Half yearly results
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R.E.A. Holdings plc (RE.)
R.E.A. HOLDINGS PLC (the "company")  HALF YEARLY REPORT 2019  Despite continuing good production, the financial results for the six months to 30 June 2019 were severely depressed by weak CPO and CPKO prices. With FFB production for the full year expected to be at record levels for the second year running, recent cost reduction initiatives and CPO prices rising as surplus stocks are absorbed globally, results for the second half of 2019 should show a material improvement.   HIGHLIGHTS  Financial Â
 Agricultural operations Â
 Coal operations Â
 Outlook Â
 SUMMARY OF RESULTS FOR THE SIX MONTHS ENDED 30 JUNE 2019 Â
  INTERIM MANAGEMENT REPORT  Results  Key components of the income statement for the six months to 30 June 2019, with comparative figures for 2018, were as follows: Â
 The six month period to 30 June 2019 was a particularly challenging period for the group. Poor CPO and CPKO prices meant that revenues were some $15.9 million lower than they would have been had prices been at the same levels (themselves depressed) as in the corresponding period of 2018. In addition, strengthening of the Indonesian rupiah against the dollar resulted in a $16.0 million negative swing in the effect of foreign exchange on the income statement (made up of a loss of $4.9 million in the period to 30 June 2019 against a proï¬t of $11.1 million in the comparative period).  As discussed below, the directors expect that the ï¬rst six months of 2019 will represent the nadir of the group's fortunes. Crops are usually weighted to the second half of each year so that, other things being equal, results for the full year should reflect the beneï¬t of better revenues in the second half without proportionately additional costs. Moreover, revenues going forward will be helped by recent increases in CPO and CPKO prices, while cost reduction initiatives are already having a positive impact and will result in material savings from 2020 onwards.  Earnings before interest, depreciation, amortisation and tax amounted to a loss of $0.1 million for the six months to 30 June 2019 (2018: profit of $10.9 million).  Specific components of the results  Cost of sales for the six months to 30 June 2019, with comparative figures for 2018, was made up as follows: Â
 Whilst cost of sales at $63.2 million showed a substantial increase on the preceding year ($42.8 million), the major part of the increase was accounted for by changes in stock levels. These reflected the build up of stocks that occurred during 2018 (the result of logistical problems in transferring stocks from the estates downriver to Samarinda and Balikpapan) followed by a reduction in stocks to more normal levels during the early months of 2019. When increases in volumes are taken into account, actual operating costs were in line with those of the comparative period.  Purchases of third party FFB increased by some 18 per cent, but the see-through effect of lower CPO and CPKO prices on FFB pricing meant that the overall cost of external FFB at $8.2 million was lower than the $8.9 million incurred in the comparative period.  Administrative expenses charged in the income statement amounted to $8.4 million against the $6.8 million charged in 2018. Substantially all of the increase reflected a lower rate of capitalisation, PBJ having been disposed of in the prior period. Before capitalisation, administrative expenses amounted to $9.6 million against $9.5 million in the comparative period.  As noted above, strengthening of the Indonesian rupiah against the dollar in the six months to 30 June 2019 resulted in mark to market losses on rupiah balances of $4.9 million against a gain in the comparative period of $11.1 million. These and other exchange differences (principally arising from movement in sterling against the dollar) have been reported within ï¬nance costs. Other ï¬nance costs, comprising interest and other ï¬nance charges, amounted, before capitalisation, to $11.2 million for the period to 30 June 2019, slightly lower than the $11.8 reported in 2018.  The tax credit of $5.0 million (2018: charge of $2.0 million) has been stated after providing $0.4 million (2018: $0.9 million) against deferred tax credits previously recorded against losses which may not now be capable of use prior to time expiry.  Dividends  It was announced on 5 June 2019, that the directors had concluded that the half yearly payment of dividend on the group's preference shares that was due on 30 June 2019 should be deferred pending an improvement in CPO prices. Since then, prices have improved and, as noted under "Results" above, this improvement, combined with the beneï¬t of the normal weighting of crops to the second half of the year, should mean that results for the six months to June 2019 are not representative of the likely outturn for 2019 as a whole. However, the directors are conscious of the fact that very substantial losses were incurred in the ï¬rst half of the year and, for that reason, now expect that, not only will the 30 June dividend have to continue to be deferred, but that it will also be necessary to defer payment of the dividend falling due on 31 December 2019.  The directors recognise the importance of dividends to holders of preference shares. Once it has become clear that the recovery in CPO prices will continue and can reasonably be expected to be sustained, the directors plan to submit proposals to preference shareholders to deal with the arrears of preference dividend and to resume payment of cash dividends.  In view of the ï¬nancial performance of the group in 2019 to date, the directors do not intend to declare or recommend the payment of any ordinary dividends in respect of 2019.  Agricultural operations  The key agricultural statistics were as follows: Â
 * 2018 crops and production include PBJ (FFB crop 4,146 tonnes; FFB sold 3,045 tonnes) which was disposed of on 31 August 2018.  With greater consistency in field disciplines and supervision, the production recovery seen in 2018 continued into the first half of 2019. Some harvesting days were lost during the festive holiday period in June, but production has subsequently picked up with FFB harvested in the eight months to August 2019 totalling 493,651 tonnes (2018: 494,932 tonnes, including 5,782 tonnes from PBJ which was disposed of on 31 August 2018). Bunch counts indicate good crop availability through to the end of 2019, but an industry wide decline in production as palms enter a resting phase following the bountiful cropping in 2018 means that the group's FFB production in 2019, albeit at record levels for the second consecutive year, may fall short of the original target of 900,000 tonnes.  Maintenance work in the mills led to a temporary reduction in CPKO production in the first half of 2019 with some palm kernels being sold uncrushed to third party processors. Full CPKO production capacity is being restored. Extraction rates are generally being maintained and targeted improvements are being achieved as major mill works are completed.  As noted under "Results" above, the positive impact of a good operational performance in the first half of 2019 was dampened by persistently low CPO prices. Having fallen by some 17 per cent in 2018 to reach a 10 year low of $439 per tonne, CIF Rotterdam, in November 2018, prices appeared to be on the road to recovery at the start of 2019. This recovery then stalled, with prices falling again to $501 per tonne at the end of June 2019 and continuing to a low for the year to date of $480 per tonne in mid July. The widely anticipated increase in the supply deficit then started to manifest itself in a much needed price recovery during August and the CPO price now stands at $570 per tonne.  CPKO prices have been more fickle, increasing from $770 per tonne, CIF Rotterdam, at the start of 2019 to reach a high of $818 per tonne in mid January before falling to a 12 year low of $529 per tonne in early June. The average premium over CPO was unusually low during the first half 2019, at less than $50 per tonne reflecting subdued demand generally and good availability of the competitor coconut oil. Prices are now a little stronger, currently standing at $625 per tonne.  The average selling price for the group's CPO for the six months to the end of June 2019, on an FOB basis at the port of Samarinda, net of export levy and duty, was $430 per tonne (2018: $549 per tonne). The average selling price for the group's CPKO, on the same basis, was $590 per tonne (2018: $977 per tonne).  Against this background, the group has been taking steps to conserve cash by limiting capital expenditure and reducing costs. Accordingly, capital expenditure in 2019 is directed almost entirely at maintaining immature plantings planted in earlier years and completing works to ensure resilience and availability of sufficient capacity in the group's mills. Resumption of planting of the group's undeveloped land bank remains on hold pending a sustained recovery in the CPO price and a stronger financial performance.  Measures initiated during the first half of 2019 to maximise efficiencies and reduce costs, without compromising operational performance, are continuing as planned. Such measures have been to an extent facilitated by the concentration of estate operations in one locality following the sale in 2018 of PBJ and by the lower staffing that deferral of the group's expansion programme permits. Various operational economies are being implemented, including the gradual reduction in the number of temporary workers employed for remedial upkeep as the work undertaken by these workers is progressively completed. The regional office in Singapore has been closed and administrative and support departments in Indonesia are also being slimmed down.  Coal and stone operations  As previously indicated, to the extent that any further capital is to be committed to its coal and stone interests, the group is giving priority to investment that will offer quicker returns with lower risk. To this end, the group's recent concentration has been on recovering amounts already invested by way of loans in the Kota Bangun coal concession company, PT Indo Pancadasa Agrotama ("IPA") which is owned by the group's local partners.  Good progress has been made and the company has been informed that IPA will be recommencing mining of the concession by appointing a contractor to, amongst others, provide mining services and to manage the port facility adjacent to the concession. To minimise the requirement for further funding, it has been agreed that the contractor will fund all further expenditure needed on infrastructure, land compensation and mobilisation in exchange for a participation in profits from the mine. The extent of the participation will be dependent upon prevailing coal prices but is expected to average 30 per cent.  It is hoped that the reopening of the port facility for evacuation of IPA's own coal production will encourage adjacent third party mining companies to utilise the port facility. This could provide useful revenues to IPA additional to its profits from mining.  The Indonesian government has recently announced plans to establish a new Indonesian Capital City on a site in East Kalimantan lying between Balikpapan and Samarinda. Whilst this will be a long term project, the civil works involved are likely to require large quantities of crushed stone. Although development of the andesite stone concession has been viewed by the group as a lower priority than development of the IPA concession, efforts have continued to seek interest from contractors in commencing quarrying operations on the concession. It is hoped that the prospect of much greater local demand for crushed stone will facilitate a successful conclusion to these efforts.  Sustainability  The RSPO annual surveillance audits for the group's two older mills, the bulking station and supply bases have again successfully concluded in 2019. In each case there was a signiï¬cant reduction in the number of issues raised at the commencement of the audit and subsequently addressed as compared with previous years.  Work to evaluate the outstanding High Conservation Value ("HCV") compensation liability in respect of a small area of some 20 hectares in the SYB northern estate has been completed. The results of the independent third-party analysis to assist in determining the ï¬nal compensation liability were submitted to the RSPO in May 2019. Feedback is now awaited.  There is a further RSPO review outstanding in respect of historic land clearing of an area in the SYB southern estate. The company submitted the results of its HCV analysis earlier in 2019 and, pending the outcome of the review, has excluded this estate from supplying the Perdana oil mill so that certiï¬cation of the mill can be retained.  The response from RSPO in respect of the compensation plan for CDM remains outstanding, although the group's proposal has been agreed in principle.  In April 2019, the group retained its certiï¬cation under the recently updated international standard for environmental management systems, ISO 14001:2015. This covers the mills and estates of REAK and SYB as well as the group's bulking station. Certiï¬cation is valid for three years.  Following 2018 surveys among smallholder oil palm farmers in the vicinity of the group's estate, the in-house team dealing with local communities is now focusing on methods to improve the productivity and fruit quality of these farmers. This includes further surveys to assess whether villagers would be interested in business development and diversiï¬cation, so that they can become more resilient and less dependent on oil palm cultivation. In addition, this exercise is designed to assess demands for produce by the villages, as well as by the company, its employees and families, and to establish how best these demands can be met, given the remote location.  The conservation department has now fully implemented its long-held plan to map the locations of endangered species, such as orangutans, within the group's estate boundaries, based on GPS records of individual animals photographed by camera traps set throughout the group's forested conservation reserves. During the ï¬rst half of 2019, the population of orangutans and other species were monitored by cameras at 111 sites in the conservation areas of the estates. Bird surveys and herpetology transect walks were also conducted throughout this period.  The bi-weekly updates from the Satelligence system that is being used to monitor the status of forest cover and land clearing activities within and around the group's estates is soon to be upgraded to an online platform that will be readily accessible by the group's conservation and survey department. This will facilitate rapid investigation of illegal activity that may be damaging to the environment.  Financing  At 30 June 2019, the group continued to be ï¬nanced by a combination of debt and equity (comprising ordinary and preference share capital). There was a decrease in total equity including non-controlling interests to $236.8 million from $261.3 million at 31 December 2018.  Group indebtedness and related engagements at 30 June 2019 totalled $218.9 million against $215.8 million at 31 December 2018. Against this indebtedness, the group held cash and cash equivalents of $9.9 million (31 December 2018: $26.3 million). The composition of the resultant net indebtedness of $209.0 million was as follows: Â
 The group's annual strategic report noted that the group was in discussions with its Indonesian bankers regarding the provision of an additional loan of $11.0 million to fund 2019 capital expenditure on the group's mills and, in effect, reï¬nance bank loan repayments falling due in 2019. Unfortunately, these discussions had to be temporarily suspended pending receipt by the bank of the 2018 audited accounts of REAK and its subsidiaries, which REAK has only very recently been able to submit to the bank. This is because the unexpected dissolution of the group's former Indonesian audit ï¬rm and transfer of the REAK audit to a successor ï¬rm signiï¬cantly delayed completion of the audit of the accounts in question. Discussions with the bank regarding the group's future funding are now being resumed.  In the meanwhile, the group has been engaged in discussions with its customers regarding the provision of funding in exchange for forward commitments of CPO and CPKO (but on a basis that pricing will be fixed at time of delivery on an agreed basis by reference to then prevailing prices). Supply arrangements recently agreed with one customer will result in that customer subscribing to $3 million of new 2022 dollar notes for a total consideration of $3 million in cash reflecting the value of the notes, the value of the CPO supply arrangements agreed by the group and an agreement by the company to repurchase the notes should the supply arrangements terminate. It is expected that formal agreements in relation to these arrangements will be executed, and that the new dollar notes will be issued, before 31 October 2019. Discussions regarding arrangements for other customer funding are continuing.  Once the customer funding arrangements referred to above have been concluded, the group intends to formulate proposals for the reï¬nancing of the £31.9 million nominal of sterling notes 2020 which fall due for repayment in August 2020. Provided that CPO prices continue to recover, the group also plans, as noted under "Dividends" above, to be able to submit proposals to preference shareholders to deal with the arrears of preference dividend and to resume payment of cash dividends.  The group recognises that implementation of the above proposed transactions will require additional equity.  Outlook  The rate of growth in demand for vegetable oils is now exceeding the rate of growth in supply. This situation is expected to continue with increasing use of bio-diesel in vegetable oil producing countries, a number of different factors limiting supplies of the principal vegetable oils and, in particular, as respects palm oil, increasing constraints on the expansion of oil palm hectarage as a result of sustainability concerns. CPO stocks are being absorbed and this is already being reflected in an improvement in the CPO price. The group agrees with the view of professional commentators that CPO prices are likely to go higher.  The cost reduction initiatives referred to under "Agricultural operations" above are expected to result in some savings in the second half of 2019, but those savings will be limited as the initiatives are being implemented over a period of several months and, in some cases, result in immediate one off costs. Nevertheless, those savings that are achieved, combined with the normal weighting of annual crops to the second half and the higher CPO prices currently prevailing, are expected to result in a material improvement in the results reported by the group for the second half, subject to CPO prices remaining at current levels for the remainder of 2019.  For 2020 and subsequent years, the group is aiming to achieve savings, when measured against 2019 budgeted costs, of not less than $10 million per annum.  With good crop levels and yields being maintained, some potential for further improvements to extraction rates and the impact of increased prices on a lower cost base, the directors look forward to the group's return to proï¬tability.   Approved by the board on 19 September 2019 and signed on its behalf by  DAVID J BLACKETT Chairman   RISKS AND UNCERTAINTIES  The principal risks and uncertainties, as well as mitigating and other relevant considerations, affecting the business activities of the group as at the date of publication of the 2018 annual report (the "annual report") were set out on pages 35 to 41 of that report, under the heading "Risks and uncertainties". A copy of the report may be downloaded from the company's website at www.rea.co.uk. Such risks and uncertainties in summary comprise:  Agricultural operations Climatic factors Material variations from the norm Cultivation risks Impact of pests and diseases Other operational factors Logistical disruptions to the production cycle, including transportation and input shortages or cost increases Produce prices Consequences of lower realisations from sales of CPO and CPKO Expansion Delays in securing land or funding for the extension planting programme Environmental, social and government practices Failure to meet expected standards Community relations Disruptions arising from issues with local stakeholders  Coal and stone operations Operational factors Failure by external contractors to achieve agreed targets Prices Consequences of lower coal or stone prices Environmental, social and government practices  Failure to meet expected standards  General Currency risk Adverse exchange movements between sterling or the rupiah and the dollar Funding Meeting liabilities as they fall due in periods of weaker produce prices Counterparty risk Default by suppliers, customers or financial institutions Regulatory and country exposure Failure to meet or comply with expected standards or applicable regulations; adverse political or legislative changes in Indonesia Systems access and controls Weakness in IT controls and financial reporting system   The risks as relating to "Agricultural operations - Expansion" and "Coal and stone operations" are prospective rather than immediate material risks because the group is currently not expanding its agricultural operations and not yet mining its coal and stone concessions.  However, such risks will apply when, as is contemplated, expansion and mining are resumed. The effect of an adverse incident relating to the coal and stone operations could impact the ability of the coal and stone companies to repay their loans.  The directors have carefully reviewed the potential impact on its operations of the various possible outcomes on the termination of UK membership of the European Union ("Brexit").  The directors expect that certain outcomes may result in a movement in sterling against the US dollar and Indonesian rupiah with consequential impact on the group dollar translation of its sterling costs and sterling liabilities. The directors do not believe that such impact (which could be positive or negative) would be material in the overall context of the group. Were there to be an outcome that resulted in a reduction in UK interest rates, this may negatively impact the level of the technical provisions of the REA Pension Scheme but given the Scheme's estimated funding position, the directors do not expect that this impact would be material in the overall context of the group. Beyond this and considering that the group's entire operations are in Indonesia, the directors do not see Brexit as posing a signiï¬cant risk to the group.  The directors have considered the potential impact on the group of global climate change. Between 5 and 10 per cent of the group's existing plantings are in areas that are low lying and prone to flooding if not protected by bunding. Were climate change to cause an increase in water levels in the rivers running though the estates, this could be expected to increase the requirement for bunding or, if the increase was so extreme that bunding became impossible, could lead to the loss of low lying plantings, the percentage of which could be expected to increase. Changes to levels and regularity of rainfall and sunlight hours could also adversely affect production. However, it seems likely that any climate change impact negatively affecting group production would similarly affect many other oil palm growers in South East Asia leading to a reduction in CPO and CPKO supply. This would be likely to result in higher prices for CPO and CPKO which should provide at least some offset against reduced production.  At the date of the annual report, risks assessed by the directors as being of particular signiï¬cance were those as detailed under: Â
 The directors' assessment, as respects produce prices and funding, reflects the key importance of those risks in relation to the matters considered in the "Viability statement" in the "Directors' report" on page 43 of the annual report and, as respects climatic and other factors, the negative impact that could result from adverse incidence of such risks.  The directors consider that the principal risks and uncertainties for the second six months of 2019 continue to be those set out in the annual report as summarised above.  GOING CONCERN  In the statements regarding viability and going concern on pages 43 and 44 of the 2018 annual report, the directors set out considerations with respect to the group's capital structure and their assessment of liquidity and ï¬nancing adequacy.  Since publication of the 2018 annual report, CPO prices have increased (with an expectation that they will increase further) while cost reduction measures are already resulting in savings and are projected to save at least $10 million per annum from 2020 onwards. Crops have remained at good levels and care has been taken that the cost reduction measures will not impact agricultural performance. The group can therefore expect progressive improvement in its trading cash flows going forward.  The group has been conducting discussions with its principal customers. These have already resulted in an agreement by one customer to subscribe $3 million nominal of dollar notes 2022 for a total consideration of $3 million in cash reflecting the value of the notes, the value of the CPO supply arrangements agreed by the group and an agreement by the company to repurchase the notes should the supply arrangements terminate. Discussions regarding arrangements for other customer funding are continuing. Once such arrangements have been concluded, the group intends to formulate proposals for the reï¬nancing of the £31.9 million nominal of sterling notes 2020 which fall due for repayment in August 2020.  For the reasons explained under "Financing" in the Interim management report above, REAK has only recently been able to submit 2018 audited accounts of REAK and its subsidiaries to its Indonesian bank. This has delayed discussions regarding the group's future bank funding but such discussions are now being resumed. REAK has maintained regular contact with its bank and is conï¬dent that the bank will continue to be supportive of REAK and its subsidiaries.  As noted under "Financing" in the Interim management report, the company recognises that additional equity capital may be required and has been assured of support from its largest shareholder.  Accordingly, the directors have a reasonable expectation that the company will be able to continue in operation and meet its liabilities as they fall due over the period of twelve months from the date of approval of the accompanying ï¬nancial statements and they continue to adopt the going concern basis of accounting in preparing those statements.   DIRECTORS' RESPONSIBILITIES  The directors are responsible for the preparation of this half yearly financial report.  The directors confirm that to the best of their knowledge:  * the accompanying condensed set of ï¬nancial statements has been prepared in accordance with IAS 34 "Interim Financial Reporting"  * the "Interim management report" and "Risks and uncertainties" sections of this half yearly report include a fair review of the information required by rule 4.2.7R of the Disclosure and Transparency Rules of the Financial Conduct Authority, being an indication of important events that have occurred during the first six months of the financial year and their impact on the condensed set of financial statements, and a description of the principal risks and uncertainties for the remaining six months of the year; and *  note 19 in the notes to the consolidated financial statements includes a fair review of the information required by rule 4.2.8R of the Disclosure and Transparency Rules of the Financial Conduct Authority, being related party transactions that have taken place in the first six months of the current financial year and that have materially affected the financial position or performance of the group during that period, and any changes in the related party transactions described in the 2018 annual report that could do so.  The current directors of the company are as listed on page 42 of the company's 2018 annual report.  Approved by the board on 19 September 2019  CONSOLIDATED INCOME STATEMENT FOR THE SIX MONTHS ENDED 30 JUNE 2019 Â
  CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEET AS AT 30 JUNE 2019 Â
 CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME FOR THE SIX MONTHS ENDED 30 JUNE 2019 Â
  CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF CHANGES IN EQUITY FOR THE SIX MONTHS ENDED 30 JUNE 2019 Â
  CONSOLIDATED CASH FLOW STATEMENT FOR THE SIX MONTHS ENDED 30 JUNE 2019 Â
  NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS  1. Basis of accounting  The information shown for the year ended 31 December 2018 does not constitute statutory accounts within the meaning of section 435 of the Companies Act 2006, and is an abridged version of the group's published financial statements for that year which have been filed with the Registrar of Companies. The auditor's report on those statements was unqualified and did not contain any statements under section 498(2) or (3) of the Companies Act 2006.  The condensed consolidated financial statements for the six months ended 30 June 2019 have been prepared in accordance with IAS 34, "Interim Financial Reporting" as adopted by the European Union, and should be read in conjunction with the annual financial statements for the year ended 31 December 2018 which were prepared in accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards ("IFRS") as adopted by the European Union.  The accounting policies and methods of computation adopted in the preparation of the condensed consolidated financial statements for the six months ended 30 June 2019 are the same as those set out in the group's annual report for 2018.  For the reasons given under "Going concern" above, the financial statements have been prepared on the going concern basis.  The condensed consolidated financial statements for the six months ended 30 June 2019 were approved by the board of directors on 19 September 2019.  2. Revenue
 3. Segment information  The group continues to operate in two segments, being the cultivation of oil palms and the coal and stone operations. In the period ended 30 June 2019, the relevant measures for the coal and stone operations continued to fall below the quantitative thresholds set out in IFRS 8. Accordingly, no segment information is included in these financial statements.  4. Agricultural produce movement  The net gain arising from changes in fair value of agricultural produce represents the movement in the fair value of that inventory less the amount of the movement in such inventory at historic cost (which is included in cost of sales), together with movements in the value of current biological assets, which represents growing produce on oil palm trees.  5. Administrative expenses
 Earnings before interest, tax depreciation and amortisation ("EBITDA") is calculated to show the effect on the group's operating loss of excluding depreciation and amortisation, which are significant non-cash movements. Â
  6. Finance costs
 7. Tax
 The tax credit for the period of $5.0 million (30 June 2018: charge of $2.0 million) is based on the reported results of the operations in each jurisdiction, using relevant rates of tax, adjusted for items which include non-taxable income/expense, prior year reduction in the carrying value of Indonesian tax losses and Indonesian withholding taxes not utilisable in the UK. If the income mix in the second half of 2019 differs materially from that of the first half, it may result in a disproportionate movement in the effective rate of taxation for the full year.      8. Loss per share
 9. Dividends
 The half yearly payment of the dividend on the group's preference shares due on 30 June 2019 ($4.1 million) has been deferred pending an improvement in CPO prices. The directors now expect that, not only will the 30 June dividend have to continue to be deferred, but that it will also be necessary to defer payment of the dividend falling due on 31 December 2019. Once it has become clear that the recovery in CPO prices will continue and can reasonably be expected to be sustained, the directors plan to submit proposals to preference shareholders to deal with the arrears of preference dividend and to resume payment of cash dividends.  10. Intangible assets Â
 Computer software and proprietary technology that are not integral to an item of property, plant and equipment are recognised separately as intangible assets.  11. Property, plant and equipment Â
 Additions during the period to property, plant and equipment amounted to $7.7 million (year to 31 December 2018: $28.6 million, six months to 30 June 2018: $13.8 million).  Disposals during the period of property, plant and equipment amounted to $nil (2018: $0.5 million) and gave rise to a loss on disposal of $nil (2018: $0.2 million).  Leased assets that do not meet the definitions of planting, buildings and structures, or construction in progress have been classed among plant, equipment and vehicles.  12. Land titles Â
 13. Capital commitments  Capital commitments contracted, but not provided for by the group as at 30 June 2019, amounted to $4.4 million (31 December 2018: $1.1 million, 30 June 2018: $4.5 million).  14. Coal and stone interests Â
 Interest bearing loans have been made to two Indonesian companies that, directly and through a further Indonesian company, own rights in respect of certain coal and stone concessions in East Kalimantan, Indonesia, together with related balances; such loans are repayable not later than 2020. Pursuant to the arrangements between the group and its local partners, the company's subsidiary, KCC Resources Limited ("KCC"), has the right, subject to satisfaction of local regulatory requirements, to acquire the three concession holding companies at original cost on a basis that will give the group (through KCC) 95 per cent ownership with the balance of 5 per cent remaining owned by the local partners. Under current regulations such rights cannot be exercised. In the meantime, the concession holding companies are being financed by loan funding from the group and no dividends or other distributions or payments may be paid or made by the concession holding companies to the local partners without the prior agreement of KCC. A guarantee has been executed by the stone concession company in respect of the amounts owed to the group by the two coal concession companies.  As noted in the group's 2018 annual report published in April 2019, IPA has been served with an arbitration claim by two parties (connected with one another) (the "claimants") with whom IPA previously had conditional agreements to, amongst other things, fund the development of, and operate, the IPA concession. IPA believes that these agreements did not become effective as respects the claimants because, inter alia, certain pre-conditions were never satisfied. Since April, the claimants' detailed claim has been received and the claimants now seek to hold the company liable for any damages awarded against IPA and to seek damages for alleged tortious conduct by the company in conjunction with IPA. Whilst the appointed arbitrators have joined the company as a party to the arbitration on a prima facie basis and without prejudice to any final determination of jurisdiction (or lack thereof), the company, which was never a party to any of the agreements between IPA and the claimants, has declined to accept jurisdiction or participate in the arbitration. Both IPA and the company (without prejudice to its position concerning the arbitrators' jurisdiction) consider the claims being made to be without merit.  15. Assets available for sale  During the six months to 30 June 2018, the group decided to sell its operating subsidiary, PBJ. The sale completed during the second half of 2018. Accordingly, certain assets and liabilities were temporarily reclassified as available for sale as at 30 June 2018. There are no assets classified as available for sale at 30 June 2019. The amounts reclassified as available for sale at 30 June 2018 were as follows: Â
 16. Fair values of financial instruments  The table below provides an analysis of the book values and fair values of financial instruments, excluding receivables and trade payables and Indonesian coal and stone interests, as at the balance sheet date. Cash and deposits, dollar notes and sterling notes are classified as level 1 in the fair value hierarchy prescribed by IFRS 7 "Financial instruments: disclosures". (Level 1 includes instruments where inputs to the fair value measurements are quoted prices in active markets). All other financial instruments are classified as level 3 in the fair value hierarchy. (Level 3 includes instruments which have no observable market data to provide inputs to the fair value measurements.) No reclassifications between levels in the fair value hierarchy were made during 2019 (2018: none). Â
* bearing interest at floating rates ** bearing interest at fixed rates  The fair values of cash and deposits, bank debt and loans approximate their carrying values since these carry interest at current market rates. The fair values of the dollar notes and sterling notes are based on the latest prices at which those notes were traded prior to the balance sheet dates.  A one per cent increase in interest applied to those financial instruments shown in the table above which carry interest at floating rates would have resulted over a period of six months in a pre-tax profit (and equity) decrease of approximately $0.2 million (year to 31 December 2018: pre-tax profit (and equity) decrease of $nil; six months to 30 June 2018: $0.6 million).  17. Reconciliation of operating profit to operating cash flows Â
 18. Movements in net borrowings
 19. Related parties  Transactions between the company and its subsidiaries, which are related parties, have been eliminated on consolidation and are not disclosed in this note.  During the period R.E.A. Trading Limited ("REAT"), a related party, made unsecured loans to the company on commercial terms. REAT is owned by Richard Robinow (a director of the company) and his brother who, with members of their family, also own Emba Holdings Limited, a substantial shareholder in the company. The maximum amount loaned during the period to, and outstanding at, 30 June 2019 is $3.7m. This disclosure is made in compliance with the requirements of Listing Rule 9.8.4.  20. Events after the reporting period  There have been no material post balance sheet events that would require disclosure in, or adjustment to, these financial statements.  21. Rates of exchange Â
 Reference to "dollars" and "$" are to the lawful currency of the United States of America. References to rupiah are to the lawful currency of Indonesia.  22. Cautionary statement  This document contains certain forward-looking statements relating to R.E.A. Holdings plc (the "group"). The group considers any statements that are not historical facts as "forward-looking statements". They relate to events and trends that are subject to risk and uncertainty that may cause actual results and the financial performance of the group to differ materially from those contained in any forward-looking statement. These statements are made by the directors in good faith based on information available to them and such statements should be treated with caution due to the inherent uncertainties, including both economic and business risk factors, underlying any such forward-looking information.       Press enquiries to: R.E.A. Holdings plc Tel: 020 7436 7877    References to group companies in this report are defined below: CDM PT Cipta Davia Mandiri KKS PT Kartanegara Kumalasakti KMS PT Kutai Mitra Sejahtera PBJ PT Putra Bongan Jaya - now divested PBJ2 PT Persada Bangun Jaya REAK PT REA Kaltim Plantations SYB PT Sasana Yudha Bhakti PU PT Prasetia Utama  The terms "FFB", "CPO" and "CPKO" mean, respectively, "fresh fruit bunches", "crude palm oil" and "crude palm kernel oil".  References to "dollars" and "$" are to the lawful currency of the United States of America.  References to "rupiah" are to the lawful currency of Indonesia. |
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| ISIN: | GB0002349065 |
| Category Code: | IR |
| TIDM: | RE. |
| LEI Code: | 213800YXL94R94RYG150 |
| Sequence No.: | 20714 |
| EQS News ID: | 876957 |
| Â | |
| End of Announcement | EQS News Service |
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