Final Results FY23

Tirupati Graphite PLC

03 August 2023

 

03 August 2023

Tirupati Graphite plc

('Tirupati', 'TG' or the 'Company')

Final Results FY23

Tirupati Graphite plc, the specialist graphite producer and developer of sustainable new age materials, is pleased to announce its Audited Final Results for the year ended 31 March 2023 (FY23).  A copy of the Annual Report and Accounts will be available shortly on the Company's website, www.tirupatigraphite.co.uk.

Operational and Development Highlights FY23

●     Achieved key milestone at Madagascan graphite projects:

o  Completed and commissioned 18,000tpa Sahamamy plant;

o  Upgraded Vatomina's capacity to 12,000tpa.

●     Achieved production and first sale of 97% purity flake graphite.

●    Took various measures to mitigate the risks of severe weather conditions, stabilise operations and reduce both costs in H2 FY23 and carbon emissions per unit of production:

o  Divided processing flow sheet into two parts, shifting the first leg of processing, which removes c.90% of impurities from the ore to the mine pit heads.

●  Undertook extensive market development activities resulting in an increase of the number of customers supplied across geographies.

●     Improved gross profits and operating margins, setting the base to achieve profitability at corporate level.

Summary of the operating results for the year are as detailed in table below:

Particulars	Units	FY23	FY22	YoY Change
Total Production	Metric Tons (MT)	4,770	2,996	+59%
Mining & Processing costs	£	1,512,563	935,604	+62%
Human Resources costs	£	326,783	378,671	-14%
Logistics utilities & plant admin costs	£	368,061	308,278	+19%
(Increase) / Decrease in inventory	£	(676,058)	(485,357)	+39%
Total Costs of Production (Excl. Depreciation)	£	1,531,349	1,137,196	+35%
Cost per MT of Production	£	321	380	-15%
Total Sales Volume	MT	3,982	2,663	+50%
Total Revenues	£	2,890,010	1,645,308	+76%
Average Selling price per MT of Production	US$ / £ per MT	875 / 726	841 / 618	+4% in US$ / +17% in GBP terms
Gross Profit before Depreciation	£	1,358,661	508,112	+167%
Gross Margin on Sales	%	47%	31%	+52%

●    Operating margins up due to actions taken to mitigate weather conditions and increasing capacity across Madagascan projects to 30,000tpa.

●   Strict cost discipline meant focus was maintained on achieving the higher capacity construction and commissioning alongside production from reorganised operations.

●     Management resources and teams on the ground worked efficiently and trained local human resources to improve productivity.

●   Grew operating margins - the Company believes it has reached the operational stage where as the production ramp up is progressed it will achieve profitability at corporate level.

●     76% increase in revenues versus 50% increase in quantity sold reflects higher price realisation in US$ terms and impacts of GBP depreciation against US$ during the year.

Outlook of Madagascar Operations

●     Post year end, ramping up production and sales with a target to achieve 75 - 80% of rated capacity at the earliest possible.

●     Identifying and addressing gaps like adding additional standby power generation and other facilities to minimise plant downtime and with a target to reach 100% capacity utilisation at the earliest.

●     Substantially progressed business growth during Q1 FY24 having sold 2,772MT as compared to 3,982MT in whole of FY23,

●     Growth at a more gradual pace than targeted impacted by cash limitations due to:

o  Considerable capital used to build capacity, undertake weather mitigation work, complete the acquisition of Suni Resources, and build inventory of spares and consumables for the expanded operations, more so as larger corporate buyers need to be provided 60 to 90 days payment period from shipment date.

o  Overdue VAT refund of >GBP 1 million as at end of FY23 from the Tax Department in Madagascar (received >GBP 1 million VAT refund for the previous periods April 2022 to December 2022).

●     In discussions with possible sources for post-sale credit financing and in negotiations with certain customers for prepayments. 

●   Remains engaged to ramp up production and optimise capacity utilisation to achieve consistent operating cash generation at corporate level.

Capex Intensity and future capacity growth in Madagascar

Cumulative investments made in CAPEX by the Company across its two projects in Madagascar up to 31 March 2023, depreciation accrued thereon, and net depreciated book value of the CAPEX investments made are as tabulated below:

Head of CAPEX	Total Investment (£) at Cost As at 31.03.2023	Accrued Depreciation (£) As at 31.03.2023	Net Book Value (£) As at 31.03.2023
Property Plant & Equipment	8,536,528	1,874,020	6,662,508
Infrastructure	4,727,205	417,910	4,309,295
Asset under Construction	226,634	-	226,634
Total	13,490,367	2,291,930	11,198,437

●     Applied resources to ensure it continues to increase its output and sales.

●     Any further major capacity build is planned to be progressed once c.80% capacity utilisation at the current facilities is achieved.

●     Continues to work on the opportunity of increasing the capacity at Madagascar to 36,000 tons per annum as soon as practicable.

Snapshot of Consolidated Income Statement

Summary of the Group's consolidated income statement for the year ended 31 March 2023 is as follows:

Particulars	FY23 (£)	FY22 (£)	YOY Change (%)	Commentary
Revenues	2,890,010	1,645,308	76%	Revenues grew due to increased production and sales
Cost of Sales	(1,531,349)	(1,137,196)	35%	Cost of Sales grew at much lesser rate than revenue due to operational efficiencies
Gross Profit (Excl. Dep)	1,358,661	508,112	167%	Resulted in Gross Profit increase by 167%
Less Administrative Expenses	(2,197,703)	(1,774,581)	24%	Admin expenses increased for corporate costs, fund raise costs and increased management team size on the ground
EBITDA	(839,042)	(1,266,469)	(34%)	Resulted in improved EBITDA loss decrease
Less Depreciation	(1,267,227)	(565,079)	124%	Increased due to additional Capex subjected to depreciation
EBIT	(2,106,269)	(1,831,548)	15%	Negative EBIT increased by 15% due to increased depreciation
Less Finance Cost	(251,641)	(140,209)	79%	Finance Costs increased due to new CLN issue
EBT	(2,357,910)	(1,971,757)	20%	Resulted in increase in negative EBT by 20     %
Less Taxes	(9,775)	48,271		Impact of Deferred tax and current tax provisions in Madagascar Subsidiaries
EAT	(2,367,685)	(1,923,486)	23%	EAT loss increased by 23     %, due to increased depreciation
Loss per share (Basic)	2.59 pence	2.24      pence	16%	Basic Loss per share increased by 16%
Loss per share (Diluted)	2.59 pence	2.24      pence	16%	Diluted Loss per share increased by 16%

Highly favourable long term demand matrix

●     The global push for climate action and energy transition is resulting in increased consumption of flake graphite in energy storage lithium-ion batteries used in EVs and other applications.

●     Increasing consumption of flake graphite is reported in applications like fire safety, thermal management and advanced materials and composites, while consumption in conventional applications continues.

●     Substantial global dependence for flake graphite on Chinese sources has created greater interest in the consumer industry for non-Chinese sources.

●     The Company is not aware of any other new material production having commenced during the year outside China.

●     The Company continues to increase its markets across geographies as is evident from its growing sales although remains a buyers' market at this time.

●     Non-Chinese battery capacities remain substantially in development stage and expected to add new demand over the coming years.

Inorganic growth

●    Completed the acquisition of Suni Resources SA ("Suni Resources") as announced on 3 April 2023 from ASX listed Battery Minerals Limited as part strategy to supply c.8% of global 2030 flake graphite demand, estimated to be no less than 5 million tons by that time.

●     Acquisition brings two advanced stage flake graphite projects in Mozambique, which host c.150 million tons of JORC Compliant reserves and resources containing c.12 million tons of flake graphite.

●     Commenced work on further optimising the studies conducted by the previous owners to advance the projects and incorporate the in-house advantages and processing technologies used by the Company.

●     The Montepuez project is also being evaluated for its Vanadium resource which has the potential to present as an economic by-product and further strengthen the project's economics.

●    To further strengthen its presence in Madagascar, the Company entered into a conditional agreement in September 2022 to acquire three mining permits in Madagascar covering a total area of 31.25km2 and located in the vicinity of its existing projects.

Downstream and Advanced Materials

●     The sub-committee of the Board comprising the Independent NEDs is continuing to look at the alternative options to meet the objective of developing a downstream and advanced materials business within the Company  The Company plans to provide a more detailed update to the market once these options have been fully evaluated.

Other Developments

●    In Madagascar, continue to progress second phase of exploration activities with an enhanced target of c.10,000 diamond core drilling to be executed and acquired a second drilling rig for the purpose.

●     Completed the construction of the maiden 100 kilo watt hydro power plant  in Sahamamy and generated its first power during the year, though commercial use of power commenced only in June 2023.

●     Continued restoration of mining areas where appropriate and plans further developed for the larger mining areas for catering to current operations.

●     Continued to integrate environmentally friendly flake graphite processing technologies for projects in Madagascar, generating sand as a by-product, which remains in extensive use for its internal developments.

●     Continued sustainability initiatives - further details to be included in an updated Sustainability Report.

CHAIRMAN'S STATEMENT

I am pleased to present the sixth Annual Report of the Company to our shareholders. Tirupati Graphite ('TG") has continued to evolve and expand, helping to address the increasing demand for graphite, one of the key critical minerals in the energy transition, especially for emerging supply chains non-dependent on single nations. Amidst this wider market demand, value creation remains core to our culture, and we continue to leverage our extensive graphite expertise and key principles to drive sustainable value across our stakeholder base.

We have now completed two full financial years since our ordinary shares were admitted to trading on the standard segment of the main markets of The London Stock Exchange ("LSE"). While we continued to evolve the development of our projects in Madagascar, we have also sharpened our long term aims, targeting circa 8% of the global flake graphite market by 2030, estimated to be circa 400,000 tpa, in the long-term as EV adaptation gains ground. The Company set the base for this by completing the acquisition of two world class graphite projects in Mozambique. Flake Graphite and its derivatives are essential materials in technologies for achieving improved energy efficiency, e-mobility, fire hazard safety, thermal management, and evolution of new age materials. We recognise its importance as a material, its market demand expectations, the economics that create a sound business model, and the opportunities it presents us with.

We are pleased to report that our first stage of development to a capacity that enables us to become a profitable Company at the Corporate level was completed during the year under reporting and incorporated successful operational innovations at our producing projects. The Company also successfully completed the acquisition of Suni Resources S.A., incorporated in Mozambique, post year end. Across its two projects, Suni holds a globally significant resource base that sets an expanded foundation for our significant ambitions as part of the global energy transition, with particular focus on the electric vehicle segment.

It has been tireless efforts from the Board and management of the Company that has led us to reach this stage and we will continue to build from here with our step-by-step approach. Achieving the capacities, we have to date significantly strengthened our standing as a company and our prospects for growing further business moving forward. We will refine our capacity development for a short period and assess the location options for our near-term future capacity additions that will best fit the needs of our growing business, whether in Madagascar or in Mozambique.  In this period, it is our target to fully optimise the outcomes of the capacities already created and continue to develop deep relationships with markets of this critical mineral.

Shishir Poddar

Chair

Consolidated Statement of Comprehensive Income

For the year ended 31 March 2023

	Notes	2023	2022
		£	£
Continuing operations
Revenue	5	2,890,010	1,645,308
Cost of Sales	6	(1,531,349)	(1,137,196)
Depreciation of Operating Assets		(1,024,564)	(482,641)
Gross profit		334,097	25,471
Administrative expenses	7	(2,440,366)	(1,857,019)
Operating loss		(2,106,269)	(1,831,548)
Finance costs	9	(251,641)	(140,209)
Loss before income tax		(2,357,910)	(1,971,757)
Income tax	10	(9,775)	48,271
Loss for the year attributable to owners of the Company		(2,367,685)	(1,923,486)
Other comprehensive income: Items that may be reclassified to profit or loss:
Exchange differences on translation of foreign operations		(1,381,371)	(361,662)
Total comprehensive loss for the year attributable to the Group		(3,749,056)	(2,285,147)
Earnings per share attributable to owners of the Company		Pence per share	Pence per share
From continuing operations:
Basic and Diluted	11	(2.59)	(2.24)

The accompanying accounting policies and notes are an integral part of these finance

Consolidated and Company Statement of Financial Position

As at 31 March 2023

	Notes	Group		Company
		2023	2022	2023	2022
		£	£	£	£
Non-current assets
Investments in subsidiaries	13	-	-	3,921,348	3,901,023
Property, plant and equipment	14	11,198,437	7,356,121	-	-
Deferred tax	24	74,046	75,242	-	-
Deposits		32,455	6,806	-	-
Intangible assets	12	3,599,065	3,571,196	40,970	40,970
Total non-current assets		14,904,003	11,009,365	3,962,318	3,941,993
Current assets
Inventory	16	1,386,558	732,274	-	-
Trade and other receivables	15	4,755,629	4,242,635	21,213,389	13,858,647
Cash and cash equivalents		289,338	1,534,023	130,340	1,505,410
Total current assets		6,431,525	6,508,932	21,343,729	15,364,057
Current liabilities
Trade and other payables	17	1,684,808	730,869	735,440	315,207
Borrowings	19	909,000	536,000	909,000	536,000
Total current liabilities		2,593,808	1,266,869	1,644,440	851,207
Net current assets		3,837,717	5,242,063	19,699,289	14,512,850
Non-current liabilities
Borrowings	19	1,862,500	473,000	1,862,500	473,000
Other payables	17	31,080	31,232	-	-
Total non-current liabilities		1,893,580	504,232	1,862,500	473,000
NET ASSETS		16,848,140	15,747,196	21,799,107	17,981,843
Equity
Share capital	20	2,536,195	2,173,497	2,536,195	2,173,497
Share premium account		24,462,976	19,975,356	24,462,976	19,975,356
Warrant reserve	21	116,065	130,557	116,065	130,557
Foreign exchange reserve		(2,157,579)	(776,208)	-	-
Retained losses		(8,109,518)	(5,756,006)	(5,316,129)	(4,297,566)
Equity attributable to owners of the Company		16,848,140	15,747,196	21,799,107	17,981,843
TOTAL EQUITY		16,848,140	15,747,196	21,799,107	17,981,843

The Company has elected to take the exemption under section 408 of the Companies Act 2006 not to present the company statement of comprehensive income.

The loss for the company for the year was £1,032,736 (2022: £1,400,141).

The accompanying accounting policies and notes are an integral part of these financial statements.

The financial statements were approved by the Board of Directors on 02 August 2023 and signed on its behalf by:

Mr Shishir Poddar                                               

Executive Chairman and Managing Director                    

Company registration number: 10742540

Consolidated Statement of Changes in Equity

For the year ended 31 March 2023

	Attributable to the owners of the company
	Share capital	Share premium	Foreign exchange reserve	Share warrants reserve	Retained losses	TOTAL EQUITY
	£	£	£	£	£	£
Balance at 1 April 2021	1,871,084	10,426,988	(414,546)	130,557	(3,832,520)	8,181,563
Loss for the period	-	-	-	-	(1,923,486)	(1,923,486)
Other Comprehensive Income: Exchange translation loss on foreign operations	-	-	(361,662)	-	-	(361,662)
Total comprehensive income for the year:	-	-	(361,662)	-	(1,923,486)	(2,285,148)
Transactions with owners
Shares issued	302,413	9,548,368	-	-	-	9,850,781
Balance at 31 March 2022	2,173,497	19,975,356	(776,208)	130,557	(5,756,006)	15,747,196
Loss for the year	-	-	-	-	(2,367,685)	(2,367,685)
Other Comprehensive Income: Exchange translation loss on foreign operations	-	-	(1,381,371)	-	-	(1,381,371)
Total comprehensive income for the year:	-	-	(1,381,371)	-	(2,367,685)	(3,749,056)
Transactions with owners
Shares issued	362,698	4,487,302	-	-	-	4,850,000
Adjustment to Warrant Reserve	-	319	-	(14,492)	14,173	-
Balance at 31 March 2023	2,536,195	24,462,976	(2,157,579)	116,065	(8,109,518)	16,848,140

The accompanying accounting policies and notes are an integral part of these financial statements.

Share capital - Represents the nominal value of the issued share capital.

Share premium account - Represents amounts received in excess of the nominal value on the issue of share capital less any costs associated with the issue of shares. During the year, £250,000 was adjusted as share issue expenses against share premium reserves.

Retained losses - Represents accumulated comprehensive income for the year and prior years excluding translation.

Foreign exchange reserve - Represents exchange differences arising from the translation of the financial statements of foreign subsidiaries and the retranslation of monetary items forming part of the net investment in those subsidiaries.

Share warrant reserve - Represents reserve for equity component of warrants issued as per IFRS 2 share-based payments.

Company Statement of Changes in Equity

For the year ended 31 March 2023

	Attributable to equity shareholders
	Share capital	Share premium	Share warrants reserve	Retained losses	TOTAL EQUITY
	£	£	£	£	£
Balance at 1 April 2021	1,871,084	10,426,988	130,557	(2,897,425)	9,531,204
Loss for the period	-	-	-	(1,400,141)	(1,400,141)
Total comprehensive income:	-	-	-	(1,400,141)	(1,400,141)
Transactions with owners
Shares issued	302,413	9,548,368	-	-	9,850,781
Balance at 31 March 2022	2,173,497	19,975,356	130,557	(4,297,566)	17,981,843
Loss for the year	-	-	-	(1,032,736)	(1,032,736)
Total comprehensive income:	-	-	-	(1,032,736)	(1,032,736)
Transactions with owners
Shares issued	362,698	4,487,302	-	-	4,850,000
Adjustment to warrant reserve	-	319	(14,492)	14,173	-
Balance at 31 March 2023	2,536,195	24,462,976	116,065	(5,316,129)	21,799,107

The accompanying accounting policies and notes are an integral part of these financial statements.

Share capital - Represents the nominal value of the issued share capital.

Share premium account - Represents amounts received in excess of the nominal value on the issue of share capital less any costs associated with the issue of shares. During the year, £250,000 was adjusted as share issue expenses against share premium reserves.

Retained losses - Represents accumulated comprehensive income for the year and prior years.

Share warrant reserve - Represents reserve for equity component of warrants issued as per IFRS 2 share-based payments.

Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows

For the year ended 31 March 2023

		2023	2022
		£	£
Cash used in operating activities
Loss for the year		(2,357,910)	(1,971,757)
Adjustment for:
Depreciation		1,267,227	565,079
Convertible loan note costs ("CLN")		93,125	-
Share based payments expense		-	-
Lease interest		3,334
Finance costs		251,641	140,209
Unrealized Forex Loss / (Gain)		(41,054)	-
Working capital changes:
Increase/(decrease) in inventories		(654,284)	(271,181)
Increase/(decrease) in receivables		(1,566,964)	(547,603)
Increase/(decrease) in payables		861,019	285,596
Increase/(decrease) in DTA & Other assets		(25,649)	(10,723)
Taxes paid		(319)	-
Net cash from/(used in) operating activities		(2,169,835)	(1,810,380)
Cash flows from investing activities:
Purchase of tangible assets		(2,797,818)	(5,151,562)
Advance towards asset purchase**		(2,632,525)	(2,592,163)
Net cash (used in) investing activities		(5,430,343)	(7,743,725)
Cash flows from financing activities*
Proceeds from Shares issued (net of costs)		4,750,000	9,576,781
Proceeds from issue of Convertible loan notes (net of costs)(see below note)		1,769,375	-
Lease Liability		(10,087)	7,368
Finance cost		(168,496)	(140,209)
Net cash from financing activities		6,341,111	9,436,572
Effects of exchange rates on cash and cash equivalents		14,382	-
Net (decrease)/increase in cash and cash equivalents		(1,244,685)	(110,165)
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period		1,534,023	1,644,189
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period		289,338	1,534,023

The accompanying accounting policies and notes are an integral part of these financial statements.

*For reconciliation of cash and non-cash items from financing activities refer Note No. 19 (Convertible loan notes) & note 20 (share capital).

**Advance towards asset purchase is for advance paid towards acquisition of Suni resources.

Note: Reconciliation of Convertible Loan Notes

	2023	2022
	£	£
Opening Balance as on 1st April	1,009,000	1,283,000
Issued during the year	1,862,500	-
Redeemed/Converted during the year (non cash item)	(100,000)	(274,000)
Closing Balance as on 31st March	2,771,500	1,009,000

Particulars	2023	2022
	£	£
Amount Received from issue	1,862,500	-
Issue cost Paid against consideration	(93,125)	-
Net Amount received from issue	1,769,375	-

Company Statement of Cash Flows

For the year ended 31 March 2023

		2023	2022
		£	£
Loss for the year		(1,032,736)	(1,400,141)
Adjustment for:
Increase in inventories		-	212,580
Share based payments		-	-
Unrealized Forex Loss / (Gain)		20,675	-
CLN issuance cost		93,125	-
Finance costs		251,641	140,209
Working capital changes:
Increase/(decrease) in receivables		(87,712)	(5,718,677)
Increase/(decrease) in payables		319,244	95,427
Net cash used in operating activities		(435,763)	(6,670,602)
Cash flows from investing activities:
Sale of tangible assets		-	201,725
Advance towards asset purchase**		(2,632,525)	(2,592,163)
Loans to Subsidiaries		(4,634,505)	-
Investment in subsidiaries		(20,325)	(361,575)
Net cash (used in) investing activities		(7,287,355)	(2,752,013)
Cash flows from financing activities*
Shares issued		4,750,000	9,576,781
Proceeds from issue of convertible loan notes		1,769,375	-
Finance costs		(168,496)	(140,209)
Net cash from financing activities		6,350,879	9,436,572
Effects of exchange rates on cash and cash equivalents		(2,831)	-
Net (decrease)/increase in cash and cash equivalents		(1,375,070)	13,956
Cash and cash equivalents brought forward		1,505,410	1,491,454
Cash and cash equivalents carried forward		130,340	1,505,410

*For reconciliation of cash and non-cash items from financing activities refer Note No. 19 (Convertible loan notes) & note 20 (share capital).

**Advance towards asset purchase is for advance paid towards acquisition of Suni resources.

The accompanying accounting policies and notes are an integral part of these financial statements.

Note: Reconciliation of Convertible Loan Notes

	2023	2022
	£	£
Opening Balance as on 1st April	1,009,000	1,283,000
Issued during the year	1,862,500	-
Redeemed/Converted during the year (non cash item)	(100,000)	(274,000)
Closing Balance as on 31st March	2,771,500	1,009,000

Particulars	2023	2022
	£	£
Amount Received from issue	1,862,500	-
Issue cost Paid against consideration	(93,125)	-
Net Amount received from issue	1,769,375	-

Notes to the Financial Statements

1.  General Information

Tirupati Graphite plc (the "Company") is incorporated in England and Wales, under the Companies Act 2006. The registered office address is given on Company Information page.

The Company is a public company, limited by shares. On 14 December 2020 the ordinary shares of the Company were admitted on the official list of the FCA and to trading on the main market of the London stock exchange through standard listing.

The principal activities of the Company and its subsidiaries (the "Group") and the nature of the Group's operations are set out in the Strategic Report.

These consolidated financial statements are presented in pounds sterling since that is the currency of the primary economic environment in which the Group and Company operates. 

2.  Adoption of new and revised UK adopted IAS

New Standards

The Group and Company have adopted all recognition, measurement, and disclosure requirements of IFRS, including any new and revised standards and Interpretations of IFRS, in effect for annual periods commencing on or after 1 April 2022. The following IFRS or IFRIC interpretations were effective for the first time for the financial year beginning 1 January 2022. Their adoption has not had any material impact on the disclosures or on the amounts reported in this financial information:

Standards/interpretations	Description	Effective from
IFRS 3 amendments	Business Combinations	1 January 2022
IAS 16 amendments	Property, Plant and Equipment	1 January 2022
IAS 37 amendments	Provisions, Contingent Liabilities and Contingent Assets	1 January 2022
IFRS 9 amendments	Annual Improvements to IFRS Standards 2018-2020 (fees in the 10 percent test for derecognition of financial liabilities).	1 January 2022

Standards which are in issue but not yet effective:

At the date of authorisation of these financial statements, the following Standards and Interpretation, which have not yet been applied in these financial statements, were in issue but not yet effective.

Standard or interpretation	Description	Effective date
IAS 1	Amendments - Classification of Liabilities as Current or Non-current	1 January 2023
IAS 8	Amendments - Definition of Accounting estimate	1 January 2023
IAS 12	Amendments - Deferred Tax related to Assets and Liabilities arising from a Single Transaction	1 January 2023
IAS 1 amendments and IFRS practice statement 2	Disclosure of accounting policies	1 January 2023

The Group and Company have not early adopted any of the above standards and intends to adopt them when they become effective.

3.  Significant Accounting Policies

Basis of Preparation

These consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with UK adopted international accounting standard (UK- adopted IAS) in conformity with the requirements of the Companies Act 2006 and in accordance with the requirements of the Companies Act 2006.

The financial statements have been prepared on the historical cost basis, except for financial instruments that are measured at the fair values at the end of the reporting period. Historical cost is generally based on the fair value of the consideration given in exchange for goods and services.

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with UK-adopted IAS requires the use of certain critical accounting estimates. It also requires management to exercise its judgement in the process of applying the accounting policies. The areas involving a higher degree of judgement or complexity, or areas where assumptions and estimates are significant to the consolidated financial statements, are disclosed in Note 4.

The principal accounting policies adopted are set out on the following pages.

Going Concern

The Group's business activities, together with the factors likely to affect its future development, performance and position are set out in the Business Review and Strategic Report Sections. The financial position of the Group and the Company, their cash flows and liquidity positions are contained in the financial statements. The expected evolution of the business and significant post year end events is also described in the business review and strategic reports. In addition, the Annual Report discloses the Group's objectives, policies and processes for managing its business and capital; its financial risk management objectives; details of its financial instruments; and its exposure to credit and liquidity risk.

Since its Initial Public Offering and admission for trading on the standard segment of the London Stock Exchange, the company has executed development to reach a capacity of 30,000 tons flake graphite production by end of the reporting period and is engaged in ramping up production while selling its produce globally. In the period the Company continued to produce and sell from the created facilities and its annual revenues continue to grow. The Company further reported positive operating gross cash margins throughout the period and addressed any challenges that came on its way successfully finding solutions as has been reported by the Company on a continued basis.

For the year under reporting, the Company achieved 47% operating margins at a total production of 4,770MT clocking sales of 3982 tons and yielding revenue of £2,890,010 up 76% over previous year whereas the new 18,000 tons capacity was only commissioned at the end of the year. In the first quarter of the current financial year, the Company achieved sales of 2772 tons which represent c.70% of the quantity sold in the year under reporting and the Company continues to ramp up its production and sales with a target to achieve 75-80% production and sales on the installed capacity. According to the Company's estimates, it achieves positive operating cash flows at the corporate level at an estimated 800-900 tons of sales per month.

The Company raised a total gross sum of £6,862,500 during the year by way of capital raise activities, 1,862,500 by way of Convertible Loan Notes and £5,000,000 by way of equity placing. Since admission in December 2020, the Company had raised a sum of £16,000,000 up to 31 March 2022. Thus, the Company has an established track record for raising funds for its development, though it is not guaranteed that the Company will be able to raise funds successfully in the future. However, the Company's current established capacities and operations provide reasonable basis to assume that the Company can continue to meet its costs and cash requirements at the consolidated level with its revenues.

While the Company has been in a stringent cash position at the close of the year under reporting, the Company continues to produce and sell and realise sale proceeds increasing output step by step within its available resources. The Company is also engaged to explore possible routes for financing its receivables or by way of convertible debt to ease its liquidity position it continues to manage its business within the available resources.

Taking in to account the comments above, the Directors have a reasonable expectation that the Group has adequate resources to continue in operational existence for the foreseeable future, given its current resources, installed capacities and operations, and growing sales and revenues which are expected to add positive operating cash flows which the Company can use and leverage for its future growth.

Were the Company unable to meet its cash flow needs from its current revenue resources, the Company shall not hesitate from raising any gap funding and the Board believes and has demonstrated that it has the ability to do so. Therefore, the Company continues to adopt the going concern basis of accounting in preparing the financial statements and is of the view that with the development of the business and creation of capacities over the past few years, it has attained the status that it shall remain a going concern for the foreseeable future.

The Company notes that even though the Company has historically successfully raised capital to meet its capital needs, there is no certainty that the Company shall be able to raise funds over the next 12 months to meet its obligations and/or needs if the situation so requires. Thus the auditors made reference to include a material uncertainty in relation to going concern in their audit opinion.    

Basis of Consolidation

Subsidiaries are all entities (including structured entities) over which the Group has control. The Group controls an entity when the Group is exposed to, or has rights to, variable returns from its involvement with the entity and has the ability to affect those returns through its power over the entity. Subsidiaries are fully consolidated from the date on which control is transferred to the Group. They are deconsolidated from the date that control ceases.

The Group re-assesses whether or not it controls an investee if facts and circumstances indicate that there are changes to one or more of the three elements of control. Assets, liabilities, income and expenses of a subsidiary acquired or disposed of during the year are included in the consolidated financial statements from the date the Group gains control until the date the Group ceases to control the subsidiary.

The Group consists of Tirupati Graphite plc and its wholly owned subsidiaries Tirupati Madagascar Ventures and Etablissements Rostaing.

In the company financial statements, investments in subsidiaries are accounted for at cost less impairment.

The consolidated financial statements incorporate those of Tirupati Graphite plc and all of its subsidiaries (i.e. entities that the group controls through its power to govern the financial and operating policies so as to obtain economic benefits). Subsidiaries acquired during the year are consolidated using the purchase method. Their results are incorporated from the date that control passes.

All financial statements are made up to 31 March 2023. Where necessary, adjustments are made to the financial statements of subsidiaries to bring the accounting policies used into line with those used by other members of the group.

All intra-group transactions, balances, and unrealised gains on transactions between Group companies are eliminated by accounting resulting foreign exchange difference into Other Comprehensive Income and foreign exchange reserve on consolidation.

Segment Reporting

The Group's chief operating decision makers are considered to be the Board and senior management who have determined that as the Group has only Graphite mining extraction activities in one region, Madagascar as all the activities are closely linked and monitored as one operating and geographical segment. Thus its Corporate Office in London, UK and the Company is not seen as a separate reporting segment. Therefore results, assets and liabilities of the operating segment are the same as presented in the Group's primary statements. Previously Company reported segment information, relating to assets and liabilities of the group's subsidiaries which the management has reassessed, leading to the conclusion that such segment reporting is not relevant and hence removed from the current report.

Revenue Recognition

Revenue is measured at the fair value of the consideration received or receivable and represents amounts receivable for goods or services supplied in course of ordinary business, stated net of discounts, returns and value added taxes. The Group recognises revenue in accordance with IFRS 15 at either a point in time or over time, depending on the nature of the goods or services and existence of acceptance clauses.

The Incoterms at which the Company conducts its sale of goods are Free on Board (FOB) or Cost Insurance Freight (CIF) basis. Under these incoterms as per Uniform Customs and Practices the point of transfer of risk and rewards for the goods sold to the buyer is the port from which the goods are shipped. Thus, the point of revenue recognised by the Company is the entry of goods duly stuffed in containers and sealed at which point the charge of goods are transferred to the prearranged shipping line who issue the relevant shipping document as the goods are loaded on the ship.

Foreign Currencies

For each entity, the Group determines the functional currency, and items included in the consolidated financial statements of each entity are measured using that functional currency. The Group's financial statements are prepared and presented in in Pounds sterling, which is its functional currency.

Foreign Currency Transactions

Transactions in foreign currencies are translated at the foreign exchange rate ruling at the date of the transaction. Foreign exchange differences arising on translation are recognised in profit or loss. The subsidiaries are accounted into Madagascar local currency i.e., Malagasy Ariary. For the purpose of consolidation, the year-end assets and liabilities are converted at closing rate and all income statement items are converted using average rate for the year. The difference arising on such is passed through Other Comprehensive Income and Foreign Exchange Reserves.

Taxation

Income tax represents the sum of current tax and deferred tax.

Current tax

Current tax is based on taxable profit or loss for the year. Taxable profit or loss differs from net profit or loss as reported in the income statement because it excludes items of income or expense that are taxable or deductible in other years and it further excludes items that are never taxable or deductible. The Group's liability for current tax is calculated using tax rates that have been enacted or substantively enacted by the balance sheet date.

A provision is recognised for those matters for which the tax determination is uncertain, but it is considered probable that there will be a future outflow of funds to a tax authority. The provisions are measured at the best estimate of the amount expected to become payable. The assessment is based on the judgement of tax professionals within the Company supported by previous experience in respect of such activities and in certain cases based on specialist independent tax advice.

Deferred tax

Deferred tax is the tax expected to be payable or recoverable on differences between the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities in the financial statements and the corresponding tax bases used in the computation of taxable profit and is accounted for using the balance sheet liability method.

Deferred tax liabilities are generally recognised for all taxable temporary differences and deferred tax assets are recognised to the extent that it is probable that taxable profits will be available against which deductible temporary differences can be utilised. Such assets and liabilities are not recognised if the temporary difference arises from the initial recognition of intangible asset or from the initial recognition (other than in a business combination) of other assets and liabilities in a transaction that affects neither the taxable profit nor the accounting profit.

The carrying amount of deferred tax assets is reviewed at each balance sheet date and reduced to the extent that it is no longer probable that sufficient taxable profits will be available to allow all or part of the asset to be recovered.

Deferred tax is calculated at the tax rates that are expected to apply in the period when the liability is settled, or the asset is realised based on tax laws and rates that have been enacted or substantively enacted at the balance sheet date. Deferred tax is charged or credited in the income statement, except when it relates to items charged or credited in other comprehensive income, in which case the deferred tax is also dealt with in other comprehensive income.

The measurement of deferred tax liabilities and assets reflects the tax consequences that would follow from the manner in which the Group expects, at the end of the reporting period, to recover or settle the carrying amount of its assets and liabilities.

Deferred tax assets and liabilities are offset when there is a legally enforceable right to set off current tax assets against current tax liabilities and when they relate to income taxes levied by the same taxation authority and the Group intends to settle its current tax assets and liabilities on a net basis.

Assets Under Construction

All expenditure on the construction, installation or completion of infrastructure facilities is capitalised as construction in progress within "Assets Under Construction". Once production starts at a project that was under construction, all assets included in "Assets Under Construction" are transferred into "Property, Plant and Equipment". It is at this point that depreciation/amortisation commences over its useful economic life. 

Property, Plant and Equipment

Property, Plant and Equipment in the course of construction for production, supply or administrative purposes, or for purposes not yet determined, are carried at cost, less any recognised impairment loss. Costs includes professional fees and, for qualifying assets, borrowing costs capitalised in accordance with the Group's accounting policy. Depreciation of these assets, on the same basis as other property assets, commences when the assets are ready for their intended use.

Fixtures and equipment are stated at cost less accumulated depreciation and any recognised impairment loss. Depreciation is recognised so as to write off the cost or valuation of assets (other than freehold land and properties under construction) less their residual values over their useful lives, using the straight-line method, on the following bases:

Plant and machinery                                                                            10%-25% per annum

Infrastructure and fixtures*                                                               10%-25% per annum                                          

*It includes mine developments assets, furniture & fixtures land lease assets, engineering centre and similar assets that are not included in Plant and Machinery.

The estimated useful lives, residual values and depreciation method are reviewed at the end of each reporting period, with the effect of any changes in estimate accounted for on a prospective basis.

An item of Property, Plant and Equipment is derecognised upon disposal or when no future economic benefits are expected to arise from the continued use of the asset. The gain or loss arising on the disposal or scrappage of an asset is determined as the difference between the sales proceeds and the carrying amount of the asset and is recognised in income.

Mining Exploration and Evaluation

The Company carries out exploration and evaluation activities whenever required with the help of company's consultant and in house geologists to determine if the exploration results returned during the period warrant further exploration expenditure and have the potential to result in an economic discovery. The amount of expenses incurred are towards pumping and manpower which are small in amounts and company's charges the same to income statement and does not recognise separate asset under IFRS 6, since company finds it immaterial to show it as recoverable asset. During the year, amount of £1,659 (2022: Nil) is charged to income statement in the nature of research and development expenses.

Intangible assets recorded at fair-value on business combination

The Company acquired two entities located in Madagascar which are its current operating assets. These assets are acquired as part of a business combination. When a business combination results in the acquisition of an entity whose only significant assets are its exploration asset and/or rights to explore, the Directors consider that the fair value of the exploration assets is equal to the consideration. Any excess of the consideration over the capitalised exploration asset is treated in the form of intangible exploration asset. The Company sees no reason for any impairment in the value of such intangible exploration asset and thus carry's the same as an asset in its financials at present. The Company will continue to assess this in its future financial statements and if and when prudent, may consider reclassifying it to mine development asset.

Derecognition of intangible assets

An intangible asset is derecognised on disposal, or when no future economic benefits are expected from use or disposal. Gains or losses arising from derecognition of an intangible asset, measured as the difference between the net disposal proceeds and the carrying amount of the asset, are recognised in profit or loss when the asset is derecognised.

Inventories

Inventories are stated at the lower of cost and net realisable value. Cost comprises direct materials and, where applicable, direct labour costs and those overheads that have been incurred in bringing the inventories to their present location and condition. Cost is calculated using the weighted average method. Net realisable value represents the estimated selling price less all estimated costs of completion and costs to be incurred in marketing, selling and distribution.

Investments

Investments in subsidiaries are held at cost less any impairment.

Financial instruments

Financial assets and financial liabilities are recognised in the Group's balance sheet when the Group becomes a party to the contractual provisions of the instrument.

Financial assets

Initial recognition and measurement

The Group applies IFRS 9 "Financial Instruments" and elected the simplified approach method.

The Group classifies its financial assets in the following categories: loans and receivables and fair value through profit and loss. The classification depends on the nature of the assets and the purpose for which the assets were acquired. Management determines the classification of its financial assets at initial recognition and this designation at every reporting date.

Trade and Other Receivables

Loans and receivables are non-derivative financial assets with fixed or determinable payments that are not quoted in an active market. The principal financial assets of the Company are loans and receivables, which arise principally through the provision of goods and services to customers (e.g., trade receivables) but also incorporate other types of contractual monetary assets. They are included in current assets, except for maturities greater than twelve months after the balance sheet date. These are classified as non-current assets.

The Group's loans and receivables comprise trade and other receivables and cash and cash equivalents in the Consolidated Statement of Financial Position.

Financial assets are measured upon initial recognition at fair value plus transaction costs directly attributable to the acquisition of the financial assets, except for financial assets measured at fair value through profit or loss ("FVTPL") in respect of which transaction costs are recorded in profit or loss. Other financial assets are classified into the following specified categories: financial assets as "at fair value through profit and loss" and "loans and receivables". The classification depends on the nature and purpose of the financial assets and is determined at the time of initial recognition. The financial assets are subsequently measured at amoritized cost except for assets recognized at FVTPL.

Cash and cash equivalents

Cash and cash equivalents include cash in hand, deposits held at call with banks and other short-term highly liquid investments with maturities of three months or less. Bank overdrafts that are repayable on demand and form an integral part of the Group's cash management are included as a component of cash and cash equivalents in the consolidated cash flow statement.

Financial assets - impairment

The Group assesses on a forward-looking basis the expected credit losses associated with its instruments carried at amortized cost and FVTPL"). The impairment methodology applied depends on whether there has been a significant increase in credit risk. For trade receivables, the Group applies the simplified approach permitted by IFRS 9, which requires expected lifetime losses to be recognised from initial recognition of the receivables.

Non-financial assets - impairment

At each balance sheet date, the Group reviews the carrying amounts of its tangible and intangible assets, to determine whether there is any indication that these assets have suffered an impairment loss. If any such indication exists, the recoverable amount of the asset is estimated to determine the extent of the impairment loss (if any). Provision is made for any impairment and immediately expensed in the period.

The recoverable amount is the higher of fair value less costs to sell and value in use. In assessing value in use, the estimated future cash flows are discounted to their present value using a pre-tax discount rate that reflects current market assessments of the time value of money and the risks specific to the asset for which the estimates of future cash flows have not been adjusted.

If the recoverable amount of an asset (or cash-generating unit) is estimated to be less than its carrying amount, the carrying amount of the asset (or cash-generating unit) is reduced to its recoverable amount. An impairment loss is recognised as an expense immediately, unless the relevant asset is carried at a revalued amount, in which case the impairment loss is treated as a revaluation decrease.

Financial liabilities and equity instruments issued by the Group

Financial liabilities and equity instruments are classified according to the substance of the contractual arrangements entered into. An equity instrument is any contract that evidences a residual interest in the assets of the Group after deducting all of its liabilities. Equity instruments issued by the Group are recorded at the proceeds received, net of direct issued costs.

Trade payables

Trade payables are initially measured at fair value, and are subsequently measured at amortised costs, using the effective interest rate method.

Leases

At inception of a contract, the Group assesses whether a contract is, or contains, a lease. A contract is, or contains, a lease if the contract conveys the right to control the use of an identified asset for a period of time in exchange for consideration. To assess whether a contract conveys the right to control the use of an identified asset, the Group uses the definition of a lease in IFRS 16.

The Group recognises a right-of-use asset and a lease liability at the lease commencement date. The right-of use asset is initially measured at cost, which comprises the initial amount of the lease liability adjusted for any lease payments made at or before the commencement date, plus any initial direct costs incurred and an estimate of costs to dismantle and remove the underlying asset or to restore the underlying asset or the site on which it is located, less any lease incentives received.

The right-of-use asset is subsequently depreciated using the straight-line method from the commencement date to the end of the lease term, unless the lease transfers ownership of the underlying asset to the Group by the end of the lease term or the cost of the right-of-use asset reflects that the Group will exercise a purchase option. In that case the right-of-use asset will be depreciated over the useful life of the underlying asset, which is determined on the same basis as those of property and equipment. In addition, the right-of-use asset is periodically reduced by impairment losses, if any, and adjusted for certain remeasurements of the lease liability.

The lease liability is initially measured at the present value of the lease payments that are not paid at the commencement date, discounted using the interest rate implicit in the lease or, if that rate cannot be readily determined, the Group's incremental borrowing rate. Generally, the Group uses its incremental borrowing rate as the discount rate.

The Group determines its incremental borrowing rate by based on the rate at it which has secured borrowing and makes certain adjustments to reflect the terms of the lease and type of the asset leased. The lease liability is measured at amortised cost using the effective interest method. It is remeasured when there is a change in future lease payments.

When the lease liability is remeasured in this way, a corresponding adjustment is made to the carrying amount of the right-of-use asset or is recorded in profit or loss if the carrying amount of the right-of-use asset has been reduced to zero.

Borrowings

These financial liabilities are all interest bearing and are initially recognised at amortised costs and include the transaction costs directly related to the issuance. The transaction costs are amortised using the effective interest rate method over the life of the liability.

Convertible Loan Notes are recorded at their issue price. Any interest due on these CLNs is recorded on accrual basis. On conversion/redemption the face value of converted CLNs is reduced from the total carried value. Interest at 12% p.a. is paid semi-annually. The Company has issued Convertible Loan note during the year and in past. In reference to the Company's specific circumstances and financial position, the convertibility offering within the CLN's document is not assessable as a component in exchange of a lesser coupon. The Company's policy on the conversion option provided to the CLN subscribers was in exchange of not getting to the direct equity placement, with conversion defined at a premium to the price of the Company's shares at the time of issue of CLN's thus reducing possible dilution for its existing shareholders. Thus, the equity component of CLN's is not accounted for as it is not considered to be material to the financial statements.

Financial liabilities at Fair Value Through Profit or Loss ("FVTPL")

A financial liability is classified as at FVTPL if it is classified as held-for-trading, it is a derivative or it is designated as such on initial recognition. Financial liabilities at FVTPL are measured at fair value and net gains and losses, including any interest expense, are recognised in profit or loss.

Other financial liabilities

Other financial liabilities are initially measured at fair value, net of transaction costs. Other financial liabilities are subsequently measured at amortised cost using the effective interest method, as set out above, with interest expense recognised on an effective yield basis. The Company's Lease Liability is recorded.

Share based payments

Equity-settled share-based payments are measured at fair value at the date of grant by reference to the fair value of the equity instruments granted using the Black-Scholes model. The fair value determined at the grant date is expensed on a straight-line basis over the vesting period, based on the estimate of shares that will eventually vest. A corresponding adjustment is made to equity.

When the terms and condition of equity settled share-based payments at the time they were granted are subsequently modified, the fair value of the share-based payment under the original terms and conditions and under the modified terms and conditions are both determined at the date of the modification. Any excess of the modified fair value over the original fair value is recognised over the remaining vesting period in addition to the grant date fair value of the original share-based payment. The share-based payment expense is not adjusted if the modified fair value is less than the original fair value.

Cancellations or settlements are treated as an acceleration of vesting and the amount that would have been recognised over the remaining vesting period is recognised immediately.

4.  Critical Accounting Estimates and Judgements

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with UK adopted IAS requires the use of estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of sales and expenses during the reporting period. Although these estimates are based on management's best knowledge of the amount, event or action, actual results ultimately may differ from those estimates.

Estimates and judgements are continually evaluated and are based on historical experience and other factors, including expectations of future events that are believed to be reasonable under the circumstances.

The Group makes estimates and assumptions concerning the future. The resulting accounting estimates will, by definition, seldom equal the related actual results. The estimates and assumptions that have a significant risk of causing a material adjustment to the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities within the next financial period are discussed below.

a)     Impairment of assets

The Company is required to test, on an annual basis, whether its non-current assets have suffered any impairment. Determining whether these assets are impaired requires an estimation of the value in use of the cash-generating units to which the assets have been allocated. The value in use calculation requires the Directors to estimate the future cash flows expected to arise from the cash-generating unit and a suitable discount rate to calculate the present value. Subsequent changes to the cash generating unit allocation or to the timing of cash flows could impact on the carrying value of the respective assets. The Company uses factors like estimated quantity of production and sales, basket price, variable cost per ton, fixed costs, discounting rate and working capital changes to judge the impairment of assets. The company has done impairment testing taking in consideration for 10 years and not 5 years as suggested by standard, because company believes it is in project development stage and it will eventually take that sufficient time to explore mine resources and get out economic benefit of it.

Production assets

In accordance with the accounting principles and standards followed by the Company under the relevant standards, we have conducted an assessment of our capital assets to determine if there are any indicators of impairment in the carrying value of capital assets as at 31 March 2023. We are pleased to report that as of 31 March 2023, there are no indications of impairment for our capital assets.

Components of capital assets of the Company including exploration assets, drilling and mining equipment, processing plant and equipment, Infrastructure and project development etc and form a significant component of our balance sheet. These play a vital role in generating current and future economic benefits for the company. These assets have been valued appropriately, considering their expected useful lives.

The total value of capital assets of the Company as at 31 March 2023 was as below:

a.     At Cost                                   : £ 13,490,367

b.     Book value                            : £ 11,198,437

We regularly monitor various factors that could potentially affect the value of our capital assets, such as changes in market conditions, technological advancements, legal or regulatory changes, and physical damage. An assessment of impairment of production assets has been carried out by the Company considering whether the net losses of the Company have impaired its production assets and whether the net present value of the production assets is lower than its book value and has come to the conclusion that there is no impairment in the value of its production assets.

Impairment of intangible assets

The intangible exploration assets of the Company relate to the excess of consideration paid over the book value as acquired at the time of acquisition of the assets the Company holds in Madagascar, which stood at £3,599,065 as at 31 March 2023 (2022: £3,571,196). Such assets have an indefinite useful life as the Group has a right to renew exploration licences and the asset is only amortised once extraction of the resource commences. Management tests for impairment annually whether exploration projects have future economic value in accordance with the accounting policy stated in Note 3. The company holds c.33 square kilometres of flake graphite mining permits for forty years. Currently the Company has reported mineral resource estimates for only about 30% of identified mineral bearing zones. The Company sees no indictors of impairment under IFRS6 as the licences remain valid and further exploration is planned. The Companies net present value assessments in relation assets show significant higher potential as compared to the Book Value of the assets. Hence, the Company finds no justification for impairment to be charged.

Useful economic lives of property, plant and equipment

The annual depreciation charge for different asset classes under property, plant and equipment are charged considering the relevant factors to that asset class. For all asset classes depreciation is accounted for on the basis of norms set under the local regulations which is in the range of 10 to 25% depending on the asset type signifying useful life of 10 years or below. The Company has no reasons to believe that the useful life of the assets is below these. Thus, at the year end, Company assessed that there is no requirement of changing the useful economic life of its assets.

In regard to Mine Development assets which is also a part of property plant and equipment, this contains expenses relating to costs incurred for determination of availability of graphite deposits, ore resources and expenses related to developments of mining for the purpose of providing raw material to the processing plants that have been set up by the Company at its projects. The Company adapted an unconventional path for its development the gist of which is as below:

a.    Alongside continuation of exploration, it evolved a development path utilising its internal expertise. This path envisaged modular development of production capacities alongside continuation of graphite resources estimations made under JORC 2012 standards.

b.     In 2019, SRK consulting assessed the first set of activities performed by the company for the purpose of resource determination and the CPR defined resources in the projects under Inferred and Indicated categories.

c.     According to conventional approach for development of mining activities, this CPR was not enough for setting up mining and processing facilities, but the Company preferred to commence development of the projects on the back of its own expertise.

d.     The development is also staged, and the capacities installed by the Company to date are more of less 35% of the total that it intends to install at these projects.

e.   Given that the Company initiated production activities it prudently preferred to account for amortisation of mine development assets.

f.   Since no ore reserves are established by the CPR and ongoing investments continue in Mine Development arena it is not in accordance with usual practices that the Company could consider quantitative amortisation of the costs incurred under the head.

g.     The Company therefore preferred to assess what will be the minimum worst-case life of mine on its operations and this was assumed as 10 years for worst case scenario.

h.     The Company therefore adopted a flat 10% annual rate of Amortisation for the Mine Development Assets for the past years.

i.      It is important to note that costs under this head will continue to be incurred till such time that the Company continues its exploration activities and will ultimately culminate into an updated Competent Person Report engaged by the Company.

j.      At this stage the Company may prudently consider to change its method of amortisation of the Mine Development assets based on quantitative considerations if it is so prudent to do.

Intragroup receivables

The Company assessed the recoverability of intragroup receivables, and it does not require any impairment adjustment in current financial year. This on the basis that the subsidiaries have remained in investment mode until end of this year and it is only now that the opportunity to produce at a annual rate that leads to profitability of the subsidiaries have been achieved. The Company shall review this status further at the end of FY24 to assess further on Intragroup receivables.

b) Provision for restoration costs

The Company makes good any provision for the cost of rehabilitating the end-of-life production sites and related production facilities at the same time as production. The rehabilitation costs are charged to the Income statement as incurred. As is privy to the Group's environment and sustainability initiatives management take note of the Environment Commitment Book which underlines in-county regulations set out by the Malagasy Government, and the environmental conditions within the mining permit, which covers the Group's obligations towards restauration and rehabilitation. The group has adopted a principle of ongoing rehabilitation activities. The directors do not believe any further provision Is required because the project areas in Madagascar are located within a moderately undulating area and the Company's mine planning takes this into consideration the topographic advantage. In addition, the nature of the deposit and pit design is such that rehabilitation and restoration of mining areas is an ongoing and concurrent activity undertaken by the Group. In line with the requirements of the licence, they have already incurred costs relating to the construction of anti-erosion infrastructures, dam cleaning, wall making, soil restoration and some reforestation of areas.  

Following limited and small-scale production to date, the Group's operations after the year end will significantly increase and management will therefore undertake another detailed analysis of their environmental and restoration obligations following increased activity in line with its second Sustainability Report which shall be formulated against the Global Reporting Initiative (GRI) Index, one of leading industry benchmarks which has been adopted by the Company. The Sustainability Report will provide deeper insights on the various mechanisms and steps taken by the Company to meet their legal obligations and improve the lives of people in some of the most deprived regions and its workplaces, reduce environmental impacts and to have environment friendly operations across the various legs of its business. The Sustainability Report will also highlight the goals and targets set by the Company for the longer-term and the green technologies developed by the Company.  Once this exercise is completed, management will review the findings and assess whether any activities are to be performed in this regard.    

c) Recoverability of VAT

The Company has been regularly receiving VAT refunds generally in 3-6 months of time and believes that the balance standing of GBP 1,058,832 in Trade and other receivables will be recovered in due course. Hence there is no requirement of writing off such assets.    

d) Going Concern

The financial statements have been prepared on the basis that the Company remains a going concern. The management's judgement are based on the Company's current stage of development and estimated future cash flows from operation and the ability of the Company to raise funds if the need so be. The auditors have preferred to include a material uncertainty in relation to going concern in their audit opinion.

e) Capitalisation of Costs for development

The Company does not employ any Engineering and Construction contractors for development of its projects and conducts mine and infrastructure development activities also using its in house resources including mining equipment fleet and human resources. During the year the Company executed extensive development activities across its projects along with operations of the facilities that were completed. Adopting conservative principles for capitalisation, the management uses its judgement for capitalisation of reasonable part of those resources that are used in development activities.

5.  Revenue from Contracts with Customers

The Group & the company derives revenue from the transfer of goods at a point in time in the following major product lines and geographical regions:

2023	USA	Europe	Africa	Asia	Total
Revenue from external customers	40,289	717,786	36,024	2,095,912	2,890,010
Timing of recognition:
At a point in time	40,289	717,786	36,024	2,095,912	2,890,010

2022	USA	Europe	Asia	Total
Revenue from external customers	34,000	224,033	1,387,275	1,645,308
Timing of recognition:
At a point in time	34,000	224,033	1,387,275	1,645,308

Following customers constituted more than 10% of the revenue, their respective share of revenue is mentioned below:

	2023	2022
	£	£
Customer A	895,809	224,033
Customer B	471,867	488,330
Customer C	408,780	287,247
Customer D	339,710	430,429
Customer E	292,414	-

Revenues of approximately £ 2,408,580 (2022: £1,430,039) are derived from 5 customers who each account for greater than 10% of the group's & company's total revenues.

6.  Cost of Sales

	2023	2022
	£	£
Expenses included in Cost of Sales:
Mining & Processing Costs	1,512,563	935,064
Human Resource Costs	326,783	378,671
Logistics Utilities & Plan Admin Costs	368,061	308,278
(Increase)/Decrease in Inventory of Inputs	(676,058)	(485,357)
	1,531,349	1,137,196

7.  Expenses by Nature

	2023	2022
	£	£
The following items have been included in arriving at operating loss
Depreciation on other assets	242,663	565,079
Net foreign exchange gain	(256,927)	(95,171)
PR/IR Expenses	118,865	131,885
Professional Fees	223,460	124,454
Insurance	127,617	27,941
Director Emoluments	362,042	355,000
Management Salary	405,793	569,179
Brokerage	93,125	-
R&D Expenses	82,807	-
Other Admin Expenses	958,421	606,293
Auditor's remuneration has been included in arriving at operating loss as follows:
Fees payable to the Company's auditor and their associates for the audit of the  Company and consolidated financial statements	82,500	55,000
Fees payable to the Company's auditor and its associates for other services:	-	-
Corporate finance services	-	-

8.  Employee Information

The average monthly number of employees (including Executive Directors) was:

	2023	2022
Number of employees for the year:	474	290
	£	£
Wages & salaries (for the above employees)	1,088,599	1,118,892
Social security costs	90,123	40,485
Share based payments	-	-
	1,178,722	1,159,377

Directors' remuneration and transactions

	2023	2022
	£	£
Directors' remuneration
Emoluments and fees (gross of capitalisation)	482,042	764,000
	£	£
Remuneration of the highest paid director (gross of capitalisation):
Emoluments and fees	320,000	320,000
Payment in lieu of retirement benefits	30,000	30,000
Bonus	-	264,000
Share based payments	-	-

Refer to Directors Remuneration Report for further information in respect of Directors' remuneration.

9.  Finance Cost

	2023	2022
	£	£
Interest Expense	251,641	140,209

10.     Income Tax

	2023	2022
	£	£
Loss on ordinary activities before tax	(2,357,910)	(1,971,757)
Loss on ordinary activities multiplied by weighted average tax rate	(459,792)	(384,429)
Minimum tax in Madagascar	9,775	5,946
Tax on disallowed items	47,812	157,164
Tax losses carried forward (deferred tax not recognised)	411,981	173,048
Net tax (credit) / charge	9,775	(48,271)

Current tax charge	9,775	5,946
Deferred tax (credit)/charge	-	(54,217)
Net tax (credit)/ charge	9,775	(48,271)

The Group has tax losses available to be carried forward and used against trading profits arising in future periods of £6,430,959 (2022: £4,371,054). A deferred tax asset of £1,286,192(2022: £837,841) calculated at a weighted average rate of 20% has not been recognised in respect of the tax losses carried forward on the basis that there is insufficient certainty over the level of future profits to utilise against this amount.

From 1 April 2023 the corporation tax rate increased to 25% for companies with profits of 
over £250,000. A small profits rate has also been introduced for companies with profits of 
£50,000 or less so that they will continue to pay corporation tax at 19%. From this date 
companies with profits between £50,000 and £250,000 will pay tax at the main rate 
reduced by a marginal relief providing a gradual increase in the effective corporation tax 
rate.

 The Company is loss-making at present and an assessment of the impact of the change in 
future tax rates is not possible at this stage.

11.     Earnings Per Share

Basic and diluted

Earnings per share is calculated by dividing the loss attributable to the equity holders of the Company by the weighted average number of Ordinary shares in issue during the period.

	2023	2022
Continuing operations:
Loss attributable to equity holders of the Company (£)	(2,367,685)	(1,923,486)
Weighted average number of ordinary shares in issue	91,466,033	85,876,108
Loss per share (pence)	(2.59)	(2.24)

The Dilutive instruments like warrants & CLNs issued by the company are resulting in anti-dilutive effect on EPS. Hence diluted EPS is shown as equal to basic EPS following IFRS requirements.

12.     Intangible Assets

Group
Cost		£
At 1 April 2021		3,682,354
Additions		-
Forex Change		(111,158)
At 1 April 2022		3,571,196
Impairment		-
Forex Change		27,869
At 31 March 2023		3,599,065

Accumulated amortisation
At 1 April 2021		-
Charge for the year		-
At 1 April 2022		-
Charge for the year		-
At 31 March 2023		-
Net book value
At 1 April 2021		3,682,354
At 1 April 2022		3,571,196
At 31 March 2023		3,599,065

Intangible assets comprise of excess of purchase consideration paid in the acquisition of subsidiaries.

The projects in Madagascar have a current JORC compliant mineral ore resource of 25.1 million tonnes which contains c.4% average grade of graphite content. Further exploration across the two projects is ongoing. The company has drilling resources to be explored and believes that an economic target will be achieved in future years hence impairment is not recognised. The Directors undertook an assessment of the following areas and circumstances that could indicate the existence of impairment:

●       The Group's right to explore in an area has expired, or will expire in the near future without renewal;

●       No further exploration or evaluation is planned or budgeted for;

●       A decision has been taken by the Board to discontinue exploration and evaluation in an area due to the absence of a commercial level of reserves; or

●       Sufficient data exists to indicate that the book value will not be fully recovered from future development and production.

Following their assessment, the Directors concluded that no impairment charge was required at 31 March 2023.

13.     Investments

Company		Shares in group undertaking
Cost		£
At 1 April 2021		3,539,448
Addition		361,575
At 1 April 2022		3,901,023
Addition		20,325
At 31 March 2023		3,921,348
Net book value
At 1 April 2021		3,539,448
At 1 April 2022		3,901,023
At 31 March 2023		3,921,348

The Company's investments at the Statement of Financial Position date in the share capital of companies include the following:

Subsidiaries

Tirupati Madagascar Ventures
Registered: Lot II N 95  SB BIS E, Ambatobe, Antananarivo 103, Madagascar
Nature of business:  Graphite mining extraction
	%
Class of share	Holding
Ordinary shares	98*

*Tirupati Resources Mauritius was liquidated on 28^th May 2021 and the shares have been transferred to Tirupati Graphite Plc. Balance 1% each is held by Mr. Shishir & Mr. Hemant respectively on behalf of the company.

Establissements Rostaing
Registered: Lot II N 95  SB BIS E, Ambatobe, Antananarivo 103, Madagascar
Nature of business:  Graphite mining extraction
	%
Class of share	Holding
Ordinary shares	95*

* Tirupati Resources Mauritius was liquidated on 28^th May 2021 and the shares are transferred to Tirupati Graphite Plc. Balance 5% is held by Mr. Shishir on behalf of the Company

14.     Property, Plant and Equipment

Group	Plant and Machinery	Infrastructure & Fixtures*	Assets under construction	Total
	£	£	£	£
Cost
At 1 April 2021	1,985,574	411,795	1,119,742	3,517,111
Additions	3,305,123	1,593,029	-	4,898,152
Reclassification	487,713	-	(487,713)	-
At 1 April 2022	5,778,410	2,004,824	632,029	8,415,263
Additions	2,758,118	422,381	1,894,605	5,075,104
Reclassification	-	2,300,000	(2,300,000)	-
At 31 March 2023	8,536,528	4,727,205	226,634	13,490,367
At 1 April 2021	401,254	92,809	-	494,063
Depreciation	482,641	82,438	-	565,079
At 1 April 2022	883,895	175,247	-	1,059,142
Depreciation	990,125	242,663	-	1,232,788
At 31 March 2023	1,874,020	417,910	-	2,291,930
Carrying amount
As at 1 April 2022	4,894,515	1,829,577	632,029	7,356,121
As at 31 March 2023	6,662,508	4,309,295	226,634	11,198,437
Company			Assets under construction £	Total £
Cost			£	£
At 1 April 2021			204,631	204,631
Transfer to Subsidiary			(204,631)	(204,631)
At 1 April 2022			-	-
Additions
At 31 March 2023			-	-
At 1 April 2021			-	-
Depreciation			-	-
At 1 April 2022			-	-
Depreciation			-	-
At 31 March 2023			-	-
Carrying amount
As at 1 April 2022			-	-
As at 31 March 2023			-	-

Note: Infrastructure & fixtures includes mine development assets 2023: £1,492,474 (2022: £737,396) and right of use assets 2023: £ 58,599 (2022: £51,998)

15. Trade and Other Receivables

	Group		Company
	2023	2022	2023	2022
	£	£	£	£
Trade receivables	710,600	532,370	710,600	532,370
Advance for Capex	287,039	2,592,163	287,039	2,592,163
VAT Refunds	1,058,832	942,458	7,451	12,274
Other debtors	50,209	106,423	-	2,898
Prepayments	16,424	69,220	16,424	99,221
Amounts owed by group undertakings	-	-	17,559,350	10,619,721
Advance for Acquisitions*	2,632,525	-	2,632,525	-
	4,755,629	4,242,634	21,213,389	13,858,647

*Note: Amounts advanced to Battery Minerals Limited in terms of agreements entered into for securing placement of bank guarantee and payment of capital gains tax so as to facilitate the approval for completing the acquisition.

Trade receivables are amounts due from customers for goods sold in the ordinary course of business. They are generally due for settlement within 30-60 days and therefore are all classified as current. Trade receivables are recognised initially at the amount of consideration that is unconditional. The Group holds the trade receivables with the objective to collect the contractual cash flows and therefore measures them subsequently at amortised cost using the effective interest method. All sales of the company are in USD.

The Group applies the IFRS 9 simplified approach to measuring expected credit losses which uses a lifetime expected loss allowance for all trade receivables. To measure the expected credit losses, trade receivables have been grouped based on the days past due.

At 31 March 2023	Current	More than 30 days	More than 60 Days	More than 90 days	Total
	£	£	£	£	£
Expected loss rate	0%	0%	0%	80%	0%
Gross trade receivables	710,600	-	-	-	-
Loss allowance	-	-	-	-	-

At 31 March 2022	Current	More than 30 days	More than 60 Days	More than 90 days	Total
	£	£	£	£	£
Expected loss rate	0%	0%	0%	80%	0%
Gross trade receivables	532,370	-	-	-	-
Loss allowance	-	-	-	-	-

Trade receivables are provided for when there is no reasonable expectation of recovery. Indicators that there is no reasonable expectation of recovery include, amongst others, the failure of a debtor to engage in a repayment plan with the Group, and a failure to make contractual payments for a period of greater than 120 days past due. There are no significant known risks, and therefore no provision is made as at 31 March 2022 & 31 March 2023.

16. Inventories

	Group
	2023	2022
Cost and net book value	£	£
Raw materials and consumables	457,997	563,923
Finished and semi-finished goods	928,561	168,351
	1,386,558	732,274

17. Trade and Other Payables

Current:

	Group		Company
	2023	2022	2023	2022
	£	£	£	£
Trade payables	1,084,991	548,906	243,500	188,534
Social security and other taxes	48,913	18,817	-	-
Amounts due from group	-	-	-	-
Accruals	550,994	163,146	491,940	126,673
	1,684,808	730,869	735,440	315,207

In the Directors' opinion, the carrying amount of payable is considered a reasonable approximation of fair value.

Non-current:

	Group		Company
	2023	2022	2023	2022
	£	£	£	£
Lease liability	31,080	31,232	-	-
	31,080	31,232	-	-

The Company has taken land on lease for Vatomina project for 18 years hence, there is no current maturity.

Lease liability is recognized in accordance with requirements of IFRS 16. It requires a lessee to recognise assets and liabilities for all leases with a term of more than 12 months, unless the underlying asset is of low value. A lessee is required to recognise a right-of-use asset representing its right to use the underlying leased asset and a lease liability representing its obligation to make lease payments.

Additional disclosure as per IFRS 16 is as follows:

	Group
	2023	2022
	£	£
Addition in lease liability & ROU asset	6,601	21,521
Interest charged during the year	3334	6,590
Amortization of Right to use asset (Incl. in Infrastructure & fixtures)	2,643	1,955

18. Provisions and Commitments

No provisions have existed within the financial year or persist at year end. As regard the Company's capital commitments, the ongoing development at its projects are substantially completed and further developments will be made post further funding arrangements. The acquisition of Suni Resources are commitments to be satisfied in equity consideration.

19. Borrowings

The Company has issued two series 2019CLN's and 2022CLN's both carrying coupon of 12% payable half yearly and convertible at the holders' option at issue price as defined in the underlying instrument, key terms thereof being as below:

Term	CLN2019	CLN2022
Coupon	12% payable half yearly	12% payable half yearly
Maturity	3 years from issue date (verbally agreed to extend the maturity date to 31st December 2024 post yearend)	3 years from date of issue
Conversion	At the holders' option	At the holders' option
Conversion Price	£0.45 per ordinary share being the IPO fund raise price per ordinary share	£0.60 for year 1 £0.75 for year 2 £0.90 for year 3

During FY23 the Company received conversion notice for £100,000 under the 2019CLN's which were converted into equity. The Company raised gross proceeds of £1,862,500 under the 2022CLN with transaction cost incurred of £93,125 being incurred. The tables below summarise the balances on the closing date and changes during the year. Optiva Securities Ltd is eligible to receive 5% warrants of subscribed CLN2022 at issue price of 90p.

	2023	2022
Within one year	909,000	536,000
Between 2 and 5 years	1,862,500	473,000
	2,771,500	1,009,000

Following table denotes changes in borrowings:

	2023	2022
Opening Balance as on 1st April	1,009,000	1,283,000
Issued during the year	1,862,500	-
Redeemed/Converted during the year	(100,000)	(274,000)
Closing Balance as on 31st March	2,771,500	1,009,000

The loan notes shall be redeemed by the Company, at any time after the first anniversary of an Initial Public Offering up to the Maturity Date or by the Noteholder or the Company, on the Maturity Date being 3 years from date of issue.

Conversion can be made 15 Business Days after the date of completion of a successful Initial Public Offering to convert all of the Notes outstanding into fully paid Ordinary Shares at a price equal to the price per Share paid by investors participating in the Initial Public Offering.

20. Share Capital

	2023	2023	2022	2022
	Number	£	Number	£
Allotted, called up and fully paid
Ordinary shares of 2.5p each	1,01,447,768	2,536,195	86,939,832	2,173,497

Shares were issued during the year as follows:

	Cost of issue (£)	Number of shares issued
Shares issued on conversion of CLNs on 03 Oct 2022	-	222,222
Shares issued from a placing on 05 Dec 2022	250,000	14,285,714
	250,000	14,507,936

Note: The cost of issue of £ 250,000 was settled against consideration of equity raised and it is debited to the share premium account. Optiva Securities Ltd is eligible to receive 5% warrants to subscribe at issue price of 35p per warrant for the transaction.

21. Share based Payments & Warrant Reserve

During the first two years after incorporation of the Company, with the consent of its Board and senior management team, the Company adopted a minimal approach to incentives and provided no bonuses to the executive management team or the Board. However, to show the appreciation of the Company, the Board was provided with an annual incentive package in the form of warrants to subscribe for equity shares of the Company at a premium to the prices at which Ordinary Shares have been subscribed when the Company raised equity in the relevant period. The Company has also provided broker warrants to Optiva, on a success basis, for the fundraising activities executed by it prior to Admission.

All warrants are equity-settled, in accordance with IFRS 2, by award of warrants to acquire ordinary shares or award of ordinary shares. The fair value of these awards has been calculated at the date of grant of the award. The fair value of the warrants granted was calculated using a Black-Scholes model. Changes in the assumptions can affect the fair value estimate of a Black-Scholes model.

Following are the key assumptions used to estimate the fair value of the warrants issued:

a)     Expected Volatility: 20%

b)    Contractual Life of the warrant: 3 years

c)     Risk free interest rate: 0.38% p.a.

Following warrants over ordinary shares have been granted by the Company and are outstanding as on 31 March 2023:

Grant Date	Expiry Date	Exercise Price (£)	Number of warrants exercisable and outstanding
31 December 2017	31 December 2025	0.300	1,000,000
31 December 2018	31 December 2025	0.400	1,520,000
31 March 2019	31 March 2025	0.400	320,000
31 December 2019	31 December 2025	0.400	1,620,000
31 March 2020	31 March 2025	0.400	480,000
15 June 2020	15 June 2023	0.675	222,222
15 June 2020	15 June 2023	0.900	222,222
30 June 2020	30 June 2023	0.675	22,800
14 December 2020	14 December 2023	0.450	170,329
14 December 2020	14 December 2023	0.675	113,553
20 April 2021	20 April 2024	1.350	222,222
Total			5,913,348

The Company extended the expiry date of 4,940,000 warrants from 2022 to 2025 issued to Directors. This amounts to modification of terms of warrant under IFRS 2 - Share Based Payments, the impact of such modification is not material and therefore management has not accounted for such modification.

Optiva Securities Limited is eligible for issue of following share warrants during the year, but these have not yet issued:

Eligibility Date	Expiry Date	Exercise Price (£)	Eligible number of warrants
05 December 2022	05 December 2025	0.350	714,285
08 August 2022	08 August 2025	0.900	103,472
Total			817,757

The Company has not accounted for the warrants granted as they have not been formally issued and the cost of such warrant is not material.

Following table denotes changes warrants outstanding:

	2023	2022
Opening Balance as on 1st April	6,630,491	6,784,778
Issued during the year	-	222,222
Exercised during the year	-	(376,509)
Expired during the year	(717,143)	-
Closing Balance as on 31st March	5,913,348	6,630,491

In FY23, 640,000 warrants issued to management executives and 77,143 to brokers have expired.

Warrants issued to	Number of warrants outstanding	Warrant reserve £
Brokers	528,904	16,138
Members of the Board & executive management	4,940,000	54,566
CLN Investors	444,444	45,361
Total	5,913,348	116,065

During the year, total of 640,000 warrants issued to management executives and 77,143 to brokers have expired for which £14,173 is reversed back to retained earnings account and £319 is reversed back to Share premium account respectively.

22. Financial Instruments

Financial risk management

The Group has exposure to the following risks from its use of financial instruments:

●     Capital risk management

●     Market risk

●     Credit risk

●     Liquidity risk

●     Currency risk

This note presents information about the Group's exposure to each of the above risks, the Group's management of capital, and the Group's objectives, policies and procedures for measuring and managing risk.

The Board of Directors has overall responsibility for the establishment and oversight of the Group's risk management framework.

The Group's risk management policies are established to identify and analyse the risks faced by the Group, to set appropriate risk limits and controls, and to monitor risks and adherence to limits. Risk management policies and systems are reviewed regularly to reflect changes in market conditions and the Group's activities.

The Group Audit Committee oversees how management monitors compliance with the Group's risk management policies and procedures and reviews the adequacy of the risk management framework in relation to the risks faced by the Group.

Capital Risk Management

The Group manages its capital to ensure that entities in the Group will be able to continue as a going concern while maximising the return to stakeholders as well as sustaining the future development of the business. In order to maintain or adjust the capital structure, the Group may adjust dividends paid to shareholders, return capital to shareholders, issue new shares or sell assets to reduce debt.

The capital structure of the Group consists of net debt, which includes loans, cash and cash equivalents, and equity attributable to equity holders of the company, comprising issued capital and retained earnings.

Fair value of financial assets and liabilities for the group

	Valuation,	Book value	Fair value	Book value	Fair value
	Methodology	2023	2023	2022	2022
	and hierarchy	£	£	£	£
Financial assets
Cash and cash equivalents	(a)	289,338	289,338	1,534,023	1,534,023
Loans and receivables, net of impairment	(a)	4,755,629	4,755,629	4,242,635	4,242,635
Total at amortised cost		5,044,967	5,044,967	5,776,658	5,776,658
Financial liabilities
Trade and other payables	(a)	1,684,808	1,684,808	730,869	730,869
Borrowings and provisions	(a)	2,771,500	2,771,500	1,009,000	1,009,000
Lease Liabilities	(a)	31,080	31,080	31,232	31,232
Total at amortised cost		4,487,388	4,487,388	1,771,101	1,771,101

Fair value of financial assets and liabilities for the company

	Valuation,	Book value	Fair value	Book value	Fair value
	Methodology	2023	2023	2022	2022
	and hierarchy	£	£	£	£
Financial assets
Cash and cash equivalents	(a)	130,340	130,340	1,505,410	1,505,410
Loans and receivables, net of impairment	(a)	21,213,389	21,213,389	13,858,647	13,858,647
Total at amortised cost		21,343,729	21,343,729	15,364,057	15,364,057
Financial liabilities
Trade and other payables	(a)	735,440	735,440	315,207	315,207
Borrowings and provisions	(a)	2,771,500	2,771,500	1,009,000	1,009,000
Total at amortised cost		3,506,940	3,506,940	1,324,207	1,324,207

Valuation, methodology and hierarchy

(a)  The carrying amounts of cash and cash equivalents, trade and other receivables, trade and other payables and deferred income, and Borrowings are all stated at book value. All have the same fair value due to their short-term nature.

Market risk

Market price risk arises from uncertainty about the future valuations of financial instruments held in accordance with the Group's investment objectives.  These future valuations are determined by many factors but include the operational and financial performance of the underlying investee companies, as well as market perceptions of the future of the economy and its impact upon the economic environment in which these companies operate. 

Credit risk

Credit risk is the risk that counterparties to financial instruments do not perform their obligations according to the terms of the contract or instrument. The Group is exposed to counterparty credit risk when dealing with its customers and certain financing activities.

The immediate credit exposure of financial instruments is represented by those financial instruments that have a net positive fair value by counterparty at 31 March 2023.

The Group considers its maximum exposure to be:

	2023	2022
	£	£
Financial assets
Cash and cash equivalents	289,338	1,534,023
Loans and receivables, net of impairment	4,755,629	4,242,635
	5,044,967	5,776,658

The company considers its maximum exposure to be:

	2023	2022
	£	£
Financial assets
Cash and cash equivalents	130,340	1,505,410
Loans and receivables, net of impairment	21,213,389	13,858,647
	21,343,729	15,364,057

All cash balances are held with an investment grade bank who is our principal banker. Although the Group has seen no direct evidence of changes to the credit risk of its counterparties, the current focus on financial liquidity in all markets has introduced increased financial volatility. The Group continues to monitor the changes to its counterparties' credit risk.

Liquidity risk

Liquidity risk is the risk the Group will encounter difficulty in meeting its obligations associated with financial liabilities as they fall due. The Board are jointly responsible for monitoring and managing liquidity and ensures that the Group has sufficient liquid resources to meet unforeseen and abnormal requirements. The current forecast suggests that the Group has sufficient liquid resources.

Available liquid resources and cash requirements are monitored using detailed cash flow and profit forecasts these are reviewed at least quarterly, or more often as required. The Directors decision to prepare these accounts on a going concern basis is based on assumptions which are discussed in the going concern note above.

The following are the contractual maturities of financial liabilities for the group:

	Carrying	Contractual	6 months	6 to 12	1 to 2	2 to 5
31 March 2023	amount	cash flows	or less	months	years	years
	£	£	£	£	£	£
Non-derivative financial liabilities
Trade and other payables	1,684,808	-	1,684,808
Borrowings	2,771,500	-	909,000	-	-	1,862,500
Lease Liability	31,080	-	-	-	-	-
31 March 2022
Non-derivative financial liabilities
Trade and other payables	730,869	-	730,869	-	-	-
Borrowings	1,009,000	-	116,000	420,000	473,000	-
Lease Liability	31,232	-	-	-	-	-

The following are the contractual maturities of financial liabilities for the company:

	Carrying	Contractual	6 months	6 to 12	1 to 2	2 to 5
31 March 2023	amount	cash flows	or less	months	years	years
	£	£	£	£	£	£
Non-derivative financial liabilities
Trade and other payables	735,440	-	735,440
Borrowings	2,771,500	-	909,000	-	-	1,862,500
31 March 2022
Non-derivative financial liabilities
Trade and other payables	315,207	-	315,207	-	-	-
Borrowings	1,009,000	-	116,000	420,000	473,000	-

Cash flow management

The Group produces an annual budget which it updates quarterly with actual results and forecasts for future periods for profit and loss, financial position and cash flows. The Group uses these forecasts to report against and monitor its cash position. If the Group becomes aware of a situation in which it would exceed its current available liquid resources, it would apply mitigating actions involving reduction of its cost base. The Group would also employ working capital management techniques to manage the cash flow in periods of peak usage. 

Currency risk

The Group operates internationally and is exposed to foreign exchange risk. Foreign exchange risk arises from future commercial transactions and recognised assets and liabilities denominated in a currency that is not the functional currency of the relevant Group entity. The Group's primary currency exposure is to US Dollar, which is the currency of all intra-group transactions as well as denomination of selling price of the products. The group also has some exposure to Malagasy ariary due to its operating subsidiaries in Madagascar.

Considering the natural hedge available the Group currently doesn't hedge the currency risk. The Group's and Company's exposure to foreign currency risk at the end of the reporting period is summarised below. All amounts are presented in GBP equivalent.

Group	USD 2023	MGA 2023	USD 2022	MGA 2022
	£	£	£	£
Cash and cash equivalents	66,652	158,386	19,405	18,550
Trade & other receivables	997,639	1,101,590	3,127,431	1,003,709
Trade & other payables	(243,500)	(949,368)	(188,534)	(415,662)
Net Exposure	820,791	310,608	2,958,302	606,597

Company	USD 2023	USD 2022
	£	£
Cash and cash equivalents	66,040	9,342
Loans to subsidiaries	15,153,109	9,797,683
Trade & other receivables	6,060,281	3,949,469
Trade & other payables	(578,315)	(224,937)
Net Exposure	20,701,115	13,531,557

Sensitivity Analysis

As shown in the table above, the Group is primarily exposed to changes in the GBP:USD & GBP:MGA exchange rates. The table below shows the impact in GBP on pre-tax profit and loss of a 10% increase/ decrease in the GBP to USD exchange rate, holding all other variables constant. Also shown is the impact of a 10% increase/decrease in the GBP to MGA exchange rate, being the other primary currency exposure.

2023	Group	Company
	£	£
GBP:USD exchange rate increases by 10%	82,079	2,070,112
GBP:USD exchange rate decreases by 10%	(82,079)	(2,070,112)

GBP:MGA exchange rate increases by 10%	31,068	-
GBP:MGA exchange rate decreases by 10%	(31,068)	-

2022	Group	Company
	£	£
GBP:USD exchange rate increases by 10%	295,830	1,353,156
GBP:USD exchange rate decreases by 10%	(295,830)	(1,353,156)

GBP:MGA exchange rate increases by 10%	60,660	-
GBP:MGA exchange rate decreases by 10%	(60,660)	-

23. Related Party Transactions

PranaGraf Materials and Technologies Private Limited (Formerly known as Tirupati Speciality Graphite Private Limited) is an entity incorporated in India. The Company is connected to TSG in that both Shishir Poddar and Hemant Poddar were directors and shareholders of TSG during the year. At year end, a net amount £333,253 (2022 - £1,567,693) was receivable towards sale of goods with none overdue. Revenue earned during the year amounted to £895,808 (2022 - £287,247), the Company purchased capital goods and consumables of £1,764,805 (2022: £1,484,087), and incurred service fees of £290,287 (2022: £235,795) towards back office services received. Reimbursement of expenses of £204,220 (2022: £143,334 ) towards travel and other expenses for the executives of the Company was made during the year.

Haritmay Ventures LLP (HV) is an entity incorporated in India and engaged in manufacturing proprietary tailor-made flake graphite processing machinery and equipment which the Company uses in its projects. The Company is connected to HV in that Shishir Poddar is partner and shareholder of HV during the year. At year end, a net amount of £287,039 (2022: £230,624) was receivable being advance paid for long lead machinery purchase and the Company purchased proprietary graphite processing machinery and spares of £861,368 (2022: £1,132,398) during the year.

Optiva Securities Limited is an entity incorporated in the United Kingdom. The Company is a stock brokerage firm connected to the Company being the sole broker of the Company and Christian Gabriel St.John-Dennis was one of the directors of the Company and holding a position with Optiva Securities Limited during the year. At year end, the Company incurred brokerage and consultancy fees, business development fees of £343,125 (2022 : £440,000) and brokerage and consultancy fees prepaid of £ Nil (2022: £6,250)

24. Deferred Tax Assets

	2023	2022
Brought forward DTA	75,242	21,182
Created/(reversed) during the year	-	54,217
Forex	(1,196)	(157)
Carried forward DTA	74,076	75,242

25. Events after the Reporting Period 

Acquisition of Suni Resources

On 1 April 2023 the Company completed the acquisition of Suni Resources SA a private Company incorporated in Mozambique, which holds two advanced stage graphite projects being:

(i) the Montepuez Project which holds the mining licence over an area of 3,667 hectares with JORC 2012 defined reserves & resources of almost 120 million tons; plus

(ii) the Balama Central Project, which has a mining licence over 1,543 hectares with JORC 2012 defined mineral reserves and resources of 33 million tonnes. Both projects have licences permitting build out to an annual production of 100,000 and c.58,000 tons of flake graphite respectively.

 Under the terms of the SPA and IP Assignment as varied, the total aggregate consideration for the Acquisition is satisfied as follows:

·   The issue of 10,046,556 TG ordinary shares of £0.025 each to BAT covering a sum of AUD$9,750,000 (c.£5,284,500) at an issue price of £0.526 per ordinary share in two equal tranches as follows:

o  5,023,278 TG ordinary shares of £0.025 each issued at Completion (the "Tranche 1 Consideration Shares"); and

o  5,023,278 TG ordinary shares of £0.025 each to be issued on the eight month anniversary of Completion (the "Tranche 2 Consideration Shares"). 

·    Payment of a sum of AUD$5,428.14 in cash at Completion pursuant to the SPA.

·    The payment of a sum AUD$500,000 (c.£0.27 million) in cash paid by the Company to BAT on 25 January 2023 pursuant to the IP Assignment.

·   The issue of 2,018,944 ordinary shares of £0.025 each to BAT at Completion covering a sum of AUD$994,571.86 (£539,058) at an issue price of £0.267 per ordinary (the "IP Consideration Shares").

·     Payment of a sum of AUD$2,375,000 (c.£1,260,150) that has been made pursuant to the variations of the SPA to facilitate the payment of Capital Gains Tax by BAT in connection with the disposal of Suni in consideration for which Suni agreed:

o  to a AUD$1,250,000 (c.£677,500) reduction in the value of Consideration Shares to be issued as consideration under the SPA from AUD$11,000,000 (c.£5,962,000) to AUD$9,750,000 (c.£5,284,500);

o  to the Company retaining the right to the VAT Refunds due to Suni for historical spends by BAT and amounting to c.AUD$ 1.5 million (c.£810,000).

The Acquisition includes the entire equity capital of Suni (with 7,256 out of 241,868,268 of Suni shares in issue held by the Executive Chairman of the Company as nominee on behalf of the Company to satisfy local Mozambique requirements), shareholder debt advanced by Battery Minerals Limited to Suni Resources S.A. and the Battery Technical Information. Details of the assets acquired are set out below:

·  Mining license over an area of 3,666.88 hectares for the Montepuez Project vested with a JORC 2012 mineral reserves and resources totalling 119.60 million tons with license to build the project to 100,000 tons flake graphite production per annum in 2 stages of 50,000 tons each.

·  All infrastructure and assets on the ground at the construction initiated Montepuez Project including, but not limited to, (i) 100 persons base camp facilities, (ii) the developed construction site for setting up the proposed processing facilities (iii) the well-constructed tailing dam, and (iv) a mobile crusher unit with capacity sufficient for the first 50,000 tons plant as per the Montepuez Graphite Implementation Project document.

·    Mining license over an area of 1543.08 hectares for the Balama Central Project vested with a JORC 2012 mineral reserves and resources totalling 32.9 million tons and license to build the project to 58,000 tons flake graphite production per annum.

·   Fixed deposits with NED Bank pledged for the issue of Bank Guarantee in connection with the Projects amounting to >c.£2 million including cash remitted to Suni by the Company through BAT amounting c.£970,000 to cover the bank guarantee issued for the Balama Central Project.

·      All historical technical information on the projects.

·      Rights to the VAT Refunds.

The amount advanced by the company to BAT prior to 31^st March 2023 included £970,000 now lying as fixed deposit with NED Bank thus now being an asset of the company against which bank guarantee has been issued by NED bank towards the Balma Central mining license.

Extension of maturity of 2019CLN's

The Company has in issue 900,900 2019CLN's in issue as at 31 March 2023. The maturity of these were pegged at third anniversary from the date of issue and conversion price pegged at £0.45 per ordinary share. The Company engaged with its Brokers Optiva Securities Limited to agree to extending the maturity of the 2019CLN's up to 31 December 2024 so that the Company conserves its resources for its business being in formative stage and so that the investors retain the opportunity to convert for a further period. Optiva has confirmed that it has received consent from all holders of the 2019CLN's for the extension and the Company has agreed to pay a fee of 2% to Optiva for the arrangements. Accordingly, the maturity of 2019CLN's is now considered extended to 31 December 2024.

ENDS

For further information, please visit https://www.tirupatigraphite.co.uk/ or contact:

Tirupati Graphite Plc Puruvi Poddar - Chief of Corporate & Business Development	[e-mail] [phone]
Optiva Securities Limited (Broker) Ben Maitland - Corporate Finance Robert Emmet - Corporate Broking	[phone] [phone]
FTI Consulting (Financial PR) Ben Brewerton / Nick Hennis / Lucy Wigney	[phone] [e-mail]

About Tirupati Graphite

Tirupati Graphite Plc is a specialist flake graphite company and places a special emphasis on "green" applications of flake graphite, including renewable energy, energy efficiency, energy storage and thermal management and is committed to ensuring its operations are sustainable as well.

The Company's operations include primary mining and processing in Madagascar, where the Company operates two key projects, Sahamamy and Vatomina. With the start of commercial production of its latest 18,000 tpa plant at Sahamamy in March 2023, it now has an installed capacity of 30,000 tpa high-quality flake graphite concentrate with up to 97% purity in Madagascar, planned to increase to 84,000 tpa as per the Company's modular medium-term development plan.

On 3rd April 2023 the Company completed the acquisition of Suni Resources SA, Mozambique, whose two main assets are (i) the Montepuez Project which holds the mining licence over an area of 3,667 hectares with JORC 2012 defined reserves & resources of almost 120 million tonnes; plus (ii) the Balama Central Project, which has a mining license over 1,543 hectares with JORC 2012 defined mineral reserves and resources of 33 million tonnes. Both projects have licenses permitting build out to an annual production of 100,000 and 58,000 tons of flake graphite respectively.

TG believes that the addition of these projects provides the Company with sufficient resources to achieve its ambition of satisfying 8% of the estimated global flake graphite demand - of around 5 million tons per annum - by 2030.

 

END