Fourth Quarter Results

Serica Energy plc 11 March 2008 Serica Energy plc ('Serica' or the 'Company') 2007 ANNUAL REPORT TO SHAREHOLDERS London, 11 March 2008 - Serica Energy plc (TSX Venture & AIM: SQZ) today announces its financial results for the three and twelve months ending 31 December 2007. The results and associated Management Discussion and Analysis are included below and copies are available at www.serica-energy.com and www.sedar.com. 2007 Highlights Developments • Successful installation of the production platform on the Kambuna Field offshore North Sumatra with first production and cash flow expected at the end of 2008 • 15% increase in reserves: Kambuna 2P reserves estimated by RPS Energy at 29.7 million barrels of oil equivalent (100% basis) • Excellent terms offered for Kambuna gas: initial tranche of 28 million cubic feet per day ('mmscfd') at approximately US$5.40 per thousand cubic feet ('mcf') and second tranche of 10 mmscfd at over US$6.50 per mcf with a further 10 mmscfd of gas to be marketed • Serica's interest in Kambuna, based on the initial tranche gas sales price of approximately US$5.40 per mcf, valued by RPS Energy as at 31 December 2007 at US$145 million post tax (based on constant oil prices and costs) Appraisal • Two successful appraisal wells drilled in the Columbus field in the North Sea, confirming its commercial potential Forward Drilling Programme • Development drilling on Kambuna underway, with two new production wells currently being drilled and a recompletion of Kambuna #2 • Two appraisal wells in the Bream oil field in Norway to be drilled in 2H 2008 - best estimate of gross contingent resources 59 million barrels • Planning to drill an exploration well off the west coast of Ireland in 2H 2008 - four gas prospects identified on the licence, with total best estimate gross prospective resources estimated at 3 tcf • Vietnam exploration well to be drilled in 2H 2008 following the successful evaluation of new 3D Seismic data • A site survey is to be undertaken in the Chablis field in preparation for appraisal drilling Financial & Corporate • Successfully raised US$52 million in new equity from new and existing shareholders • Completed a US$100 million debt facility with JP Morgan and Bank of Scotland to fund field development activities • Jonathan Cartwright, Finance Director of Caledonia Investments, to join board as a non-executive director in March 2008 Serica's Chief Executive, Paul Ellis commented: 'Serica made significant progress in 2007, increasing its proven and probable reserves and confirming that the Columbus field is a candidate for development.' 'The Kambuna production platform in Indonesia is now installed and the development wells are being drilled with the company targeting first production by the end of 2008. Gas sales terms have been agreed for 80% of the Kambuna production at excellent prices. Furthermore, the company is due to commence drilling in Norway, Ireland and Vietnam in the second half of this year with all three projects offering significant upside potential.' 'Serica is well funded for 2008 with an exciting forward drilling programme. It now has the opportunity to establish a growing reserve base, commence production and to build further its underlying asset value.' Enquiries: Serica Energy plc Paul Ellis, paul.ellis@serica-energy.com +44 (0)20 7487 7300 Chief Executive Officer Chris Hearne, chris.hearne@serica-energy.com +44 (0)20 7487 7300 Finance Director JPMorgan Cazenove Steve Baldwin steve.baldwin@jpmorgancazenove.com +44 (0)20 7588 2828 Tristone Capital Limited Majid Shafiq mshafiq@tristonecapital.com +44 (0)20 7355 5872 Pelham Public Relations -UK James Henderson james.henderson@pelhampr.com +44 (0)20 7743 6673 Alisdair Haythornthwaite alisdair.haythornthwaite@pelhampr.com +44 (0)20 7743 6676 CHF - Canada Sarah Gingerich sarah@chfir.com +1 416 868 1079 Paul Ellis MA (Oxon) Engineering and Serica's Chief Executive, who has over 35 years' experience in the upstream oil and gas industry, has reviewed and approved the technical information contained in this announcement. Forward Looking Statements This disclosure contains certain forward looking statements that involve substantial known and unknown risks and uncertainties, some of which are beyond Serica Energy plc's control, including: the impact of general economic conditions where Serica Energy plc operates, industry conditions, changes in laws and regulations including the adoption of new environmental laws and regulations and changes in how they are interpreted and enforced, increased competition, the lack of availability of qualified personnel or management, fluctuations in foreign exchange or interest rates, stock market volatility and market valuations of companies with respect to announced transactions and the final valuations thereof, and obtaining required approvals of regulatory authorities. Serica Energy plc's actual results, performance or achievement could differ materially from those expressed in, or implied by, these forward looking statements and, accordingly, no assurances can be given that any of the events anticipated by the forward looking statements will transpire or occur, or if any of them do so, what benefits, including the amount of proceeds, that Serica Energy plc will derive therefrom. The TSX Venture Exchange has not reviewed and does not accept responsibility for the adequacy or accuracy of this release. To receive Company news releases via email, please contact sarah@chfir.com and specify 'Serica press releases' in the subject line. CHAIRMAN'S REPORT Dear Shareholder During 2007 much progress was achieved in the development of our reserves in Indonesia and the appraisal of our Columbus discovery in the North Sea. With the production platform now successfully installed on the Kambuna field offshore North Sumatra we are expecting gas and condensate sales to commence at the end of 2008, bringing the first significant cash flow to Serica. As stated in the Chief Executive's Report, the level of reserves which we carry for this field has been increased. In the North Sea, two successful appraisal wells drilled in late September and October on our Columbus discovery have demonstrated the commerciality of this gas condensate field and bring it nearer to production. Reserves from this field will be booked once a development plan for the field has been approved. In addition to this growth in reserves, the Company has considerable exposure to several significant exploration wells, some of which we hope to drill this year. These wells result from extensive seismic work conducted during the year over our blocks in Indonesia, Vietnam, the UK North Sea, Spain and Ireland. Of course we do not expect to find oil or gas with all of our wells. At the turn of the year we drilled our first two wells in the Biliton block in Indonesia. Neither of these wells encountered hydrocarbons and we have written off the costs incurred to-date on this block, amounting to US$8.9 million. Before drilling the wells we decided to farm-out part of our interest to an industry partner to substantially reduce the financial risk whilst retaining a large share of the upside potential. As a result the wells were drilled at a very low cost to Serica. The farm out of certain of our interests, such as Biliton, where we perceive Serica's exposure to be too high, is an important part of our strategy to manage the funds available to the Company and enhance returns for shareholders. In the current high cost environment, therefore, we shall continue with this approach where appropriate. The Company is well funded to meet its forward programme. The successful raising of approximately US$52 million in new equity before expenses increased our net cash balances at the start of 2008 to over US$70 million. With access also to a US$100 million debt facility primarily for field development, the Company is well placed to continue with its exploration activities and add to the growth of our oil and gas reserves. It is clearly important that this growth is translated into growth in the Company's share price. The Board is conscious that the recent volatility in the market for our shares, may not be giving a clear picture for shareholders. It is the Board's view that this volatility is caused partly by the limited liquidity for our shares in the market place. We operate in two markets, Toronto and London. The different nature of these markets makes inter-trading more complex, thus reducing liquidity still further. We shall be seeking ways to improve the market liquidity for our shares, and hence provide a better platform for shareholders, whilst also looking for opportunities to broaden the Company's asset base through acquisition and divestment. In this way we would hope to achieve a share price more in line with the Company's underlying performance whilst also maintaining our corporate objective to reduce risk and increase overall opportunity. As a final note, I would like to welcome Jonathan Cartwright, who joins the Board as a non-executive director on 27 March 2008. Jonathan brings considerable financial experience to the Company and we look forward to working with him in our task of building value for shareholders. He is Finance Director of Caledonia Investments, one of our major shareholders, and is a member of the board of Bristow Group who are one of the world's leading providers of helicopter services to the offshore oil and gas industry. With a strong and experienced Board, field developments and exploration prospects in two distinct areas, most of which we operate, and with sound finances Serica is ideally placed in the sector. It is our objective to build on this position during 2008 and I have every expectation that we shall be more than successful in these efforts. Tony Craven Walker Non-executive Chairman CHIEF EXECUTIVE OFFICER'S REPORT During the course of 2007, despite the industry-wide shortage of seismic crews and drilling rigs, we have been able to make progress in both Western Europe and South East Asia and, as a result, have taken significant steps towards the development of our discoveries and the establishment of Serica as an oil and gas producer in both regions. Serica is the operator of the Kambuna gas-condensate field offshore North Sumatra, Indonesia, and holds a 65% working interest. Following the acquisition and interpretation of a 3D seismic survey in the field, an independent Reserves Evaluation by RPS Energy ('RPS') has estimated that the gross Proved and Probable Reserves for the field are 29.7 million barrels of oil equivalent ('boe'). This represents an increase of over 15% in the Proved and Probable Kambuna Reserves, compared to the figure of 25.7 million boe estimated by RPS at the end of 2006, before the 3D seismic data was available. This new reserves estimate excludes any additional reserves that may ultimately be proved to exist in an area immediately to the north of the Kambuna field that has been identified on the 3D seismic data as potentially gas-bearing. Based on these revised reserve estimates, RPS has estimated the net present value of Serica's future revenue from the Kambuna field at 31 December 2007 at a 10% discount factor. Based on constant oil prices and costs, an initial gas sales price of US$4.50 per mmBtu and a fixed condensate price of US$93.51 per bbl, RPS estimates the net present value to Serica of the proved and probable Kambuna reserves, after all Indonesian taxes, to be US$144.7 million. This figure does not take into account the higher gas price that we expect to be achieved for the uncontracted gas, as described below. The first sales contract will be with the Indonesian State Electricity Company, PLN, which will purchase 28 mmscfd of gas at an initial price of US$4.50 per mmBtu (approximately US$5.40 per mcf). Following a tender process, several offers for a further 12 mmscfd of gas have been received at initial prices between US$5.20 and US$5.80 per mmBtu (approximately US$6.25 to US$7.00 per mcf). These tenders have been subject to commercial evaluation and we expect an award to be made shortly. Both of these sales contracts will include take or pay provisions and gas price escalation at a rate of 3% per annum. These contracts account for a total of 40 mmscfd and leave a further 10 mmscfd of gas to be contracted once the development wells have been drilled and an updated reservoir model has been presented to the Indonesian regulator to demonstrate the expected field production capacity of 50 mmscfd and around 5,000 bpd of condensate. The excellent prices achieved for our gas reflect the fact that gas for the Indonesian domestic market is in short supply, resulting in the greater use of oil as fuel for electricity generation. Given the present level of oil prices, the cost of generation has risen significantly and electricity supply has been restricted. In January 2008 we installed the Kambuna production platform in the field and commenced development drilling, using the GSF136 jack-up rig. The platform will initially support three Kambuna production wells and has the capacity to support at least one additional well. The existing Kambuna No.2 well, that we drilled and suspended in 2005, is now being recompleted for production and we are currently drilling two further development wells. Kambuna No.3 will be a deviated production well that will enter the reservoir on the crest of the structure close to the original discovery well. Kambuna No.4 will be a deviated production well that will enter the reservoir in the southern area of the field. Additionally, this well will test whether the gas-water contact (not found in the existing wells) may be significantly lower than the lowest known gas encountered in Kambuna No.2. If this is the case, the Kambuna field reserves could be subject to further upward revision. In Western Europe, Serica holds interests in two potential near-term field developments. We hold a 50% interest as operator of UK North Sea Block 23/16f, in which we drilled the Columbus gas-condensate discovery in 2006 and a 20% interest in the Bream oil field, offshore Norway. We also hold a 100% interest in the Chablis gas field appraisal project in the UK southern North Sea. During 2007 we drilled two Columbus appraisal wells, 23/16f-12 and 23/16f-12z, that successfully delineated the Columbus field within Block 23/16f. Development studies have indicated that the field could be produced via a subsea tie-back to a host platform and we believe that production from Columbus could start in late 2010. We have already carried out an engineering study with BP regarding a potential tie-back of Columbus to BP's Lomond field, which lies immediately to the south of the Columbus field and a further engineering study is being conducted regarding offtake via BP's ETAP gas and oil transportation system. It has been considered possible that the Columbus field may extend to the south into Block 23/21, operated by BG Group. To demonstrate whether this extension exists, an appraisal well is required in Block 23/21, but the timing of this well is not clear. The 23/16f partners, having already drilled three wells in the Columbus field, have therefore decided to prepare alternative plans to develop the field without the involvement of the Block 23/21 group at this stage. It has taken some time to address the environmental, logistical and commercial issues associated with drilling in Serica's near-shore UK Southern Gas Basin Block 48/16b, which contains the Chablis gas discovery. We will shortly be carrying out a site survey for the appraisal well to be drilled in the Chablis field. In Norway, our operator, BG Group, is planning to drill an appraisal well in the Bream oil field in the second half of 2008, comprising a vertical well followed by a horizontal sidetrack to demonstrate well productivity. The gross best estimate Contingent Resources of the Bream field have been estimated to lie in the range of 22 to 120 million barrels of oil. The appraisal well is designed to narrow this range and to provide the data necessary to demonstrate field commerciality. In addition to our development and appraisal projects, we shall be continuing exploration work in several areas during the coming year. In Ireland, we are planning to carry out a site survey in preparation for drilling an exploration well off the west coast in Licence PEL 01/06, in which Serica holds a 100% interest. We have identified four large gas prospects in the licence with estimated total unrisked Prospective Resources ranging from 800 bcf to 6 tcf with a best estimate of 3 tcf. These would be attractive prospects anywhere in the world, but have even greater significance in Ireland because the country imports nearly 90% of its energy supplies and oil makes up the majority of the imports. A rig has been identified for drilling this summer and we are currently seeking a farminee to share the costs and risks of the drilling programme. In Vietnam, evaluation of the new 3D seismic data has confirmed the prospectivity of our PSC 06/94 and a well is planned in the second half of 2008. Serica holds a 33% interest in the PSC. In Indonesia, in the Biliton PSC, offshore Java, we were naturally disappointed that the two exploration wells drilled at the end of 2007 were unsuccessful, but we had always viewed the prospects as having a high exploration risk and had therefore sought a farminee. We were successful in attracting a farminee to drill both wells at little cost to Serica, and we now hold a 45% interest in the PSC and remain the operator. In the Kutai PSC we are interpreting the existing 3D seismic data covering an area of over 2,000 square kilometres and can already see a large number of prospective features within the PSC, some of which should become drilling targets. In Spain, we farmed out a 25% interest in our Spanish exploration Permits to Beach Petroleum, an Australian E&P company prior to undertaking a seismic programme. The 315 kilometre 2D seismic programme has been carried out and the quality of the data acquired is excellent. Interpretation of the data is underway and it appears likely that one or more prospects will be identified on the Permits. We have until November 2008 to elect to drill a well and thereby extend the life of the Permits, in which Serica is the operator and holds a 75% interest. Serica set out in 2007 to confirm the potential of the Columbus discovery and to advance the development of the Kambuna field, while evaluating the prospectivity of the new licences awarded to the Company in 2006 and early 2007. We succeeded in all these areas - successful appraisal of Columbus, gas sales terms agreed for Kambuna, exploration and appraisal drilling planned in Norway, UK, Ireland and Vietnam. With first production expected from the Kambuna field in December and with significant exploration and appraisal wells to be drilled, 2008 promises to be a year in which Serica further demonstrates the underlying value of its assets. Paul Ellis Chief Executive Office REVIEW OF OPERATIONS Serica holds exploration, appraisal and development interests in some of the major oil and gas provinces of Western Europe and South East Asia. In Europe, the Company has licences in the UK North Sea, the East Irish Sea, Norway, Ireland and Spain. In South East Asia, Serica has production sharing contracts in Indonesia and Vietnam. REVIEW OF OPERATIONS - WESTERN EUROPE In Western Europe Serica holds offshore licence interests in the UK North Sea and East Irish Sea, in Ireland and Norway and has onshore licence interests in Spain. The following table summarises the Company's interests in Western Europe. Block(s) Description Role % Location UK 14/15a Exploration Operator 50% Central North Sea 23/16f Columbus appraisal Operator 50% Central North Sea 23/16g Exploration Operator 50% Central North Sea 48/16b Chablis appraisal Operator 100% Southern Gas basin 48/17d Chablis appraisal Operator 100% Southern Gas basin 54/1b Oak discovery Operator 50% Southern Gas basin 113/26b Exploration Operator 100% East Irish Sea 113/27b (part) Exploration Operator 100% East Irish Sea Ireland 27/4 Exploration Operator 100% Slyne Basin 27/5 (part) Exploration Operator 100% Slyne Basin 27/9 Exploration Operator 100% Slyne Basin Norway 407 Bream appraisal Partner 20% Egersund Basin 406 Exploration Partner 20% Egersund Basin Spain Abiego Exploration Operator 75% Pyrenees/Ebro Basin Barbastro Exploration Operator 75% Pyrenees/Ebro Basin Binefar Exploration Operator 75% Pyrenees/Ebro Basin Peraltilla Exploration Operator 75% Pyrenees/Ebro Basin United Kingdom Central North Sea - Block 14/15a This block covers an area of approximately 108 square kilometres in the Central North Sea. Serica is the block operator and has a 50% interest. Several leads have been identified at Upper Jurassic, Lower Cretaceous and Paleocene levels within this prospective part of the Outer Moray Firth Basin. The work programme in 2007 included the reprocessing of available 3D seismic data, which is scheduled to complete in the first quarter of 2008 with the objective of confirming prospects that are ready for drilling. Columbus Discovery - Block 23/16f This block covers an area of approximately 52 square kilometres in the Central North Sea. Serica operates Block 23/16f and holds a 50% interest in the Licence. In December 2007 Serica relinquished the adjacent part-blocks 23/16e and 23/17b as no prospects of material size could be identified. Following Serica's December 2006 Columbus discovery well 23/16f-11, appraisal drilling commenced in the third quarter of 2007. Two Columbus appraisal wells, 23/16f-12 and 23/16f-12z, were drilled and both were successful. Well 23/16f-12 was drilled as a vertical well approximately three kilometres north of the Columbus discovery well and encountered gas/condensate-bearing Paleocene sands at a higher elevation than those tested in well 23/16f-11. Reservoir pressure measurements indicated that these sands are separate to those discovered in well 23/16f-11 and the full extent of this new accumulation is not yet known. The net pay sand encountered in the well was approximately 40 vertical feet. To further evaluate the Columbus discovery, the 23/16f-12 well was then sidetracked to a bottom-hole location approximately 2.2 kilometres north of the Columbus discovery well and encountered gas/condensate-bearing Paleocene sands similar to those found in 23/16f-11. Evaluation of down-hole pressure data indicated that the sands encountered in the sidetrack are in pressure communication with those in the discovery well. The net pay sand in the sidetrack was approximately 70 vertical feet, compared with 56 vertical feet in 23/16f-11. The sidetrack well 23/16f-12z has been suspended for potential use in the development of the Columbus field. The successful outcome of the two new wells supports the commercial development of Columbus and data from these wells is being used to advance field development studies. The Columbus field lies in close proximity to existing production infrastructure, providing the potential to commence production as soon as throughput agreements have been reached and the development wells can be tied-in. It is likely that initial field development will be based around horizontal or high-angle production wells, tied back to a host production platform. Serica is currently studying options including a possible tie-back to the producing Lomond field, which lies about six kilometres from the Columbus discovery well. At the host platform, the gas and condensate will be separated and processed to export pipeline specifications. Last year, we reported best estimate Columbus Contingent Resources net to Serica of 8.4 million boe, on the basis of our expected interests of 25% in Block 23/ 16f and 25% in part of Block 23/21, subject to completion of an acreage exchange with BG Group. This agreement was not completed and, as a result, Serica retained its original 50% interest in 23/16f and expects that its net Contingent Resources in Columbus will be greater than those reported last year, although the studies to integrate data from the three wells in the field with a newly acquired 3D seismic survey have not yet been completed. Central North Sea - Block 23/16g Serica has a 50% interest in this 7.4 square kilometre Central North Sea block and is the operator. The block contains a Paleocene sand prospect called Livingstone, similar to and on trend with the Columbus discovery in Serica's adjacent Block 23/16f to the south. A new 3D seismic data set has recently been acquired covering both blocks and this data is being integrated with the new Columbus well data in order to select the best location in which to test this gas-condensate prospect. If successful, a Livingstone discovery well could potentially be used for production and tied in to the Columbus development. Chablis Discovery Area - Blocks 48/16b and 48/17d These contiguous blocks cover a total area of 88 square kilometres in the Southern North Sea. Serica is the operator and holds an interest of 100% in both blocks. Block 48/16b contains the undeveloped Chablis discovery, drilled in 2001 by ConocoPhillips. Block 48/17b was awarded to Serica in the UK 24th Offshore Licensing Round and may potentially contain part of the Chablis accumulation. The issues concerned with drilling in the shallow water near-shore Chablis field area have mostly been resolved and Serica will shortly carry out a site survey in preparation for drilling a potential appraisal well later in the year. Oak Discovery - Block 54/1b Block 54/1b covers an area of 106 square kilometres in the Southern Gas Basin. Serica is operator of the block and holds a 50% interest. Well 54/1b-6 was drilled in the fourth quarter 2006 and encountered a gas-bearing Leman sandstone reservoir that produced at a stabilized flow rate of approximately 10 mmscfd during a drill-stem test. However, subsequent laboratory analysis of gas samples taken during the test indicated that a significant proportion of the gas is made up of inert components - just over 50% of the gas was found to be carbon dioxide and nitrogen. There are several fields to the north and east of the Oak field with similar gas compositions, several of them in Dutch waters where a new operator is studying the exploitation of such fields by installing offshore gas treatment to remove the inert gases and then transport the hydrocarbons for sale in the Netherlands through the existing extensive offshore pipeline system. The potential is speculative but, during 2008, Serica plans to participate in these studies in order to determine whether commercial development of Oak may ultimately be feasible. East Irish Sea - Blocks 113/26b and 113/27b (part) These blocks cover an area of 145 square kilometres and lie immediately to the north of the Millom and Morecambe gas fields. The prospective reservoir is the Sherwood Sandstone of Triassic age that is also the producing reservoir in the Millom and Morecambe fields. Serica has identified a number of leads on these blocks and is carrying out a 3D seismic reprocessing project in order to confirm future exploration well locations. Serica is the operator and has a 100% interest in the licence. Ireland Slyne Basin - Blocks 27/4, 27/5 (west) and 27/9 Serica is the operator and holds a 100% interest in these blocks, which cover an area of 611 square kilometres in the Slyne Basin off the west coast of Ireland and lie 42 kilometres south of the Corrib gas field, currently being developed by Shell. The blocks are covered by existing 3D seismic data that has now been reprocessed and has confirmed the presence of four significant gas prospects. An independent report by RPS Energy has estimated unrisked Prospective Resources net to Serica in the range of 800 bcf to 6 tcf with a best estimate of 3 tcf for the four prospects in total. Serica expects to drill the first of these prospects in the summer of 2008 and will soon be carrying out a site survey over the identified drilling targets. Norway Egersund Basin - Licences PL406 and PL407 Serica was awarded a 20% interest in both of these offshore licences in February 2007. The licences are contiguous and lie in the Egersund Basin, about 120 kilometres southwest of the port of Stavanger, Norway's fourth largest city. Licence PL406 covers an area of approximately 900 square kilometres and includes the 18/10-1 oil discovery well drilled in 1980, which was tested at 1,800 bopd. The licence contains exploration prospects that appear analogous to the undeveloped Bream oil field in Serica's Licence PL407, immediately to the north. Licence PL407, covers an area of approximately 725 square kilometres. It includes the 1972 Bream oil discovery and the 1973 Brisling oil discovery, which were tested at rates up to 1,000 bopd and 2,200 bopd respectively. In the early seventies oil prices were around $3/bbl and this, combined with the technology available at the time, did not allow commercial development. The three discoveries remained undeveloped for over thirty years, since the Norwegian authorities did not make the area available for licensing again until 2006. On the basis of the modern 3D seismic data now available covering the Bream and 18/10-1 discoveries, an independent report by RPS Energy has estimated that, using modern drilling and completion technology, including horizontal production wells, the gross Contingent Resources of the Bream field may lie within a range of 22 to 120 mm bbl, with a best estimate of 59 mm bbl. The 18/10-1 discovery is estimated to have gross Contingent Resources of 5 to 41 mm bbl, with a best estimate of 18 mm bbl. Serica's 20% share of these best estimate Contingent Resources would amount to a total of 15 mm bbl. The operator of Licence PL407, BG Norge AS, is planning to drill vertical and horizontal appraisal wells in the Bream field in 2008, with a view to submitting a Plan of Development early in 2009. The operator of PL406, Premier Oil Norge AS, is planning to acquire a 500 km2 3D seismic survey early in 2008 to identify the best locations for exploration drilling in 2009. Any discovery made in PL406 could potentially be produced through facilities designed for the development of the Bream field. Spain The Company holds a 75% interest in the Abiego, Barbastro, Binefar and Peraltilla exploration Permits onshore northern Spain. The Permits cover an area of approximately 1,100 square kilometres between the Ebro Basin and the Pyrenees and could potentially contain significant quantities of gas, which would find a ready market in Spain. In early 2007, Serica entered into a farm out agreement with Beach Petroleum Limited, under which Beach has earned a 25% interest in the Permits, with Serica retaining a 75% interest and operatorship. A 315 kilometre 2D seismic survey commenced in late 2007 and was completed in January 2008. The data is of excellent quality, revealing deep features that can now be mapped with far more confidence than was possible previously and prospects are being identified. Due to the comprehensive nature of the environmental assessments required before drilling in this area, these have already been commissioned although a decision on drilling is not required until later this year. REVIEW OF OPERATIONS - SOUTH EAST ASIA In South East Asia, Serica holds interests in Indonesia and in Vietnam. The following table summarises the Company's interests in South East Asia. The interests shown may assume the completion of agreements which await final government approval. Block(s) Description Role % Location Indonesia Glagah Kambuna TAC Kambuna Operator 65% Offshore development North Sumatra Biliton PSC Exploration Operator 45% Offshore Java Sea Kutai PSC Exploration Operator 78% Kutai basin Vietnam Block 06/94 Exploration Partner 33.3% Nam Con Son Basin Indonesia Glagah Kambuna TAC The Glagah Kambuna Technical Assistance Contract ('TAC') covers an area of approximately 380 square kilometres and lies offshore North Sumatra. Serica has a 65% working interest and operates the TAC. The TAC contains the undeveloped Glagah No.1 and Kambuna No.1 discovery wells and a successful appraisal well drilled by Serica in 2005, Kambuna No.2. Serica is progressing the development of the gas-condensate bearing Upper Belumai Sand reservoir of the Kambuna field and the first Plan of Development was approved by the state oil and gas company Pertamina in 2006. A 3D seismic survey covering the Kambuna field was acquired in late 2006 and detailed processing and interpretation were carried out during 2007. Using the results of the new 3D seismic data, consultants RPS Energy have carried out a new reserves report of the Kambuna field. This report estimates that the gross Proved plus Probable Reserves of the field are 119 bcf of sales gas and 9.9 mm bbl of condensate, a total of 29.7 mm boe, with an upside gross Proved plus Probable plus Possible Reserves of 45.6 mm boe. The present estimate of Proved plus Probable Reserves is 15% higher than the estimate prepared by RPS Energy last year, before the 3D survey results were available. During 2007, the first phase of the development programme for the Kambuna gas/ condensate field commenced: the field production platform was built and in the first quarter 2008 was positioned over the Kambuna No. 2 well and piled to the seabed. The GSF136 jack-up drilling rig is now drilling the Kambuna development wells No. 3 and No. 4 and will then complete all three wells for production. Onshore and offshore facilities and a 14-inch offshore pipeline will be installed later this year, with production targeted to commence by the end of 2008. Following the agreement of terms for the sale of 28 mmscfd of gas to the Indonesian State electricity generation company Perusahan Listrik Negara ('PLN'), at an initial price of US$4.50 per million Btu (approximately US$5.40 per million cubic feet), offers for a further 12 mmscfd of gas have been received at prices between US$5.20 and US$5.80 per million Btu (approximately US$6.25 to US$7 per million cubic feet) escalating at 3% per annum for both agreements. The sale of a further 10 mmscfd of gas is expected to be agreed later this year after a revised reservoir model is submitted to the authorities following the completion of the new Kambuna development wells currently being drilled. The Kambuna development wells are expected to produce at a total rate of 50 mmscfd, delivered at Pangkalan Brandan, about eight kilometres onshore and the site of a Pertamina gas plant and refinery. In addition to the gas, Serica will initially be marketing 4,000-5,000 barrels per day of condensate at a price close to that of crude oil. Gas demand is strong in North Sumatra but supply from existing gas sources is insufficient and the main power station near Medan is reported to be burning around 25,000 barrels of fuel oil and diesel per day. Medan is the third largest city in Indonesia and the Kambuna production will go a long way to relieve the lack of gas-fuelled power in the area. Biliton PSC The Biliton PSC covers an area of approximately 3,940 square kilometres in the Java Sea between the Indonesian islands of Java and Kalimantan. Serica is the operator of the PSC and originally held a 90% interest in the block. In March 2007, Serica entered into a farm-out agreement under the terms of which Nations Petroleum has earned a 45% interest in the Biliton PSC by paying a contribution to Serica's back costs and bearing the majority of the costs of drilling the first two wells in the PSC. Serica now holds a 45% interest in the PSC and retains the operatorship. Between November 2007 and January 2008, using the GSF136 drilling rig, wildcat exploration wells Batara Ismaya No. 1 and Batara Indra North No. 1 were drilled, but neither well contained hydrocarbons and both were therefore plugged and abandoned. Serica had always recognised that the high potential of Biliton came with a significant exploration risk, since the block is around 200 kilometres away from the established oil and gas fields of East Java. However, there is still an undrilled prospect on the block and Serica will be considering approaches to farm-in to the Biliton PSC. Kutai PSC The Kutai PSC in East Kalimantan was awarded to Serica in January 2007 and covers an area of around 4,700 square kilometres in the Mahakam Delta, mainly offshore. Serica originally held an interest of 52.5% in the PSC and is the operator. In January 2008 Serica announced that it had acquired an additional 25.5% working interest and now holds a 78% interest in the PSC. The PSC is divided into several blocks, the majority of which are first phase relinquishments by the current main operators in the basin, Total, Chevron and VICO. The PSC lies in and around several giant fields, including Tunu (1,600 million boe) and Attaka (800 million boe), in the prolific Mahakam River delta both onshore and offshore. The PSC is adjacent to the Mahakam PSC operated by Total and which contains some of Indonesia's largest gas and condensate fields, with total daily production of around 2.5 billion cubic feet of gas and 90,000 barrels of oil and condensate. Total has an active exploration programme and in October 2007 announced two new discoveries in the southern part of the Mahakam block, a few kilometres from the Kutai PSC. In 2007, an airborne elevation survey was carried out as part of the planning for a 2D seismic survey to be carried out in the onshore part of the PSC. Over 2,000 square kilometers of existing modern 3D seismic data is now being interpreted by Serica in order to identify prospects and determine drilling locations for our first exploration campaign in the Mahakam Delta. On the basis of the early interpretation of this large volume of 3D data it appears that several potentially commercial prospects are likely to be identified. A new offshore 3D seismic survey is also being planned and drilling in the Kutai PSC will commence in 2009. Vietnam Block 06/94 PSC Serica has a 33.33% interest in the Block 06/94 PSC, which is operated by Pearl Energy and lies in the Nam Con Son Basin about 350 kilometres offshore South Vietnam. The block covers an area of approximately 4,100 square kilometres and is the part of Block 06/1 which British Petroleum was contractually obliged to relinquish in 1994 at the end of its contractual exploration period, after discovering the major Lan Tay and Lan Do gas fields. These fields commenced production in 2002, following the construction of a new gas and liquids pipeline to the Vietnamese mainland. During 2007 a 730 square kilometre 3D seismic survey was carried out and, based on the interpretation of this data, a rig has been contracted and a well is planned to be drilled in 2H08 in the south-western part of the block. A further 1,000 square kilometre 3D seismic survey is expected to be acquired in May 2008 and a 2D seismic survey is also planned. The operator of the adjacent Block 12/E, Premier Oil, has announced that it is seeking bids for an FPSO for the development of its Blackbird and Dua oil fields. Serica expects to be able to identify both oil and gas prospects within Block 06/94. GLOSSARY bbl barrel of 42 US gallons bcf billion standard cubic feet boe barrels of oil equivalent (barrels of oil, condensate and LPG plus the heating equivalent of gas converted into barrels at a rate of 6,000 standard cubic feet per barrel) bopd or bpd barrels of oil or condensate per day FPSO Floating Production, Storage and Offtake vessel (often a converted oil tanker) LNG Liquefied Natural Gas (mainly methane and ethane) LPG Liquefied Petroleum Gas (mainly butane and propane) mcf thousand cubic feet mm bbl million barrels mmBtu million British Thermal Units mmscfd million standard cubic feet per day PSC Production Sharing Contract Reserves Estimates of discovered recoverable commercial hydrocarbon reserves calculated in accordance with the Canadian National Instrument 51-101 Contingent Estimates of discovered recoverable hydrocarbon resources for which commercial production is not yet Resources assured, calculated in accordance with the Canadian National Instrument 51-101 Prospective Estimates of the potential recoverable hydrocarbon resources attributable to undrilled prospects, Resources calculated in accordance with the Canadian National Instrument 51-101 TAC Technical Assistance Contract tcf trillion standard cubic feet MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS The following management's discussion and analysis ('MD&A') of the financial and operational results of Serica Energy plc and its subsidiaries (the 'Group') should be read in conjunction with Serica's consolidated financial statements for the year ended 31 December 2007. References to the 'Company' include Serica and its subsidiaries where relevant. All figures are reported in US dollars ('US$') unless otherwise stated. Overall Performance Serica's activities are based in Western Europe and South East Asia, with interests in the UK, Norway, Spain, Ireland, Indonesia and Vietnam. The Group has no current oil and gas production, with the main emphasis placed upon its near term developments and future exploration drilling programmes. In the year, work has continued on managing its portfolio of interests, advancing its Indonesian development towards first production, and completing a successful drilling programme in the UK North Sea. At a Group Board level, Ian Vann and Steven Theede joined as non-executive directors in the summer, and in October, Serica confirmed the retirement of James Steel as a non-executive director of the Company. Ian and Steve bring a wealth of valuable experience in the international oil and gas business to the Board of Serica. Western Europe: United Kingdom, Ireland, Norway and Spain Early in the year, the formal award of new licences in both the UK and Norway was completed. In the UK, Serica was awarded Block 23/16g in the Central North Sea, Block 48/ 17d in the Southern North Sea and Blocks 113/26b and 113/27b (part) in the East Irish Sea. Serica is the operator of all four blocks and has a 100% interest in each block except 23/16g, where it has a 50% interest. In Norway, Serica was awarded a 20% interest in two large licences in the 2006 Awards in Predefined Areas ('APA') Licence Round. The licences are contiguous and cover a total area of approximately 1,625 square kilometres in the Egersund Basin, about 120 kilometres southwest of Stavanger. The licences contain the undeveloped Bream, Brisling and 18/10-1 oil discoveries. In Licence 407, an appraisal well is planned to be drilled in the Bream field in the second half of 2008 and, in Licence 406, a 3D seismic survey will be acquired early in 2008. Serica has a 20% interest in both of these licences. In UK Block 23/16f, appraisal of the Company's Columbus discovery commenced in the third quarter of 2007. Two Columbus appraisal wells, 23/16f-12 and 23/ 16f-12z, were drilled and both were successful. Well 23/16f-12 was drilled as a vertical well approximately three kilometres north of the Columbus discovery well and encountered gas/condensate-bearing Paleocene sands at a higher elevation than those tested in well 23/16f-11. To further evaluate the Columbus discovery, the 23/16f-12 well was then sidetracked to a bottom-hole location approximately 2.2 kilometres north of the Columbus discovery well and encountered gas/condensate-bearing Paleocene sands similar to those found in 23/ 16f-11. The successful outcome of the two new wells supports the commercial development of Columbus and data from these wells will be used to advance field development studies. The Columbus field lies in close proximity to existing production infrastructure, providing the potential to commence production as soon as throughput agreements have been reached and the development wells can be tied-in. Serica is currently studying development options for the Columbus field. In June 2007, Serica agreed with BG International Limited not to complete a previously announced acreage exchange, as a result of which Serica retained its 50% interest in Block 23/16f. In Ireland, Serica is the operator and holds a 100% interest in Blocks 27/4, 27/ 5 (west) and 27/9, which cover an area of 611 square kilometres in the Slyne Basin off the west coast of Ireland and lie 42km south of the Corrib gas field currently being developed by Shell. The blocks are covered by existing 3D seismic data that has now been reprocessed and has confirmed the presence of four significant prospects. Serica will shortly carry out a site survey and expects to drill the first of these prospects in the summer of 2008. In Spain, prior to carrying out a seismic survey, Serica entered into an agreement with Beach Petroleum Limited, under which the Company farmed out a 25% interest in its four exploration Permits onshore northern Spain, retaining a 75% interest and operatorship. The 315 kilometre 2D seismic survey, which commenced in the third quarter 2007, has recently been completed and the data is currently being evaluated. South East Asia: Indonesia and Vietnam In the Glagah Kambuna TAC, the first phase of the development programme for the Kambuna gas/condensate field commenced. The field production platform was built and in the first quarter of 2008 was positioned over the Kambuna No. 2 well and piled to the seabed. The GSF136 jack-up drilling rig is now drilling the Kambuna development wells No. 3 and No. 4 and will then complete all three wells for production. Onshore and offshore facilities and a 14-inch offshore pipeline will then be installed, with production targeted to commence by the end of 2008. The transfer of Serica's book costs of US$19.2 million in respect of Kambuna, from exploration and evaluation assets to development assets, classified under property, plant and equipment, occurred effective 31 December 2007. Following the agreement of terms for the sale of gas to the Indonesian State electricity generation company Perusahan Listrik Negara ('PLN'), at an initial price of US$4.50 per million Btu (approximately $5.40 per million cubic feet) escalating at 3% per annum, tenders for a further quantity of gas have now been received at considerably higher prices. In addition to the gas, Serica will initially be marketing 4,000-5,000 barrels per day of condensate at a price close to that of crude oil. The Company anticipates that production from the field will commence in December 2008. In the Biliton PSC, in March 2007, Serica entered into a farm-out agreement under the terms of which Nations Petroleum earned a 45% interest by paying a contribution to Serica's back costs and bearing the majority of the costs of drilling two wells in the PSC. Serica retains a 45% interest and operates the PSC. Two exploration wells were drilled in the Biliton PSC in December 2007 and January 2008 using the GSF 136 drilling rig. Neither well contained hydrocarbons and each was therefore plugged and abandoned. Serica had always recognised that the high potential of Biliton came with a significant exploration risk, since the block is around 200 kilometres away from the established oil and gas fields of East Java. Costs associated with the Biliton PSC have been written off in these financial statements. In Vietnam, a 730 kilometre 3D seismic survey was carried out and, based on the interpretation of this data, a well is planned to be drilled in 2H08 in the south-western part of the block. The operator of the adjacent Block 12/E, Premier Oil, has announced that it is seeking bids for an FPSO for the development of its Blackbird and Dua oil fields. Serica expects to be able to identify both oil and gas prospects within Block 06/94. Debt facility In November 2007 the Company entered into a US$100 million senior secured debt facility with JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A. and The Governor and Company of the Bank of Scotland. The facility, which has an initial term of twelve months, with the Company having an option to extend for a further six months, will be used to fund appraisal and development expenditures for the Kambuna field in Indonesia and the Columbus field in the UK North Sea as well as for Norwegian appraisal expenditure and general corporate purposes. Post year end In January 2008 the Company announced the completion of a placing of 24,770,354 new ordinary shares to the AIM Market and the TSX-V in Canada. The total funds raised for the Company was approximately US$49 million after expenses. The funding available from the loan facility, in conjunction with the finance raised in the recent January 2008 placing will provide sufficient resources to progress with the Company's forward programme. In February 2008 Serica announced that it had acquired an additional 25.5% working interest in the Kutai PSC in East Kalimantan, Indonesia. Serica, the operator of the Kutai PSC, now holds a 78% interest. The PSC was awarded to Serica in January 2007 and covers an area of around 4700 square kilometres in the Mahakam Delta, mainly offshore. There is a large amount of existing modern 3D seismic data on the block that Serica is currently analysing and interpreting in order to determine drilling locations for 2009. Serica remains very focused on creating shareholder value through its field development and exploration drilling programmes. As the Company continues to build on the exploration success that it has seen in the North Sea and Indonesia, its objectives are to bring the benefits of that success back to shareholders and to lay the foundations for future growth. The results of Serica's operations detailed below in the MD&A, and in the financial statements, are presented in accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards ('IFRS'). Results of Operations Serica generated a loss of US$13.6 million for 2007 compared to a loss of US$14.4 million for 2006. 2007 2006 US$000 US$000 Sales revenue - 61 Expenses: Administrative expenses (7,897) (6,641) Foreign exchange gain 394 1,715 Pre-licence costs (375) (4,205) Asset write offs (9,282) (12,870) Share-based payments (1,962) (1,918) Change in fair value of share warrants - 1,154 Depreciation and depletion (149) (95) Operating loss before net finance revenue and tax (19,271) (22,799) Profit on disposal - 2,311 Finance revenue 2,814 4,931 Finance costs (321) - Loss before taxation (16,778) (15,557) Taxation credit for the year 3,149 1,182 Loss for the year (13,629) (14,375) Basic and diluted loss per share (US$) (0.09) (0.10) Revenues from oil and gas production are recognised on the basis of the Company's net working interest in its properties. In 2007 the Company had no revenue. Revenue in 2006 was generated from Serica's 10% interest in the Lematang PSC which contained the Harimau field. These revenues are from discontinued operations following the disposal of the Lematang PSC interest in 2006. Direct operating costs for the field during that period were carried by Medco Energi Limited. Administrative expenses of US$7.9 million for 2007 increased from US$6.6 million for 2006. The general increase from 2006 reflects the growing scale of the Company's activities, including further recruitment, over the past twelve months. No significant foreign exchange movements impacted 2007 results. The significant foreign exchange gain of US$1.7 million earned in 2006 chiefly arose from the increase in US$ equivalent value of pounds sterling cash deposits held, as the pound continued to strengthen against the dollar during the year. Pre-licence costs include direct cost and allocated general administrative cost incurred on oil and gas interests prior to the award of licences, concessions or exploration rights. The Company did not incur significant pre-licence expense in 2007, and the decrease in the charge from US$4.2 million in 2006 to US$0.4 million in 2007 is largely caused by data acquisition costs specific to the 2006 Norway licence applications (US$2.7 million) and Vietnam pre-licence activity, absent in 2007. Asset write offs of US$9.3 million comprise US$9.0 million of largely pre-drilling costs in regard to the Biliton PSC and the Q4 2007 US$0.3 million charge against relinquished UK North Sea licences P1180 23/16e and 23/17b. The Q4 Biliton PSC asset write offs include charges against exploration and evaluation assets (US$7.7 million), goodwill (US$0.4 million), inventory (US$0.6 million) and related long term other receivables (US$0.3 million). 2006 asset write offs of US$12.9 million comprised US$12.7 million in regard to the Asahan Offshore PSC and the Q3 2006 US$0.2 million charge against relinquished UK North Sea licence P1180, Blocks 48/16a and 47/20b. Share-based payment costs of US$2.0 million reflect allocations of charges related to share option grants made during the course of 2005, 2006 and 2007 and compare with costs of US$1.9 million for 2006. In 2006 a fair value gain was recorded, as the fair value liability of warrants outstanding as at 31 December 2005 fell prior to their exercise in 2006. This had no impact in 2007 and no cash impact on any reported results. Depletion and depreciation charges for 2006 and 2007 represent office equipment only and are negligible. Those costs of petroleum and natural gas properties classified as exploration and evaluation assets are not currently subject to such charges pending further evaluation. The Kambuna asset costs now classified as development costs and held within plant, property and equipment as at 31 December 2007, will be depleted once production commences. The profit on disposal of US$2.3 million in 2006 was generated on the sale of the 10% interest in the Lematang PSC to Lundin Petroleum AB for US$5 million. Finance revenue, comprising interest income of US$2.8 million for 2007, compares with US$4.9 million for 2006. The decrease from last year is due to the reduced cash deposit balances held following expenditure on various drilling programmes. The first drawdown on the senior secured debt facility occurred soon after the facility was arranged in Q4 2007. Finance costs consist of interest payable and issue costs spread over the term of the bank loan facility. The taxation credit of US$3.1 million in 2007 represents the following; a current tax credit from actual and expected tax recoveries on Norwegian expenditure to date (US$6.1 million); a US$0.4 million credit from the release of the deferred tax liabilities attached to Biliton; a partial offset of the current tax credit in respect of Norwegian expenditure by a deferred income tax charge of US$3.4 million from the timing differences arising from capitalised exploration expenditure. The taxation credit of US$1.2 million in 2006 arose from the release of the deferred tax liabilities attached to the Lematang PSC (US$0.5 million) and Asahan (US$0.7 million). Expenditures during 2005, 2006 and 2007 have reduced any potential current income tax expense arising for 2007 and 2006 to US$ nil. The net loss per share decreased from US$0.10 to US$0.09 in 2007. Summary of Quarterly Results Quarter ended: 31 Mar 30 Jun 30 Sep 31 Dec US$000 US$000 US$000 US$000 2007 Sales revenue - - - - (Loss)/profit for the quarter (1,595) (1,587) 1,237 (11,684) Basic and diluted loss per share US$ (0.01) (0.01) - (0.08) Basic earnings per share US$ - - 0.01 - Diluted earnings per share US$ - - 0.01 - 2006 Sales revenue 25 36 - - Profit/(loss) for the quarter 1,037 1,839 (3,795) (13,456) Basic and diluted loss per share US$ - - (0.03) (0.09) Basic earnings per share US$ 0.01 0.01 - - Diluted earnings per share US$ 0.01 0.01 - - The fourth quarter 2007 loss includes asset write offs of US$9.0 million in regard to the Biliton PSC. The fourth quarter 2006 loss includes asset write offs of US$12.7 million in regard to the Asahan Offshore PSC. Working Capital, Liquidity and Capital Resources Current Assets and Liabilities An extract of the balance sheet detailing current assets and liabilities is provided below: 31 December 31 December 2006 2007 US$000 US$000 Current assets: Inventories 6,991 6,785 Trade and other receivables 21,906 30,872 Tax receivable 3,387 31 Cash and cash equivalents 22,638 77,306 Total Current assets 54,922 114,994 Less Current liabilities: Trade and other payables (23,604) (30,619) Net Current assets 31,318 84,375 At 31 December 2007, the Company had net current assets of US$31.3 million which comprised current assets of US$54.9 million less current liabilities of US$23.6 million, giving an overall decrease in working capital of US$53.1 million in the year. Inventories increased from US$6.8 million to US$7.0 million over the period. Trade and other receivables at 31 December 2007 included a US$9.4 million upfront deposit payment for the Global Santa Fe drilling rig for Indonesian operations, and significant recoverable amounts from partners in Joint Venture operations in the UK, Indonesia and Spain. Other smaller items included prepayments and sundry UK and Indonesia working capital balances. Cash and cash equivalents fell from US$77.3 million to US$22.6 million. The Company received US$5.0 million proceeds from the 2006 Lematang asset disposal, raised additional new funds of US$1.6 million through the exercise of share options and earned interest income of US$2.8 million, but incurred significant costs in 2007 from exploration work (principally the Q4 UK drilling programme on the Columbus discovery, preparation and start up costs of the Indonesian drilling programme, spend in Vietnam, Norway, Spain and Kutai) together with ongoing administrative costs. Trade and other payables chiefly include significant trade creditors and accruals from the Indonesian drilling programme and amounts due to the sub-contractor operating the Q4 Columbus drilling programme. Other smaller items include sundry creditors and accruals for administrative expenses and other corporate costs. Long-Term Assets and Liabilities An extract of the balance sheet detailing long-term assets and liabilities is provided below: 31 December 31 December 2007 2006 US$000 US$000 Exploration and evaluation assets 71,874 40,681 Property, plant and equipment 19,543 342 Goodwill 768 1,200 Financial assets 4,680 - Long-term other receivables 1,224 351 Financial liabilities (9,582) - Deferred income tax liabilities (3,910) (955) During 2007, total investments in petroleum and natural gas properties, excluding property, plant and equipment and represented by exploration and evaluation assets, increased from US$40.7 million to US$71.9 million. The net US$31.2 million increase consists of US$58.3 million of additions, less US$7.7 million of Biliton asset write offs and US$0.3 million of relinquished licence costs and the transfer of US$19.2 million of Kambuna costs from exploration and evaluation assets to property, plant and equipment which occurred effective 31 December 2007. The US$58.3 million of additions were incurred on the following assets: In South East Asia, US$9.7 million was spent in Indonesia on; drilling activity preparation, G&A on the Glagah Kambuna TAC (US$5.6 million), signature bonuses and seismic on the Kutai concessions (US$3.1 million), and US$1.0 million (net of US$1.0 million of back costs received in Q1) on Serica's share of Biliton drilling costs incurred on the two Biliton wells that exceeded the agreed carry by Nations Petroleum. US$6.7 million was spent in Vietnam on entry costs and seismic data acquisition. In the UK & Western Europe, significant expenditure was incurred on Columbus 2007 drilling and other Block 23/16f cost (US$23.6 million), US$3.6 million in Spain (chiefly on a 2D seismic survey), US$4.4 million in Norway (on seismic data acquisition and other exploration) and US$2.0 million in the UK and Ireland on exploration work and other G&A. The 2007 additions in UK & Western Europe also include costs capitalised when the anticipated recovery previously credited against exploration and evaluation assets as at 31 December 2006, was reversed in Q2 2007 following the announcement in June of the agreement between Serica and BG not to complete the BG/Serica cross assignment deal announced in 2006. Serica's capitalised cost now reflects its 50% share of costs incurred on the Block 23/16f in 2006, rather than the 25% previous interest. The US$19.2 million increase in property, plant and equipment from US$0.3 million in 2006 results from the reclassification of Kambuna from exploration and evaluation assets to development assets effective 31 December 2007. Property, plant and equipment also includes immaterial balances of US$0.4 million for office fixtures and fittings and computer equipment. Goodwill, representing the difference between the price paid on acquisitions and the fair value applied to individual assets, fell by US$0.4 million from US$1.2 million to US$0.8 million following the write off of costs allocated to Biliton. Financial assets include US$4.7 million of restricted cash deposits. Long-term other receivables of US$1.2 million are represented by value added tax ('VAT') on Indonesian capital spend, which would be recovered from future production. Financial liabilities are represented by the first drawdown under the senior secured debt facility, which occurred in Q4 2007. This includes accrued interest payable and is disclosed net of the unamortised portion of allocated issue costs. The deferred income tax liability increase of US$3.0 million from US$0.9 million to US$3.9 million, occurred from timing differences arising following the recognition of the Norwegian tax recovery asset. An increase of US$3.4 million was partially offset by a US$0.4 million liability decrease in relation to Biliton, which was released following the write off of Biliton costs. Shareholders' Equity An extract of the balance sheet detailing shareholders' equity is provided below: 31 December 31 December 2007 2006 US$000 US$000 Total share capital 158,871 157,283 Other reserves 13,729 11,767 Accumulated deficit (56,685) (43,056) Total share capital includes the total net proceeds (both nominal value and any premium on the issue of equity capital). Issued share capital during 2007 was increased by the exercise of 1,110,001 share options of the Company at prices ranging from Cdn$1.00 to Cdn$2.00. Other reserves include those equity amounts in respect of the movement in cumulative expense of share-based payment charges, and the element of the fair value liability of share purchase warrants eliminated upon exercise of those warrants. Capital Resources At 31 December 2007, Serica had US$31.3 million of net working capital, US$9.6 million of long term debt and no capital lease obligations. At that date the Company had commitments to future minimum payments under operating leases in respect of rental office premises, office equipment and motor vehicles for each of the following years as follows: US$000 31 December 2008 381 31 December 2009 389 31 December 2010 83 During the year the Company contracted the Sedco 704 drilling rig for 96 days during 2007 and 2008 for UK & NW Europe operations. As at 31 December 2007 the Company has a commitment for a remaining 40 days at a gross cost of US$13.5 million. The operations currently identified for use of the rig are ventures where joint venture partners are expected to pay a share of the costs. The Company also has obligations to carry out defined work programmes on its oil and gas properties, under the terms of the award of rights to these properties, over the next twelve months as follows: Year ending 31 December 2008 US$43,442,000 These obligations reflect the Company's share of interests in the defined work programmes and are not formally contracted at 31 December 2007. The Company is not obliged to meet other joint venture partner shares of these programmes. In the absence of revenues generated from oil and gas production Serica will utilise its existing cash balances, together with the US$100 million senior secured debt facility, to fund the immediate needs of its investment programme and ongoing operations. After the year end the cash balances existing at 31 December 2007 were supplemented by a net US$49 million raised from the share placing announced in January 2008. Off-balance Sheet Arrangements The Company has not entered into any off-balance sheet transactions or arrangements. Critical Accounting Estimates The Company's significant accounting policies are detailed in note 2 to the attached audited 2007 financial statements. International Financial Reporting Standards have been adopted. The cost of exploring for and developing petroleum and natural gas reserves are capitalised. Unproved properties are subject to periodic review for impairment whilst the costs of proved properties are depleted over the life of such producing fields. In each case, calculations are based upon management assumptions about future outcomes, product prices and performance. Financial Instruments The Group's financial instruments comprise cash and cash equivalents, bank loans and borrowings, accounts payable and accounts receivable. It is management's opinion that the Group is not exposed to significant currency, interest or credit risks arising from its financial instruments other than as discussed below: Serica has exposure to interest rate fluctuations; given the level of expenditure plans over 2008/9 this is managed in the short-term through selecting treasury deposit periods of one to six months. Cash and treasury credit risks are mitigated through spreading the placement of funds over a range of institutions each carrying acceptable published credit ratings to minimise counterparty risk. Where Serica operates joint ventures on behalf of partners it seeks to recover the appropriate share of costs from these third parties. The majority of partners in these ventures are well established oil and gas companies. In the event of non payment, operating agreements typically provide recourse through increased venture shares. It is management's opinion that the fair value of its financial instruments approximate to their carrying values, unless otherwise noted. Share Options As at 31 December 2007, the following employee share options were outstanding: - Expiry Date Number Exercise cost Cdn$ Share options Jun 2008 400,000 720,000 Feb 2009 247,499 494,998 May 2009 100,000 200,000 Dec 2009 275,000 275,000 Jan 2010 600,000 600,000 Jun 2010 1,100,000 1,980,000 Exercise cost £ Nov 2010 561,000 544,170 Jan 2011 1,275,000 1,319,625 May 2011 180,000 172,800 June 2011 270,000 259,200 Nov 2011 120,000 134,400 Jan 2012 1,056,000 1,077,120 May 2012 405,000 421,200 Aug 2012 1,200,000 1,182,000 Business Risk and Uncertainties Serica, like all exploration companies in the oil and gas industry, operates in an environment subject to inherent risks. Many of these risks are beyond the ability of a company to control, particularly those associated with the exploring for and developing of economic quantities of hydrocarbons: volatile commodity prices; governmental regulations; and environmental matters. Disclosure Controls and Procedures and Internal Controls over Financial Reporting Serica's management, including the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, has reviewed and evaluated the effectiveness of the Company's disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Multilateral Instrument 52-109 of the Canadian Securities Administrators) as of 31 December 2007. Management has concluded that, as of 31 December 2007, the disclosure controls and procedures were effective to provide reasonable assurance that material information relating to the Company and its consolidated subsidiaries would be made known to them by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report was being prepared. Management has designed internal controls over financial reporting to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with IFRS. There have been no changes in the Company's internal controls over financial reporting during the year that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, the Company's internal controls over financial reporting. Nature and Continuance of Operations The principal activity of the Company is to identify, acquire and subsequently exploit oil and gas reserves primarily in Asia and Europe. The Company's financial statements have been prepared with the assumption that the Company will be able to realise its assets and discharge its liabilities in the normal course of business rather than through a process of forced liquidation. The Company currently has no operating revenues and, during the period ended 31 December 2007 the Company incurred losses of US$13.6 million from continuing operations. At 31 December 2007 the Company held cash and cash equivalents of US$22.6 million and a financial asset of restricted cash of US$4.7 million. Following the year end the Company raised an additional US$49 million net of expenses as the result of a Placing of 24,770,354 ordinary shares in the Company. Outstanding Share Capital As at 7 March 2008, the Company had 176,418,310 ordinary shares issued and outstanding. Additional Information Additional information relating to Serica can be found on the Company's website at www.serica-energy.com and on SEDAR at www.sedar.com Approved on Behalf of the Board Paul Ellis Christopher Hearne Chief Executive Officer Finance Director 11 March 2008 Forward Looking Statements This disclosure contains certain forward looking statements that involve substantial known and unknown risks and uncertainties, some of which are beyond Serica Energy plc's control, including: the impact of general economic conditions where Serica Energy plc operates, industry conditions, changes in laws and regulations including the adoption of new environmental laws and regulations and changes in how they are interpreted and enforced, increased competition, the lack of availability of qualified personnel or management, fluctuations in foreign exchange or interest rates, stock market volatility and market valuations of companies with respect to announced transactions and the final valuations thereof, and obtaining required approvals of regulatory authorities. Serica Energy plc's actual results, performance or achievement could differ materially from those expressed in, or implied by, these forward looking statements and, accordingly, no assurances can be given that any of the events anticipated by the forward looking statements will transpire or occur, or if any of them do so, what benefits, including the amount of proceeds, that Serica Energy plc will derive therefrom. Serica Energy plc Group Income Statement for the year ended 31 December 2007 2007 2006 Notes US$000 US$000 Sales revenue 3 - 61 Cost of sales - - Gross profit - 61 Administrative expenses 5 (7,897) (6,641) Foreign exchange gain 394 1,715 Pre-licence costs (375) (4,205) Asset write offs 13,15 (9,282) (12,870) Share-based payments (1,962) (1,918) Change in fair value of share warrants - 1,154 Depreciation and depletion 6 (149) (95) Operating loss before net finance revenue and tax (19,271) (22,799) Profit on disposal 17 - 2,311 Finance revenue 9 2,814 4,931 Finance costs 10 (321) - Loss before taxation (16,778) (15,557) Taxation credit for the year 11 a) 3,149 1,182 Loss for the year (13,629) (14,375) Loss per ordinary share (US$) Basic and diluted LPS 12 (0.09) (0.10) Serica Energy plc Balance Sheet As at 31 December 2007 Group Company 2007 2006 2007 2006 Notes US$000 US$000 US$000 US$000 Non-current assets Exploration & evaluation assets 13 71,874 40,681 - - Property, plant and equipment 14 19,543 342 - - Goodwill 15 768 1,200 - - Investments in subsidiaries 16 - - 130,684 119,682 Financial assets 18 4,680 - 4,680 - Other receivables 18 1,224 351 - - 98,089 42,574 135,364 119,682 Current assets Inventories 19 6,991 6,785 - - Trade and other receivables 20 21,906 30,872 117,373 76,120 Tax receivable 20 3,387 31 - - Cash and cash equivalents 21 22,638 77,306 7,172 49,098 54,922 114,994 124,545 125,218 TOTAL ASSETS 153,011 157,568 259,909 244,900 Current liabilities Trade and other payables 22 (23,604) (30,619) (6,376) (1,045) Non-current liabilities Financial liabilities 23 (9,582) - (9,582) - Deferred income tax liabilities 11 (3,910) (955) - - TOTAL LIABILITIES (37,096) (31,574) (15,958) (1,045) NET ASSETS 115,915 125,994 243,951 243,855 Share capital 25 158,871 157,283 123,599 122,011 Merger reserve 16 - - 112,174 112,174 Other reserves 13,729 11,767 13,729 11,767 Accumulated deficit (56,685) (43,056) (5,551) (2,097) TOTAL EQUITY 115,915 125,994 243,951 243,855 Approved by the Board on 11 March 2008 Paul Ellis Chris Hearne Chief Executive Officer Finance Director ________________________________ _____________________________________ Serica Energy plc Statement of Changes in Equity For the year ended 31 December 2007 Group Share capital Other Accum'd Total reserves deficit US$000 US$000 US$000 US$000 At 1 January 2006 148,745 4,153 (28,681) 124,217 Conversion of warrants 8,530 - - 8,530 Conversion of options 35 - - 35 Issue of shares (net) (27) - - (27) Share-based payments - 1,918 - 1,918 Loss for the year - - (14,375) (14,375) Fair value of warrants converted - 5,696 - 5,696 At 31 December 2006 157,283 11,767 (43,056) 125,994 Conversion of options 1,588 - - 1,588 Share-based payments - 1,962 - 1,962 Loss for the year - - (13,629) (13,629) At 31 December 2007 158,871 13,729 (56,685) 115,915 Share Other Accum'd Total capital reserves deficit Company Merger reserve US$000 US$000 US$000 US$000 US$000 At 1 January 2006 113,473 112,174 4,153 (4,433) 225,367 Conversion of warrants 8,530 - - - 8,530 Conversion of options 35 - - - 35 Issue of shares (net) (27) - - - (27) Share-based payments - - 1,918 - 1,918 Profit for the year - - - 2,336 2,336 Fair value of warrants converted - - 5,696 - 5,696 At 31 December 2006 122,011 112,174 11,767 (2,097) 243,855 Conversion of options 1,588 - - 1,588 Share-based payments - - 1,962 1,962 Loss for the year - - - (3,454) (3,454) At 31 December 2007 123,599 112,174 13,729 (5,551) 243,951 Serica Energy plc Cash Flow Statement For the year ended 31 December 2007 Group 2006 Company 2006 2007 US$000 2007 US$000 US$000 US$000 Cash flows from operating activities: Operating loss (19,271) (22,799) (5,011) (1,376) Adjustments for: Depreciation and depletion 149 95 - - Asset write offs 9,282 12,870 - - Share-based payments 1,962 1,918 1,962 1,918 Change in fair value of share warrants - (1,154) - (1,154) Changes in working capital (5,008) (10,813) (1,899) (122) Cash generated from operations (12,886) (19,883) (4,948) (734) Taxes received 2,717 35 - - Net cash outflow from operations (10,169) (19,848) (4,948) (734) Cash flows from investing activities Interest received 2,873 4,999 1,497 3,872 Purchase of property, plant and equipment (185) (411) - - Purchase of intangible exploration assets (58,766) (24,190) - - Funding provided to group subsidiaries - - (45,054) (68,126) Funding provided for work programmes (4,680) - (4,680) - Disposals of intangible exploration assets 5,000 - - - Net cash used in investing activities (55,758) (19,602) (48,237) (64,254) Cash proceeds from financing activities: Net loan financing 9,671 - 9,671 - Net proceeds from issue of shares - (1,559) - (1,559) Proceeds on exercise of warrants/options 1,588 8,565 1,588 8,565 Net cash from financing activities 11,259 7,006 11,259 7,006 Net decrease in cash and cash equivalents (54,668) (32,444) (41,926) (57,982) Cash and cash equivalents at 1 January 77,306 109,750 49,098 107,080 Cash and cash equivalents at 31 December 22,638 77,306 7,172 49,098 Serica Energy plc Notes to the Financial Statements 1. Authorisation of the Financial Statements and Statement of Compliance with IFRS The Group's and Company's financial statements for the year ended 31 December 2007 were authorised for issue by the Board of Directors on 11 March 2008 and the balance sheets were signed on the Board's behalf by Paul Ellis and Chris Hearne. Serica Energy plc is a public limited company incorporated and domiciled in England & Wales. The principal activity of the Company and the Group is to identify, acquire and subsequently exploit oil and gas reserves primarily in Asia and Europe. The Company's ordinary shares are traded on AIM and the TSXV. The Group's financial statements have been prepared in accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards ('IFRS') as adopted by the EU as they apply to the financial statements of the Group for the year ended 31 December 2007. The Company's financial statements have been prepared in accordance with IFRS as adopted by the EU as they apply to the financial statements of the Company for the period ended 31 December 2007 and as applied in accordance with the provisions of the Companies Act 1985. The Group and Company's financial statements are also consistent with IFRS as issued by the IASB. The principal accounting policies adopted by the Group and by the Company are set out in note 2. The Company has taken advantage of the exemption provided under section 230 of the Companies Act 1985 not to publish its individual income statement and related notes. The deficit dealt with in the financial statements of the parent Company was US$3,454,000 (2006: profit US$2,336,000). On 1 September 2005, the Company completed a reorganisation (the 'Reorganisation'). whereby the common shares of Serica Energy Corporation were automatically exchanged on a one-for-one basis for ordinary shares of Serica Energy plc, a newly formed company incorporated under the laws of the United Kingdom. In addition, each shareholder of the Corporation received beneficial ownership of part of the 'A' share of Serica Energy plc issued to meet the requirements of public companies under the United Kingdom jurisdiction. Under IFRS this reorganisation was considered to be a reverse takeover by Serica Energy Corporation and as such the financial statements of the Group represent a continuation of Serica Energy Corporation. 2. Accounting Policies Basis of Preparation The accounting policies which follow set out those policies which apply in preparing the financial statements for the year ended 31 December 2007. The Group and Company financial statements are presented in US dollars and all values are rounded to the nearest thousand dollars (US$000) except when otherwise indicated. Use of Estimates and key sources of estimation uncertainty The preparation of financial statements in conformity with IFRS requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities as well as the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the balance sheet date and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual outcomes could differ from those estimates. The key sources of estimation uncertainty that has a significant risk of causing material adjustment to the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities within the next financial year are the estimation of share-based payment costs and the impairment of intangible exploration assets (E&E assets). The estimation of share-based payment costs requires the selection of an appropriate valuation model, consideration as to the inputs necessary for the valuation model chosen and the estimation of the number of awards that will ultimately vest, inputs for which arise from judgements relating to the continuing participation of employees (see note 27). The Group determines whether E&E assets are impaired in cost pools when facts and circumstances suggest that the carrying amount of a cost pool may exceed its recoverable amount. As recoverable amounts are determined based upon risked potential, or where relevant, discovered oil and gas reserves, this involves estimations and the selection of a suitable discount rate. The capitalisation and any write off of E&E assets necessarily involve certain judgements with regard to whether the asset will ultimately prove to be recoverable. Basis of Consolidation The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Serica Energy plc (the 'Company') and its wholly owned subsidiaries Serica Energy Corporation, Serica Energy Holdings B.V., Asia Petroleum Development Limited, Petroleum Development Associates (Asia) Limited, Serica Energia Iberica S.L., Serica Holdings UK Limited, Serica Energy (UK) Limited, PDA Lematang Limited, APD (Asahan) Limited, APD (Biliton) Limited, APD (Glagah Kambuna) Limited, Serica Energy Pte Limited, Serica Kutei B.V. ,Serica Nam Con Son B.V. and Serica Energy Norge AS. Together these comprise the 'Group'. All significant inter-company balances and transactions have been eliminated upon consolidation. Foreign Currency Translation The functional and presentational currency of Serica Energy plc and all its subsidiaries is US dollars. Transactions in foreign currencies are initially recorded at the functional currency rate ruling at the date of the transaction. Monetary assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currencies are retranslated at the foreign currency rate of exchange ruling at the balance sheet date and differences are taken to the income statement. Non-monetary items that are measured in terms of historical cost in a foreign currency are translated using the exchange rate as at the date of initial transaction. Non-monetary items measured at fair value in a foreign currency are translated using the exchange rate at the date when the fair value was determined. Exchange gains and losses arising from translation are charged to the income statement as an operating item. Business Combinations and Goodwill Business combinations are accounted for using the purchase method of accounting. The purchase price of an acquisition is measured as the cash paid plus the fair value of other assets given, equity instruments issued and liabilities incurred or assumed at the date of exchange, plus costs directly attributable to the acquisition. Goodwill on acquisition is initially measured at cost being the excess of purchase price over the fair market value of identifiable assets, liabilities and contingent liabilities acquired. Following initial acquisition it is measured at cost less any accumulated impairment losses. Goodwill is not amortised but is subject to an impairment test at least annually and more frequently if events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying value may be impaired. At the acquisition date, any goodwill acquired is allocated to each of the cash-generating units, or groups of cash generating units expected to benefit from the combination's synergies. Impairment is determined by assessing the recoverable amount of the cash-generating unit, or groups of cash generating units to which the goodwill relates. Where the recoverable amount of the cash-generating unit is less than the carrying amount, an impairment loss is recognised. Reverse takeovers Certain acquisitions whereby the substance of the acquisition is that the acquirer is the entity whose equity interests have been acquired, and the issuing entity is the acquiree, are considered to represent a reverse takeover. The legal subsidiary being acquired is the acquirer if it has the power to govern the financial and operating policies of the legal parent so as to obtain benefits from its activities. Reverse takeovers are treated as a business combination whereby the consolidated financial statements prepared following the takeover represent a continuation of the financial statements of the legal subsidiary acquired. Joint Venture Activities The Group conducts petroleum and natural gas exploration and production activities jointly with other venturers who each have direct ownership in and jointly control the assets of the ventures. These are classified as jointly controlled assets and consequently, these financial statements reflect only the Group's proportionate interest in such activities. In accordance with industry practice, the Group does not record its share of costs that are 'carried' by third parties in relation to its farm-in agreements. Similarly, while the Group has agreed to carry the costs of another party to a Joint Operating Agreement ('JOA') in order to earn additional equity, it records its paying interest that incorporates the additional contribution over its equity share. Full details of Serica's working interests in those petroleum and natural gas exploration and production activities classified as jointly controlled assets are included in the Review of Operations. Upon the successful development of an oil or gas field in a contract area, the cumulative excess of paying interest over working interest in that contract is generally repaid out of the field production revenue attributable to the carried interest holder. Exploration and Evaluation Assets As allowed under IFRS 6 and in accordance with clarification issued by the International Financial Reporting Interpretations Committee, the Group has continued to apply its existing accounting policy to exploration and evaluation activity, subject to the specific requirements of IFRS 6. The Group will continue to monitor the application of these policies in light of expected future guidance on accounting for oil and gas activities. Pre-licence Award Costs Costs incurred prior to the award of oil and gas licences, concessions and other exploration rights are expensed in the income statement. Exploration and Evaluation The costs of exploring for and evaluating oil and gas properties, including the costs of acquiring rights to explore, geological and geophysical studies, exploratory drilling and directly related overheads, are capitalised and classified as intangible exploration assets (E&E assets). These costs are allocated to cost pools; Indonesia, Vietnam, UK & North West Europe and Spain. E&E assets are not amortised prior to the conclusion of appraisal activities but are assessed for impairment in cost pools when facts and circumstances suggest that the carrying amount of a cost pool may exceed its recoverable amount. Recoverable amounts are determined based upon risked potential, and where relevant, discovered oil and gas reserves. When an impairment test indicates an excess of carrying value compared to the recoverable amount, the carrying value of the cost pool is written down to the recoverable amount in accordance with IAS 36. Such excess is expensed in the income statement. Costs of licences are expensed in the income statement if licences are relinquished, or if management do not expect to fund significant future expenditure in relation to the licence. The E&E phase is completed when either the technical feasibility and commercial viability of extracting a mineral resource are demonstrable or no further prospectivity is recognised. At that point, if commercial reserves have been discovered, the carrying value of the relevant assets, net of any impairment write-down, is classified as a development asset within property, plant and equipment, and tested for impairment. If commercial reserves have not been discovered then the costs of such assets will be retained within the relevant geographical E&E segment until subject to impairment or relinquishment. Asset Purchases and Disposals When a commercial transaction involves the exchange of E&E assets of similar size and characteristics, no fair value calculation is performed. The capitalised costs of the asset being sold are transferred to the asset being acquired. Decommissioning Liabilities for decommissioning costs are recognised when the Group has an obligation to dismantle and remove a production, transportation or processing facility and to restore the site on which it is located. Liabilities may arise upon construction of such facilities, upon acquisition or through a subsequent change in legislation or regulations. The amount recognised is the estimated value of future expenditure determined in accordance with local conditions and requirements. A corresponding tangible item of property, plant and equipment equivalent to the provision is also created. The Group did not carry any provision for decommissioning costs during 2006 or 2007. Any changes in the present value of the estimated expenditure is added to or deducted from the cost of the assets to which it relates. The adjusted depreciable amount of the asset is then depreciated prospectively over its remaining useful life. Property, Plant and Equipment - Development Assets Capitalisation Development and production assets are accumulated into single field cost centres and represent the cost of developing the commercial reserves and bringing them into production together with the E&E expenditures incurred in finding commercial reserves previously transferred from E&E assets as outlined in the policy above. Depreciation Development assets are not depreciated until production commences. Costs relating to each single field cost centre are depleted on a unit of production method based on the commercial proven and probable reserves for that cost centre. The depletion calculation takes account of the estimated future costs of development of recognised proven and probable reserves, based on current price levels. Changes in reserve quantities and cost estimates are recognised prospectively from the last reporting date. Impairment A review is performed for any indication that the value of the Group's development and production assets may be impaired. For development assets when there are such indications, an impairment test is carried out on the cash generating unit. Each cash generating unit is identified in accordance with IAS 36. Serica's cash generating units are those assets which generate largely independent cash flows and are normally, but not always, single development or production areas. If necessary, additional depletion is charged through the income statement if the capitalised costs of the cash generating unit exceed the associated estimated future discounted cash flows of the related commercial oil and gas reserves. Property, Plant and Equipment - Other Computer equipment and fixtures, fittings and equipment are recorded at cost as tangible assets. The straight-line method of depreciation is used to depreciate the cost of these assets over their estimated useful lives. Computer equipment is depreciated over three years and fixtures, fittings and equipment over four years. Inventories Inventories are valued at the lower of cost and net realisable value. Cost is determined by the first-in first-out method and comprises direct purchase costs and transportation expenses. Investments In its separate financial statements the Company recognises its investments in subsidiaries at cost. Financial Instruments Financial instruments comprise financial assets, cash and cash equivalents, financial liabilities and equity instruments. Trade and other receivables, which generally have 30-90 day terms, are recognised and carried at original invoice amount less an allowance for any uncollectible amounts. Bad debts are written off when identified. Financial assets Financial assets are initially recognised at fair value plus transaction costs that are directly attributable to the acquisition or issue of the financial asset. Amortised cost is calculated by taking into account any discount or premium on acquisition over the period to maturity. For investments carried at amortised cost, gains and losses are recognised in income when the investments are de-recognised or impaired, as well as through the amortisation process. Cash and cash equivalents Cash and cash equivalents include balances with banks and short-term investments with original maturities of three months or less at the date acquired. Financial liabilities Financial liabilities include interest bearing loans and borrowings, and outstanding share warrants which are carried at fair value. Changes in fair value are recognised in the income statement for the period. Obligations for loans and borrowings are recognised when the Group becomes party to the related contracts and are measured initially at the fair value of consideration received less directly attributable transaction costs. After initial recognition, interest-bearing loans and borrowings are subsequently measured at amortised cost using the effective interest method. Gains and losses arising on the repurchase, settlement or otherwise cancellation of liabilities are recognised respectively in finance revenue and finance cost. Revenue Recognition Revenue is recognised to the extent that it is probable that the economic benefits will flow to the Group and the revenue can be reliably measured. Revenue from oil and natural gas production is recognised on an entitlement basis for the Group's net working interest. Finance Revenue Finance revenue chiefly comprises interest income from cash deposits on the basis of the effective interest rate method and is disclosed separately on the face of the income statement. Finance Costs Finance costs of debt are allocated to periods over the term of the related debt at a constant rate on the carrying amount. Arrangement fees and issue costs are amortised and charged to the income statement as finance costs over the term of the debt. Share-Based Payment Transactions The Company operates equity settled schemes under which employees may be awarded share options from time-to-time. The fair value of each option at the date of the grant is estimated using an appropriate pricing model based upon the option price, the share price at the date of issue, volatility and the life of the option. It is assumed that all performance criteria are met. No expense is recognised for awards that do not ultimately vest, except for awards where vesting is conditional on a market condition. In this case such awards are treated as vesting provided that all other performance conditions are satisfied. At each balance sheet date before vesting, the cumulative expense is calculated, representing the extent to which the vesting period has expired and management's best estimate of the achievement or otherwise of non-market conditions and of the number of equity instruments that will ultimately vest or, in the case of an instrument subject to a market condition, be treated as vesting as described above. The movement in cumulative expense since the previous balance sheet date is recognised in the income statement, with a corresponding entry in equity. Estimated associated national insurance charges are expensed in the income statement on an accruals basis. Share Warrants The fair value of each outstanding warrant is estimated using a Black Scholes pricing model based upon the warrant exercise price, the share price, volatility and the life of the warrant. Equity Equity instruments issued by the Company are recorded at the proceeds received, net of direct issue costs. Income Taxes Deferred tax is provided using the liability method and tax rates and laws that have been enacted or substantially enacted at the balance sheet date. Provision is made for temporary differences at the balance sheet date between the tax bases of the assets and liabilities and their carrying amounts for financial reporting purposes. Deferred tax is provided on all temporary differences except for: • temporary differences associated with investments in subsidiaries, where the timing of the reversal of the temporary differences can be controlled by the Group and it is probable that the temporary differences will not reverse in the foreseeable future; and • temporary differences arising from the initial recognition of an asset or liability in a transaction that is not a business combination and, at the time of the transaction, affects neither the income statement nor taxable profit or loss. Deferred tax assets are recognised for all deductible temporary differences, to the extent that it is probable that taxable profits will be available against which the deductible temporary differences can be utilised. Deferred tax asset and liabilities are presented net only if there is a legally enforceable right to set off current tax assets against current tax liabilities and if the deferred tax assets and liabilities relate to income taxes levied by the same taxation authority. Earnings Per Share Earnings per share is calculated using the weighted average number of ordinary shares outstanding during the period. Diluted earnings per share is calculated based on the weighted average number of ordinary shares outstanding during the period plus the weighted average number of shares that would be issued on the conversion of all potentially dilutive shares to ordinary shares. It is assumed that any proceeds obtained on the exercise of any options and warrants would be used to purchase ordinary shares at the average price during the period. Where the impact of converted shares would be anti- dilutive, these are excluded from the calculation of diluted earnings. New standards and interpretations not applied IASB and IFRIC have issued the following standards and interpretations with an effective date after the date of these financial statements: International Accounting Standards (IAS/IFRSs) IFRS 2 'Amendment to IFRS 2 - Vesting Conditions and Cancellations' - Effective date 1 January 2009 IFRS 3 'Business Combinations (revised January 2008)' - Effective date 1 July 2009 IFRS 8 'Operating Segments' - Effective date 1 January 2009 IAS 1 'Presentation of Financial Statements (revised September 2007)' - Effective date 1 January 2009 IAS 23 'Borrowing Costs (revised March 2007) - Effective date 1 January 2009 IAS 27 Consolidated and Separate Financial Statements (revised January 2008) - Effective date 1 July 2009 International Financial Reporting Interpretations Committee (IFRIC) IFRIC 11 'IFRS2 - Group and Treasury Share Transactions' - Effective for periods starting 1 March 2007 IFRIC 12 'Service Concession Arrangements' - Effective date 1 January 2008 IFRIC 13 'Customer Loyalty Programmes' - Effective date 1 July 2008 IFRIC 14 'IAS 19 - The Limit on a Defined Benefit Asset, Minimum Funding Requirements and their Interaction' - Effective date 1 January 2008 The Directors do not anticipate that the adoption of these statements and interpretations will have a material impact on the Group's financial statements in the period of initial application. 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