¹	(14,256)	2	(14,254)

Changes in fair value of underlying items of direct participating contracts	11,219	-	11,219
Effects of risk mitigation option	(164)	-	(164)
Interest accreted	(207)	(1)	(208)
Effect of changes in interest rates and other financial assumptions	3,429	-	3,429
Effect of changes in fulfilment cash flows at current rates when CSM is unlocked at locked-in rates	29	-	29
Net finance income (expense) from insurance and participating investment contracts	14,306	(1)	14,305

Net finance expense from reinsurance contracts held	(5)	-	(5)

Net finance income (expense) from insurance, participating investment and reinsurance contracts	14,301	(1)	14,300

¹ Net investment return on assets held to back insurance contracts and participating investment contracts is reported within net trading income (expense) on the face of the Group's income statement; includes income of £3,781 million (half-year to 30 June 2022: loss of £11,144 million) in respect of unit-linked and with-profit contracts measured applying the variable fee approach. The assets generating the investment return held to back insurance contracts and participating investment contracts are carried at fair value on the Group's balance sheet.

NOTES TO THE CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED HALF-YEAR FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)

Note 7: Net investment return on assets held to back insurance and participating investment contracts and net insurance finance (expense) income (continued)

	Half-year to 31 December 2022
	Life £m	Non-life £m	Total £m

Investment property losses	(8)	-	(8)
Securities and other (losses) gains	(1,372)	7	(1,365)
Foreign exchange losses	(282)	-	(282)
Net investment return on assets held to back insurance and participating investment contracts (memorandum item)¹	(1,662)	7	(1,655)

Changes in fair value of underlying items of direct participating contracts	(7)	-	(7)
Effects of risk mitigation option	46	-	46
Interest accreted	(143)	(1)	(144)
Effect of changes in interest rates and other financial assumptions	1,797	-	1,797
Effect of changes in fulfilment cash flows at current rates when CSM is unlocked at locked-in rates	(49)	-	(49)
Net finance income (expense) from insurance and participating investment contracts	1,644	(1)	1,643

Net finance expense from reinsurance contracts held	(50)	-	(50)

Net finance income (expense) from insurance, participating investment and reinsurance contracts	1,594	(1)	1,593

¹ Net investment return on assets held to back insurance contracts and participating investment contracts is reported within net trading income (expense) on the face of the Group's income statement; includes income of £63 million in respect of unit-linked and with-profit contracts measured applying the variable fee approach. The assets generating the investment return held to back insurance contracts and participating investment contracts are carried at fair value on the Group's balance sheet.

Note 8: Operating expenses

	Half-year to 30 Jun 2023 £m	Half-year to 30 Jun 2022¹ £m	Half-year to 31 Dec 2022¹ £m

Staff costs:
Salaries and social security costs	1,695	1,631	1,679
Pensions and other post-retirement benefit schemes (note 19)	153	235	220
Restructuring and other staff costs	185	154	153
	2,033	2,020	2,052
Premises and equipment costs²	179	140	192
Other expenses:
UK bank levy	-	-	148
Regulatory and legal provisions (note 20)	70	79	176
Other	1,448	1,232	1,324
	1,518	1,311	1,648
Depreciation and amortisation	1,333	1,210	1,186
Operating expenses before adjustment for:	5,063	4,681	5,078
Amounts attributable to the acquisition of insurance and participating investment contracts	(82)	(80)	(88)
Amounts reported within insurance service expenses	(207)	(183)	(171)
Total operating expenses	4,774	4,418	4,819

¹ Restated for the presentational changes and the adoption of IFRS 17; see notes 1, 24 and 25. Communications and data processing costs, previously reported separately, are now reported within other.

² Net of profits on disposal of operating lease assets of £67 million (half-year to 30 June 2022: £110 million; half-year to 31 December 2022: £87 million).

NOTES TO THE CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED HALF-YEAR FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)

Note 9: Impairment

	Half-year to 30 Jun 2023 £m	Half-year to 30 Jun 2022 £m	Half-year to 31 Dec 2022 £m

Impact of transfers between stages	431	421	493
Other changes in credit quality¹	374	21	469
Additions and repayments	(150)	(65)	183
Other items	7	4	(4)
	231	(40)	648
Total impairment	662	381	1,141

In respect of:
Loans and advances to banks	(3)	3	11
Loans and advances to customers	667	335	1,016
Debt securities	2	2	5
Financial assets held at amortised cost	666	340	1,032
Other assets	(2)	6	16
Impairment on drawn balances	664	346	1,048
Loan commitments and financial guarantees	1	35	87
Financial assets at fair value through other comprehensive income	(3)	-	6
Total impairment	662	381	1,141

¹ Includes a credit for methodology and model changes of £3 million (half-year to 30 June 2022: charge of £3 million; half-year to 31 December 2022: credit of £66 million).

There was a £27 million charge in respect of residual value impairment and voluntary terminations within the Group's UK Motor Finance business in the current period (half-year to 30 June 2022: no charge; half-year to 31 December 2022: no charge).

The Group's impairment charge comprises the following:

Impact of transfers between stages

The net impact on the impairment charge of transfers between stages.

Other changes in credit quality

Changes in loss allowance as a result of movements in risk parameters that reflect changes in customer credit quality, but which have not resulted in a transfer to a different stage. This also contains the impact on the impairment charge of write-offs and recoveries, where the related loss allowances are reassessed to reflect the view of credit quality at the balance sheet date and therefore the ultimate realisable or recoverable value.

Additions and repayments

Expected loss allowances are recognised on origination of new loans or further drawdowns of existing facilities. Repayments relate to the reduction of loss allowances resulting from the repayment of outstanding balances that have been provided against.

NOTES TO THE CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED HALF-YEAR FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)

Note 10: Tax expense

In accordance with IAS 34, the Group's income tax expense for the half-year to 30 June 2023 is based on the best estimate of the weighted-average annual income tax rate expected for the full financial year. The tax effects of one-off items are not included in the weighted-average annual income tax rate, but are recognised in the relevant period.

An explanation of the relationship between tax expense and accounting profit is set out below:

	Half-year to 30 Jun 2023 £m	Half-year to 30 Jun 2022¹ £m	Half-year to 31 Dec 2022¹ £m

Profit before tax	3,870	3,149	1,633
UK corporation tax thereon at 23.5 per cent (2022: 19.0 per cent)	(909)	(598)	(311)
Impact of surcharge on banking profits	(141)	(124)	(215)
Non-deductible costs: conduct charges	(2)	(4)	(1)
Non-deductible costs: bank levy	-	-	(28)
Other non-deductible costs	(80)	(39)	(31)
Non-taxable income	27	64	74
Tax relief on coupons on other equity instruments	60	45	38
Tax-exempt gains on disposals	27	38	29
Tax losses where no deferred tax recognised	-	(3)	14
Remeasurement of deferred tax due to rate changes	(8)	12	48
Differences in overseas tax rates	5	(77)	14
Policyholder tax	(37)	(40)	(25)
Deferred tax asset in respect of life assurance expenses	64	20	1
Adjustments in respect of prior years	(11)	3	240
Tax effect of share of results of joint ventures	(1)	1	(4)
Tax expense	(1,006)	(702)	(157)

¹ Restated for the adoption of IFRS 17; see notes 1, 24 and 25. The tax impact of the IFRS 17 adjustments is recognised at the rate of tax at which it is expected to be realised. For the half-year to 31 December 2022, this includes the impact of the transitional tax provisions to allow spreading of life companies' profit or loss arising on transition to IFRS 17 over 10 years. For the half-year to 30 June 2022, these provisions were not substantively enacted and so the rate of tax did not reflect them.

Note 11: Earnings per share

Half-year

to 30 Jun

2023

£m

Half-year

to 30 Jun

2022

£m

Half-year

to 31 Dec

2022

£m

Profit attributable to ordinary shareholders - basic and diluted¹

2,572

2,190

1,199

	Half-year to 30 Jun 2023 million	Half-year to 30 Jun 2022 million	Half-year to 31 Dec 2022 million

Weighted-average number of ordinary shares in issue - basic	66,226	70,192	67,524
Adjustment for share options and awards	882	881	790
Weighted-average number of ordinary shares in issue - diluted	67,108	71,073	68,314

Basic earnings per share¹	3.9p	3.1p	1.8p
Diluted earnings per share¹	3.8p	3.1p	1.8p

¹ Restated for the adoption of IFRS 17; see notes 1, 24 and 25.

NOTES TO THE CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED HALF-YEAR FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)

Note 12: Fair values of financial assets and liabilities

The valuations of financial instruments have been classified into three levels according to the quality and reliability of information used to determine those fair values. Note 49 to the Group's financial statements for the year ended 31 December 2022 details the definitions of the three levels in the fair value hierarchy.

Financial instruments classified as financial assets at fair value through profit or loss, derivative financial instruments, financial assets at fair value through other comprehensive income and financial liabilities at fair value through profit or loss are recognised at fair value.

The Group manages valuation adjustments for its derivative exposures on a net basis; the Group determines their fair values on the basis of their net exposures. In all other cases, fair values of financial assets and liabilities measured at fair value are determined on the basis of their gross exposures.

The following tables provide an analysis of the financial assets and liabilities of the Group that are carried at fair value in the Group's consolidated balance sheet, grouped into levels 1 to 3 based on the degree to which the fair value is observable. There were no significant transfers between level 1 and level 2 during the period.

Financial assets	Level 1 £m	Level 2 £m	Level 3 £m	Total £m

At 30 June 2023
Financial assets at fair value through profit or loss:
Loans and advances to banks	-	3,010	-	3,010
Loans and advances to customers	-	2,291	7,641	9,932
Reverse repurchase agreements	-	16,091	-	16,091
Debt securities	11,183	26,703	2,102	39,988
Treasury and other bills	-	-	-	-
Contracts held with reinsurers	-	11,292	-	11,292
Equity shares	109,541	-	1,671	111,212
Total financial assets at fair value through profit or loss¹	120,724	59,387	11,414	191,525
Financial assets at fair value through other comprehensive income:
Debt securities	10,846	11,094	57	21,997
Equity shares	-	-	235	235
Total financial assets at fair value through other comprehensive income	10,846	11,094	292	22,232
Derivative financial instruments	51	23,112	507	23,670
Total financial assets carried at fair value	131,621	93,593	12,213	237,427

¹ Other financial assets mandatorily at fair value through profit or loss include assets backing insurance contracts and investment contracts of £166,428 million.

NOTES TO THE CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED HALF-YEAR FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)

Note 12: Fair values of financial assets and liabilities (continued)

Financial assets	Level 1 £m	Level 2 £m	Level 3 £m	Total £m

At 31 December 2022¹
Financial assets at fair value through profit or loss:
Loans and advances to banks	-	3,329	-	3,329
Loans and advances to customers	-	1,879	7,883	9,762
Reverse repurchase agreements	-	11,781	-	11,781
Debt securities	10,127	26,118	1,802	38,047
Treasury and other bills	62	-	-	62
Contracts held with reinsurers	-	10,906	-	10,906
Equity shares	105,263	-	1,619	106,882
Total financial assets at fair value through profit or loss²	115,452	54,013	11,304	180,769
Financial assets at fair value through other comprehensive income:
Debt securities	11,390	11,422	59	22,871
Equity shares	-	-	283	283
Total financial assets at fair value through other comprehensive income	11,390	11,422	342	23,154
Derivative financial instruments	78	24,122	553	24,753
Total financial assets carried at fair value	126,920	89,557	12,199	228,676

¹ Restated for the adoption of IFRS 17; see notes 1, 24 and 25.

² Other financial assets mandatorily at fair value through profit or loss include assets backing insurance contracts and investment contracts of £161,778 million.

Financial liabilities	Level 1 £m	Level 2 £m	Level 3 £m	Total £m

At 30 June 2023
Financial liabilities at fair value through profit or loss:
Debt securities in issue	-	4,908	46	4,954
Repurchase agreements	-	17,147	-	17,147
Short position in securities	1,648	7	-	1,655
Other	-	21	-	21
Total financial liabilities at fair value through profit or loss	1,648	22,083	46	23,777
Derivative financial instruments	101	23,023	538	23,662
Liabilities arising from non-participating investment contracts	-	41,943	-	41,943
Total financial liabilities carried at fair value	1,749	87,049	584	89,382

At 31 December 2022¹
Financial liabilities at fair value through profit or loss:
Debt securities in issue	-	5,114	45	5,159
Repurchase agreements	-	11,037	-	11,037
Short position in securities	1,505	35	-	1,540
Other	-	19	-	19
Total financial liabilities at fair value through profit or loss	1,505	16,205	45	17,755
Derivative financial instruments	39	23,395	608	24,042
Liabilities arising from non-participating investment contracts	-	39,476	-	39,476
Total financial liabilities carried at fair value	1,544	79,076	653	81,273

¹ Restated for the adoption of IFRS 17; see notes 1, 24 and 25.

NOTES TO THE CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED HALF-YEAR FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)

Note 12: Fair values of financial assets and liabilities (continued)

Valuation control framework

Key elements of the valuation control framework include model validation (incorporating pre-trade and post-trade testing), product implementation review and independent price verification. The framework covers processes for all 3 levels in the fair value hierarchy. Formal committees meet quarterly to discuss and approve valuations in more judgemental areas.

Transfers into and out of level 3 portfolios

Transfers out of level 3 portfolios arise when inputs that could have a significant impact on the instrument's valuation become market observable; conversely, transfers into the portfolios arise when sources of data cease to be observable.

Valuation methodology

For level 2 and level 3 portfolios, there is no significant change to the valuation methodology (techniques and inputs) disclosed in the Group's financial statements for the year ended 31 December 2022 applied to these portfolios.

Movements in level 3 portfolio

The tables below analyse movements in the level 3 financial assets portfolio.

	Financial assets at fair value through profit or loss £m	Financial assets at fair value through other comprehensive income £m		Derivative assets £m	Total financial assets carried at fair value £m

At 1 January 2023	11,304		342	553	12,199
Exchange and other adjustments	(1)		(2)	(13)	(16)
Gains (losses) recognised in the income statement within other income	104		4	(53)	55
Losses recognised in other comprehensive income within the revaluation reserve in respect of financial assets at fair value through other comprehensive income	-		(48)	-	(48)
Purchases/increases to customer loans	347		-	40	387
Sales/repayments of customer loans	(475)		(4)	(17)	(496)
Transfers into the level 3 portfolio	139		-	-	139
Transfers out of the level 3 portfolio	(4)		-	(3)	(7)
At 30 June 2023	11,414		292	507	12,213
Gains (losses) recognised in the income statement, within other income, relating to the change in fair value of those assets held at 30 June 2023	79		2	(58)	23

At 1 January 2022	13,313		305	893	14,511
Exchange and other adjustments	15		1	21	37
(Losses) gains recognised in the income statement within other income	(1,140)		-	160	(980)
Gains recognised in other comprehensive income within the revaluation reserve in respect of financial assets at fair value through other comprehensive income	-		32	-	32
Purchases/increases to customer loans	622		-	41	663
Sales/repayments of customer loans	(818)		(4)	(9)	(831)
Transfers into the level 3 portfolio	161		-	-	161
Transfers out of the level 3 portfolio	(45)		-	(486)	(531)
At 30 June 2022	12,108		334	620	13,062
(Losses) gains recognised in the income statement, within other income, relating to the change in fair value of those assets held at 30 June 2022	(1,080)		-	254	(826)

NOTES TO THE CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED HALF-YEAR FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)

Note 12: Fair values of financial assets and liabilities (continued)

The tables below analyse movements in the level 3 financial liabilities portfolio.

	Financial liabilities at fair value through profit or loss £m	Derivative liabilities £m	Total financial liabilities carried at fair value £m

At 1 January 2023	45	608	653
Exchange and other adjustments	-	(8)	(8)
Losses (gains) recognised in the income statement within other income	1	(57)	(56)
Additions	-	31	31
Redemptions	(1)	(36)	(37)
Transfers into the level 3 portfolio	2	-	2
Transfers out of the level 3 portfolio	(1)	-	(1)
At 30 June 2023	46	538	584
Losses (gains) recognised in the income statement, within other income, relating to the change in fair value of those liabilities held at 30 June 2023	1	(58)	(57)

At 1 January 2022	37	944	981
Exchange and other adjustments	-	17	17
Losses recognised in the income statement within other income	8	5	13
Additions	4	37	41
Redemptions	(2)	(13)	(15)
Transfers into the level 3 portfolio	-	-	-
Transfers out of the level 3 portfolio	(3)	(178)	(181)
At 30 June 2022	44	812	856
Losses recognised in the income statement, within other income, relating to the change in fair value of those liabilities held at 30 June 2022	7	33	40

NOTES TO THE CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED HALF-YEAR FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)

Note 12: Fair values of financial assets and liabilities (continued)

Sensitivity of level 3 valuations

The tables below set out the effects of reasonably possible alternative assumptions for categories of level 3 financial assets and financial liabilities.

				Effect of reasonably possible alternative assumptions¹
At 30 June 2023	Valuation techniques	Significant unobservable inputs²	Carrying value £m	Favourable changes £m	Unfavourable changes £m

Financial assets at fair value through profit or loss
Loans and advances to customers	Discounted cash flows	Interest rate spreads (-50bps/+272bps)	7,641	325	298
Equity and venture capital investments	Market approach	Earnings multiple (1.9/13.2)	2,195	93	(93)
	Underlying asset/net asset value (incl. property prices)³	n/a	805	80	(106)
Unlisted equities, debt securities and property partnerships in the life funds	Underlying asset/net asset value (incl. property prices), broker quotes or discounted cash flows³	n/a	375	-	14
Other			398	14	(8)
			11,414
Financial assets at fair value through other comprehensive income			292	18	(18)
Derivative financial assets
Interest rate derivatives	Option pricing model	Interest rate volatility (15%/190%)	507	3	(7)
Level 3 financial assets carried at fair value			12,213

Financial liabilities at fair value through profit or loss			46	1	(1)
Derivative financial liabilities
Interest rate derivatives	Option pricing model	Interest rate volatility (15%/190%)	538	9	(13)
Level 3 financial liabilities carried at fair value			584

¹ Where the exposure to an unobservable input is managed on a net basis, only the net impact is shown in the table.

² Ranges are shown where appropriate and represent the highest and lowest inputs used in the level 3 valuations.

³ Underlying asset/net asset values represent fair value.

NOTES TO THE CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED HALF-YEAR FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)

Note 12: Fair values of financial assets and liabilities (continued)

Sensitivity of level 3 valuations (continued)

				Effect of reasonably possible alternative assumptions¹
At 31 December 2022	Valuation techniques	Significant unobservable inputs²	Carrying value £m	Favourable changes £m	Unfavourable changes £m

Financial assets at fair value through profit or loss
Loans and advances to customers	Discounted cash flows	Interest rate spreads (-50bps/+289bps)	7,883	356	(385)
Equity and venture capital investments	Market approach	Earnings multiple (1.9/15.2)	1,907	84	(84)
	Underlying asset/net asset value (incl. property prices)³	n/a	771	81	(88)
Unlisted equities, debt securities and property partnerships in the life funds	Underlying asset/net asset value (incl. property prices), broker quotes or discounted cash flows³	n/a	581	2	(33)
Other			162	9	(9)
			11,304
Financial assets at fair value through other comprehensive income			342	15	(15)
Derivative financial assets
Interest rate derivatives	Option pricing model	Interest rate volatility (17%/105%)	553	9	(7)
Level 3 financial assets carried at fair value			12,199

Financial liabilities at fair value through profit or loss			45	1	(1)
Derivative financial liabilities
Interest rate derivatives	Option pricing model	Interest rate volatility (17%/105%)	608	-	-
Level 3 financial liabilities carried at fair value			653

¹ Where the exposure to an unobservable input is managed on a net basis, only the net impact is shown in the table.

² Ranges are shown where appropriate and represent the highest and lowest inputs used in the level 3 valuations.

³ Underlying asset/net asset values represent fair value.

Unobservable inputs

Significant unobservable inputs affecting the valuation of debt securities, unlisted equity investments and derivatives are unchanged from those described in the Group's financial statements for the year ended 31 December 2022.

Reasonably possible alternative assumptions

Valuation techniques applied to many of the Group's level 3 instruments often involve the use of two or more inputs whose relationship is interdependent. The calculation of the effect of reasonably possible alternative assumptions included in the table above reflects such relationships and is unchanged from that described in note 49 to the Group's financial statements for the year ended 31 December 2022.

NOTES TO THE CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED HALF-YEAR FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)

Note 12: Fair values of financial assets and liabilities (continued)

The table below summarises the carrying values of financial assets and liabilities measured at amortised cost in the Group's consolidated balance sheet. The fair values presented in the table are at a specific date and may be significantly different from the amounts which will actually be paid or received on the maturity or settlement date.

	At 30 June 2023		At 31 December 2022
	Carrying value £m	Fair value £m	Carrying value £m	Fair value £m

Financial assets
Loans and advances to banks	11,333	11,333	10,632	10,632
Loans and advances to customers	450,720	442,167	454,899	450,071
Reverse repurchase agreements	36,006	36,006	44,865	44,865
Debt securities	12,849	12,355	9,926	9,930
Financial assets at amortised cost	510,908	501,861	520,322	515,498

Financial liabilities
Deposits from banks	6,222	6,225	7,266	7,268
Customer deposits	469,813	469,229	475,331	475,147
Repurchase agreements at amortised cost	44,622	44,622	48,596	48,596
Debt securities in issue	79,264	77,363	73,819	71,975
Subordinated liabilities	9,857	9,424	10,730	10,065

The carrying amount for cash and balances at central banks and notes in circulation is a reasonable approximation of fair value. Fair values have not been disclosed for discretionary participating investment contracts. There is currently no agreed definition of fair valuation for discretionary participation features applied under IFRS and therefore the range of possible fair values of these contracts cannot be measured reliably.

Note 13: Derivative financial instruments

	At 30 June 2023			At 31 December 2022
	Fair value of assets £m	Fair value of liabilities £m		Fair value of assets £m	Fair value of liabilities £m

Trading and other
Exchange rate contracts	5,865		6,424	8,733	9,216
Interest rate contracts	17,107		15,881	14,966	13,332
Credit derivatives	61		87	134	118
Equity and other contracts	605		743	845	849
	23,638		23,135	24,678	23,515
Hedging
Derivatives designated as fair value hedges	1		449	11	503
Derivatives designated as cash flow hedges	31		78	64	24
	32		527	75	527
Total recognised derivative assets/liabilities	23,670		23,662	24,753	24,042

NOTES TO THE CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED HALF-YEAR FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)

Note 14: Loans and advances to customers

Half-year to 30 June 2023

	Gross carrying amount								Allowance for expected credit losses
Stage 1 £m		Stage 2 £m		Stage 3 £m		POCI £m	Total £m	Stage 1 £m		Stage 2 £m		Stage 3 £m		POCI £m	Total £m

At 1 January 2023	380,991		61,164		7,640	9,622	459,417		700		1,808		1,757	253	4,518
Exchange and other adjustments¹	(1,740)		(16)		(2)	(3)	(1,761)		(1)		(1)		59	19	76
Transfers to Stage 1	13,503		(13,489)		(14)		-		281		(276)		(5)		-
Transfers to Stage 2	(18,824)		19,325		(501)		-		(59)		119		(60)		-
Transfers to Stage 3	(456)		(1,635)		2,091		-		(7)		(171)		178		-
Impact of transfers between stages	(5,777)		4,201		1,576		-		(195)		421		201		427
									20		93		314		427
Other changes in credit quality²									23		(12)		302	74	387
Additions and repayments	5,245		(3,100)		(767)	(527)	851		37		(89)		(58)	(37)	(147)
Charge (credit) to the income statement									80		(8)		558	37	667
Disposals and derecognition³	(1,202)		(547)		(94)	(743)	(2,586)		(1)		(18)		(7)	(34)	(60)
Advances written off					(554)	-	(554)						(554)	-	(554)
Recoveries of advances written off in previous years					90	-	90						90	-	90
At 30 June 2023	377,517		61,702		7,889	8,349	455,457		778		1,781		1,903	275	4,737
Allowance for impairment losses	(778)		(1,781)		(1,903)	(275)	(4,737)
Net carrying amount	376,739		59,921		5,986	8,074	450,720
Drawn ECL coverage⁴	0.2%		2.9%		24.1%	3.3%	1.0%

¹ Exchange and other adjustments includes the impact of movements in exchange rates, discount unwind, derecognising assets as a result of modifications and adjustments in respect of purchased or originated credit-impaired financial assets (POCI). Where a POCI asset's expected credit loss is less than its expected credit loss on purchase or origination, the increase in its carrying value is recognised within gross loans, rather than as a negative impairment allowance.

² Includes a credit for methodology and model changes of £3 million, split by Stage as £2 million credit for Stage 1, £3 million credit for Stage 2, £2 million charge for Stage 3 and £nil for POCI.

³ Relates to the exit of legacy Retail mortgage loans.

⁴ Allowance for expected credit losses on loans and advances to customers as a percentage of gross loans and advances to customers.

The total allowance for impairment losses includes £116 million (31 December 2022: £92 million) in respect of residual value impairment and voluntary terminations within the Group's UK Motor Finance business.

NOTES TO THE CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED HALF-YEAR FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)

Note 14: Loans and advances to customers (continued)

Year ended 31 December 2022

	Gross carrying amount					Allowance for expected credit losses
	Stage 1 £m	Stage 2 £m	Stage 3 £m	POCI £m	Total £m	Stage 1 £m	Stage 2 £m	Stage 3 £m	POCI £m	Total £m

At 1 January 2022	400,036	34,931	6,443	10,977	452,387	915	1,114	1,581	210	3,820
Exchange and other adjustments¹	(393)	15	(23)	12	(389)	2	-	39	65	106
Transfers to Stage 1	8,330	(8,257)	(73)		-	176	(167)	(9)		-
Transfers to Stage 2	(35,046)	35,448	(402)		-	(66)	135	(69)		-
Transfers to Stage 3	(1,250)	(2,528)	3,778		-	(8)	(158)	166		-
Impact of transfers between stages	(27,966)	24,663	3,303		-	(120)	701	268		849
						(18)	511	356		849
Other changes in credit quality²						(309)	85	618	49	443
Additions and repayments	9,314	1,555	(1,337)	(1,354)	8,178	110	98	(91)	(58)	59
(Credit) charge to the income statement						(217)	694	883	(9)	1,351
Advances written off			(928)	(13)	(941)			(928)	(13)	(941)
Recoveries of advances written off in previous years			182	-	182			182	-	182
At 31 December 2022	380,991	61,164	7,640	9,622	459,417	700	1,808	1,757	253	4,518
Allowance for impairment losses	(700)	(1,808)	(1,757)	(253)	(4,518)
Net carrying amount	380,291	59,356	5,883	9,369	454,899
Drawn ECL coverage³	0.2%	3.0%	23.0%	2.6%	1.0%

² Includes a credit for methodology and model changes of £63 million, split by Stage as £2 million charge for Stage 1, £11 million charge for Stage 2, £47 million credit for Stage 3 and £29 million credit for POCI.

³ Allowance for expected credit losses on loans and advances to customers as a percentage of gross loans and advances to customers.

The movement tables are compiled by comparing the position at the reporting date to that at the beginning of the year.

Transfers between stages are deemed to have taken place at the start of the reporting period, with all other movements shown in the stage in which the asset is held at the period end, with the exception of those held within purchased or originated credit-impaired, which are not transferable.

Additions and repayments comprise new loans originated and repayments of outstanding balances throughout the reporting period. Loans which are written off in the period are first transferred to Stage 3 before acquiring a full allowance and subsequent write-off.

Loans and advances to customers include advances securitised under the Group's securitisation and covered bond programmes (see note 17).

NOTES TO THE CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED HALF-YEAR FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)

Note 15: Credit quality of loans and advances to customers

		Gross drawn exposures								Expected credit loss allowance
At 30 June 2023	Stage 1 £m		Stage 2 £m		Stage 3 £m		POCI £m	Total £m	Stage 1 £m		Stage 2 £m		Stage 3 £m		POCI £m	Total £m

Retail - UK mortgages
RMS 1-3		241,410		19,656		-	-	261,066		96		116		-	-	212
RMS 4-6		9,504		18,865		-	-	28,369		20		189		-	-	209
RMS 7-9		99		1,863		-	-	1,962		-		47		-	-	47
RMS 10		-		940		-	-	940		-		40		-	-	40
RMS 11-13		-		3,319		-	-	3,319		-		180		-	-	180
RMS 14		-		-		3,766	8,349	12,115		-		-		366	275	641
		251,013		44,643		3,766	8,349	307,771		116		572		366	275	1,329

Retail - credit cards
RMS 1-3		3,691		3		-	-	3,694		7		-		-	-	7
RMS 4-6		6,941		1,309		-	-	8,250		71		63		-	-	134
RMS 7-9		1,571		1,151		-	-	2,722		55		150		-	-	205
RMS 10		7		234		-	-	241		1		53		-	-	54
RMS 11-13		-		369		-	-	369		-		148		-	-	148
RMS 14		-		-		302	-	302		-		-		123	-	123
		12,210		3,066		302	-	15,578		134		414		123	-	671

Retail - loans and overdrafts
RMS 1-3		657		1		-	-	658		2		-		-	-	2
RMS 4-6		6,268		378		-	-	6,646		93		32		-	-	125
RMS 7-9		2,042		544		-	-	2,586		79		70		-	-	149
RMS 10		80		188		-	-	268		7		41		-	-	48
RMS 11-13		28		424		-	-	452		5		165		-	-	170
RMS 14		-		-		242	-	242		-		-		128	-	128
		9,075		1,535		242	-	10,852		186		308		128	-	622

Retail - UK Motor Finance
RMS 1-3		9,488		752		-	-	10,240		84		11		-	-	95
RMS 4-6		2,835		974		-	-	3,809		31		20		-	-	51
RMS 7-9		512		275		-	-	787		3		10		-	-	13
RMS 10		-		60		-	-	60		-		5		-	-	5
RMS 11-13		1		165		-	-	166		-		25		-	-	25
RMS 14		-		-		122	-	122		-		-		60	-	60
		12,836		2,226		122	-	15,184		118		71		60	-	249

Retail - other
RMS 1-3		12,501		279		-	-	12,780		2		3		-	-	5
RMS 4-6		2,210		200		-	-	2,410		16		12		-	-	28
RMS 7-9		-		76		-	-	76		-		3		-	-	3
RMS 10		-		6		-	-	6		-		-		-	-	-
RMS 11-13		86		6		-	-	92		-		-		-	-	-
RMS 14		-		-		131	-	131		-		-		51	-	51
		14,797		567		131	-	15,495		18		18		51	-	87
Total Retail		299,931		52,037		4,563	8,349	364,880		572		1,383		728	275	2,958

NOTES TO THE CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED HALF-YEAR FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)

Note 15: Credit quality of loans and advances to customers (continued)

		Gross drawn exposures								Expected credit loss allowance
At 30 June 2023	Stage 1 £m		Stage 2 £m		Stage 3 £m		POCI £m	Total £m	Stage 1 £m		Stage 2 £m		Stage 3 £m		POCI £m	Total £m

Commercial Banking
CMS 1-5		14,032		52		-	-	14,084		5		-		-	-	5
CMS 6-10		33,160		241		-	-	33,401		37		2		-	-	39
CMS 11-14		30,995		4,967		-	-	35,962		128		102		-	-	230
CMS 15-18		2,678		3,373		-	-	6,051		36		194		-	-	230
CMS 19		12		1,032		-	-	1,044		-		100		-	-	100
CMS 20-23		-		-		3,320	-	3,320		-		-		1,171	-	1,171
		80,877		9,665		3,320	-	93,862		206		398		1,171	-	1,775

Other¹		(3,291)		-		6	-	(3,285)		-		-		4	-	4
Total loans and advances to customers		377,517		61,702		7,889	8,349	455,457		778		1,781		1,903	275	4,737

In respect of:
Retail		299,931		52,037		4,563	8,349	364,880		572		1,383		728	275	2,958
Commercial Banking		80,877		9,665		3,320	-	93,862		206		398		1,171	-	1,775
Other¹		(3,291)		-		6	-	(3,285)		-		-		4	-	4
Total loans and advances to customers		377,517		61,702		7,889	8,349	455,457		778		1,781		1,903	275	4,737

¹ Gross drawn exposures include centralised fair value hedge accounting adjustments.

NOTES TO THE CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED HALF-YEAR FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)

Note 15: Credit quality of loans and advances to customers (continued)

	Gross drawn exposures					Expected credit loss allowance
At 31 December 2022	Stage 1 £m	Stage 2 £m	Stage 3 £m	POCI £m	Total £m	Stage 1 £m	Stage 2 £m	Stage 3 £m	POCI £m	Total £m

Retail - UK mortgages
RMS 1-3	250,937	24,844	-	-	275,781	81	180	-	-	261
RMS 4-6	6,557	11,388	-	-	17,945	10	140	-	-	150
RMS 7-9	23	2,443	-	-	2,466	-	72	-	-	72
RMS 10	-	734	-	-	734	-	24	-	-	24
RMS 11-13	-	2,374	-	-	2,374	-	136	-	-	136
RMS 14	-	-	3,416	9,622	13,038	-	-	311	253	564
	257,517	41,783	3,416	9,622	312,338	91	552	311	253	1,207

Retail - credit cards
RMS 1-3	3,587	5	-	-	3,592	7	-	-	-	7
RMS 4-6	6,497	1,441	-	-	7,938	66	70	-	-	136
RMS 7-9	1,332	1,246	-	-	2,578	47	167	-	-	214
RMS 10	-	227	-	-	227	-	52	-	-	52
RMS 11-13	-	368	-	-	368	-	144	-	-	144
RMS 14	-	-	289	-	289	-	-	113	-	113
	11,416	3,287	289	-	14,992	120	433	113	-	666

Retail - loans and overdrafts
RMS 1-3	659	1	-	-	660	2	-	-	-	2
RMS 4-6	5,902	451	-	-	6,353	90	24	-	-	114
RMS 7-9	1,724	657	-	-	2,381	69	83	-	-	152
RMS 10	53	199	-	-	252	5	45	-	-	50
RMS 11-13	19	405	-	-	424	3	163	-	-	166
RMS 14	-	-	247	-	247	-	-	126	-	126
	8,357	1,713	247	-	10,317	169	315	126	-	610

Retail - UK Motor Finance
RMS 1-3	8,969	743	-	-	9,712	66	9	-	-	75
RMS 4-6	2,778	930	-	-	3,708	25	20	-	-	45
RMS 7-9	425	325	-	-	750	2	13	-	-	15
RMS 10	-	99	-	-	99	-	8	-	-	8
RMS 11-13	2	148	-	-	150	-	26	-	-	26
RMS 14	-	-	154	-	154	-	-	81	-	81
	12,174	2,245	154	-	14,573	93	76	81	-	250

Retail - other
RMS 1-3	12,588	328	-	-	12,916	9	4	-	-	13
RMS 4-6	1,311	213	-	-	1,524	4	11	-	-	15
RMS 7-9	-	90	-	-	90	-	3	-	-	3
RMS 10	-	5	-	-	5	-	-	-	-	-
RMS 11-13	91	7	-	-	98	-	-	-	-	-
RMS 14	-	-	157	-	157	-	-	52	-	52
	13,990	643	157	-	14,790	13	18	52	-	83
Total Retail	303,454	49,671	4,263	9,622	367,010	486	1,394	683	253	2,816

NOTES TO THE CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED HALF-YEAR FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)

Note 15: Credit quality of loans and advances to customers (continued)

	Gross drawn exposures					Expected credit loss allowance
At 31 December 2022	Stage 1 £m	Stage 2 £m	Stage 3 £m	POCI £m	Total £m	Stage 1 £m	Stage 2 £m	Stage 3 £m	POCI £m	Total £m

Commercial Banking
CMS 1-5	13,573	33	-	-	13,606	2	-	-	-	2
CMS 6-10	32,070	512	-	-	32,582	37	3	-	-	40
CMS 11-14	31,591	5,627	-	-	37,218	128	93	-	-	221
CMS 15-18	3,275	4,508	-	-	7,783	47	244	-	-	291
CMS 19	-	813	-	-	813	-	74	-	-	74
CMS 20-23	-	-	3,371	-	3,371	-	-	1,070	-	1,070
	80,509	11,493	3,371	-	95,373	214	414	1,070	-	1,698

Other¹	(2,972)	-	6	-	(2,966)	-	-	4	-	4
Total loans and advances to customers	380,991	61,164	7,640	9,622	459,417	700	1,808	1,757	253	4,518

In respect of:
Retail	303,454	49,671	4,263	9,622	367,010	486	1,394	683	253	2,816
Commercial Banking	80,509	11,493	3,371	-	95,373	214	414	1,070	-	1,698
Other¹	(2,972)	-	6	-	(2,966)	-	-	4	-	4
Total loans and advances to customers	380,991	61,164	7,640	9,622	459,417	700	1,808	1,757	253	4,518

¹ Gross drawn exposures include centralised fair value hedge accounting adjustments.

NOTES TO THE CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED HALF-YEAR FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)

Note 16: Allowance for expected credit losses

The Group recognises an allowance for expected credit losses (ECLs) for loans and advances to customers and banks, other financial assets held at amortised cost, financial assets measured at fair value through other comprehensive income and certain loan commitment and financial guarantee contracts. At 30 June 2023 the Group's expected credit loss allowance was £5,117 million (31 December 2022: £4,903 million), of which £4,795 million (31 December 2022: £4,580 million) was in respect of drawn balances.

The Group's total allowances for expected credit losses were as follows:

		Allowance for expected credit losses
At 30 June 2023	Stage 1 £m		Stage 2 £m		Stage 3 £m		POCI £m	Total £m

In respect of:
Loans and advances to banks		12		-		-	-	12
Loans and advances to customers		778		1,781		1,903	275	4,737
Debt securities		6		3		2	-	11
Financial assets at amortised cost		796		1,784		1,905	275	4,760
Other assets		-		-		35	-	35
Provisions in relation to loan commitments and financial guarantees		135		184		3	-	322
Total		931		1,968		1,943	275	5,117
Expected credit loss in respect of financial assets at fair value through other comprehensive income (memorandum item)		7		-		-	-	7

At 31 December 2022
In respect of:
Loans and advances to banks		13		2		-	-	15
Loans and advances to customers		700		1,808		1,757	253	4,518
Debt securities		8		-		1	-	9
Financial assets at amortised cost		721		1,810		1,758	253	4,542
Other assets		-		-		38	-	38
Provisions in relation to loan commitments and financial guarantees		134		185		4	-	323
Total		855		1,995		1,800	253	4,903
Expected credit loss in respect of financial assets at fair value through other comprehensive income (memorandum item)		9		-		-	-	9

NOTES TO THE CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED HALF-YEAR FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)

Note 16: Allowance for expected credit losses (continued)

The calculation of the Group's expected credit loss allowances and provisions against loan commitments and guarantees under IFRS 9 requires the Group to make a number of judgements, assumptions and estimates. These are set out in detail in the note 19 to the Group's financial statements for the year ended 31 December 2022. The principal changes made in the half-year to 30 June 2023 are as follows:

Base case and MES economic assumptions

The Group's updated base case scenario has three conditioning assumptions: first, the war in Ukraine remains contained within its borders; second, the financial stress emerging from some weak bank/insurer business models in the context of rising bond yields does not become systemic; and third, the Bank of England will continue to tighten policy until it is clear that inflation is returning to target.

Based on these assumptions and incorporating the economic data published in the second quarter of 2023, the Group's base case scenario is for a slow expansion of economic activity alongside a gradual rise in the unemployment rate. Increases in UK Bank Rate in response to persistent inflationary pressures trigger further declines in residential and commercial property prices. Risks around this base case economic view lie in both directions and are largely captured by the generation of alternative economic scenarios.

The Group has taken into account the latest available information at the reporting date in defining its base case scenario and generating alternative economic scenarios. The scenarios include forecasts for key variables in the second quarter of 2023, for which actuals may have since emerged prior to publication.

The Group's approach to generating alternative economic scenarios is set out in detail in note 19 to the financial statements for the year ended 31 December 2022. For June 2023, the Group continues to judge it appropriate to include a non-modelled severe downside scenario for Group ECL calculations. This adjusted scenario is considered to better reflect the risks around the Group's base case view in an economic environment where past supply shocks continue to unwind slowly.

Scenarios by year

The key UK economic assumptions made by the Group are shown in the following tables across a number of measures explained below.

Annual assumptions

Gross domestic product (GDP) and Consumer Price Index (CPI) inflation are presented as an annual change, house price growth and commercial real estate price growth are presented as the growth in the respective indices over each year. Unemployment rate and UK Bank Rate are averages over the year.

Five-year average

The five-year average reflects the average annual growth rate, or level, over the five-year period. It includes movements within the current reporting year, such that the position as of 30 June 2023 covers the five years 2023 to 2027. The inclusion of the reporting year within the five-year period reflects the need to predict variables which remain unpublished at the reporting date and recognises that credit models utilise both level and annual changes. The use of calendar years maintains a comparability between the annual assumptions presented.

NOTES TO THE CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED HALF-YEAR FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)

Note 16: Allowance for expected credit losses (continued)

At 30 June 2023	2023 %	2024 %	2025 %	2026 %	2027 %	2023 to 2027 average %

Upside
Gross domestic product	0.8	1.6	0.9	1.5	2.0	1.3
Unemployment rate	3.3	2.7	3.0	3.4	3.3	3.1
House price growth	(3.3)	2.4	7.8	7.5	7.3	4.3
Commercial real estate price growth	2.3	6.5	1.8	2.4	3.8	3.4
UK Bank Rate	5.39	7.00	6.57	5.76	5.63	6.07
CPI inflation	7.9	4.2	3.7	3.3	3.3	4.5

Base case
Gross domestic product	0.2	0.3	0.7	1.5	2.1	0.9
Unemployment rate	4.1	4.7	5.2	5.3	5.0	4.9
House price growth	(5.4)	(3.2)	0.8	2.8	4.8	(0.1)
Commercial real estate price growth	(3.9)	(0.2)	(0.3)	1.2	3.8	0.1
UK Bank Rate	5.06	5.44	4.63	3.69	3.50	4.46
CPI inflation	7.9	4.0	3.0	2.2	2.0	3.8

Downside
Gross domestic product	(0.6)	(1.5)	0.4	1.4	2.1	0.4
Unemployment rate	4.9	7.1	7.7	7.6	7.1	6.9
House price growth	(6.9)	(8.2)	(6.3)	(2.5)	2.2	(4.4)
Commercial real estate price growth	(9.2)	(7.0)	(3.7)	(1.4)	2.2	(3.9)
UK Bank Rate	4.73	3.67	2.37	1.30	1.04	2.62
CPI inflation	7.9	3.8	2.3	0.9	0.4	3.1

Severe downside
Gross domestic product	(1.5)	(2.8)	0.3	1.2	1.8	(0.2)
Unemployment rate	6.1	9.8	10.4	10.1	9.5	9.2
House price growth	(9.3)	(14.6)	(14.3)	(9.1)	(1.8)	(9.9)
Commercial real estate price growth	(17.5)	(16.5)	(9.0)	(6.1)	(0.4)	(10.1)
UK Bank Rate - modelled	4.26	1.73	0.48	0.08	0.04	1.32
UK Bank Rate - adjusted¹	5.69	7.00	4.94	3.88	3.50	5.00
CPI inflation - modelled	7.9	3.5	1.4	(0.5)	(1.3)	2.2
CPI inflation - adjusted¹	9.8	7.4	5.5	4.2	3.9	6.2

Probability-weighted
Gross domestic product	0.0	(0.2)	0.6	1.4	2.0	0.8
Unemployment rate	4.3	5.3	5.8	5.9	5.5	5.4
House price growth	(5.6)	(4.1)	(0.7)	1.4	4.1	(1.1)
Commercial real estate price growth	(5.0)	(1.9)	(1.5)	0.1	2.9	(1.1)
UK Bank Rate - modelled	4.98	5.00	4.12	3.23	3.05	4.08
UK Bank Rate - adjusted¹	5.12	5.53	4.56	3.61	3.40	4.45
CPI inflation - modelled	7.9	4.0	2.8	1.9	1.6	3.6
CPI inflation - adjusted¹	8.1	4.3	3.2	2.3	2.1	4.0

¹ The adjustment to UK Bank Rate and CPI inflation in the severe downside is considered to better reflect the risks to the Group's base case view in an economic environment where supply shocks are the principal concern.

NOTES TO THE CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED HALF-YEAR FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)

Note 16: Allowance for expected credit losses (continued)

At 31 December 2022	2022 %	2023 %	2024 %	2025 %	2026 %	2022 to 2026 average %

Upside
Gross domestic product	4.1	0.1	1.1	1.7	2.1	1.8
Unemployment rate	3.5	2.8	3.0	3.3	3.4	3.2
House price growth	2.4	(2.8)	6.5	9.0	8.0	4.5
Commercial real estate price growth	(9.4)	8.5	3.5	2.6	2.3	1.3
UK Bank Rate	1.94	4.95	4.98	4.63	4.58	4.22
CPI inflation	9.0	8.3	4.2	3.3	3.0	5.5

Base case
Gross domestic product	4.0	(1.2)	0.5	1.6	2.1	1.4
Unemployment rate	3.7	4.5	5.1	5.3	5.1	4.8
House price growth	2.0	(6.9)	(1.2)	2.9	4.4	0.2
Commercial real estate price growth	(11.8)	(3.3)	0.9	2.8	3.1	(1.8)
UK Bank Rate	1.94	4.00	3.38	3.00	3.00	3.06
CPI inflation	9.0	8.3	3.7	2.3	1.7	5.0

Downside
Gross domestic product	3.9	(3.0)	(0.5)	1.4	2.1	0.8
Unemployment rate	3.8	6.3	7.5	7.6	7.2	6.5
House price growth	1.6	(11.1)	(9.8)	(5.6)	(1.5)	(5.4)
Commercial real estate price growth	(13.9)	(15.0)	(3.7)	0.4	1.4	(6.4)
UK Bank Rate	1.94	2.93	1.39	0.98	1.04	1.65
CPI inflation	9.0	8.2	3.3	1.3	0.3	4.4

Severe downside
Gross domestic product	3.7	(5.2)	(1.0)	1.3	2.1	0.1
Unemployment rate	4.1	9.0	10.7	10.4	9.7	8.8
House price growth	1.1	(14.8)	(18.0)	(11.5)	(4.2)	(9.8)
Commercial real estate price growth	(17.3)	(28.8)	(9.9)	(1.3)	3.2	(11.6)
UK Bank Rate - modelled	1.94	1.41	0.20	0.13	0.14	0.76
UK Bank Rate - adjusted¹	2.44	7.00	4.88	3.31	3.25	4.18
CPI inflation - modelled	9.0	8.2	2.6	(0.1)	(1.6)	3.6
CPI inflation - adjusted¹	9.7	14.3	9.0	4.1	1.6	7.7

Probability-weighted
Gross domestic product	4.0	(1.8)	0.2	1.5	2.1	1.2
Unemployment rate	3.7	5.0	5.8	5.9	5.7	5.2
House price growth	1.9	(7.7)	(3.2)	0.7	2.9	(1.2)
Commercial real estate price growth	(12.3)	(5.8)	(0.8)	1.6	2.3	(3.1)
UK Bank Rate - modelled	1.94	3.70	2.94	2.59	2.60	2.76
UK Bank Rate - adjusted¹	1.99	4.26	3.41	2.91	2.91	3.10
CPI inflation - modelled	9.0	8.3	3.6	2.1	1.4	4.9
CPI inflation - adjusted¹	9.1	8.9	4.3	2.5	1.7	5.3

NOTES TO THE CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED HALF-YEAR FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)

Note 16: Allowance for expected credit losses (continued)

Base case scenario by quarter

Gross domestic product is presented quarter-on-quarter. House price growth, commercial real estate price growth and CPI inflation are presented year-on-year, i.e. from the equivalent quarter in the previous year. Unemployment rate and UK Bank Rate are presented as at the end of each quarter.

At 30 June 2023	First quarter 2023 %	Second quarter 2023 %	Third quarter 2023 %	Fourth quarter 2023 %	First quarter 2024 %	Second quarter 2024 %	Third quarter 2024 %	Fourth quarter 2024 %

Gross domestic product	0.1	(0.1)	0.1	(0.1)	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.2
Unemployment rate	3.9	4.0	4.2	4.4	4.5	4.7	4.8	4.9
House price growth	1.6	(2.5)	(6.4)	(5.4)	(9.1)	(9.5)	(6.2)	(3.2)
Commercial real estate price growth	(18.8)	(21.4)	(17.9)	(3.9)	(3.5)	(3.5)	(2.0)	(0.2)
UK Bank Rate	4.25	5.00	5.50	5.50	5.50	5.50	5.50	5.25
CPI inflation	10.2	8.7	7.3	5.3	4.8	3.6	3.8	3.7

At 31 December 2022	First quarter 2022 %	Second quarter 2022 %	Third quarter 2022 %	Fourth quarter 2022 %	First quarter 2023 %	Second quarter 2023 %	Third quarter 2023 %	Fourth quarter 2023 %

Gross domestic product	0.6	0.1	(0.3)	(0.4)	(0.4)	(0.4)	(0.2)	(0.1)
Unemployment rate	3.7	3.8	3.6	3.7	4.0	4.4	4.7	4.9
House price growth	11.1	12.5	9.8	2.0	(3.0)	(8.4)	(9.8)	(6.9)
Commercial real estate price growth	18.0	18.0	8.4	(11.8)	(16.9)	(19.8)	(15.9)	(3.3)
UK Bank Rate	0.75	1.25	2.25	3.50	4.00	4.00	4.00	4.00
CPI inflation	6.2	9.2	10.0	10.7	10.0	8.9	8.0	6.1

NOTES TO THE CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED HALF-YEAR FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)

Note 16: Allowance for expected credit losses (continued)

ECL sensitivity to economic assumptions

The table below shows the Group's ECL for the probability-weighted, upside, base case, downside and severe downside scenarios, with the severe downside scenario incorporating adjustments made to CPI inflation and UK Bank Rate paths. The stage allocation for an asset is based on the overall scenario probability-weighted PD and hence the staging of assets is constant across all the scenarios. In each economic scenario the ECL for individual assessments and post-model adjustments is typically held constant reflecting the basis on which they are evaluated. However, post-model adjustments in Commercial Banking have been apportioned across the scenarios to better reflect the sensitivity of these adjustments to each scenario. Judgements applied through changes to model inputs are reflected in the scenario ECL sensitivities. The probability-weighted view shows the extent to which a higher ECL allowance has been recognised to take account of multiple economic scenarios relative to the base case; the uplift being £692 million for 30 June 2023 and 31 December 2022.

At 30 June 2023	Probability- weighted £m		Upside £m	Base case £m	Downside £m	Severe downside £m

UK mortgages		1,331	544	878	1,502	4,535
Credit cards		769	606	731	842	1,155
Other Retail		1,030	921	1,005	1,075	1,294
Commercial Banking		1,943	1,573	1,767	2,124	3,041
Other		44	44	44	45	45
ECL allowance		5,117	3,688	4,425	5,588	10,070

At 31 December 2022
UK mortgages		1,209	514	790	1,434	3,874
Credit cards		763	596	727	828	1,180
Other Retail		1,016	907	992	1,056	1,290
Commercial Banking		1,869	1,459	1,656	2,027	3,261
Other		46	46	46	47	47
ECL allowance		4,903	3,522	4,211	5,392	9,652

The impact of changes in the UK unemployment rate and House Price Index (HPI) have also been assessed. Although such changes would not be observed in isolation, as economic indicators tend to be correlated in a coherent scenario, this gives insight into the sensitivity of the Group's ECL to gradual changes in these two critical economic factors. The assessment has been made against the base case with the reported staging unchanged and is assessed through the direct impact on modelled ECL only.

The table below shows the impact on the Group's ECL resulting from a 1 percentage point (pp) increase or decrease in the UK unemployment rate. The increase or decrease is presented based on the adjustment phased evenly over the first ten quarters of the base case scenario. An immediate increase or decrease would drive a more material ECL impact as it would be fully reflected in both 12-month and lifetime PDs.

	At 30 June 2023			At 31 December 2022
1pp increase in unemployment £m		1pp decrease in unemployment £m		1pp increase in unemployment £m	1pp decrease in unemployment £m

UK mortgages	35		(21)	26	(21)
Credit cards	39		(39)	41	(41)
Other Retail	24		(24)	25	(25)
Commercial Banking	88		(83)	100	(91)
ECL impact	186		(167)	192	(178)

NOTES TO THE CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED HALF-YEAR FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)

Note 16: Allowance for expected credit losses (continued)

The table below shows the impact on the Group's ECL in respect of UK mortgages resulting from an increase or decrease in loss given default for a 10 percentage point (pp) increase or decrease in the UK House Price Index (HPI). The increase or decrease is presented based on the adjustment phased evenly over the first ten quarters of the base case scenario.

	At 30 June 2023		At 31 December 2022
	10pp increase in HPI	10pp decrease in HPI	10pp increase in HPI	10pp decrease in HPI

ECL impact, £m	(226)	366	(225)	370

Application of judgement in adjustments to modelled ECL

Impairment models fall within the Group's model risk framework with model monitoring, periodic validation and back testing performed on model components (i.e. probability of default, exposure at default and loss given default). Limitations in the Group's impairment models or data inputs may be identified through the ongoing assessment and validation of the output of the models. In these circumstances, management make appropriate adjustments to the Group's allowance for impairment losses to ensure that the overall provision adequately reflects all material risks. These adjustments are determined by considering the particular attributes of exposures which have not been adequately captured by the impairment models and range from changes to model inputs and parameters, at account level, through to more qualitative post-model adjustments.

During 2022 the intensifying inflationary pressures, alongside rising interest rates within the Group's outlook created further risks not deemed to be fully captured by ECL models. This has required judgements to be added to capture affordability risks from inflationary and rising interest rate pressures. These risks have increased further in the first half of 2023 with additional judgemental adjustments taken. At 30 June 2023 total management judgement resulted in additional ECL allowances of £245 million (31 December 2022: £330 million).

The table below analyses total ECL allowance by portfolio, separately identifying the amounts that have been modelled, those that have been individually assessed and those arising through the application of management judgement.

					Judgements due to:
At 30 June 2023	Modelled ECL £m	Individually assessed £m		Inflationary and interest rate risk £m		Other¹ £m		Total ECL £m

UK mortgages	1,082		-		86		163	1,331
Credit cards	718		-		100		(49)	769
Other Retail	945		-		56		29	1,030
Commercial Banking	983		1,100		-		(140)	1,943
Other	44		-		-		-	44
Total	3,772		1,100		242		3	5,117

At 31 December 2022
UK mortgages	946		-		49		214	1,209
Credit cards	698		-		93		(28)	763
Other Retail	903		-		53		60	1,016
Commercial Banking	972		1,008		-		(111)	1,869
Other	46		-		-		-	46
Total	3,565		1,008		195		135	4,903

¹ 2022 includes £1 million which was previously reported within judgements due to COVID-19.

NOTES TO THE CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED HALF-YEAR FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)

Note 16: Allowance for expected credit losses (continued)

Judgements due to inflationary and interest rate risk

UK mortgages: £86 million (31 December 2022: £49 million)

Inflationary and interest rate pressures: £86 million (31 December 2022: £49 million)

There has been modest evidence of credit deterioration in the UK mortgages portfolio through the first half of 2023 despite the high levels of inflation and the rising interest rate environment. Increases in new to arrears and defaults that have emerged are mainly driven by variable-rate customers, who have experienced material increases in their monthly payment. Mortgage ECL models use bank base rate as a driver of predicted defaults and that has contributed materially to the elevated levels of ECL at 30 June 2023. However, there remains a potential risk to affordability from continued inflationary pressures combined with higher interest rates, and that this may not be fully captured by the Group's ECL models. This risk is to customers maturing from low fixed rate deals, the building impact on variable rate product holders, lower levels of real household income and rental cover value.

The level of risk is somewhat mitigated from stressed affordability assessments applied at loan origination which means most customers are anticipated to be able to absorb payment shocks. A judgemental uplift in ECL has therefore been taken in specific segments of the mortgages portfolio, either where inflation is expected to present a more material risk, or where segments within the model do not recognise bank base rate as a material driver of predicted defaults. The increase in judgemental ECL during the period recognises the heightened risk within the interest-only segment and potential default suppression due to increased monthly payments diluting the relative scale of amounts in arrears.

Credit cards: £100 million (31 December 2022: £93 million) and Other Retail: £56 million (31 December: £53 million)

Inflationary risk on Retail segments: Credit cards £100 million (31 December 2022: £93 million) and Other Retail: £56 million (31 December 2022: £53 million)

The Group's ECL models for credit cards and personal loan portfolios use predictions of wage growth to account for future affordability stress. As elevated inflation erodes nominal wage growth, adjustments have been made to the econometric models to account for real, rather than nominal, income to produce adjusted predicted defaults. These adjustments also include the specific risk to affordability from increased housing costs, not captured by CPI. As these adjustments are made within predicted default models, they are calculated under each economic scenario and impact the staging of assets through increased PDs.

Alongside these portfolio-wide adjustments management have also made an additional uplift to ECL for customers with lower income levels and higher indebtedness deemed most vulnerable to inflationary pressures and interest rate rises. Although this segment of customers has not exhibited any greater stress to date, uplifts continue to be applied to recognise that continued inflation and interest rates pose a greater proportionate risk in future periods.

Other judgements

UK mortgages: £163 million (31 December 2022: £214 million)

These adjustments principally comprise:

Increase in time to repossession: £120 million (31 December 2022: £118 million)

Due to the Group suspending mortgage litigation activity between late-2014 and mid-2018 due to policy changes for the treatment of arrears, and as collections strategy normalises post COVID-19 pandemic, the Group's experience of possessions data on which our models rely on is limited. This reflects an adjustment made to allow for an increase in the time assumed between default and repossession. Provision coverage is therefore uplifted to the equivalent levels of those accounts already in repossession on an estimated shortfall of balances expected to flow to possession. A further adjustment is made to accounts which have been in default for more than 24 months, with an arrears balance increase in the last six months. These accounts have their probability of possession set to 70 per cent based on observed historical losses incurred on accounts that were of an equivalent status.

NOTES TO THE CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED HALF-YEAR FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)

Note 16: Allowance for expected credit losses (continued)

Other judgements (continued)

Asset recovery values: £89 million (31 December 2022: £69 million)

Due to low repossession volumes, sales data informing the estimated level of discount in the event of repossessions has been limited, impacting the ability to update model parameters. Despite these low volumes, since 2020 the observed asset recovery sale values have remained broadly the same on the limited volumes seen, however the indexed valuation within the model has shown an increasing trend due to HPI increases, therefore management consider it appropriate to uplift ECL to reflect expected recovery values. The increase in the judgement reflects an enhancement in the assessment approach as well as increased volumes of predicted defaults against which the adjustment is applied.

Adjustment for specific segments: £25 million (31 December 2022: £25 million)

The Group monitors risks across specific segments of its portfolios which may not be fully captured through wider collective models. The judgement for fire safety and cladding uncertainty has been maintained. Though experience remains limited the risk is considered sufficiently material to address through judgement, given that there is evidence of assessed cases having defective cladding, or other fire safety issues.

Adjustment for Stage 2 oversensitivity: £(72) million (31 December 2022: £nil)

The observed mortgages ECL model oversensitivity to the economic forecast movements is driven by model limitations such as lack of forward looking origination PD and movement from application to behaviour scorecards, amplified by the worsening economic outlook. Management have applied a judgement to mitigate the Stage 2 oversensitivity in recent vintages where the impact is most materially observed.

Credit cards: £(49) million (31 December 2022: £(28) million) and Other Retail: £29 million (31 December 2022: £60 million)

These adjustments principally comprise:

Lifetime extension on revolving products: Credit cards: £73 million (31 December 2022: £82 million) and Other Retail: £12 million (31 December 2022 £14 million)

An adjustment is required to extend the lifetime used for Stage 2 exposures on Retail revolving products from a three year modelled lifetime, which reflected the outcome data available when the ECL models were developed. Incremental defaults beyond year three are calculated through the extrapolation of the default trajectory observed throughout the three years and beyond. The judgement has reduced slightly in the period following refinement to the discounting methodology applied.

Adjustments to loss given defaults (LGDs): Credit cards: £(109) million (31 December 2022: £(96) million) and Other Retail: £12 million (31 December 2022: £13 million)

A number of adjustments have been made to the loss given default assumptions used within unsecured and motor credit models. These include largely favourable impacts on ECL in relation to the alignment of MBNA credit card cure rates as collection strategies harmonise and adjustments to capture recent improvements in observed cure rates across all portfolios. These adjustments will be released once incorporated into models through future recalibration which is pending model development. The additional benefit in the period is driven by a greater proportion of charged off accounts being eligible for debt sale.

Commercial Banking: £(140) million (31 December 2022: £(111) million)

These adjustments principally comprise:

Corporate insolvency rates: £(147) million (31 December 2022: £(35) million)

During the first half of 2023, the volume of UK corporate insolvencies continued to exhibit an increasing trend beyond December 2019 levels, revealing a marked dislocation between observed UK corporate insolvencies and the Group's credit performance. This dislocation gives rise to uncertainty over the drivers of observed trends and the appropriateness of the Group's Commercial Banking model response which uses observed UK corporate insolvencies data to anchor future loss estimates to. Given the Group's asset quality remains strong with low new defaults, a negative adjustment is applied by using the long-term average rate. The larger negative adjustment in the period reflects the widening gap between the increasing industry level and the long term average rate used.

NOTES TO THE CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED HALF-YEAR FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)

Note 16: Allowance for expected credit losses (continued)

Other judgements (continued)

Adjustments to loss given defaults (LGDs): £(105) million (31 December 2022: £(105) million)

Following a review on the loss given default approach for commercial exposures management deem ECL should be adjusted to mitigate limitations identified in the approach which are causing loss given defaults to be inflated. These include the benefit from amortisation of exposures relative to collateral values at default and a move to an exposure-weighted approach being adopted. These temporary adjustments will be addressed through future model development.

Commercial Real Estate (CRE) price reduction: £83 million (31 December 2022: £nil)

Rolling the forecast model forwards into the period has resulted in the material fall in CRE prices seen in late 2022 moving out of the model assumptions used to assess ECL. Given the model uses change in the metric as a driver of defaults and losses there is a risk that the model benefit that arises does not reflect the residual risk caused by the sustained low level of prices. Management therefore consider it appropriate to judgementally reinstate the CRE price drop within the ECL model assumptions given the materially reduced level in CRE prices could still trigger additional defaults.

Note 17: Debt securities in issue

	At 30 June 2023			At 31 December 2022
	At fair value through profit or loss £m	At amortised cost £m	Total £m	At fair value through profit or loss £m	At amortised cost £m	Total £m

Medium-term notes issued	4,929	34,854	39,783	5,133	36,819	41,952
Covered bonds	-	12,529	12,529	-	14,242	14,242
Certificates of deposit issued	-	8,963	8,963	-	7,225	7,225
Securitisation notes	25	3,471	3,496	26	2,780	2,806
Commercial paper	-	19,447	19,447	-	12,753	12,753
	4,954	79,264	84,218	5,159	73,819	78,978

The notes issued by the Group's securitisation and covered bond programmes are held by external parties and by subsidiaries of the Group.

Securitisation programmes

At 30 June 2023, external parties held £3,496 million (31 December 2022: £2,806 million) of the Group's securitisation notes in issue; these notes, together with those held internally, are secured on loans and advances to customers and debt securities held at amortised cost amounting to £30,921 million (31 December 2022: £29,384 million), the majority of which have been sold by subsidiary companies to bankruptcy remote structured entities. The structured entities are consolidated fully and all of these loans are retained on the Group's balance sheet.

Covered bond programmes

At 30 June 2023, external parties held £12,529 million (31 December 2022: £14,242 million) of the Group's covered bonds in issue; these bonds, together with those held internally, are secured on certain loans and advances to customers amounting to £25,818 million (31 December 2022: £28,231 million) that have been assigned to bankruptcy remote limited liability partnerships. These loans are retained on the Group's balance sheet.

The Group holds cash deposits of £3,677 million (31 December 2022: £3,896 million) which support the debt securities issued by the structured entities, the term advances related to covered bonds and other legal obligations.

NOTES TO THE CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED HALF-YEAR FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)

Note 18: Measurement components of insurance contracts and participating investment contracts

At 30 June 2023	Present value of future cash flows £m	Risk adjustment¹ £m		Contractual service margin² £m		Total £m

Insurance contract assets³	2		-		(2)	-
Liabilities arising from insurance contracts and participating investment contracts⁴	(108,194)		(1,208)		(4,164)	(113,566)
Net liabilities	(108,192)		(1,208)		(4,166)	(113,566)

At 31 December 2022
Insurance contract assets³	-		-		-	-
Liabilities arising from insurance contracts and participating investment contracts⁴	(104,881)		(1,187)		(4,210)	(110,278)
Net liabilities	(104,881)		(1,187)		(4,210)	(110,278)

At 1 January 2022
Insurance contract assets³	149		(53)		(72)	24
Liabilities arising from insurance contracts and participating investment contracts⁴	(121,620)		(1,617)		(1,942)	(125,179)
Net liabilities	(121,471)		(1,670)		(2,014)	(125,155)

¹ The increase in the risk adjustment during the period included £42 million, net of reinsurance, arising on the initial recognition of contracts issued in the period (half-year to 30 June 2022: £146 million; half-year to 31 December 2022: £497 million), which included £nil (half-year to 30 June 2022: £98 million; half-year to 31 December 2022: £453 million) arising on the contracts that were modified and recognised as new contracts during the period.

² The increase in the CSM during the period included £56 million, net of reinsurance, arising on the initial recognition of contracts issued in the period (half-year to 30 June 2022: £504 million; half-year to 31 December 2022: £1,266 million), which included £nil (half-year to 30 June 2022: £487 million; half-year to 31 December 2022: £1,243 million) arising on the contracts that were modified and recognised as new contracts during the period.

³ Included within other assets.

⁴ Liabilities arising from insurance and participating investment contracts substantially all relates to liability for remaining coverage.

NOTES TO THE CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED HALF-YEAR FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)

Note 19: Retirement benefit obligations

The Group's post-retirement defined benefit scheme obligations are comprised as follows:

	At 30 Jun 2023 £m	At 31 Dec 2022 £m

Defined benefit pension schemes:
Present value of funded obligations	(27,482)	(28,965)
Fair value of scheme assets	32,081	32,697
Net pension scheme asset	4,599	3,732
Other post-retirement schemes	(34)	(35)
Total amounts recognised in the balance sheet	4,565	3,697

Recognised on the balance sheet as:
Retirement benefit assets	4,685	3,823
Retirement benefit obligations	(120)	(126)
Total amounts recognised in the balance sheet	4,565	3,697

Movements in the Group's net post-retirement defined benefit scheme asset during the period were as follows:

	£m

Asset at 1 January 2023	3,697
Income statement charge	37
Employer contributions	950
Remeasurement	(119)
Asset at 30 June 2023	4,565

The charge to the income statement in respect of pensions and other post-retirement benefit schemes is comprised as follows:

	Half-year to 30 Jun 2023 £m	Half-year to 30 Jun 2022 £m	Half-year to 31 Dec 2022 £m

Defined benefit schemes	(37)	68	57
Defined contribution schemes	190	167	163
Total charge to the income statement	153	235	220

The principal assumptions used in the valuations of the defined benefit pension schemes were as follows:

	At 30 Jun 2023 %	At 31 Dec 2022 %

Discount rate	5.39	4.93
Rate of inflation:
Retail Price Index (RPI)	3.22	3.13
Consumer Price Index (CPI)	2.77	2.69
Rate of salary increases	0.00	0.00
Weighted-average rate of increase for pensions in payment	2.89	2.84

NOTES TO THE CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED HALF-YEAR FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)

Note 20: Other provisions

Provisions for financial commitments and guarantees £m		Regulatory and legal provisions £m	Other £m	Total £m

At 1 January 2023¹	323	803	677	1,803
Exchange and other adjustments	(2)	(3)	2	(3)
Provisions applied	-	(111)	(199)	(310)
Charge for the period	1	70	64	135
At 30 June 2023	322	759	544	1,625

¹ Restated for the adoption of IFRS 17; see notes 1, 24 and 25.

Regulatory and legal provisions

In the course of its business, the Group engages in discussions with the PRA, FCA and other UK and overseas regulators and other governmental authorities on a range of matters on a regular basis, including legal and regulatory reviews and, from time to time, enforcement investigations (including in relation to compliance with applicable laws and regulations, such as those relating to prudential regulation, consumer protection, investment advice, business conduct, systems and controls, competition/antitrust, tax, anti-bribery, anti-money laundering and sanctions). Any matters discussed or identified during such discussions and inquiries may result in, among other things, further inquiry or investigation, other action being taken by governmental and/or regulatory authorities, increased costs being incurred by the Group, remediation of systems and controls, public or private censure, restriction of the Group's business activities and/or fines. The Group also receives complaints in connection with its past conduct and claims brought by or on behalf of current and former employees, customers, investors and other third parties and is subject to legal proceedings and other legal actions from time to time. Any events or circumstances mentioned herein or below could have a material adverse effect on the Group's financial position, operations or cash flows. Where significant, provisions are held against the costs and/or liabilities expected to be incurred in relation to these matters and matters arising from related internal reviews. However, the impact of such matters cannot always be predicted with certainty and the ultimate liability of the Group may be significantly more, or less, than the amount of any provision recognised. During the half-year to 30 June 2023 the Group charged a further £70 million in respect of legal actions and other regulatory matters and the unutilised balance at 30 June 2023 was £759 million (31 December 2022: £803 million). The most significant items are as follows:

HBOS Reading - review

The Group continues to apply the recommendations from Sir Ross Cranston's review, issued in December 2019, including a reassessment of direct and consequential losses by an independent panel (the Foskett Panel), an extension of debt relief and a wider definition of de facto directors. The Foskett Panel's full scope and methodology was published on 7 July 2020. The Foskett Panel's stated objective is to consider cases via a non-legalistic and fair process and to make their decisions in a generous, fair and common sense manner, assessing claims against an expanded definition of the fraud and on a lower evidential basis.

The provision, unchanged from 2022, includes operational costs in relation to Dame Linda Dobbs's review, which is considering whether the issues relating to HBOS Reading were investigated and appropriately reported by the Group during the period from January 2009 to January 2017, and other programme costs. A significant proportion of the provision relates to the estimated future awards from the Foskett Panel, and is materially dependent on the assumption that the number of awards to date are representative of the full population of cases.

In June 2022, the Foskett Panel announced an alternative option, in the form of a fixed sum award which could be accepted as an alternative to participation in the full re-review process, to support earlier resolution of claims for those deemed by the Foskett Panel to be victims of the fraud. Around three-quarters of the population have now had outcomes via this new process. Notwithstanding the settled claims and the increase in coverage which builds confidence in the full estimated cost, uncertainties remain and the final outcome could be different from the current provision once the re-review is concluded by the Foskett Panel. There is no confirmed timeline for the completion of the Foskett Panel re-review process nor the review by Dame Linda Dobbs. The Group is committed to implementing Sir Ross's recommendations in full.

NOTES TO THE CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED HALF-YEAR FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)

Note 20: Other provisions (continued)

Payment protection insurance

The Group has incurred costs for PPI over a number of years totalling £21,960 million. The Group continues to challenge PPI litigation cases, with mainly legal fees and operational costs associated with litigation activity recognised within regulatory and legal provisions. PPI litigation remains inherently uncertain, with a number of key court judgments due to be delivered in 2023.

Customer claims in relation to insurance branch business in Germany

The Group continues to receive claims from customers in Germany relating to policies issued by Clerical Medical Investment Group Limited (subsequently renamed Scottish Widows Limited), with smaller numbers of claims received from customers in Austria and Italy. The Group had provided £709 million up to 31 December 2022 and no further amounts have been provided in the half-year, with an unutilised provision at 30 June 2023 of £79 million.

Other

The Group carries provisions of £97 million (31 December 2022: £112 million) in respect of dilapidations, rent reviews and other property-related matters.

Provisions are also made for staff and other costs related to Group restructuring initiatives at the point at which the Group becomes committed to the expenditure; at 30 June 2023 provisions of £97 million (31 December 2022: £112 million) were held.

The Group carries provisions of £44 million (31 December 2022: £86 million) for indemnities and other matters relating to legacy business disposals in prior years. Whilst there remains significant uncertainty as to the timing of the utilisation of the provisions, the Group expects the majority of the remaining provisions to have been utilised by 31 December 2026.

Note 21: Contingent liabilities, commitments and guarantees

Interchange fees

With respect to multi-lateral interchange fees (MIFs), the Group is not a party in the ongoing or threatened litigation which involves the card schemes Visa and Mastercard (as described below). However, the Group is a member/licensee of Visa and Mastercard and other card schemes. The litigation in question is as follows:

• Litigation brought by or on behalf of retailers against both Visa and Mastercard in the English Courts, in which retailers are seeking damages on grounds that Visa and Mastercard's MIFs breached competition law (this includes a judgment of the Supreme Court in June 2020 upholding the Court of Appeal's finding in 2018 that certain historic interchange arrangements of Mastercard and Visa infringed competition law)

• Litigation brought on behalf of UK consumers in the English Courts against Mastercard

Any impact on the Group of the litigation against Visa and Mastercard remains uncertain at this time, such that it is not practicable for the Group to provide an estimate of any potential financial effect. Insofar as Visa is required to pay damages to retailers for interchange fees set prior to June 2016, contractual arrangements to allocate liability have been agreed between various UK banks (including the Group) and Visa Inc, as part of Visa Inc's acquisition of Visa Europe in 2016. These arrangements cap the maximum amount of liability to which the Group may be subject and this cap is set at the cash consideration received by the Group for the sale of its stake in Visa Europe to Visa Inc in 2016. In 2016, the Group received Visa preference shares as part of the consideration for the sale of its shares in Visa Europe. A release assessment is carried out by Visa on certain anniversaries of the sale (in line with the Visa Europe sale documentation) and as a result, some Visa preference shares may be converted into Visa Inc Class A common stock from time to time. Any such release and any subsequent sale of Visa common stock does not impact the contingent liability.

NOTES TO THE CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED HALF-YEAR FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)

Note 21: Contingent liabilities, commitments and guarantees (continued)

LIBOR and other trading rates

Certain Group companies, together with other panel banks, have been named as defendants in ongoing private lawsuits, including purported class action suits, in the US in connection with their roles as panel banks contributing to the setting of US Dollar, Japanese Yen and Sterling London Interbank Offered Rate and the Australian BBSW reference rate.

Certain Group companies are also named as defendants in (i) UK-based claims; and (ii) two Dutch class actions, raising LIBOR manipulation allegations. A number of claims against the Group in the UK relating to the alleged mis-sale of interest rate hedging products also include allegations of LIBOR manipulation.

It is currently not possible to predict the scope and ultimate outcome on the Group of ongoing private lawsuits or any related challenges to the interpretation or validity of any of the Group's contractual arrangements, including their timing and scale. As such, it is not practicable to provide an estimate of any potential financial effect.

Tax authorities

The Group has an open matter in relation to a claim for group relief of losses incurred in its former Irish banking subsidiary, which ceased trading on 31 December 2010. In 2013, HMRC informed the Group that its interpretation of the UK rules means that the group relief is not available. In 2020, HMRC concluded their enquiry into the matter and issued a closure notice. The Group's interpretation of the UK rules has not changed and hence it appealed to the First Tier Tax Tribunal, with a hearing having taken place in May 2023. If the final determination of the matter by the judicial process is that HMRC's position is correct, management estimate that this would result in an increase in current tax liabilities of approximately £895 million (including interest) and a reduction in the Group's deferred tax asset of approximately £295 million. The Group, following conclusion of the hearing and having taken appropriate advice, does not consider that this is a case where additional tax will ultimately fall due.

There are a number of other open matters on which the Group is in discussions with HMRC (including the tax treatment of certain costs arising from the divestment of TSB Banking Group plc), none of which is expected to have a material impact on the financial position of the Group.

Motor commission review

Following the FCA's Motor Market review, the Group continues to receive court claims and complaints, including some complaints which are with the Financial Ombudsman Service (with whom the Group has been engaging), in respect of historical motor commission arrangements, and may be subject to further challenges to the Group's motor commission arrangements. There is currently uncertainty about the ultimate outcomes of ongoing complaints and claims and of any challenges related to them and, in each case, the extent of those final outcomes' wider applicability. This means the financial impact and/or the scope and/or nature of remediation requirements, if any, is not possible to predict with certainty at present.

Other legal actions and regulatory matters

In addition, in the course of its business the Group is subject to other complaints and threatened or actual legal proceedings (including class or group action claims) brought by or on behalf of current or former employees, customers, investors or other third parties, as well as legal and regulatory reviews, enquiries and examinations, requests for information, audits, challenges, investigations and enforcement actions, which could relate to a number of issues, including financial, environmental, compliance, conduct or other regulatory matters, some of which may be beyond the Group's control, both in the UK and overseas. Where material, such matters are periodically reassessed, with the assistance of external professional advisers where appropriate, to determine the likelihood of the Group incurring a liability. In those instances where it is concluded that it is more likely than not that a payment will be made, a provision is established based on management's best estimate of the amount required at the relevant balance sheet date, although the recognition of a provision does not amount to an admission of liability or wrongdoing on the part of the Group. In some cases it will not be possible to form a view, for example because the facts are unclear or because further time is needed to assess properly the merits of the case, and no provisions are held in relation to such matters. In these circumstances, specific disclosure in relation to a contingent liability will be made where material. The Group does not currently expect the final outcome of any such case to have a material adverse effect on its financial position, operations or cash flows. Where there is a contingent liability related to an existing provision the relevant disclosures are included within note 20.

NOTES TO THE CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED HALF-YEAR FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)

Note 21: Contingent liabilities, commitments and guarantees (continued)

Contingent liabilities, commitments and guarantees arising from the banking business

At 30 June 2023 total contingent liabilities were £2,741 million (31 December 2022: £2,986 million). Total commitments and guarantees were £144,332 million (31 December 2022: £143,795 million), of which £75,573 million (2022: £74,692 million) was irrevocable.

Note 22: Interest rate benchmark reform

The Group continues to manage the transition to alternative benchmark rates under its Group-wide IBOR transition programme. Following the successful completion of industry events, including the two London Clearing House USD derivatives transition events in the second quarter, the Group has transitioned the substantial majority of its LIBOR products, with most of the remainder being USD uncleared derivatives that are due to transition under the ISDA protocol. The Group continues to work with customers to transition a small number of remaining contracts that are not subject to the above events and either have yet to transition or have defaulted to the relevant synthetic LIBOR benchmark in the interim.

While the volume of outstanding transactions impacted by IBOR benchmark reforms continues to reduce, the Group does not expect material changes to its risk management approach.

Note 23: Dividends on ordinary shares and share buyback

An interim dividend for 2023 of 0.92 pence per ordinary share (half-year to 30 June 2022: 0.80 pence per ordinary share) will be paid on 12 September 2023. The total amount of this dividend is £594 million, before the impact of any further cancellations of shares under the Group's buyback programme (half-year to 30 June 2022: £545 million, following cancellations of shares under the Group's buyback programme up to the record date, was paid to shareholders).

On 19 May 2023, a final dividend in respect of 2022 of 1.60 pence per ordinary share, totalling £1,059 million, following cancellations of shares under the Group's buyback programme up to the record date, was paid to shareholders.

Shareholders who have already joined the dividend reinvestment plan will automatically receive ordinary shares instead of the cash dividend. Key dates for the payment of the recommended dividend are outlined on page 123.

On 23 February 2023 the Group commenced an ordinary share buyback programme to repurchase outstanding ordinary shares. As at 30 June 2023, the Group has bought back and cancelled c.3.3 billion ordinary shares under the programme, for a total consideration of £1,523 million.

NOTES TO THE CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED HALF-YEAR FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)

Note 24: Implementation of IFRS 17 Insurance contracts

Set out below are the accounting policies adopted for insurance and participating investment contracts in the preparation of these condensed consolidated financial statements following the adoption of IFRS 17 at 1 January 2023.

Insurance and participating investment contracts

The Group enters into insurance contracts, reinsurance contracts (issued and held) and participating investment contracts.

• Insurance contracts are contracts that transfer significant insurance risk and may also transfer financial risk. The Group defines significant insurance risk as the possibility of having to pay benefits on the occurrence of an insured event which are significantly higher than the benefits payable if the insured event were not to occur. Once a contract has been classified as an insurance contract, it remains an insurance contract until all obligations are extinguished, even if the insurance risk reduces significantly over time, unless that contract is derecognised due to a contract modification. These contracts may be classified as direct participating contracts or contracts without direct participation features. Contracts without direct participation features are accounted for using the general measurement model (GMM) for life contracts or the premium allocation approach (PAA) for general insurance contracts. Direct participating contracts are contracts for which, at inception, the contractual terms specify the policyholders participate in a clearly identified pool of underlying items. Under the terms of these contracts the policyholders are entitled to a substantial share of the returns and change in fair value of the underlying items. These contracts are accounted for under the variable fee approach (VFA).

• Participating investment contracts are investment contracts that contain a discretionary participation feature (DPF). They do not transfer significant insurance risk, but contain a contractual right to receive, as a supplement to an amount not subject to the discretion of the Group, additional amounts that are expected to be a significant portion of the total contractual benefits. The timing or amount of these additional amounts are at the discretion of the Group and are contractually based on the returns on a specified pool of contracts or type of contract, returns on a specified pool of assets held by the Group or profit or loss of a fund.

• For certain insurance and investment contracts, the contract can be partly invested in units which contain a DPF and partly in units without. In these circumstances, where the contract also contains features that transfer significant insurance risk, they are classified as insurance contracts. Where this is not the case, and the discretionary cash flows are expected to be a significant portion of the total contractual benefits, they are classified as participating investment contracts. Where the discretionary cash flows are not expected to be a significant portion of the total contractual benefits, they are classified as financial instruments. The investment component of the insurance and participating investment contract is non-distinct and is not separated.

(1) Life insurance business

(i) Accounting for insurance and participating investment contracts

Recognition

The Group aggregates insurance and participating investment contracts into portfolios of contracts subject to similar risks and managed together. Each portfolio of insurance contracts is divided into annual cohorts (by year of issue). Annual cohorts are divided into groups of insurance and participating investment contracts based on profitability expectations at initial recognition. The directly attributable costs of selling, underwriting and starting a group of insurance and participating investment contracts are allocated to the group of insurance and participating investment contracts using a systematic and rational method.

On initial recognition, a group of insurance and participating investment contracts is measured as the total of the fulfilment cash flows and the contractual service margin (CSM). The measurement includes all future cash flows that are within the contract boundary of each contract in the group. The fulfilment cash flows comprise unbiased and probability-weighted estimates of future cash flows, discounted to present value to reflect the time value of money and financial risks, plus an explicit risk adjustment for non-financial risk. The discount rate applied reflects the time value of money, the characteristics of the cash flows, the liquidity characteristics of the insurance and participating investment contracts and, where appropriate, is consistent with observable current market prices. The risk adjustment for non-financial risk for a group of insurance and participating investment contracts is the compensation required for bearing the uncertainty about the amount and timing of the cash flows that arises from non-financial risk. The CSM of a group of insurance and participating investment contracts represents the unearned profit that the Group expects to recognise as it provides insurance contract services under those contracts in the future.

NOTES TO THE CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED HALF-YEAR FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)

Note 24: Implementation of IFRS 17 Insurance contracts (continued)

Measurement

The carrying amount of a group of insurance contracts at each reporting date is the sum of the liability for remaining coverage (LRC) and the liability for incurred claims (LIC). The LRC comprises the fulfilment cash flows that relate to services that will be provided under the contracts in future periods and any remaining CSM at that date. The LIC includes the fulfilment cash flows for incurred claims and expenses that have not yet been paid, including claims that have been incurred but not yet reported. The fulfilment cash flows of groups of insurance contracts are measured at the reporting date using current estimates of future cash flows, current discount rates and current estimates of the risk adjustment for non-financial risk. Changes in fulfilment cash flows are recognised as follows:

• Changes related to future service are adjusted against the CSM unless the group is onerous in which case such changes are recognised in the insurance service result in profit or loss;

• Changes related to past or current service are recognised in the insurance service result in profit or loss; and

• The effects of the time value of money and financial risk are recognised as net finance income or expense from insurance, participating investment and reinsurance contracts in profit or loss.

The carrying amount of the CSM is remeasured at the end of each reporting period. For contracts measured under the GMM, interest is accreted on the carrying amount of the CSM using the discount rate curve determined at the date of initial recognition of the group of contracts and part of the CSM is recognised in the income statement to reflect the amount of profit related to the insurance contract services provided in the period. This is calculated using coverage units, a measure used to determine the allocation of the CSM over the remaining coverage periods. The number of coverage units in a group is the quantity of insurance contract services provided by the contracts in the group, determined by considering for each contract the quantity of the benefits provided and its expected coverage period. The CSM is also adjusted for the changes in fulfilment cash flows relating to future service unless the increases in fulfilment cash flows cause a group of contracts to become onerous, and for contracts measured under the VFA where the risk mitigation option is applied, where the impacts on the CSM from the effects of financial risk can be recognised in the income statement.

The majority of the Group's with-profits and unit-linked insurance contracts and participating investment contracts are direct participating contracts under which the Group's obligation to the policyholder is the payment of an amount equal to the fair value of the underlying items, less a variable fee. On subsequent remeasurement of a group of direct participating contracts (measured under VFA), changes to the fulfilment cash flows, discounted at current rates, reflecting changes in the obligation to pay the policyholder an amount equal to the fair value of the underlying items are recognised in the income statement, within net finance income or expense from insurance, participating investment and reinsurance contracts. The CSM is adjusted for changes in the amount of the Group's share of the fair value of the underlying items, which relate to future services, except where the Group applies the risk mitigation option, and fulfilment cashflows that do not vary based on the returns on underlying items. Changes in fulfilment cash flows relating to future service adjust the CSM using current discount rates.

Derecognition

The Group derecognises an insurance and participating investment contract when it is extinguished (that is, when the obligation specified in the contract expires or is discharged or cancelled) or if its terms are modified in a way that would have changed the accounting for the contract significantly had the new terms always existed.

If a contract is derecognised, then the fulfilment cash flows of the group are adjusted to eliminate the present value of the future cash flows and risk adjustment of the contract derecognised from the group, and the CSM of the group is adjusted for the change in fulfilment cashflows, except where such changes are allocated to the loss component.

If a contract is derecognised because its terms are modified, then the CSM of the existing group is also adjusted for the premium that would have been charged had the Group entered into a contract with the new contract's terms at the date of modification, less any additional premium charged for the modification. A new modified contract is recognised assuming the Group received the premium that would have been charged had the Group entered into a contract with the new contract's terms at the date of the modification.

Where the adjustments to CSM result in the CSM being reduced to nil, any further adjustments are recognised in the income statement in insurance service expense.

NOTES TO THE CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED HALF-YEAR FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)

Note 24: Implementation of IFRS 17 Insurance contracts (continued)

(2) General insurance contracts

General insurance contracts issued by the Group are presented on the balance sheet within liabilities arising from insurance contracts and participating investment contracts. The Group applies the PAA to the measurement of general insurance contracts, which either have a coverage period of each contract in the group of one year or less or have an annual re-pricing option.

For a group of general insurance contracts that is not onerous at initial recognition, the Group measures the LRC as any premium received at initial recognition, less any insurance acquisition cash flows at that date, plus any other asset or liability previously recognised for cash flows related to the group of contracts that the Group pays or receives before the group of insurance contracts is recognised.

The Group estimates the LIC in the same way described in the Measurement section for life insurance contracts above.

Where, during the coverage period, facts and circumstances indicate that a group of insurance contracts is onerous, the Group recognises a loss in the income statement for the net outflow, resulting in the carrying amount of the liability for the group being equal to the fulfilment cash flows. A loss component is established by the Group within the LRC for such onerous group depicting the losses recognised.

On subsequent measurement, the Group measures the carrying amount of the LRC at the end of each reporting period as the LRC at the beginning of the period plus premiums received in the period, less insurance acquisition cash flows, plus any amounts relating to the amortisation of the insurance acquisition cash flows recognised as an expense in the reporting period for the group, less the amount recognised as insurance revenue for the services provided in the period. For onerous groups, the LRC is also adjusted for the remeasurement of the loss component.

(3) Reinsurance

Reinsurance contracts issued by the Group (where insurance risk is transferred to the Group) are accounted for under the GMM as insurance contracts. These contracts are presented within other assets or liabilities arising from insurance contracts and participating investment contracts.

The classification of contracts entered into by the Group with reinsurers under which the Group is compensated for amounts payable on one or more other contracts issued by the Group is dependent on whether the contract with the reinsurer transfers significant insurance risk to the reinsurer. Where the reinsurance contract transfers significant insurance risk (reinsurance contracts held), it is accounted for under the GMM, as modified for reinsurance contracts held. The Group adjusts the CSM of the group to which a reinsurance contract held belongs and as a result recognises income, when it recognises a loss on initial recognition of onerous underlying contracts.

Contracts that do not transfer significant insurance risk to the reinsurer are recognised within financial assets at fair value through profit or loss as they are within a portfolio of financial assets that is managed, and whose performance is evaluated, on a fair value basis. These contracts, while legally reinsurance contracts, do not meet the definition of a reinsurance contract under IFRS. Investment returns (including movements in fair value and investment income) allocated to these contracts are recognised on the face of the income statement as changes in non-participating investment contract liabilities.

(4) Non-participating investment contracts

With the exception of the classification of insurance and investment contracts which can be partly invested in units which contain a DPF and partly in units without, there is no change to the Group's accounting for non-participating investment contracts which are accounted for as financial instruments. Investment returns, including movements in fair value and investment income, on assets allocated to those contracts are recognised on the face of the income statement through the change in non-participating investment contracts.

NOTES TO THE CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED HALF-YEAR FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)

Note 24: Implementation of IFRS 17 Insurance contracts (continued)

Changes to presentation

The implementation of IFRS 17 has also resulted in presentational changes being made to the Group's income statement. Details of these changes are as follows:

The Group disaggregates the amounts recognised in the income statement into an insurance service result, comprising insurance revenue and insurance service expenses, and net finance income or expense from insurance, participating investment and reinsurance contracts. The Group does not disaggregate the change in risk adjustment for non-financial risk between the insurance service result and the net finance income or expense from insurance, participating investment and reinsurance contracts and includes the entire change as part of the insurance service result.

The Group presents income or expenses from reinsurance contracts held (other than finance income or expenses from reinsurance contracts held) as a single amount within net income or losses from reinsurance contracts held.

Insurance revenue

The Group recognises insurance revenue to reflect the provision of services arising from the group of insurance and participating investment contracts at an amount that reflects the consideration to which the Group expects to be entitled in exchange for those services. Insurance revenue relating to services provided for each year represents the total of the changes in the LRC that relate to services for which the Group expects to receive consideration.

The Group allocates a portion of premiums that relate to recovering insurance acquisition cash flows to each period based on the coverage units provided in the reporting period. The Group recognises the allocated amount, adjusted for interest accretion at the discount rates determined on initial recognition of the related group of contracts, as insurance revenue and an equal amount as insurance service expenses.

Insurance service expense

The Group presents in the income statement insurance service expenses arising from groups of insurance and participating investment contracts, generally as they are incurred, as well as loss components and their reversals and changes in estimates of past claims.

Net finance income or expense from insurance, participating investment and reinsurance contracts

The net finance income or expense from insurance, participating investment and reinsurance contracts comprises changes in the carrying amounts of groups of insurance and participating investment contracts arising from:

• the effects of the time value of money and changes in the time value of money;

• changes in financial risk, including where the risk mitigation option is applied; and

• excluding any such changes for groups of direct participating contracts which are allocated to a loss component and included in insurance service expenses.

The net finance income or expense from insurance, participating investment and reinsurance contracts includes changes in the measurement of groups of contracts caused by changes in the value of underlying items (excluding additions and withdrawals). For contracts measured using the GMM, it includes the difference between the impact of demographic experience and assumptions change when calculated at market rates compared to locked-in rates. The impact of exchange differences on changes in the carrying amount of groups of insurance and participating investment contracts is also included here.

The Group has chosen not to disaggregate the net finance income or expense from insurance, participating investment and reinsurance contracts between the income statement and other comprehensive income, with it all being taken to the income statement.

NOTES TO THE CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED HALF-YEAR FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)

Note 25: Impact on balance sheet as at 1 January 2022

In accordance with the requirements of accounting standards, set out below is the Group's balance sheet at 1 January 2022, prepared in accordance with the applicable accounting policies following the adoption of IFRS 17.

Consolidated balance sheet - as at 1 January 2022

	Note	As previously reported At 31 Dec 2021 £m	Impact of IFRS 17 (see below) £m		Other changes (see note 1) £m		Restated At 1 Jan 2022 £m

Assets
Cash and balances at central banks		76,420		-		-	76,420
Items in the course of collection from banks		147		-		(147)
Financial assets at fair value through profit or loss	1	206,771		200		-	206,971
Derivative financial instruments		22,051		-		-	22,051
Financial assets at amortised cost		517,156		-		-	517,156
Financial assets at fair value through other comprehensive income		28,137		-		-	28,137
Reinsurance assets	2	759		(759)		-
Investments in joint ventures and associates		352		-		(352)
Goodwill		2,320		-		(2,320)
Value of in-force business	3	5,514		(5,317)		(197)
Other intangible assets		4,196		-		(4,196)
Goodwill and other intangible assets				-		6,713	6,713
Current tax recoverable		363		-		-	363
Deferred tax assets	4	3,118		655		-	3,773
Retirement benefit assets		4,531		-		-	4,531
Other assets	2	14,690		(47)		499	15,142
Total assets		886,525		(5,268)		-	881,257

NOTES TO THE CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED HALF-YEAR FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)

Note 25: Impact on balance sheet as at 1 January 2022 (continued)

Consolidated balance sheet - as at 1 January 2022 (continued)

	Note	As previously reported At 31 Dec 2021 £m	Impact of IFRS 17 (see below) £m		Other changes (see note 1) £m		Restated At 1 Jan 2022 £m

Liabilities
Deposits from banks		7,647		-		-	7,647
Customer deposits		476,344		-		-	476,344
Repurchase agreements at amortised cost		31,125		-		-	31,125
Items in course of transmission to banks		316		-		(316)
Financial liabilities at fair value through profit or loss		23,123		-		-	23,123
Derivative financial instruments		18,060		-		-	18,060
Notes in circulation		1,321		-		-	1,321
Debt securities in issue		71,552		-		-	71,552
Liabilities arising from insurance contracts and participating investment contracts	5	123,423		1,756		-	125,179
Liabilities arising from non-participating investment contracts	6	45,040		(4,150)		-	40,890
Other liabilities	7	19,947		(896)		316	19,367
Retirement benefit obligations		230		-		-	230
Current tax liabilities		6		-		-	6
Deferred tax liabilities	4	39		(31)		-	8
Other provisions		2,092		(12)		-	2,080
Subordinated liabilities		13,108		-		-	13,108
Total liabilities		833,373		(3,333)		-	830,040

Equity
Share capital		7,102		-		-	7,102
Share premium account		18,479		-		-	18,479
Other reserves		11,189		(12)		-	11,177
Retained profits		10,241		(1,923)		-	8,318
Ordinary shareholders' equity		47,011		(1,935)		-	45,076
Other equity instruments		5,906		-		-	5,906
Total equity excluding non-controlling interests		52,917		(1,935)		-	50,982
Non-controlling interests		235		-		-	235
Total equity		53,152		(1,935)		-	51,217
Total equity and liabilities		886,525		(5,268)		-	881,257

1 Own shares held through consolidated collective investment vehicles classified as financial assets at fair value through profit or loss rather than in equity under IFRS 17.

2 Reinsurance assets are replaced by reinsurance contract assets, which are presented within other assets, under IFRS 17.

3 The value of in-force business (VIF) is not recognised on the balance sheet under IFRS 17 and acquired VIF presented within goodwill and other intangible assets.

4 Deferred tax assets and liabilities are recalculated based on IFRS 17 retained earnings.

5 Change in measurement basis of liabilities arising from insurance contracts and participating investment contracts under IFRS 17.

6 Recognition of certain hybrid unit-linked and With-Profit contracts under IFRS 17.

7 Unallocated surplus relating to the With-Profit funds is recognised as part of the liabilities arising from insurance contracts and participating investment contracts under IFRS 17.

NOTES TO THE CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED HALF-YEAR FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)

Note 26: Other information

The financial information contained in this document does not constitute statutory accounts within the meaning of section 434 of the Companies Act 2006 (the Act). The statutory accounts for the year ended 31 December 2022 were approved by the directors on 21 February 2023 and were delivered to the Registrar of Companies on 31 May 2023. The auditors' report on those accounts was unqualified and did not include a statement under sections 498(2) (accounting records or returns inadequate or accounts not agreeing with records and returns) or 498(3) (failure to obtain necessary information and explanations) of the Act.

STATEMENT OF DIRECTORS' RESPONSIBILITIES

The directors listed below (being all the directors of Lloyds Banking Group plc) confirm that to the best of their knowledge these condensed consolidated half-year financial statements have been prepared in accordance with UK adopted International Accounting Standard 34, Interim Financial Reporting, and that the half-year management report herein includes a fair review of the information required by DTR 4.2.7R and DTR 4.2.8R, namely:

• an indication of important events that have occurred during the six months ended 30 June 2023 and their impact on the condensed consolidated half-year financial statements, and a description of the principal risks and uncertainties for the remaining six months of the financial year; and

• material related party transactions in the six months ended 30 June 2023 and any material changes in the related party transactions described in the last annual report.

Signed on behalf of the Board by

Charlie Nunn

Group Chief Executive

25 July 2023

Lloyds Banking Group plc Board of Directors:

Executive directors:

Charlie Nunn (Group Chief Executive)

William Chalmers (Chief Financial Officer)

Non-executive directors:

Sir Robin Budenberg CBE (Chair)

Alan Dickinson (Deputy Chair)

Sarah Legg

Lord Lupton CBE

Amanda Mackenzie LVO OBE

Harmeen Mehta

Cathy Turner

Scott Wheway

Catherine Woods

INDEPENDENT REVIEW REPORT TO LLOYDS BANKING GROUP PLC

Conclusion

We have been engaged by Lloyds Banking Group and its subsidiaries (the "Group") to review the condensed consolidated set of financial statements in the half-yearly financial report for the six months ended 30 June 2023 which comprises the consolidated income statement, the consolidated statement of comprehensive income, the consolidated balance sheet, the consolidated statement of changes in equity, the consolidated cash flow statement and related notes 1 to 26.

Based on our review, nothing has come to our attention that causes us to believe that the condensed consolidated set of financial statements in the half-yearly financial report for the six months ended 30 June 2023 is not prepared, in all material respects, in accordance with the Disclosure Guidance and Transparency Rules of the United Kingdom's Financial Conduct Authority and United Kingdom adopted International Accounting Standard (IAS) 34.

Basis for Conclusion

We conducted our review in accordance with International Standard on Review Engagements (UK) 2410 "Review of Interim Financial Information Performed by the Independent Auditor of the Entity" issued by the Financial Reporting Council for use in the United Kingdom (ISRE (UK) 2410). A review of interim financial information consists of making inquiries, primarily of persons responsible for financial and accounting matters, and applying analytical and other review procedures. A review is substantially less in scope than an audit conducted in accordance with International Standards on Auditing (UK) and consequently does not enable us to obtain assurance that we would become aware of all significant matters that might be identified in an audit. Accordingly, we do not express an audit opinion.

As disclosed in note 1, the annual financial statements of the Group will be prepared in accordance with United Kingdom adopted IAS. The condensed consolidated set of financial statements included in this half-yearly financial report have been prepared in accordance with United Kingdom adopted IAS 34, "Interim Financial Reporting".

Conclusion Relating to Going Concern

Based on our review procedures, which are less extensive than those performed in an audit as described in the Basis for Conclusion section of this report, nothing has come to our attention to suggest that the directors have inappropriately adopted the going concern basis of accounting or that the directors have identified material uncertainties relating to going concern that are not appropriately disclosed.

This Conclusion is based on the review procedures performed in accordance with ISRE (UK) 2410, however future events or conditions may cause the Group to cease to continue as a going concern.

Responsibilities of the directors

The directors are responsible for preparing the half-yearly financial report in accordance with the Disclosure Guidance and Transparency Rules of the United Kingdom's Financial Conduct Authority.

In preparing the half-yearly financial report, the directors are responsible for assessing the Group's ability to continue as a going concern, disclosing as applicable, matters related to going concern and using the going concern basis of accounting unless the directors either intend to liquidate the company or to cease operations, or have no realistic alternative but to do so.

Auditor's Responsibilities for the review of the financial information

In reviewing the half-yearly financial report, we are responsible for expressing to the Group a conclusion on the condensed consolidated set of financial statements in the half-yearly financial report. Our Conclusion, including our Conclusions Relating to Going Concern, are based on procedures that are less extensive than audit procedures, as described in the Basis for Conclusion paragraph of this report.

Use of our report

This report is made solely to the Group in accordance with ISRE (UK) 2410. Our work has been undertaken so that we might state to the Group those matters we are required to state to it in an independent review report and for no other purpose. To the fullest extent permitted by law, we do not accept or assume responsibility to anyone other than the Group, for our review work, for this report, or for the conclusions we have formed.

Deloitte LLP

Statutory Auditor

London, England

25 July 2023

KEY DATES

Shares quoted ex-dividend for 2023 interim dividend	3 August 2023
Record date for 2023 interim dividend	4 August 2023
Final date for joining or leaving the interim 2023 dividend reinvestment plan	18 August 2023
Interim 2023 dividend paid	12 September 2023
Q3 2023 Interim Management Statement	25 October 2023

BASIS OF PRESENTATION

This release covers the results of Lloyds Banking Group plc together with its subsidiaries (the Group) for the six months ended 30 June 2023. Unless otherwise stated, income statement commentaries throughout this document compare the six months ended 30 June 2023 to the six months ended 30 June 2022, and the balance sheet analysis compares the Group balance sheet as at 30 June 2023 to the Group balance sheet as at 31 December 2022. The Group uses a number of alternative performance measures, including underlying profit, in the discussion of its business performance and financial position. These measures are labelled with a superscript 'A' throughout this document. Further information on these measures is set out on page 27. Unless otherwise stated, commentary on page 1 is given on an underlying basis. The Group will publish a condensed set of half-year Pillar 3 disclosures in the second half of August. A copy of the disclosures will be available to view at: www.lloydsbankinggroup.com/investors/financial-downloads.

Implementation of IFRS 17: The Group adopted the IFRS 17 Insurance Contracts accounting standard from 1 January 2023. IFRS 17 does not require that comparatives are restated other than for the year, including interim periods, immediately prior to adoption. The Group has selected a transition date of 1 January 2022 and, as permitted by IFRS 17, will not restate comparatives for earlier periods. Further information on the impact of this change is set out in the Group's IFRS 17 Transition Document, which was published on 4 April 2023 and can be found at: www.lloydsbankinggroup.com/investors/financial-downloads.html.

Segmental information: On 1 July 2022 the Group adopted a new organisation structure, aligned to our strategic objectives and our existing three customer-facing divisions. Disclosure continues to be based on these three divisions, reflecting the basis on which management runs the Group. To reflect the new organisation structure, the Group migrated certain business units between these divisions, with Business Banking and Commercial Cards moving from Retail to Commercial Banking and Wealth moving from Insurance, Pensions and Investments (previously Insurance and Wealth) to Retail. Comparatives have been represented accordingly. Total Group figures are unaffected by this change.

FORWARD LOOKING STATEMENTS

This document contains certain forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 21E of the US Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and section 27A of the US Securities Act of 1933, as amended, with respect to the business, strategy, plans and/or results of Lloyds Banking Group plc together with its subsidiaries (the Group) and its current goals and expectations. Statements that are not historical or current facts, including statements about the Group's or its directors' and/or management's beliefs and expectations, are forward looking statements. Words such as, without limitation, 'believes', 'achieves', 'anticipates', 'estimates', 'expects', 'targets', 'should', 'intends', 'aims', 'projects', 'plans', 'potential', 'will', 'would', 'could', 'considered', 'likely', 'may', 'seek', 'estimate', 'probability', 'goal', 'objective', 'deliver', 'endeavour', 'prospects', 'optimistic' and similar expressions or variations on these expressions are intended to identify forward looking statements. These statements concern or may affect future matters, including but not limited to: projections or expectations of the Group's future financial position, including profit attributable to shareholders, provisions, economic profit, dividends, capital structure, portfolios, net interest margin, capital ratios, liquidity, risk-weighted assets (RWAs), expenditures or any other financial items or ratios; litigation, regulatory and governmental investigations; the Group's future financial performance; the level and extent of future impairments and write-downs; the Group's ESG targets and/or commitments; statements of plans, objectives or goals of the Group or its management and other statements that are not historical fact; expectations about the impact of COVID-19; and statements of assumptions underlying such statements. By their nature, forward looking statements involve risk and uncertainty because they relate to events and depend upon circumstances that will or may occur in the future. Factors that could cause actual business, strategy, plans and/or results (including but not limited to the payment of dividends) to differ materially from forward looking statements include, but are not limited to: general economic and business conditions in the UK and internationally; political instability including as a result of any UK general election and any further possible referendum on Scottish independence; acts of hostility or terrorism and responses to those acts, or other such events; geopolitical unpredictability; the war between Russia and Ukraine; the tensions between China and Taiwan; market related risks, trends and developments; exposure to counterparty risk; instability in the global financial markets, including within the Eurozone, and as a result of the exit by the UK from the European Union (EU) and the effects of the EU-UK Trade and Cooperation Agreement; the ability to access sufficient sources of capital, liquidity and funding when required; changes to the Group's credit ratings; fluctuations in interest rates, inflation, exchange rates, stock markets and currencies; volatility in credit markets; volatility in the price of the Group's securities; tightening of monetary policy in jurisdictions in which the Group operates; natural pandemic (including but not limited to the COVID-19 pandemic) and other disasters; risks concerning borrower and counterparty credit quality; risks affecting insurance business and defined benefit pension schemes; risks related to the uncertainty surrounding the integrity and continued existence of reference rates; changes in laws, regulations, practices and accounting standards or taxation; changes to regulatory capital or liquidity requirements and similar contingencies; the policies and actions of governmental or regulatory authorities or courts together with any resulting impact on the future structure of the Group; risks associated with the Group's compliance with a wide range of laws and regulations; assessment related to resolution planning requirements; risks related to regulatory actions which may be taken in the event of a bank or Group failure; exposure to legal, regulatory or competition proceedings, investigations or complaints; failure to comply with anti-money laundering, counter terrorist financing, anti-bribery and sanctions regulations; failure to prevent or detect any illegal or improper activities; operational risks; conduct risk; technological changes and risks to the security of IT and operational infrastructure, systems, data and information resulting from increased threat of cyber and other attacks; technological failure; inadequate or failed internal or external processes or systems; risks relating to ESG matters, such as climate change (and achieving climate change ambitions), including the Group's ability along with the government and other stakeholders to measure, manage and mitigate the impacts of climate change effectively, and human rights issues; the impact of competitive conditions; failure to attract, retain and develop high calibre talent; the ability to achieve strategic objectives; the ability to derive cost savings and other benefits including, but without limitation, as a result of any acquisitions, disposals and other strategic transactions; inability to capture accurately the expected value from acquisitions; assumptions and estimates that form the basis of the Group's financial statements; and potential changes in dividend policy. A number of these influences and factors are beyond the Group's control. Please refer to the latest Annual Report on Form 20-F filed by Lloyds Banking Group plc with the US Securities and Exchange Commission (the SEC), which is available on the SEC's website at www.sec.gov, for a discussion of certain factors and risks. Lloyds Banking Group plc may also make or disclose written and/or oral forward-looking statements in other written materials and in oral statements made by the directors, officers or employees of Lloyds Banking Group plc to third parties, including financial analysts. Except as required by any applicable law or regulation, the forward-looking statements contained in this document are made as of today's date, and the Group expressly disclaims any obligation or undertaking to release publicly any updates or revisions to any forward looking statements contained in this document whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise. The information, statements and opinions contained in this document do not constitute a public offer under any applicable law or an offer to sell any securities or financial instruments or any advice or recommendation with respect to such securities or financial instruments.

CONTACTS

For further information please contact:

INVESTORS AND ANALYSTS

Douglas Radcliffe

Group Investor Relations Director

020 7356 1571

douglas.radcliffe@lloydsbanking.com

Edward Sands

Director of Investor Relations

020 7356 1585

edward.sands@lloydsbanking.com

Nora Thoden

Director of Investor Relations - ESG

020 7356 2334

nora.thoden@lloydsbanking.com

CORPORATE AFFAIRS

Grant Ringshaw

External Relations Director

020 7356 2362

grant.ringshaw@lloydsbanking.com

Matt Smith

Head of Media Relations

020 7356 3522

matt.smith@lloydsbanking.com

Copies of this News Release may be obtained from:

Investor Relations, Lloyds Banking Group plc, 25 Gresham Street, London EC2V 7HN

The statement can also be found on the Group's website - www.lloydsbankinggroup.com

Registered office: Lloyds Banking Group plc, The Mound, Edinburgh, EH1 1YZ

Registered in Scotland No. SC095000

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