Final Results - PART 4 OF 4

RNS Number : 9302Y
Aviva PLC
09 March 2017
 

Part 4 of 4

 

 

 

 

Page 97

Capital & liquidity

In this section

Page

Capital and liquidity

 

C1

Analysis of return on equity

98

C2

Group capital structure - IFRS basis

99

C3

Equity sensitivity analysis - IFRS basis

100

 

 

 

 

 

Page 98

 

C1 - Analysis of return on equity

 

Operating return1

 

 

2016

Before
 tax
 £m

After
tax
 £m

Weighted average shareholders' funds including non-controlling

interests2

£m

Return on

equity2

%

United Kingdom & Ireland Life

1,555

1,262

11,218

11.2%

United Kingdom & Ireland General Insurance and Health3,4

471

380

2,431

15.6%

Europe

964

674

5,160

13.1%

Canada4

269

197

1,256

15.7%

Asia

228

216

1,548

14.0%

Fund management

138

104

426

24.4%

Corporate and Other Business3,5

(227)

(219)

4,850

N/A

Return on total capital employed

3,398

2,614

26,889

9.7%

Subordinated debt

(387)

(309)

(6,907)

4.5%

Senior debt

(1)

(1)

(869)

0.1%

Return on total equity

3,010

2,304

19,113

12.1%

Less: Non-controlling interests

 

(147)

(1,279)

11.5%

Direct capital instrument and tier 1 notes

 

(68)

(1,123)

6.1%

Preference capital

 

(17)

(200)

8.5%

Return on equity shareholders' funds

 

2,072

16,511

12.5%

1    The operating return is based upon Group operating profit. Refer to note B1.

2    Return on equity is based on an annualised operating return after tax attributable to ordinary shareholders expressed as a percentage of weighted average ordinary shareholders' equity.

3    2015 comparatives have been restated to exclude c.£0.9 billion of goodwill which does not support the general insurance and health business for capital purposes and is included in 'Corporate and Other Business'. There is no impact on Group return on equity as a result of this restatement.

4    2015 comparatives have been restated for the impact of an internal loan between Canada and United Kingdom general insurance. There is no impact on Group return on equity as a result of this restatement.

5    The 'Corporate' and 'Other Business' loss before tax of £227 million comprises corporate costs of £184 million, interest on internal lending arrangements of £23 million, other business operating loss (net of investment return) of £106 million, partly offset by finance income on the main UK pension scheme of £86 million.

 

Operating return2

 

 

2015 - Restated1

Before
 tax
£m

After
 tax
 £m

Weighted average shareholders' funds including non-controlling

 interests2

£m

Return on

equity2

%

United Kingdom & Ireland Life

1,455

1,277

9,586

14.4%

United Kingdom & Ireland General Insurance and Health3,4,5

412

332

3,249

10.2%

Europe

880

590

4,645

12.7%

Canada5

214

157

972

16.2%

Asia

238

224

1,249

22.0%

Fund management

106

97

326

30.1%

Corporate and Other Business4,6

(254)

(303)

3,417

n/a

Return on total capital employed

3,051

2,374

23,444

10.8%

Subordinated debt

(335)

(267)

(6,240)

4.4%

Senior debt

(28)

(22)

(623)

3.5%

Return on total equity

2,688

2,085

16,581

13.4%

Less: Non-controlling interests

 

(152)

(1,248)

12.2%

Direct capital instrument and tier 1 notes

 

(57)

(952)

6.6%

Preference capital

 

(17)

(200)

8.5%

Return on equity shareholders' funds

 

1,859

14,181

14.1%

1    Following a correction to accounting and modelling for annual management charge rebates in UK Life, prior year comparatives have been restated. This has led to an increase in operating profit and profit before tax of £23 million for 2015 and an increase in opening retained earnings for 2015 of £20 million with an increase in equity at 31 December 2015 of £38 million. See note B2 for further details.

2    Return on equity is based on an annualised operating return after tax attributable to ordinary shareholders expressed as a percentage of weighted average ordinary shareholders' equity. The operating return is based upon Group operating profit. Refer to note B1. Following the acquisition of Friends Life, an annualisation factor of 1.33 was used to gross up the Friends Life operating return.

3    The operating return for United Kingdom & Ireland general insurance and health is presented net of £18 million of investment return, which is allocated to Corporate and Other Business. The £18 million represents the return on capital supporting Pillar II ICA risks deemed not to be supporting the ongoing general insurance operation.

4    2015 comparatives have been restated to exclude c.£0.9 billion of goodwill which does not support the general insurance and health business for capital purposes and is included in 'Corporate and Other Business'. There is no impact on Group return on equity as a result of this restatement.

5    2015 comparatives have been restated for the impact of an internal loan between Canada and United Kingdom general insurance. There is no impact on Group return on equity as a result.

6    The 'Corporate' and 'Other Business' loss before tax of £254 million comprises corporate costs of £180 million, interest on internal lending arrangements of £92 million, other business operating loss (net of investment return) of £76 million, partly offset by finance income on the main UK pension scheme of £94 million.

 

 

 

 

Page 99

 

C2 - Group capital structure - IFRS basis

The table below shows how our capital is deployed by market and how that capital is funded.

 

2016
Capital employed £m

Restated1

2015
Capital employed
£m

Life business

 

 

United Kingdom & Ireland

11,764

11,126

France

2,756

2,151

Poland

296

305

Italy

947

849

Spain

594

506

Other Europe

71

72

Europe

4,664

3,883

Asia

1,643

1,355

 

18,071

16,364

General insurance & health

 

 

United Kingdom & Ireland2

1,761

3,165

France

462

506

Italy

282

231

Other Europe

70

63

Europe

814

800

Canada

1,471

957

Asia

16

24

 

4,062

4,946

Fund Management

462

411

Corporate & Other Business2,3

5,533

3,461

Total capital employed

28,128

25,182

Financed by

 

 

Equity shareholders' funds

16,803

15,802

Non-controlling interests

1,425

1,145

Direct capital instrument & tier 1 notes

1,123

1,123

Preference shares

200

200

Subordinated debt4

7,213

6,427

Senior debt

1,364

485

Total capital employed5

28,128

25,182

1    Following a correction to accounting and modelling for annual management charge rebates in UK Life, prior year comparatives have been restated. This has led to an increase in operating profit and profit before tax of £23 million for 2015 and an increase in opening retained earnings for 2015 of £20 million with an increase in equity at 31 December 2015 of £38 million. See note B2 for further details.

2    Capital employed for United Kingdom & Ireland general insurance and health excludes c.£0.9 billion of goodwill which does not support the general insurance and health business for capital purposes and is included in 'Corporate & Other Business'. Comparatives have been restated accordingly and there is no impact on Group return on equity as a result of this restatement.

3    'Corporate' and 'other Business' includes centrally held tangible net assets, the main UK staff pension scheme surplus and also reflects internal lending arrangements. These internal lending arrangements, which net out on consolidation, include the formal loan arrangement between Aviva Group Holdings Limited and Aviva Insurance Limited (AIL).

4    Subordinated debt excludes amounts held by Group companies of £9 million (2015: £42 million).

5    Goodwill, AVIF and other intangibles are maintained within the capital base. Goodwill includes goodwill in subsidiaries of £2,045 million (2015: £1,955 million), goodwill in joint ventures of £20 million (2015: £19 million) and goodwill in associates of £47 million (2015: £26 million). AVIF and other intangibles comprise £5,468 million (2015: £5,731 million) of intangibles in subsidiaries, £72 million (2015: £71 million) of intangibles in joint ventures and £18 million (2015: Nil) of intangibles in associates, net of deferred tax liabilities of £(783) million (2015: £(814) million) and the non-controlling interest share of intangibles of £(226) million (2015: £(195) million).

 

Total capital employed is financed by a combination of equity shareholders' funds, preference capital, subordinated debt and other borrowings. At the end of 2016 the Group had £28.1 billion (2015: £25.2 billion) of total capital employed in our trading operations measured on an IFRS basis.

In 2016 the Group issued two subordinated debt instruments and two sets of senior notes. Additionally one subordinated debt instrument was redeemed in full at its first call date. Further details are set out below:

· May 2016 - Aviva plc issued C$450 million of subordinated debt at 4.50% which matures in May 2021.

· September 2016 - Aviva plc issued £400 million of subordinated debt at 4.375%, with final maturity in September 2049 and first call in September 2029, and €350 million of senior debt at 0.100% which matures in December 2018.

· October 2016 - Aviva plc issued €500 million of senior debt at 0.625% with a maturity in October 2023.

· December 2016 - Aviva plc redeemed, at first call, the 8.25% $400 million subordinated debt originally issued in 2011.

At the end of 2016 the market value of our external debt, subordinated debt, preference shares (including both Aviva plc preference shares of £200 million and General Accident plc preference shares, within non-controlling interests, of £250 million), and direct capital instrument and tier 1 notes was £11,006 million (2015: £9,094 million).

 

 

 

 

Page 100

 

C3 - Equity sensitivity analysis - IFRS basis

The sensitivity of the Group's total equity on an IFRS basis at 31 December 2016 to a 10% fall in global equity markets, a rise of 1% in global interest rates or a 0.5% increase in credit spreads is as follows:

Restated1

2015
£bn

IFRS basis

31 December 2016
£bn

Equities down 10% £bn

Interest rates up 1% £bn

0.5% increased credit spread
£bn

16.4

Long-term savings

18.1

-

(0.4)

(0.2)

8.8

General insurance and other

10.1

(0.1)

(0.4)

0.6

(6.9)

Borrowings

(8.6)

-

-

-

18.3

Total equity

19.6

(0.1)

(0.8)

0.4

1    Following a correction to accounting and modelling for annual management charge rebates in UK Life, prior year comparatives have been restated. See note B2 for further details.

These sensitivities assume a full tax charge/credit on market value assumptions. The interest rate sensitivity also assumes an equivalent movement in both inflation and discount rate (i.e. no change to real interest rates) and therefore incorporates the offsetting effects of these items on the pension scheme liabilities. A 1% increase in the real interest rate has the effect of reducing the pension scheme liability in the main UK pension scheme by £2.3 billion (before any associated tax impact).

The 0.5% increased credit spread sensitivity does not make an allowance for any adjustment to risk-free interest rates. The long-term business sensitivities provide for any impact of credit spread movements on liability valuations. The sensitivities also include the allocation of staff pension scheme sensitivities, which assume inflation rates and government bond yields remain constant. In practice, the sensitivity of the business to changes in credit spreads is subject to a number of complex interactions. The impact of the credit spread movements will be related to individual portfolio composition and may be driven by changes in credit or liquidity risk; hence, the actual impact may differ substantially from applying spread movements implied by various published credit spread indices to these sensitivities.

 

 

 

 

 

 

Page 101

Analysis of assets

In this section

Page

Analysis of assets

 

D1

Total assets

102

D2

Total assets - Valuation bases/fair value hierarchy

102

D3

Analysis of asset quality

105

D4

Pension fund assets

121

D5

Available funds

122

D6

Guarantees

122

 

 

 

 

 

Page 102

 

 

 

D1 - Total assets

As an insurance business, Aviva Group holds a variety of assets to match the characteristics and duration of its insurance liabilities. Appropriate and effective asset liability matching (on an economic basis) is the principal way in which Aviva manages its investments. In addition, to support this, Aviva also uses a variety of hedging and other risk management strategies to diversify away any residual mismatch risk that is outside of the Group's risk appetite.

2016

Policyholder assets
£m

Participating fund assets £m

Shareholder assets
£m

Total assets analysed £m

Less assets of operations classified as held for sale
£m

Balance sheet total £m

Goodwill and acquired value of in-force business and intangible assets

-

-

7,525

7,525

(12)

7,513

Interests in joint ventures and associates

89

1,356

640

2,085

-

2,085

Property and equipment

-

192

295

487

-

487

Investment property

6,625

3,664

527

10,816

(48)

10,768

Loans

1,027

2,470

21,362

24,859

(75)

24,784

Financial investments

 

 

 

 

 

 

Debt securities

27,048

102,511

53,715

183,274

(7,738)

175,536

Equity securities

52,571

15,771

670

69,012

(664)

68,348

Other investments

45,630

9,119

3,506

58,255

(2,304)

55,951

Reinsurance assets

18,525

664

7,565

26,754

(411)

26,343

Deferred tax assets

-

-

183

183

(3)

180

Current tax assets

-

-

119

119

-

119

Receivables and other financial assets

435

2,301

6,462

9,198

(1,404)

7,794

Deferred acquisition costs and other assets

25

556

5,312

5,893

-

5,893

Prepayments and accrued income

279

1,394

1,323

2,996

(114)

2,882

Cash and cash equivalents

8,874

17,777

12,312

38,963

(255)

38,708

Assets of operations classified as held for sale

-

-

-

-

13,028

13,028

Total

161,128

157,775

121,516

440,419

-

440,419

Total %

36.6%

35.8%

27.6%

100.0%

-

100.0%

2015 Total - restated1

141,592

141,756

104,483

387,831

-

387,831

2015 Total % - restated1

36.5%

36.6%

26.9%

100.0%

-

100.0%

1    Following a correction to accounting and modelling for annual management charge rebates in UK Life, prior year comparatives have been restated. See note B2 for further details.

As at 31 December 2016, 27.6% of Aviva's total asset base was shareholder assets, 35.8% participating fund assets where Aviva shareholders have partial exposure, and 36.6% policyholder assets where Aviva shareholders have no exposure. Of the total assets (excluding held for sale), investment property, loans and financial investments comprise £335.4 billion, compared to £308.0 billion at 31 December 2015.

 

D2 - Total assets - Valuation bases/fair value hierarchy

Total assets - 2016

Fair value
£m

Amortised cost
£m

Equity accounted/

tax assets1

£m

Total
£m

Goodwill and acquired value of in-force business and intangible assets

-

7,525

-

7,525

Interests in joint ventures and associates

-

-

2,085

2,085

Property and equipment

389

98

-

487

Investment property

10,816

-

-

10,816

Loans

21,283

3,576

-

24,859

Financial Investments

 

 

 

 

Debt securities

183,274

-

-

183,274

Equity securities

69,012

-

-

69,012

Other investments

58,255

-

-

58,255

Reinsurance assets

18,366

8,388

-

26,754

Deferred tax assets

-

-

183

183

Current tax assets

-

-

119

119

Receivables and other financial assets

-

9,198

-

9,198

Deferred acquisition costs and other assets

-

5,893

-

5,893

Prepayments and accrued income

-

2,996

-

2,996

Cash and cash equivalents

38,963

-

-

38,963

Total

400,358

37,674

2,387

440,419

Total %

90.9%

8.6%

0.5%

100.0%

Assets of operations classified as held for sale

11,009

2,016

3

13,028

Total (excluding assets held for sale)

389,349

35,658

2,384

427,391

Total % (excluding assets held for sale)

91.1%

8.3%

0.6%

100.0%

2015 Total - restated2

352,629

33,038

2,164

387,831

2015 Total % - restated2

90.9%

8.5%

0.6%

100.0%

1    Within the Group's statement of financial position, assets are recognised for deferred tax and current tax. The valuation basis of these assets does not directly fall within any of the categories outlined above. As such, these assets have been reported together with equity accounted items within the analysis of the Group's assets.

2    Following a correction to accounting and modelling for annual management charge rebates in UK Life, prior year comparatives have been restated. See note B2 for further details.

 

 

 

 

 

Page 103

 

 

D2 - Total assets - Valuation bases/fair value hierarchy continued

Total assets - Policyholder assets 2016

Fair value £m

Amortised cost
 £m

Equity accounted/

tax assets1

£m

Total
£m

Goodwill and acquired value of in-force business and intangible assets

-

-

-

-

Interests in joint ventures and associates

-

-

89

89

Property and equipment

-

-

-

-

Investment property

6,625

-

-

6,625

Loans

-

1,027

-

1,027

Financial Investments

 

 

 

 

Debt securities

27,048

-

-

27,048

Equity securities

52,571

-

-

52,571

Other investments

45,630

-

-

45,630

Reinsurance assets

18,359

166

-

18,525

Deferred tax assets

-

-

-

-

Current tax assets

-

-

-

-

Receivables and other financial assets

-

435

-

435

Deferred acquisition costs and other assets

-

25

-

25

Prepayments and accrued income

-

279

-

279

Cash and cash equivalents

8,874

-

-

8,874

Total

159,107

1,932

89

161,128

Total %

98.7%

1.2%

0.1%

100.0%

Assets of operations classified as held for sale

2,489

-

-

2,489

Total (excluding assets held for sale)

156,618

1,932

89

158,639

Total % (excluding assets held for sale)

98.7%

1.2%

0.1%

100.0%

2015 Total

140,525

926

141

141,592

2015 Total %

99.2%

0.7%

0.1%

100.0%

1    Within the Group's statement of financial position, assets are recognised for deferred tax and current tax. The valuation basis of these assets does not directly fall within any of the categories outlined above. As such, these assets have been reported together with equity accounted items within the analysis of the Group's assets.

Total assets - Participating fund assets 2016

Fair value £m

Amortised cost
£m

Equity accounted/

tax assets1

£m

Total
£m

Goodwill and acquired value of in-force business and intangible assets

-

-

-

-

Interests in joint ventures and associates

-

-

1,356

1,356

Property and equipment

180

12

-

192

Investment property

3,664

-

-

3,664

Loans

124

2,346

-

2,470

Financial Investments

 

 

 

 

Debt securities

102,511

-

-

102,511

Equity securities

15,771

-

-

15,771

Other investments

9,119

-

-

9,119

Reinsurance assets

-

664

-

664

Deferred tax assets

-

-

-

-

Current tax assets

-

-

-

-

Receivables and other financial assets

-

2,301

-

2,301

Deferred acquisition costs and other assets

-

556

-

556

Prepayments and accrued income

-

1,394

-

1,394

Cash and cash equivalents

17,777

-

-

17,777

Total

149,146

7,273

1,356

157,775

Total %

94.5%

4.6%

0.9%

100.0%

Assets of operations classified as held for sale

8,520

1,482

-

10,002

Total (excluding assets held for sale)

140,626

5,791

1,356

147,773

Total % (excluding assets held for sale)

95.2%

3.9%

0.9%

100.0%

2015 Total

132,319

8,142

1,295

141,756

2015 Total %

93.4%

5.7%

0.9%

100.0%

1    Within the Group's statement of financial position, assets are recognised for deferred tax and current tax. The valuation basis of these assets does not directly fall within any of the categories outlined above. As such, these assets have been reported together with equity accounted items within the analysis of the Group's assets.

 

 

 

 

 

Page 104

 

 

D2 - Total assets - Valuation bases/fair value hierarchy continued

Total assets - Shareholders assets 2016

Fair value £m

Amortised cost
 £m

Equity accounted/

tax assets1

£m

Total
£m

Goodwill and acquired value of in-force business and intangible assets

-

7,525

-

7,525

Interests in joint ventures and associates

-

-

640

640

Property and equipment

209

86

-

295

Investment property

527

-

-

527

Loans

21,159

203

-

21,362

Financial Investments

 

 

 

 

Debt securities

53,715

-

-

53,715

Equity securities

670

-

-

670

Other investments

3,506

-

-

3,506

Reinsurance assets

7

7,558

-

7,565

Deferred tax assets

-

-

183

183

Current tax assets

-

-

119

119

Receivables and other financial assets

-

6,462

-

6,462

Deferred acquisition costs and other assets

-

5,312

-

5,312

Prepayments and accrued income

-

1,323

-

1,323

Cash and cash equivalents

12,312

-

-

12,312

Total

92,105

28,469

942

121,516

Total %

75.8%

23.4%

0.8%

100.0%

Assets of operations classified as held for sale

-

534

3

537

Total (excluding assets held for sale)

92,105

27,935

939

120,979

Total % (excluding assets held for sale)

76.1%

23.1%

0.8%

100.0%

2015 Total - restated2

79,785

23,970

728

104,483

2015 Total % - restated2

76.4%

22.9%

0.7%

100.0%

1    Within the Group's statement of financial position, assets are recognised for deferred tax and current tax. The valuation basis of these assets does not directly fall within any of the categories outlined above. As such, these assets have been reported together with equity accounted items within the analysis of the Group's assets.

2    Following a correction to accounting and modelling for annual management charge rebates in UK Life, prior year comparatives have been restated. See note B2 for further details.

Fair value hierarchy

To provide further information on the valuation techniques we use to measure assets carried at fair value, we have categorised the measurement basis for assets carried at fair value into a 'fair value hierarchy' described as follows, based on the lowest level input that is significant to the valuation as a whole:

· Inputs to Level 1 fair values are quoted prices (unadjusted) in active markets for identical assets.

· Inputs to Level 2 fair values are inputs other than quoted prices included within Level 1 that are observable for the asset, either directly or indirectly. If the asset has a specified (contractual) term, a Level 2 input must be observable for substantially the full term of the asset.

· Inputs to Level 3 fair values are unobservable inputs for the asset. Unobservable inputs may have been used to measure fair value to the extent that observable inputs are not available, thereby allowing for situations in which there is little, if any, market activity for the asset at the measurement date (or market information for the inputs to any valuation models). As such unobservable inputs reflect the assumption the business unit considers that market participants would use in pricing the asset. Examples are investment property, certain private equity investment and private placements.

 

Fair value hierarchy

 

 

 

 

Investment property and financial assets - Total 2016

Level 1
£m

Level 2
£m

Level 3
£m

Sub-total fair value
 £m

Amortised cost
 £m

Less:
Assets of operations classified as held for sale £m

Balance sheet total £m

Investment property

-

-

10,816

10,816

-

(48)

10,768

Loans

-

360

20,923

21,283

3,576

(75)

24,784

Debt securities

102,724

63,234

17,316

183,274

-

(7,738)

175,536

Equity securities

68,099

-

913

69,012

-

(664)

68,348

Other investments (including derivatives)

47,832

6,359

4,064

58,255

-

(2,304)

55,951

Assets of operations classified as held for sale

-

-

-

-

-

10,829

10,829

Total

218,655

69,953

54,032

342,640

3,576

-

346,216

Total %

63.2%

20.2%

15.6%

99.0%

1.0%

-

100.0%

Assets of operations classified as held for sale

9,408

366

980

10,754

75

-

10,829

Total (excluding assets held for sale)

209,247

69,587

53,052

331,886

3,501

-

335,387

Total % (excluding assets held for sale)

62.5%

20.7%

15.8%

99.0%

1.0%

-

100.0%

2015 Total

191,265

64,210

49,122

304,597

3,354

-

307,951

2015 Total %

62.1%

20.8%

16.0%

98.9%

1.1%

-

100.0%

At 31 December 2016, the proportion of total financial assets classified as Level 1 in the fair value hierarchy increased to 63.2% (2015: 62.1%). The proportion of Level 2 loans and financial assets was 20.2% (2015: 20.8%) and investment properties, loans and financial assets classified as Level 3 was 15.6% (2015: 16.0%).

 

 

 

 

 

Page 105

 

 

D3 - Analysis of asset quality

The analysis of assets that follows provides a breakdown of information about the assets held by the Group.

D3.1 - Investment property

 

 

 

 

2016

 

 

 

2015

 

Fair value hierarchy

 

Fair value hierarchy

 

Investment property - Total

Level 1
 £m

Level 2
£m

Level 3
 £m

Total
 £m

Level 1
£m

Level 2
 £m

Level 3
 £m

Total
£m

Lease to third parties under operating leases

-

-

10,754

10,754

-

-

11,149

11,149

Vacant investment property/held for capital appreciation

-

-

62

62

-

-

152

152

Total

-

-

10,816

10,816

-

-

11,301

11,301

Total %

-

-

100.0%

100.0%

-

-

100.0%

100.0%

Assets of operations classified as held for sale

-

-

48

48

-

-

-

-

Total (excluding assets held for sale)

-

-

10,768

10,768

-

-

11,301

11,301

Total % (excluding assets held for sale)

-

-

100.0%

100.0%

-

-

100.0%

100.0%

 

 

 

 

 

2016

 

 

 

2015

 

Fair value hierarchy

 

Fair value hierarchy

 

Investment property - Policyholder assets

Level 1
 £m

Level 2
£m

Level 3
 £m

Total
£m

Level 1
£m

Level 2
£m

Level 3
£m

Total
£m

Lease to third parties under operating leases

-

-

6,612

6,612

-

-

6,574

6,574

Vacant investment property/held for capital appreciation

-

-

13

13

-

-

73

73

Total

-

-

6,625

6,625

-

-

6,647

6,647

Total %

-

-

100.0%

100.0%

-

-

100.0%

100.0%

Assets of operations classified as held for sale

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Total (excluding assets held for sale)

-

-

6,625

6,625

-

-

6,647

6,647

Total % (excluding assets held for sale)

-

-

100.0%

100.0%

-

-

100.0%

100.0%

 

 

 

 

 

2016

 

 

 

2015

 

Fair value hierarchy

 

Fair value hierarchy

 

Investment property - Participating fund assets

Level 1
£m

Level 2
£m

Level 3
£m

Total
£m

Level 1
£m

Level 2
 £m

Level 3
£m

Total
£m

Lease to third parties under operating leases

-

-

3,616

3,616

-

-

4,048

4,048

Vacant investment property/held for capital appreciation

-

-

48

48

-

-

68

68

Total

-

-

3,664

3,664

-

-

4,116

4,116

Total %

-

-

100.0%

100.0%

-

-

100.0%

100.0%

Assets of operations classified as held for sale

-

-

48

48

-

-

-

-

Total (excluding assets held for sale)

-

-

3,616

3,616

-

-

4,116

4,116

Total % (excluding assets held for sale)

-

-

100.0%

100.0%

-

-

100.0%

100.0%

 

 

 

 

 

2016

 

 

 

2015

 

Fair value hierarchy

 

Fair value hierarchy

 

Investment property - Shareholder assets

Level 1
 £m

Level 2
 £m

Level 3
 £m

Total
£m

Level 1
£m

Level 2
 £m

Level 3
 £m

Total
£m

Lease to third parties under operating leases

-

-

526

526

-

-

527

527

Vacant investment property/held for capital appreciation

-

-

1

1

-

-

11

11

Total

-

-

527

527

-

-

538

538

Total %

-

-

100.0%

100.0%

-

-

100.0%

100.0%

Assets of operations classified as held for sale

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Total (excluding assets held for sale)

-

-

527

527

-

-

538

538

Total % (excluding assets held for sale)

-

-

100.0%

100.0%

-

-

100.0%

100.0%

Within total investment properties by value 95.1% (2015: 95.2%) are held in policyholder or participating fund assets. Shareholder exposure to investment properties is principally through investments in UK and French commercial property.

Investment properties are stated at their market values as assessed by qualified external independent valuers. The investment properties are valued on an income basis that is based on current rental income plus anticipated uplifts at the next rent review, lease expiry, or break option taking in to consideration lease incentives and assuming no further growth in the estimated rental value of the property. This uplift and the discount rate are derived from rates implied by recent market transactions on similar property. These inputs are deemed unobservable.

Within total investment properties by value 99.4% (2015: 98.7%) are leased to third parties under operating leases, with the remainder either being vacant or held for capital appreciation.

 

 

 

 

Page 106

 

 

D3 - Analysis of asset quality continued

D3.2 - Loans 

The Group loan portfolio is principally made up of:

· Policy loans which are generally collateralised by a lien or charge over the underlying policy;

· Loans and advances to banks, which primarily relate to loans of cash collateral received in stock lending transactions. These loans are fully collateralised by other securities;

· Mortgage loans collateralised by property assets;

· Healthcare, Infrastructure & Private Finance Initiative ('PFI') other loans; and

· Other loans, which include loans to brokers and intermediaries.

Loans with fixed maturities, including policy loans, mortgage loans (at amortised cost) and loans and advances to banks, are recognised when cash is advanced to borrowers. These loans are carried at their unpaid principal balances and adjusted for amortisation of premium or discount, non-refundable loan fees and related direct costs. These amounts are deferred and amortised over the life of the loan as an adjustment to loan yield using the effective interest rate method.

For certain mortgage loans, the Group has taken advantage of the fair value option under IAS 39 to present the mortgages, associated borrowings, other liabilities and derivative financial instruments at fair value, since they are managed together on a fair value basis. The mortgage loans are not traded in active markets. These investments are classified as level 3 as the assumptions used to derive the credit risk, liquidity premium and property risk are not deemed to be market observable.

Loans - Total 2016

United Kingdom & Ireland
£m

Europe
£m

Canada
£m

Asia
 £m

Total
£m

Policy loans

15

830

-

37

882

Loans and advances to banks

2,564

15

-

-

2,579

Healthcare, Infrastructure & PFI other loans

2,460

-

-

-

2,460

Mortgage loans

18,253

1

-

-

18,254

Other loans

506

8

170

-

684

Total

23,798

854

170

37

24,859

Total %

95.8%

3.4%

0.7%

0.1%

100.0%

Assets of operations classified as held for sale

-

75

-

-

75

Total (excluding assets held for sale)

23,798

779

170

37

24,784

Total % (excluding assets held for sale)

96.1%

3.1%

0.7%

0.1%

100.0%

2015 Total

21,507

760

135

31

22,433

2015 Total %

95.9%

3.4%

0.6%

0.1%

100.0%

 

Loans - Policyholders assets 2016

United Kingdom & Ireland
£m

Europe
 £m

Canada
£m

Asia
£m

Total
£m

Policy loans

-

-

-

8

8

Loans and advances to banks

1,019

-

-

-

1,019

Healthcare, Infrastructure & PFI other loans

-

-

-

-

-

Mortgage loans

-

-

-

-

-

Other loans

-

-

-

-

-

Total

1,019

-

-

8

1,027

Total %

99.2%

-

-

0.8%

100.0%

Assets of operations classified as held for sale

-

-

-

-

-

Total (excluding assets held for sale)

1,019

-

-

8

1,027

Total % (excluding assets held for sale)

99.2%

-

-

0.8%

100.0%

2015 Total

76

-

-

7

83

2015 Total %

91.6%

-

-

8.4%

100.0%

 

Loans - Participating fund assets 2016

United Kingdom & Ireland
 £m

Europe
£m

Canada
 £m

Asia
£m

Total
£m

Policy loans

11

824

-

27

862

Loans and advances to banks

982

2

-

-

984

Healthcare, Infrastructure & PFI other loans

-

-

-

-

-

Mortgage loans

120

1

-

-

121

Other loans

502

1

-

-

503

Total

1,615

828

-

27

2,470

Total %

65.4%

33.5%

-

1.1%

100.0%

Assets of operations classified as held for sale

-

75

-

-

75

Total (excluding assets held for sale)

1,615

753

-

27

2,395

Total % (excluding assets held for sale)

67.5%

31.4%

-

1.1%

100.0%

2015 Total

2,638

727

-

21

3,386

2015 Total %

77.9%

21.5%

-

0.6%

100.0%

 

 

 

 

 

Page 107

 

 

D3 - Analysis of asset quality continued

D3.2 - Loans continued

Loans - Shareholder assets 2016

United Kingdom & Ireland
£m

Europe
£m

Canada
 £m

Asia
 £m

Total
£m

Policy loans

4

6

-

2

12

Loans and advances to banks

563

13

-

-

576

Healthcare, Infrastructure & PFI other loans

2,460

-

-

-

2,460

Mortgage loans

18,133

-

-

-

18,133

Other loans

4

7

170

-

181

Total

21,164

26

170

2

21,362

Total %

99.1%

0.1%

0.8%

0.0%

100.0%

Assets of operations classified as held for sale

-

-

-

-

-

Total (excluding assets held for sale)

21,164

26

170

2

21,362

Total % (excluding assets held for sale)

99.1%

0.1%

0.8%

0.0%

100.0%

2015 Total

18,793

33

135

3

18,964

2015 Total %

99.1%

0.2%

0.7%

0.0%

100.0%

The value of the Group's loan portfolio (including Policyholder, Participating Fund and Shareholder assets) excluding assets held for sale at 31 December 2016 stood at £24.8 billion (2015: £22.4 billion), an increase of £2.4 billion.

The total shareholder exposure to loans was £21.4 billion (2015: £19.0 billion) and represented 86% of the total loan portfolio, with the remaining 14% mainly held in participating funds (£2.4 billion (2015: £3.4 billion)) with £1.0 billion (2015: £nil) in policyholder assets.

Of the Group's total loan portfolio excluding assets held for sale (including Policyholder, Participating Fund and Shareholder assets), 74% (2015: 77%) is invested in mortgage loans.

Primary Healthcare, Infrastructure and PFI other loans included within shareholder assets are £2.5 billion (2015: £1.2 billion) and are secured against the income from healthcare and educational premises.

Mortgage loans - Shareholder assets

2016

Total
£m

Non-securitised mortgage loans

 

- Residential (Equity release)

730

- Commercial

6,651

- Healthcare, Infrastructure & PFI mortgage loans

3,336

 

10,717

Securitised mortgage loans

7,416

Total

18,133

Assets of operations classified as held for sale

-

Total (excluding assets held for sale)

18,133

2015 Total

16,954

The Group's mortgage loan portfolio is mainly focused in the UK, across various sectors, including residential loans, commercial loans and government supported healthcare loans. Aviva's shareholder exposure to mortgage loans accounts for 85% of total shareholder asset loans. This section focuses on explaining the shareholder risk within these exposures.

United Kingdom & Ireland

(Non-securitised mortgage loans)

Residential

The UK non-securitised residential mortgage portfolio has a total value at the end of 2016 of £0.7 billion (2015: £4.8 billion). During 2016 £4.6 billion of loans were transferred from non-securitised residential loans to securitised residential mortgage loans as a UK subsidiary, Aviva Annuity UK Limited, securitised £4,614 million of equity release mortgages by transferring them to a wholly owned subsidiary, Aviva ERFA 15 UK Limited in exchange for £4,586 million of loan notes.

The remaining movement in the year is due to £0.5 billion of net new loans and accrued interest (net of redemptions). Fair value movements were less than £0.1 billion.

These mortgages are all in the form of equity release, whereby homeowners mortgage their property to release cash equity. Due to the structure of equity release mortgages, whereby interest amounts due are not paid in cash but instead rolled into the amount outstanding, they predominantly have a current Loan to Value ('LTV') of below 70%. The average LTV across the portfolio is 35.2% (2015: 26.8%). The change from prior year reflects the change in portfolio mix following the transfer, as outlined above.

 

 

 

 

Page 108

 

 

D3 - Analysis of asset quality continued

D3.2 - Loans continued

Commercial

Gross exposure by loan to value and arrears is shown in the table below.

Shareholder assets

2016

>120%
£m

115-120% £m

110-115% £m

105-110% £m

100-105% £m

95-100% £m

90-95% £m

80-90% £m

70-80% £m

<70%
£m

Total
£m

Not in arrears

-

-

-

-

10

-

329

281

759

5,272

6,651

0 - 3 months

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

3 - 6 months

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

6 - 12 months

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

> 12 months

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Total

-

-

-

-

10

-

329

281

759

5,272

6,651

Of the £6.7 billion (2015: £6.4 billion) of UK non-securitised commercial mortgage loans in the shareholder fund held by our UK Life business, £6.4 billion are used to back annuity liabilities and are stated on a fair value basis. The loan exposures for our UK Life business are calculated on a discounted cash flow basis, and include a risk adjustment through the use of Credit Risk Adjusted Value ('CRAV') methods.

For commercial mortgages loan service collection ratios, a key indicator of mortgage portfolio performance, improved to 1.89x (2015: 1.78x). Loan Interest Cover ('LIC'), which is defined as the annual net rental income (including rental deposits and less ground rent) divided by the annual loan interest service, also improved to 2.18x (2015: 2.05x). Average mortgage LTV decreased by 3pp compared to 2015 from 61% to 58% (CRAV). The value of loans in arrears included within our shareholder assets is £0.1 million (2015: £9 million).

Commercial mortgages and Healthcare, Infrastructure & PFI loans are held at fair value on the asset side of the statement of financial position. Insurance liabilities are valued using a discount rate derived from gross yield on assets, with adjustments to allow for risk. £10.9 billion of shareholder loan assets are backing annuity liabilities and comprise of commercial mortgage loans (£6.4 billion), Healthcare, Infrastructure and PFI mortgage loans (£3.3 billion) and Primary Healthcare, Infrastructure and PFI other loans (£1.2 billion). The Group carries a valuation allowance within the liabilities against the risk of default of commercial mortgages, including Healthcare and PFI mortgages, of £0.5 billion which equates to 50 bps at 31 December 2016 (2015: 59 bps). The total valuation allowance held by Aviva Annuity UK Limited in respect of corporate bonds and mortgages, including Healthcare and PFI mortgages is £1.3 billion (2015: £1.5 billion) over the remaining term of the UK Life corporate bond and mortgage portfolio. The valuation allowance for Friends Life Limited in respect of corporate bonds was £0.5 billion (2015: £0.7 billion).

The UK portfolio remains well diversified in terms of property type, location and tenants as well as the spread of loans written over time. The risks in commercial mortgages are addressed through several layers of protection with the mortgage risk profile being primarily driven by the ability of the underlying tenant rental income to cover loan interest and amortisation. Should any single tenant default on their rental payment, rental from other tenants backing the same loan often ensures the loan interest cover does not fall below 1.0x. Where there are multiple loans to a single borrower further protection may be achieved through cross-charging (or pooling) such that any single loan is also supported by rents received within other pool loans. Additionally, there may be support provided by the borrower of the loan itself and further loss mitigation from any general floating charge held over assets within the borrower companies.

If the LIC cover falls below 1.0x and the borrower defaults then Aviva still retains the option of selling the security or restructuring the loans and benefiting from the protection of the collateral. A combination of these benefits and the high recovery levels afforded by property collateral (compared to corporate debt or other uncollateralised credit exposures) results in the economic exposure being significantly lower than the gross exposure reported above. We will continue to actively manage this position. 

Healthcare

Primary Healthcare, Infrastructure and PFI mortgage loans included within shareholder assets of £3.3 billion (2015: £3.3 billion) are secured against primary health care premises (including General Practitioner surgeries), education, social housing and emergency services related premises. For all such loans, Government support is provided through either direct funding or reimbursement of rental payments to the tenants to meet income service and provide for the debt to be reduced substantially over the term of the loan. Although the loan principal is not Government guaranteed, the nature of these businesses and premises provides considerable comfort of an ongoing business model and low risk of default.

On a market value basis, we estimate the average LTV of these mortgages to be 74% (2015: 75%), although as explained above, we do not consider this to be a key risk indicator. Income support from the Government bodies and the social need for these premises provide sustained income stability. Aviva therefore considers these loans to be lower risk relative to other mortgage loans.

Securitised mortgage loans

Securitised residential mortgages held are predominantly issued through vehicles in the UK.

As at 31 December 2016, the Group has £7.4 billion (2015: £2.5 billion) securitised mortgage loans of which £2.4 billion (2015: £2.5 billion) are externally securitised. Funding for the externally securitised residential mortgage assets was obtained by issuing loan note securities. Of these loan notes approximately £217 million (2015: £256million) are held by Group companies. The remainder is held by third parties external to Aviva. As any cash shortfall arising once all mortgages have redeemed is borne by the loan note holders, the majority of the credit risk of these mortgages is borne by third parties.

As outlined above, during 2016 £4.6 billion of non-securitised residential loans were securitised internally through the issuance of loan notes. These mortgages are all in the form of equity release, whereby homeowners mortgage their property to release cash equity. Due to the structure of equity release mortgages, whereby interest amounts due are not paid in cash but instead rolled into the amount outstanding, they predominantly have a current Loan to Value ('LTV') of below 70%. The average LTV across the internally securitised mortgage loans is 23.4%.

 

 

 

 

Page 109

 

 

D3 - Analysis of asset quality continued

D3.3 - Financial investments

 

 

 

 

2016

 

 

 

2015

Financial Investments - Total

Cost/ amortised cost
£m

Unrealised gains
£m

Impairment and unrealised losses
 £m

Fair value £m

Cost/ amortised cost £m

Unrealised gains
£m

Impairment and unrealised losses
£m

Fair value
£m

Debt securities

168,075

16,408

(1,209)

183,274

155,247

10,864

(3,147)

162,964

Equity securities

57,268

13,214

(1,470)

69,012

60,124

7,663

(4,229)

63,558

Other investments

49,199

9,035

21

58,255

44,263

5,005

(1,573)

47,695

Total

274,542

38,657

(2,658)

310,541

259,634

23,532

(8,949)

274,217

Assets of operations classified as held for sale

9,872

865

(31)

10,706

-

-

-

-

Total (excluding assets held for sale)

264,670

37,792

(2,627)

299,835

259,634

23,532

(8,949)

274,217

Aviva holds large quantities of debt securities in the form of high quality bonds, primarily to match our liability to make guaranteed payments to policyholders. Some credit risk is taken, partly to increase returns to policyholders and partly to optimise the risk/return profile for shareholders. The risks are consistent with the products we offer and the related investment mandates, and are in line with our risk appetite.

The Group also holds equities, the majority of which are held in participating funds and policyholder funds, where they form an integral part of the investment expectations of policyholders and follow well-defined investment mandates. Some equities are also held in shareholder funds. The vast majority of equity investments are valued at quoted market prices and therefore classified as Level 1. Refer to D3.3.2 for further analysis of equities.

Other investments include investments such as unit trusts, derivative financial instruments and deposits with credit institutions. For further analysis, see D3.3.3.

D3.3.1 - Debt securities

 

Fair value hierarchy

 

Debt securities - Total 2016

Level 1
£m

Level 2
 £m

Level 3
£m

Total
 £m

UK Government

28,151

2,441

160

30,752

Non-UK government

36,329

13,445

2,631

52,405

Europe

31,124

7,571

2,437

41,132

North America

1,193

3,562

194

4,949

Asia Pacific & Other

4,012

2,312

-

6,324

Corporate bonds - Public utilities

4,047

7,117

508

11,672

Corporate convertible bonds

180

-

-

180

Other Corporate bonds

29,037

34,221

11,751

75,009

Other

4,980

6,010

2,266

13,256

Total

102,724

63,234

17,316

183,274

Total %

56.1%

34.5%

9.4%

100.0%

Assets of operations classified as held for sale

6,622

247

869

7,738

Total (excluding assets held for sale)

96,102

62,987

16,447

175,536

Total % (excluding assets held for sale)

54.7%

35.9%

9.4%

100.0%

2015 Total

89,158

59,203

14,603

162,964

2015 Total %

54.7%

36.3%

9.0%

100.0%

 

 

Fair value hierarchy

 

Debt securities - Policyholders assets 2016

Level 1
 £m

Level 2
£m

Level 3
 £m

Total
£m

UK Government

7,559

31

-

7,590

Non-UK government

4,217

947

2

5,166

Europe

1,319

585

1

1,905

North America

637

326

1

964

Asia Pacific & Other

2,261

36

-

2,297

Corporate bonds - Public utilities

75

728

3

806

Corporate convertible bonds

-

-

-

-

Other Corporate bonds

4,177

5,836

797

10,810

Other

1,493

1,182

1

2,676

Total

17,521

8,724

803

27,048

Total %

64.7%

32.3%

3.0%

100.0%

Assets of operations classified as held for sale

258

-

223

481

Total (excluding assets held for sale)

17,263

8,724

580

26,567

Total % (excluding assets held for sale)

65.0%

32.8%

2.2%

100.0%

2015 Total

14,931

8,460

631

24,022

2015 Total %

62.2%

35.2%

2.6%

100.0%

 

 

 

 

Page 110

 

 

D3 - Analysis of asset quality continued

D3.3 - Financial investments continued

D3.3.1 - Debt securities continued

 

Fair value hierarchy

 

Debt securities - Participating fund assets 2016

Level 1
£m

Level 2
£m

Level 3
£m

Total
£m

UK Government

10,571

1,040

41

11,652

Non-UK government

28,877

5,131

1,858

35,866

Europe

26,665

3,223

1,858

31,746

North America

534

32

-

566

Asia Pacific & Other

1,678

1,876

-

3,554

Corporate bonds - Public utilities

3,787

1,346

13

5,146

Corporate convertible bonds

180

-

-

180

Other Corporate bonds

23,545

11,744

6,497

41,786

Other

3,201

2,809

1,871

7,881

Total

70,161

22,070

10,280

102,511

Total %

68.5%

21.5%

10.0%

100.0%

Assets of operations classified as held for sale

6,364

247

646

7,257

Total (excluding assets held for sale)

63,797

21,823

9,634

95,254

Total % (excluding assets held for sale)

67.0%

22.9%

10.1%

100.0%

2015 Total

61,357

20,784

8,865

91,006

2015 Total %

67.4%

22.8%

9.8%

100.0%

 

 

Fair value hierarchy

 

Debt securities - Shareholder assets 2016

Level 1
£m

Level 2
 £m

Level 3
£m

Total
£m

UK Government

10,021

1,370

119

11,510

Non-UK government

3,235

7,367

771

11,373

Europe

3,140

3,763

578

7,481

North America

22

3,204

193

3,419

Asia Pacific & Other

73

400

-

473

Corporate bonds - Public utilities

185

5,043

492

5,720

Corporate convertible bonds

-

-

-

-

Other Corporate bonds

1,315

16,641

4,457

22,413

Other

286

2,019

394

2,699

Total

15,042

32,440

6,233

53,715

Total %

28.0%

60.4%

11.6%

100.0%

Assets of operations classified as held for sale

-

-

-

-

Total (excluding assets held for sale)

15,042

32,440

6,233

53,715

Total % (excluding assets held for sale)

28.0%

60.4%

11.6%

100.0%

2015 Total

12,870

29,959

5,107

47,936

2015 Total %

26.8%

62.5%

10.7%

100.0%

 

Within the shareholder assets 28.0% (2015: 26.8%) of exposure to debt securities is based on quoted prices in an active market and are therefore classified as fair value level 1.

Within the shareholder assets 60.4% (2015: 62.5%) of exposure to debt securities is based on inputs other than quoted prices and are observable for the asset or liability, either directly or indirectly and are therefore classified as fair value level 2.

Within the shareholder assets 11.6% (2015: 10.7%) of exposure to debt securities is fair valued using models with significant unobservable market parameters (classified as fair value level 3). Where estimates are used, these are based on a combination of independent third party evidence and internally developed models, calibrated to market observable data where possible.

 

 

 

 

 

Page 111

 

 

D3 - Analysis of asset quality continued

D3.3 - Financial investments continued

D3.3.1 - Debt securities continued

 

External ratings

 

 

Debt securities - Total 2016

AAA
 £m

AA
 £m

A
 £m

BBB
 £m

Less than BBB
 £m

Non-rated £m

Total
 £m

Government

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

UK Government

-

30,603

61

-

-

69

30,733

UK local authorities

-

-

-

-

-

19

19

Non-UK Government

10,769

21,206

5,442

13,011

927

1,050

52,405

 

10,769

51,809

5,503

13,011

927

1,138

83,157

Corporate

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Public utilities

3

367

4,847

5,726

337

392

11,672

Convertibles and bonds with warrants

-

-

-

180

-

-

180

Other corporate bonds

8,979

8,990

21,847

22,237

6,329

6,627

75,009

 

8,982

9,357

26,694

28,143

6,666

7,019

86,861

Certificates of deposits

-

298

637

9

88

-

1,032

Structured

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

RMBS1 non-agency ALT A

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

RMBS1 non-agency prime

40

70

90

25

41

-

266

RMBS1 agency

64

-

-

-

-

-

64

 

104

70

90

25

41

-

330

CMBS2

382

153

108

77

-

2

722

ABS3

136

669

577

235

53

9

1,679

CDO (including CLO)4

416

-

-

-

-

-

416

ABCP5

-

-

-

2

-

-

2

 

934

822

685

314

53

11

2,819

Wrapped credit

-

22

559

81

65

47

774

Other

57

91

664

2,739

2,983

1,767

8,301

Total

20,846

62,469

34,832

44,322

10,823

9,982

183,274

Total %

11.4%

34.1%

19.0%

24.2%

5.9%

5.4%

100.0%

Assets of operations classified as held for sale

1,101

2,505

1,550

1,710

369

503

7,738

Total (excluding assets held for sale)

19,745

59,964

33,282

42,612

10,454

9,479

175,536

Total % (excluding assets held for sale)

11.2%

34.2%

18.9%

24.3%

6.0%

5.4%

100.0%

2015 Total

20,198

60,916

32,197

34,650

6,509

8,494

162,964

2015 Total %

12.4%

37.4%

19.8%

21.2%

4.0%

5.2%

100.0%

1    RMBS - Residential Mortgage Backed Security

2    CMBS - Commercial Mortgage Backed Security

3    ABS - Asset Backed Security

4    CDO - Collateralised Debt Obligation, CLO - Collateralised Loan Obligation

5    ABCP - Asset Backed Commercial Paper

 

 

 

 

Page 112

 

 

D3 - Analysis of asset quality continued

D3.3 - Financial investments continued

D3.3.1 - Debt securities continued

 

External ratings

 

 

Debt securities - Policyholders assets 2016

AAA
£m

AA
£m

A
£m

BBB
 £m

Less than BBB
 £m

Non-rated £m

Total
£m

Government

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

UK Government

-

7,590

-

-

-

-

7,590

UK local authorities

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Non-UK Government

659

266

1,325

1,824

407

685

5,166

 

659

7,856

1,325

1,824

407

685

12,756

Corporate

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Public utilities

-

4

301

447

54

-

806

Convertibles and bonds with warrants

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Other corporate bonds

250

668

2,325

2,992

2,821

1,754

10,810

 

250

672

2,626

3,439

2,875

1,754

11,616

Certificates of deposits

-

298

637

-

41

-

976

Structured

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

RMBS1 non-agency ALT A

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

RMBS1 non-agency prime

-

1

13

1

7

-

22

RMBS1 agency

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

 

-

1

13

1

7

-

22

CMBS2

13

11

1

19

-

-

44

ABS3

12

21

41

43

-

-

117

CDO (including CLO)4

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

ABCP5

-

-

-

2

-

-

2

 

25

32

42

64

-

-

163

Wrapped credit

-

-

15

7

-

-

22

Other

9

15

96

442

483

448

1,493

Total

943

8,874

4,754

5,777

3,813

2,887

27,048

Total %

3.5%

32.8%

17.6%

21.4%

14.0%

10.7%

100.0%

Assets of operations classified as held for sale

2

3

20

92

100

264

481

Total (excluding assets held for sale)

941

8,871

4,734

5,685

3,713

2,623

26,567

Total % (excluding assets held for sale)

3.5%

33.4%

17.8%

21.4%

14.0%

9.9%

100.0%

2015 Total

975

11,852

4,045

3,485

1,907

1,758

24,022

2015 Total %

4.1%

49.3%

16.8%

14.5%

8.0%

7.3%

100.0%

1    RMBS - Residential Mortgage Backed Security

2    CMBS - Commercial Mortgage Backed Security

3    ABS - Asset Backed Security

4    CDO - Collateralised Debt Obligation, CLO - Collateralised Loan Obligation

5    ABCP - Asset Backed Commercial Paper

 

 

 

 

Page 113

 

 

D3 - Analysis of asset quality continued

D3.3 - Financial investments continued

D3.3.1 - Debt securities continued

 

External ratings

 

 

Debt securities - Participating fund assets 2016

AAA
£m

AA
£m

A
 £m

BBB
£m

Less than BBB
 £m

Non-rated £m

Total
 £m

Government

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

UK Government

-

11,644

-

-

-

7

11,651

UK local authorities

-

-

-

-

-

1

1

Non-UK Government

5,466

16,786

2,828

9,917

517

352

35,866

 

5,466

28,430

2,828

9,917

517

360

47,518

Corporate

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Public utilities

3

156

1,481

3,170

253

83

5,146

Convertibles and bonds with warrants

-

-

-

180

-

-

180

Other corporate bonds

6,554

4,882

10,883

13,691

3,197

2,579

41,786

 

6,557

5,038

12,364

17,041

3,450

2,662

47,112

Certificates of deposits

-

-

-

7

37

-

44

Structured

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

RMBS1 non-agency ALT A

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

RMBS1 non-agency prime

12

40

55

-

18

-

125

RMBS1 agency

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

 

12

40

55

-

18

-

125

CMBS2

106

31

52

57

-

1

247

ABS3

-

177

202

153

19

-

551

CDO (including CLO)4

409

-

-

-

-

-

409

ABCP5

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

 

515

208

254

210

19

1

1,207

Wrapped credit

-

10

111

26

7

-

154

Other

46

73

478

2,179

2,382

1,193

6,351

Total

12,596

33,799

16,090

29,380

6,430

4,216

102,511

Total %

12.3%

33.0%

15.7%

28.6%

6.3%

4.1%

100.0%

Assets of operations classified as held for sale

1,099

2,502

1,530

1,618

269

239

7,257

Total (excluding assets held for sale)

11,497

31,297

14,560

27,762

6,161

3,977

95,254

Total % (excluding assets held for sale)

12.1%

32.8%

15.3%

29.1%

6.5%

4.2%

100.0%

2015 Total

12,453

32,793

15,007

22,818

3,911

4,024

91,006

2015 Total %

13.7%

36.0%

16.5%

25.1%

4.3%

4.4%

100.0%

1    RMBS - Residential Mortgage Backed Security

2    CMBS - Commercial Mortgage Backed Security

3    ABS - Asset Backed Security

4    CDO - Collateralised Debt Obligation, CLO - Collateralised Loan Obligation

5    ABCP - Asset Backed Commercial Paper

 

 

 

 

Page 114

 

 

D3 - Analysis of asset quality continued

D3.3 - Financial investments continued

D3.3.1 - Debt securities continued

 

External ratings

 

 

Debt securities - Shareholder assets 2016

AAA
£m

AA
 £m

A
 £m

BBB
 £m

Less than BBB
£m

Non-rated £m

Total
 £m

Government

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

UK Government

-

11,369

61

-

-

62

11,492

UK local authorities

-

-

-

-

-

18

18

Non-UK Government

4,644

4,154

1,289

1,270

3

13

11,373

 

4,644

15,523

1,350

1,270

3

93

22,883

Corporate

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Public utilities

-

207

3,065

2,109

30

309

5,720

Convertibles and bonds with warrants

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Other corporate bonds

2,175

3,440

8,639

5,554

311

2,294

22,413

 

2,175

3,647

11,704

7,663

341

2,603

28,133

Certificates of deposits

-

-

-

2

10

-

12

Structured

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

RMBS1 non-agency ALT A

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

RMBS1 non-agency prime

28

29

22

24

16

-

119

RMBS1 agency

64

-

-

-

-

-

64

 

92

29

22

24

16

-

183

CMBS2

263

111

55

1

-

1

431

ABS3

124

471

334

39

34

9

1,011

CDO (including CLO)4

7

-

-

-

-

-

7

ABCP5

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

 

394

582

389

40

34

10

1,449

Wrapped credit

-

12

433

48

58

47

598

Other

2

3

90

118

118

126

457

Total

7,307

19,796

13,988

9,165

580

2,879

53,715

Total %

13.6%

36.8%

26.0%

17.1%

1.1%

5.4%

100.0%

Assets of operations classified as held for sale

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Total (excluding assets held for sale)

7,307

19,796

13,988

9,165

580

2,879

53,715

Total % (excluding assets held for sale)

13.6%

36.8%

26.0%

17.1%

1.1%

5.4%

100.0%

2015 Total

6,770

16,271

13,145

8,347

691

2,712

47,936

2015 Total %

14.1%

34.0%

27.4%

17.4%

1.4%

5.7%

100.0%

1    RMBS - Residential Mortgage Backed Security

2    CMBS - Commercial Mortgage Backed Security

3    ABS - Asset Backed Security

4    CDO - Collateralised Debt Obligation, CLO - Collateralised Loan Obligation

5    ABCP - Asset Backed Commercial Paper

Within shareholder assets debt securities, 43% of exposure is in government holdings (2015: 39%). Our corporate debt securities portfolio represents 52% of total shareholder debt securities (2015: 55%). At 31 December 2016, the proportion of our shareholder debt securities that are investment grade increased to 93.5% (2015: 92.9%). The remaining 6.5% of shareholder debt securities that do not have an external rating of BBB or higher can be split as follows:

· 1.1% are debt securities that are rated as below investment grade;

· 5.4% are not rated by the major rating agencies.

The majority of non-rated corporate bonds are held by our businesses in the UK. Of the securities not rated by an external agency most are allocated an internal rating using a methodology largely consistent with that adopted by an external rating agency, and are considered to be of investment grade credit quality; these include £2.3 billion (2015: £2.5 billion) of debt securities held in our UK Life business, predominantly made up of private placements and other corporate bonds, which have been internally rated as investment grade.

The Group has limited shareholder exposure to CDOs, CLOs and 'Sub-prime' debt securities.

Out of the total asset backed securities (ABS), £948 million (2015: £1,023 million) are held by the UK Life business. The Group's shareholder holdings in ABS are investment grade of 95.7% (2015: 95.3%). ABS that either have a rating below BBB or are not rated represent approximately 0.1% of shareholder exposure to debt securities (2015: 0.1%)

 

 

 

 

 

Page 115

 

D3 - Analysis of asset quality continued

D3.3.2 - Equity securities

 

 

 

 

2016

 

 

 

2015

 

Fair value hierarchy

 

Fair value hierarchy

 

Equity securities - Total assets

Level 1
 £m

Level 2
 £m

Level 3
 £m

Total
£m

Level 1
 £m

Level 2
 £m

Level 3
£m

Total
£m

Public utilities

4,328

-

-

4,328

3,364

-

3

3,367

Banks, trusts and insurance companies

15,203

-

190

15,393

13,893

-

133

14,026

Industrial miscellaneous and all other

48,263

-

723

48,986

45,164

-

800

45,964

Non-redeemable preferred shares

305

-

-

305

201

-

-

201

Total

68,099

-

913

69,012

62,622

-

936

63,558

Total %

98.7%

-

1.3%

100.0%

98.5%

-

1.5%

100.0%

Assets of operations classified as held for sale

664

-

-

664

-

-

-

-

Total (excluding assets held for sale)

67,435

-

913

68,348

62,622

-

936

63,558

Total % (excluding assets held for sale)

98.7%

-

1.3%

100.0%

98.5%

-

1.5%

100.0%

 

 

 

 

 

2016

 

 

 

2015

 

Fair value hierarchy

 

Fair value hierarchy

 

Equity securities - Policyholder assets

Level 1
 £m

Level 2
 £m

Level 3
 £m

Total
£m

Level 1
 £m

Level 2
 £m

Level 3
 £m

Total
 £m

Public utilities

3,448

-

-

3,448

2,674

-

-

2,674

Banks, trusts and insurance companies

11,518

-

5

11,523

10,603

-

-

10,603

Industrial miscellaneous and all other

37,490

-

19

37,509

34,062

-

25

34,087

Non-redeemable preferred shares

91

-

-

91

30

-

-

30

Total

52,547

-

24

52,571

47,369

-

25

47,394

Total %

100.0%

-

-

100.0%

99.9%

-

0.1%

100.0%

Assets of operations classified as held for sale

8

-

-

8

-

-

-

-

Total (excluding assets held for sale)

52,539

-

24

52,563

47,369

-

25

47,394

Total % (excluding assets held for sale)

100.0%

-

-

100.0%

99.9%

-

0.1%

100.0%

 

 

 

 

 

2016

 

 

 

2015

 

Fair value hierarchy

 

Fair value hierarchy

 

Equity securities - Participating fund assets

Level 1
£m

Level 2
£m

Level 3
£m

Total
£m

Level 1
 £m

Level 2
£m

Level 3
 £m

Total
 £m

Public utilities

874

-

-

874

685

-

3

688

Banks, trusts and insurance companies

3,560

-

104

3,664

3,173

-

97

3,270

Industrial miscellaneous and all other

10,536

-

689

11,225

10,899

-

763

11,662

Non-redeemable preferred shares

8

-

-

8

7

-

-

7

Total

14,978

-

793

15,771

14,764

-

863

15,627

Total %

95.0%

-

5.0%

100.0%

94.5%

-

5.5%

100.0%

Assets of operations classified as held for sale

656

-

-

656

-

-

-

-

Total (excluding assets held for sale)

14,322

-

793

15,115

14,764

-

863

15,627

Total % (excluding assets held for sale)

94.8%

-

5.2%

100.0%

94.5%

-

5.5%

100.0%

 

 

 

 

 

2016

 

 

 

2015

 

Fair value hierarchy

 

Fair value hierarchy

 

Equity securities - Shareholder assets

Level 1
£m

Level 2
 £m

Level 3
 £m

Total
£m

Level 1
£m

Level 2
 £m

Level 3
 £m

Total
£m

Public utilities

6

-

-

6

5

-

-

5

Banks, trusts and insurance companies

125

-

81

206

117

-

36

153

Industrial miscellaneous and all other

237

-

15

252

203

-

12

215

Non-redeemable preferred shares

206

-

-

206

164

-

-

164

Total

574

-

96

670

489

-

48

537

Total %

85.7%

-

14.3%

100.0%

91.1%

-

8.9%

100.0%

Assets of operations classified as held for sale

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Total (excluding assets held for sale)

574

-

96

670

489

-

48

537

Total % (excluding assets held for sale)

85.7%

-

14.3%

100.0%

91.1%

-

8.9%

100.0%

 

Within our total shareholder exposure to equity securities 85.7% is based on quoted prices in an active market and as such is classified as level 1 (2015: 91.1%).

 

 

 

 

Page 116

 

D3 - Analysis of asset quality continued

D3.3.3 - Other investments

 

 

 

 

2016

 

 

 

2015

 

Fair value hierarchy

 

Fair value hierarchy

 

Other investments - Total

Level 1
£m

Level 2
 £m

Level 3
£m

Total
 £m

Level 1
 £m

Level 2
 £m

Level 3
£m

Total
£m

Unit trusts and other investment vehicles

46,476

956

2,758

50,190

38,411

1,292

2,938

42,641

Derivative financial instruments

596

5,376

147

6,119

308

2,745

275

3,328

Deposits with credit institutions

325

-

-

325

460

-

-

460

Minority holdings in property management undertakings

-

27

1,159

1,186

-

20

940

960

Other

435

-

-

435

306

-

-

306

Total

47,832

6,359

4,064

58,255

39,485

4,057

4,153

47,695

Total %

82.1%

10.9%

7.0%

100.0%

82.8%

8.5%

8.7%

100.0%

Assets of operations classified as held for sale

2,122

119

63

2,304

-

-

-

-

Total (excluding assets held for sale)

45,710

6,240

4,001

55,951

39,485

4,057

4,153

47,695

Total % (excluding assets held for sale)

81.6%

11.2%

7.2%

100.0%

82.8%

8.5%

8.7%

100.0%

 

 

 

 

 

2016

 

 

 

2015

 

Fair value hierarchy

 

Fair value hierarchy

 

Other investments - Policyholder assets

Level 1
 £m

Level 2
 £m

Level 3
 £m

Total
 £m

Level 1
 £m

Level 2
 £m

Level 3
 £m

Total
£m

Unit trusts and other investment vehicles

42,097

853

1,692

44,642

36,037

1,205

1,760

39,002

Derivative financial instruments

63

32

-

95

28

24

-

52

Deposits with credit institutions

294

-

-

294

327

-

-

327

Minority holdings in property management undertakings

-

-

172

172

-

-

114

114

Other

427

-

-

427

300

-

-

300

Total

42,881

885

1,864

45,630

36,692

1,229

1,874

39,795

Total %

94.0%

1.9%

4.1%

100.0%

92.2%

3.1%

4.7%

100.0%

Assets of operations classified as held for sale

1,876

85

39

2,000

-

-

-

-

Total (excluding assets held for sale)

41,005

800

1,825

43,630

36,692

1,229

1,874

39,795

Total % (excluding assets held for sale)

94.0%

1.8%

4.2%

100.0%

92.2%

3.1%

4.7%

100.0%

 

 

 

 

 

2016

 

 

 

2015

 

Fair value hierarchy

 

Fair value hierarchy

 

Other investments - Participating fund assets

Level 1
£m

Level 2
£m

Level 3
 £m

Total
£m

Level 1
£m

Level 2
£m

Level 3
 £m

Total
 £m

Unit trusts and other investment vehicles

3,038

94

1,032

4,164

1,633

80

1,139

2,852

Derivative financial instruments

492

3,508

102

4,102

189

1,857

216

2,262

Deposits with credit institutions

28

-

-

28

28

-

-

28

Minority holdings in property management undertakings

-

-

825

825

-

-

597

597

Other

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Total

3,558

3,602

1,959

9,119

1,850

1,937

1,952

5,739

Total %

39.0%

39.5%

21.5%

100.0%

32.2%

33.8%

34.0%

100.0%

Assets of operations classified as held for sale

246

34

24

304

-

-

-

-

Total (excluding assets held for sale)

3,312

3,568

1,935

8,815

1,850

1,937

1,952

5,739

Total % (excluding assets held for sale)

37.5%

40.5%

22.0%

100.0%

32.2%

33.8%

34.0%

100.0%

 

 

 

 

 

2016

 

 

 

2015

 

Fair value hierarchy

 

Fair value hierarchy

 

Other investments - Shareholders assets

Level 1
 £m

Level 2
 £m

Level 3
£m

Total
 £m

Level 1
£m

Level 2
 £m

Level 3
 £m

Total
 £m

Unit trusts and other investment vehicles

1,341

9

34

1,384

741

7

39

787

Derivative financial instruments

41

1,836

45

1,922

91

864

59

1,014

Deposits with credit institutions

3

-

-

3

105

-

-

105

Minority holdings in property management undertakings

-

27

162

189

-

20

229

249

Other

8

-

-

8

6

-

-

6

Total

1,393

1,872

241

3,506

943

891

327

2,161

Total %

39.7%

53.4%

6.9%

100.0%

43.7%

41.2%

15.1%

100.0%

Assets of operations classified as held for sale

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Total (excluding assets held for sale)

1,393

1,872

241

3,506

943

891

327

2,161

Total % (excluding assets held for sale)

39.7%

53.4%

6.9%

100.0%

43.7%

41.2%

15.1%

100.0%

The unit trusts and other investment vehicles invest in a variety of assets, which can include cash equivalents, debt, equity and property securities. Total shareholder other investments classified as level 2 increased during 2016 to 53.4% (2015: 41.2%), primarily due to increases in derivative financial instruments. Total shareholder other investments classified as level 3 have decreased during 2016 to 6.9% (2015: 15.1%), primarily due to disposals in minority holdings in property management undertakings.

In total 93.1% (2015: 84.9%) of total shareholder other investments are classified as level 1 or 2 in the fair value hierarchy.

 

 

 

 

Page 117

 

D3 - Analysis of asset quality continued

D3.3.4 - Available for sale investments - Impairments and duration and amount of unrealised losses

The impairment expense during 2016 relating to AFS debt securities and other investments was £nil (2015: £nil) and £nil (2015: £nil) respectively.

Total unrealised losses on AFS debt securities, equity securities and other investments at 31 December 2016 was £2 million (2015: £1 million), £nil (2015: £nil) and £nil (2015: £nil) respectively.

 

0 - 6 months

 7 - 12 months

more than 12 months

Total

2016

Fair value1

£m

Gross
unrealised £m

Fair value1

£m

Gross
unrealised £m

Fair value1

£m

Gross
unrealised £m

Fair value1

£m

Gross
unrealised £m

Less than 20% loss position:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Debt securities

-

-

6

-

73

(2)

79

(2)

Equity securities

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Other investments

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

 

-

-

6

-

73

(2)

79

(2)

20%-50% loss position:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Debt securities

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Equity securities

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Other investments

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

 

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Greater than 50% loss position:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Debt securities

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Equity securities

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Other investments

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

 

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Total

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Debt securities

-

-

6

-

73

(2)

79

(2)

Equity securities

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Other investments

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

 

-

-

6

-

73

(2)

79

(2)

Assets of operations classified as held for sale

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Total (excluding assets held for sale)

-

-

6

-

73

(2)

79

(2)

1    Only includes AFS securities that are in unrealised loss positions.

 

0 - 6 months

 7 - 12 months

more than 12 months

Total

2015

Fair value1

£m

Gross unrealised
£m

Fair value1

 £m

Gross unrealised
£m

Fair value1

£m

Gross unrealised
£m

Fair value1

£m

Gross unrealised
£m

Less than 20% loss position:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Debt securities

5

-

8

-

34

(1)

47

(1)

Equity securities

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Other investments

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

 

5

-

8

-

34

(1)

47

(1)

20%-50% loss position:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Debt securities

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Equity securities

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Other investments

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

 

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Greater than 50% loss position:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Debt securities

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Equity securities

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Other investments

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

 

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Total

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Debt securities

5

-

8

-

34

(1)

47

(1)

Equity securities

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Other investments

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

 

5

-

8

-

34

(1)

47

(1)

Assets of operations classified as held for sale

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Total (excluding assets held for sale)

5

-

8

-

34

(1)

47

(1)

1    Only includes AFS securities that are in unrealised loss positions.

 

 

 

 

Page 118

 

D3 - Analysis of asset quality continued

D3.3 - Financial investments continued

D3.3.5 - Exposures to peripheral European countries

Included in our debt securities and other financial assets are exposures to peripheral European countries. All of these assets are valued on a mark-to-market basis under IAS 39, and therefore our statement of financial position and income statement already reflect any reduction in value between the date of purchase and the balance sheet date. The significant majority of these holdings are within our participating funds where the risk to our shareholders is governed by the nature and extent of our participation within those funds.

Net of non-controlling interests, our direct shareholder and participating fund asset exposure to the government (and local authorities and agencies) of Italy is £5.8 billion (2015: £4.7 billion).

Direct sovereign exposures to Greece, Ireland, Portugal, Italy and Spain (net of non-controlling interests, excluding policyholder assets)

 

 

Participating

 

Shareholder

 

Total

 

2016
£bn

2015
 £bn

2016
£bn

2015
 £bn

2016
£bn

2015
 £bn

Greece

-

-

-

-

-

-

Ireland

0.7

0.6

0.1

0.1

0.8

0.7

Portugal

0.1

0.1

-

-

0.1

0.1

Italy

5.4

4.4

0.4

0.3

5.8

4.7

Spain

1.0

0.8

0.4

0.4

1.4

1.2

Total Greece, Ireland, Portugal, Italy and Spain

7.2

5.9

0.9

0.8

8.1

6.7

Direct sovereign exposures to Greece, Ireland, Portugal, Italy and Spain (gross of non-controlling interests, excluding policyholder assets)

 

 

Participating

 

Shareholder

 

Total

 

2016
£bn

2015
£bn

2016
£bn

2015
£bn

2016
 £bn

2015
£bn

Greece

-

-

-

-

-

-

Ireland

0.7

0.6

0.1

0.1

0.8

0.7

Portugal

0.1

0.1

-

-

0.1

0.1

Italy

7.5

6.1

0.5

0.5

8.0

6.6

Spain

1.4

1.1

0.7

0.6

2.1

1.7

Total Greece, Ireland, Portugal, Italy and Spain

9.7

7.9

1.3

1.2

11.0

9.1

D3.3.6 - Non-UK Government debt securities (gross of non-controlling interests)

 

 

Policyholder

 

Participating

 

Shareholder

 

Total

Non-UK Government Debt Securities

2016
 £m

2015
£m

2016
 £m

2015
 £m

2016
 £m

2015
 £m

2016
 £m

2015
 £m

Austria

11

14

715

697

138

140

864

851

Belgium

21

34

1,273

1,195

357

166

1,651

1,395

France

115

139

13,285

10,673

1,859

1,846

15,259

12,658

Germany

142

145

1,629

1,470

606

590

2,377

2,205

Greece

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Ireland

3

12

662

595

130

100

795

707

Italy

223

319

7,500

6,090

556

442

8,279

6,851

Netherlands

47

31

976

1,156

329

302

1,352

1,489

Poland

807

559

769

689

384

399

1,960

1,647

Portugal

2

7

118

110

-

-

120

117

Spain

88

98

1,386

1,093

659

636

2,133

1,827

European Supranational debt

174

72

2,404

2,798

1,821

1,760

4,399

4,630

Other European countries

272

167

1,029

1,107

642

520

1,943

1,794

Europe

1,905

1,597

31,746

27,673

7,481

6,901

41,132

36,171

Canada

16

49

174

178

2,397

1,917

2,587

2,144

United States

948

323

392

100

1,022

409

2,362

832

North America

964

372

566

278

3,419

2,326

4,949

2,976

Singapore

2

16

904

762

330

264

1,236

1,042

Other

2,295

648

2,650

1,752

143

75

5,088

2,475

Asia Pacific and other

2,297

664

3,554

2,514

473

339

6,324

3,517

Total

5,166

2,633

35,866

30,465

11,373

9,566

52,405

42,664

Assets of operations classified as held for sale

-

-

2,325

-

-

-

2,325

-

Total (excluding assets held for sale)

5,166

2,633

33,541

30,465

11,373

9,566

50,080

42,664

At 31 December 2016, the Group's total government (non-UK) debt securities stood at £52.4 billion (2015: £42.7 billion). The significant majority of these holdings are within our participating funds where the risk to our shareholders is governed by the nature and extent of our participation within those funds.

Our direct shareholder asset exposure to government (non-UK) debt securities amounts to £11.4 billion (2015: £9.6 billion). The primary exposures, relative to total shareholder (non-UK) government debt exposure, are to Canadian (21%), French (16%), US (9%), Spanish (6%), German (5%) and Italian (5%) government debt securities.

 

 

 

 

Page 119

 

D3 - Analysis of asset quality continued

D3.3 - Financial investments continued

D3.3.6 - Non-UK Government debt securities (gross of non-controlling interests) continued

The participating funds exposure to (non-UK) government debt amounts to £35.9 billion (2015: £30.5 billion). The primary exposures, relative to total (non-UK) government debt exposures included within our participating funds, are to the (non-UK) government debt securities of France (37%), Italy (21%), Germany (5%), Belgium (4%), Spain (4%) and Netherlands (3%).

 

D3.3.7 - Exposure to worldwide bank debt securities

Direct shareholder and participating fund assets exposures to worldwide bank debt securities (net of non-controlling interests, excluding policyholder assets)

 

Shareholder assets

Participating fund assets

 

2016

Total
senior
debt
£bn

Total subordinated debt
£bn

Total
 debt
£bn

Total senior debt
 £bn

Total subordinated debt
£bn

Total
debt
£bn

Australia

0.3

-

0.3

0.8

0.3

1.1

Denmark

-

-

-

1.3

-

1.3

France

0.5

0.1

0.6

3.2

0.7

3.9

Germany

0.1

-

0.1

0.4

0.3

0.7

Ireland

-

-

-

-

-

-

Italy

0.1

-

0.1

0.2

-

0.2

Netherlands

0.3

0.2

0.5

1.4

0.3

1.7

Spain

0.7

-

0.7

0.6

0.1

0.7

Sweden

0.2

-

0.2

0.4

0.2

0.6

Switzerland

-

-

-

1.7

-

1.7

United Kingdom

1.4

0.5

1.9

1.6

1.0

2.6

United States

1.1

0.2

1.3

1.8

0.1

1.9

Other

0.7

0.2

0.9

1.4

0.1

1.5

Total

5.4

1.2

6.6

14.8

3.1

17.9

Assets of operations classified as held for sale

-

-

-

0.9

0.2

1.1

Total (excluding assets held for sale)

5.4

1.2

6.6

13.9

2.9

16.8

2015 Total

4.9

1.0

5.9

12.9

2.8

15.7

               

 

Net of non-controlling interests, our direct shareholder assets exposure to worldwide bank debt securities is £6.6 billion (2015: £5.9 billion). The majority of our holding (82%) is in senior debt. The primary exposures are to UK (29%), US (20%) and Spanish (11%) banks.

Net of non-controlling interests, the participating fund exposures to worldwide bank debt securities, where the risk to our shareholders is governed by the nature and extent of our participation within those funds, is £17.9 billion (2015: £15.7 billion). The majority of the exposure (83%) is in senior debt. Participating funds are the most exposed to French (22%), UK (15%) and US (11%) banks.

Direct shareholder and participating fund assets exposures to worldwide bank debt securities (gross of non-controlling interests, excluding policyholder assets)

 

Shareholder assets

Participating fund assets

2016

Total
 senior
debt
 £bn

Total subordinated debt
 £bn

Total
debt
£bn

Total
senior debt
£bn

Total subordinated debt
 £bn

Total
debt
£bn

Australia

0.3

-

0.3

0.9

0.3

1.2

Denmark

-

-

-

1.3

-

1.3

France

0.5

0.1

0.6

3.8

0.8

4.6

Germany

0.1

-

0.1

0.5

0.3

0.8

Ireland

-

-

-

-

-

-

Italy

0.1

-

0.1

0.2

-

0.2

Netherlands

0.3

0.2

0.5

1.5

0.3

1.8

Spain

0.8

-

0.8

0.7

0.1

0.8

Sweden

0.2

-

0.2

0.4

0.3

0.7

Switzerland

-

-

-

1.7

-

1.7

United Kingdom

1.4

0.5

1.9

1.7

1.0

2.7

United States

1.1

0.2

1.3

2.0

0.1

2.1

Other

0.7

0.2

0.9

1.5

0.1

1.6

5.5

1.2

6.7

16.2

3.3

19.5

Assets of operations classified as held for sale

-

-

-

1.7

0.5

2.2

Total (excluding assets held for sale)

5.5

1.2

6.7

14.5

2.8

17.3

2015 Total

5.0

1.0

6.0

14.2

2.9

17.1

 

Gross of non-controlling interests, our direct shareholder assets exposure to worldwide bank debt securities is £6.7 billion (2015: £6.0 billion). The majority of our holding (82%) is in senior debt. The primary exposures are to UK (28%), US (19%) and Spanish (12%) banks.

Gross of non-controlling interests, the participating fund exposures to worldwide bank debt securities, where the risk to our shareholders is governed by the nature and extent of our participation within those funds, is £19.5 billion (2015: £17.1 billion). The majority of the exposure (83%) is in senior debt. Participating funds are most exposed to French (24%), UK (14%) and US (11%) banks.

 

 

 

 

 

Page 120

 

 

D3 - Analysis of asset quality continued

D3.4 - Reinsurance assets

The Group assumes and cedes reinsurance in the normal course of business, with retention limits varying by line of business. Reinsurance assets primarily include balances due from both insurance and reinsurance companies for ceded insurance liabilities. Amounts recoverable from reinsurers are estimated in a manner consistent with the outstanding claims provisions or settled claims associated with the reinsured policies and in accordance with the relevant reinsurance contract.

If a reinsurance asset is impaired, the Group reduces the carrying amount accordingly and recognises that impairment loss in the income statement. A reinsurance asset is impaired if there is objective evidence, as a result of an event that occurred after initial recognition of the reinsurance asset, that the Group may not receive all amounts due to it under the terms of the contract, and the event has a reliably measurable impact on the amounts that the Group will receive from the reinsurer.

For the table below, reinsurance asset credit ratings are stated in accordance with information from leading rating agencies.

 

 

 

 

 

Ratings

 

 

Ratings 2016

AAA
£m

AA
£m

A
 £m

BBB
 £m

Less than BBB
 £m

Not rated £m

Total
 £m

Policyholders assets

-

17,531

751

-

-

243

18,525

Participating fund assets

-

650

10

4

-

-

664

Shareholder assets

-

6,427

928

10

-

200

7,565

Total

-

24,608

1,689

14

-

443

26,754

Total %

-

92.0%

6.3%

-

-

1.7%

100.0%

Assets of operations classified as held for sale

-

411

-

-

-

-

411

Total (excluding assets held for sale)

-

24,197

1,689

14

-

443

26,343

Total % (excluding assets held for sale)

-

91.9%

6.4%

-

-

1.7%

100.0%

2015 Total

28

18,432

1,675

-

-

783

20,918

2015 Total %

0.1%

88.2%

8.0%

-

-

3.7%

100.0%

D3.5 - Receivables and other financial assets

The credit quality of receivables and other financial assets is managed at the local business unit level. Where assets classed as 'past due and impaired' exceed local credit limits, and are also deemed at sufficiently high risk of default, an analysis of the asset is performed and a decision is made whether to seek sufficient collateral from the counterparty or to write down the value of the asset as impaired. At 2016, 99% (2015: 99%) of the receivables and other financial assets were neither past due nor impaired.

Credit terms vary from subsidiary to subsidiary, and from country to country, and are set locally within overall credit limits prescribed by the Group credit limit framework, and in line with the Group Credit Policy. The carrying value of receivables is reviewed at each reporting period. If the carrying value of a receivable or other financial asset is greater than the recoverable amount, the carrying value is reduced through a charge to the income statement in the period of impairment.

D3.6 - Cash and cash equivalents

Cash and cash equivalents consist of cash at banks and in hand, deposits held at call with banks, treasury bills and other short-term highly liquid investments that are readily convertible to known amounts of cash and which are subject to an insignificant risk of change in value. Such investments are normally those with less than three months maturity from the date of acquisition, and include certificates of deposit with maturities of less than three months at the date of issue.

 

 

 

 

Page 121

 

D4 - Pension fund assets

In addition to the assets recognised directly on the Group's statement of financial position outlined in the disclosures above, the Group is also exposed to the 'Scheme assets' that are shown net of the present value of scheme liabilities within the IAS 19 net pension surplus. Pension surpluses are included within other assets and pension deficits are recognised within provisions in the Group's consolidated statement of financial position. Refer to note B15 for details on the movements in the main schemes' surpluses and deficits.

Scheme assets are stated at their fair values. Total scheme assets are comprised in the UK, Ireland and Canada as follows:

 

 

 

 

2016

 

 

 

2015

 

UK
 £m

Ireland
 £m

Canada
 £m

Total
 £m

UK
£m

Ireland
 £m

Canada
 £m

Total
 £m

Bonds

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Fixed interest

7,085

249

151

7,485

5,542

216

133

5,891

Index-linked

11,469

157

-

11,626

5,758

114

-

5,872

Equities

71

-

-

71

70

-

-

70

Property

338

-

-

338

377

7

-

384

Pooled investment vehicles

3,433

200

96

3,729

2,904

143

96

3,143

Derivatives

86

1

-

87

96

-

-

96

Cash and other1

(3,046)

3

34

(3,009)

1,244

4

3

1,251

Total fair value of scheme assets

19,436

610

281

20,327

15,991

484

232

16,707

Less: consolidation elimination for non-transferable
Group insurance policy2

(633)

-

-

(633)

(546)

-

-

(546)

Total IAS 19 fair value of scheme assets

18,803

610

281

19,694

15,445

484

232

16,161

1   Cash and other assets comprise cash at bank, insurance policies, receivables, payables and repos. At 31 December 2016, repos of £4,666 million (2015: £nil) are included within cash and other assets.

2   The Friends Provident Pension Scheme (FPPS) assets are included in the UK balances. As at 31 December 2016, the FPPS's cash and other balances includes an insurance policy of £633 million (2015: £546 million) issued by a Group company that is not transferable under IAS 19 and is consequently eliminated from the Group's IAS 19 scheme assets.

Total scheme assets are analysed by those that have a quoted price in an active market and those that do not as follows:

 

 

 

2016

 

 

2015

 

Total
Quoted
£m

Total Unquoted
£m

Total
£m

Total
 Quoted
£m

Total
 Unquoted
£m

Total £m

Bonds

 

 

 

 

 

 

Fixed interest

3,697

3,788

7,485

2,796

3,095

5,891

Index-linked

11,141

485

11,626

5,436

436

5,872

Equities

71

-

71

70

-

70

Property

-

338

338

-

384

384

Pooled investment vehicles

189

3,540

3,729

291

2,852

3,143

Derivatives

70

17

87

6

90

96

Cash and other1

714

(3,723)

(3,009)

532

719

1,251

Total fair value of scheme assets

15,882

4,445

20,327

9,131

7,576

16,707

Less: consolidation elimination for non-transferable
Group insurance policy2

-

(633)

(633)

-

(546)

(546)

Total IAS 19 fair value of scheme assets

15,882

3,812

19,694

9,131

7,030

16,161

1   Cash and other assets comprise cash at bank, insurance policies, receivables, payables and repos. At 31 December 2016, repos of £4,666 million (2015: £nil) are included within cash and other assets.

2   The Friends Provident Pension Scheme (FPPS) assets are included in the UK balances. As at 31 December 2016, the FPPS's cash and other balances includes an insurance policy of £633 million (2015: £546 million) issued by a Group company that is not transferable under IAS 19 and is consequently eliminated from the Group's IAS 19 scheme assets.

Risk management and asset allocation strategy

The long-term investment objectives of the trustees and the employers are to limit the risk of the assets failing to meet the liabilities of the schemes over the long term, and to maximise returns consistent with an acceptable level of risk so as to control the long-term costs of these schemes. To meet these objectives, the schemes' assets are invested in a portfolio consisting primarily (approximately 75%3) of debt securities. The investment strategy will continue to evolve over time and is expected to match the liability profile increasingly closely with swap overlays to improve interest rate and inflation matching. The schemes are generally matched to interest rate risk relative to the funding basis.

Main UK Scheme

The Company works closely with the trustee, who is required to consult it on the investment strategy.

Interest rate and inflation risk are managed using a combination of liability-matching assets and swaps. Exposure to equity risk has been reducing over time and credit risk is managed within appetite. Currency risk is relatively small and is largely hedged. The other principal risk is longevity risk. This risk has reduced due to the Aviva Staff Pension Scheme entering into a longevity swap in 2014 covering approximately £5 billion of pensioner in payment scheme liabilities.

Other schemes

The other schemes are considerably less material but their risks are managed in a similar way to those in the main UK scheme. During 2015, the RAC pension scheme entered into a longevity swap covering approximately £600 million of pensioner in payment scheme liabilities.

 

 

3  Excluding repos of £4,666 million

 

 

 

 

Page 122

 

 

D5 - Available funds

To ensure access to liquidity as and when needed, the Group maintains £1.7 billion of undrawn committed central borrowing facilities with a range of leading international banks, all of which have investment grade credit ratings. These facilities are used to support the Group's commercial paper programme. The expiry profile of the undrawn committed central borrowing facilities is as follows:

 

2016
£m

2015
£m

Expiring within one year

-

575

Expiring beyond one year

1,650

1,075

Total

1,650

1,650

D6 - Guarantees

As a normal part of their operating activities, various Group companies have given guarantees and options, including investment return guarantees, in respect of certain long-term insurance and fund management products.

For the UK Life with-profits business, provisions in respect of these guarantees and options are calculated on a market consistent basis, in which stochastic models are used to evaluate the level of risk (and additional cost) under a number of economic scenarios, which allow for the impact of volatility in both interest rates and equity prices. For UK Life non-profit business, provisions do not materially differ from those determined on a market consistent basis.

In all other businesses, provisions for guarantees and options are calculated on a local basis with sensitivity analysis undertaken where appropriate to assess the impact on provisioning levels of a movement in interest rates and equity levels (typically a 1% decrease in interest rates and 10% decline in equity markets).

 

 

 

 

 

Page 123

 

VNB & Sales analysis

In this section

Page

E1

Sales, VNB and new business margin analysis

124

 

by market (MCEV basis)

 

E2

Trend analysis of VNB - cumulative

125

E3

Trend analysis of VNB - discrete

125

E4

Trend analysis of PVNBP - cumulative

126

E5

Trend analysis of PVNBP - discrete

126

E6

Trend analysis of PVNBP by product -

127

 

cumulative

 

E7

Trend analysis of PVNBP by product - discrete

127

E8

Geographical analysis of regular and single

128

 

premiums

 

E9

Trend analysis of Investment sales -

128

 

cumulative

 

E10

Trend analysis of Investment sales - discrete

128

E11

Trend analysis of general insurance and health

129

 

net written premiums - cumulative

 

E12

Trend analysis of general insurance and health

129

 

net written premiums - discrete

 

E13

Reconciliation of sales to net written

130

 

Premiums in IFRS

 

E14

Principal Assumptions underlying the

131

 

Calculation of VNB (on a MCEV basis)

 

 

 

 

 

 

Page 124

 

E1 - Sales, VNB and new business margin analysis by market (MCEV basis)

The table below sets out the present value of new business premiums (PVNBP) written by the life and related businesses, value generated by new business written during the period (VNB) and the resulting margin, gross of tax and non-controlling interests, on an MCEV basis. Following the introduction of the Solvency II regime on 1 January 2016, MCEV (which is calculated on the expired Solvency I basis) is no longer used as an indicator of the drivers of financial performance of the Group's in force Life and related businesses. However, PVNBP and VNB are still currently used alongside adjusted Solvency II VNB & PVNBP on a Solvency II basis to give insight to the relative volume and profitability of business written in the year compared to prior years. Adjusted Solvency II VNB is reported in note 4b of the overview section of this report and will be the new reported metric (along with PVNBP on a Solvency II basis) effective 1 January 2017. The MCEV VNB and MCEV PVNBP will be disclosed for the last time at 31 December 2016.

The VNB shown below is the present value of the projected stream of pre-tax distributable profit generated by the new business written during the period, including expected profit between the point the business is written and the valuation date on an MCEV basis. It reflects the additional value to shareholders created through the activity of writing new business including the impacts of interactions between in-force and new business. The VNB and PVNBP for 2016 include £3 million and £257 million respectively relating to the internal transfer of annuities from a with-profits fund to a non profit fund during the second half of 2016 in the UK. The methodology underlying the calculation of PVNBP and VNB (on an MCEV basis) remains unchanged from the prior year as set out in F1 of the Aviva 2015 MCEV report. The demographic assumptions have been updated to reflect the position as at 31 December 2016 and are materially the same as those used at 31 December 2015 as set out in F2 of the Aviva 2015 MCEV report. The economic assumptions have been updated to be those relevant at the point the business is written which has been implemented with the assumptions being taken as those appropriate to the start of each quarter. For contracts that are re-priced more frequently, weekly or monthly economic assumptions have been used. The principal economic assumptions are set out in E14.

 

 

Present value of new

business premiums1

Value of new business2

New business margin

Gross of tax and non-controlling interests

2016
£m

2015
£m

2016
£m

2015
 £m

2016
%

2015
%

United Kingdom3

18,092

16,236

671

609

3.7%

3.8%

Ireland

709

561

24

16

3.4%

2.9%

United Kingdom & Ireland

18,801

16,797

695

625

3.7%

3.7%

France

5,525

4,821

224

198

4.1%

4.1%

Poland

430

448

65

65

15.1%

14.5%

Italy

3,634

2,147

124

79

3.4%

3.7%

Spain

938

622

42

31

4.5%

5.0%

Turkey

448

460

25

27

5.6%

5.9%

Europe

10,975

8,498

480

400

4.4%

4.7%

Asia4

2,346

2,823

148

151

6.3%

5.3%

Aviva Investors

2,845

1,647

29

16

1.0%

1.0%

Total

34,967

29,765

1,352

1,192

3.9%

4.0%

1    A reconciliation to IFRS net written premiums can be found in note E13.

2    A reconciliation to adjusted Solvency II VNB can be found in note 4b of the Overview section.

3    United Kingdom includes Friends Life from 10 April 2015.

4    Asia includes FPI from 10 April 2015.

 

 

 

 

Page 125

 

 

E2 - Trend analysis of VNB - cumulative

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Growth1 on 4Q15

Gross of tax and non-controlling interests

1Q15 YTD
£m

2Q15 YTD
£m

3Q15 YTD
 £m

4Q15 YTD
 £m

1Q16 YTD
 £m

2Q16 YTD
£m

3Q16 YTD
 £m

4Q16 YTD £m

Sterling
%

Constant currency
%

United Kingdom2,3

103

253

404

609

107

269

394

671

10%

10%

Ireland

3

7

11

16

5

11

19

24

49%

31%

United Kingdom & Ireland

106

260

415

625

112

280

413

695

11%

11%

France

56

98

144

198

59

103

145

224

13%

-

Poland4

15

30

46

65

15

27

44

65

(1)%

(9)%

Italy

19

39

57

79

26

71

96

124

58%

39%

Spain

6

13

20

31

6

16

27

42

33%

18%

Turkey

6

12

17

27

5

12

14

25

(7)%

(9)%

Europe

102

192

284

400

111

229

326

480

20%

7%

Asia4

36

76

115

151

31

61

100

148

(2)%

(11)%

Aviva Investors

3

6

9

16

5

13

18

29

77%

77%

Total

247

534

823

1,192

259

583

857

1,352

13%

8%

1    Currency movements are calculated using unrounded numbers so minor rounding differences may exist.

2    United Kingdom includes Friends Life from 10 April 2015.

3    Includes £3 million relating to the internal transfer of annuities from a with-profits fund to a non profit fund in 4Q16.

4    Poland includes Lithuania. Asia includes FPI from 10 April 2015.

E3 - Trend analysis of VNB - discrete

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Growth1 on 4Q15

Gross of tax and non-controlling interests

1Q15
Discrete
 £m

2Q15
 Discrete
£m

3Q15
Discrete
£m

4Q15
 Discrete
 £m

1Q16
Discrete
 £m

2Q16
 Discrete
£m

3Q16
 Discrete
 £m

4Q16 Discrete
 £m

Sterling
 %

Constant currency
%

United Kingdom2,3

103

150

151

205

107

162

125

277

35%

35%

Ireland

3

4

4

5

5

6

8

5

(1)%

(14)%

United Kingdom & Ireland

106

154

155

210

112

168

133

282

34%

34%

France

56

42

46

54

59

44

42

79

46%

27%

Poland4

15

15

16

19

15

12

17

21

8%

(3)%

Italy

19

20

18

22

26

45

25

28

29%

12%

Spain

6

7

7

11

6

10

11

15

27%

11%

Turkey

6

6

5

10

5

7

2

11

15%

9%

Europe

102

90

92

116

111

118

97

154

32%

16%

Asia4

36

40

39

36

31

30

39

48

35%

21%

Aviva Investors

3

3

3

7

5

8

5

11

48%

48%

Total

247

287

289

369

259

324

274

495

34%

27%

1    Currency movements are calculated using unrounded numbers so minor rounding differences may exist.

2    United Kingdom includes Friends Life from 10 April 2015.

3    Includes £3 million relating to the internal transfer of annuities from a with-profits fund to a non profit fund in 4Q16.

4    Poland includes Lithuania. Asia includes FPI from 10 April 2015

 

 

 

 

Page 126

 

 

E4 - Trend analysis of PVNBP - cumulative

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Growth2 on 4Q15

Present value of new business premiums1

1Q15 YTD
 £m

2Q15 YTD
 £m

3Q15 YTD
 £m

4Q15 YTD
 £m

1Q16 YTD
£m

2Q16 YTD
£m

3Q16 YTD
 £m

4Q16 YTD £m

Sterling
%

Constant currency
%

United Kingdom3,4,5

2,445

7,071

11,696

16,236

4,136

8,214

12,219

18,092

11%

11%

Ireland

132

270

406

561

150

339

496

709

26%

12%

United Kingdom & Ireland

2,577

7,341

12,102

16,797

4,286

8,553

12,715

18,801

12%

11%

France

1,319

2,553

3,639

4,821

1,487

2,889

4,100

5,525

15%

1%

Poland6

110

218

319

448

100

197

299

430

(4)%

(12)%

Italy

603

1,116

1,518

2,147

752

2,025

2,699

3,634

69%

50%

Spain

224

363

455

622

124

300

586

938

51%

33%

Turkey

134

251

347

460

98

214

313

448

(3)%

(4)%

Europe

2,390

4,501

6,278

8,498

2,561

5,625

7,997

10,975

29%

15%

Asia6

623

1,449

2,218

2,823

497

986

1,537

2,346

(17)%

(24)%

Aviva Investors

366

761

1,165

1,647

485

1,388

2,094

2,845

73%

73%

Total

5,956

14,052

21,763

29,765

7,829

16,552

24,343

34,967

17%

12%

1    Present value of new business premiums (PVNBP) is the present value of new regular premiums plus 100% of single premiums, calculated using assumptions consistent with those used to determine the value of new business.

2    Currency movements are calculated using unrounded numbers so minor rounding differences may exist.

3    United Kingdom includes Friends Life from 10 April 2015.

4    Includes c.£1 billion PVNBP (net of reinsurance) relating to a longevity insurance transaction completed in 3Q15.

5    Includes £257 million relating to the internal transfer of annuities from a with-profits fund to a non profit fund in 4Q16.

6    Poland includes Lithuania. Asia includes FPI from 10 April 2015.

E5 - Trend analysis of PVNBP - discrete

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Growth2 on 4Q15

Present value of new business premiums1

1Q15
 Discrete
£m

2Q15
 Discrete
£m

3Q15
Discrete
£m

4Q15
Discrete
£m

1Q16
 Discrete
£m

2Q16
Discrete
£m

3Q16
 Discrete
£m

4Q16 Discrete
£m

Sterling
%

Constant currency
%

United Kingdom3,4,5

2,445

4,626

4,625

4,540

4,136

4,078

4,005

5,873

29%

29%

Ireland

132

138

136

155

150

189

157

213

37%

19%

United Kingdom & Ireland

2,577

4,764

4,761

4,695

4,286

4,267

4,162

6,086

30%

29%

France

1,319

1,234

1,086

1,182

1,487

1,402

1,211

1,425

21%

4%

Poland6

110

108

101

129

100

97

102

131

-

(10)%

Italy

603

513

402

629

752

1,273

674

935

49%

29%

Spain

224

139

92

167

124

176

286

352

111%

83%

Turkey

134

117

96

113

98

116

99

135

20%

11%

Europe

2,390

2,111

1,777

2,220

2,561

3,064

2,372

2,978

34%

17%

Asia6

623

826

769

605

497

489

551

809

34%

22%

Aviva Investors

366

395

404

482

485

903

706

751

56%

56%

Total

5,956

8,096

7,711

8,002

7,829

8,723

7,791

10,624

33%

26%

1    Present value of new business premiums (PVNBP) is the present value of new regular premiums plus 100% of single premiums, calculated using assumptions consistent with those used to determine the value of new business.

2    Currency movements are calculated using unrounded numbers so minor rounding differences may exist.

3    United Kingdom includes Friends Life from 10 April 2015.

4    Includes c.£1 billion PVNBP (net of reinsurance) relating to a longevity insurance transaction completed in 3Q15.

5    Includes £257 million relating to the internal transfer of annuities from a with-profits fund to a non profit fund in 4Q16.

6    Poland includes Lithuania. Asia includes FPI from 10 April 2015.

 

 

 

 

Page 127

 

 

E6 - Trend analysis of PVNBP by product - cumulative

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Growth2 on 4Q15

Present value of new business premiums1

1Q15 YTD
£m

2Q15 YTD
£m

3Q15 YTD
£m

4Q15 YTD
£m

1Q16 YTD
£m

2Q16 YTD
£m

3Q16 YTD
£m

4Q16 YTD £m

Sterling
%

Constant currency
 %

Pensions

1,319

3,897

6,085

8,950

2,889

5,551

8,017

11,562

29%

29%

Annuities3,4

136

777

2,205

2,945

224

570

934

2,074

(30)%

(30)%

Bonds

39

80

109

139

31

59

92

133

(4)%

(4)%

Protection

268

712

1,152

1,586

474

896

1,380

1,779

12%

12%

Equity release

206

458

584

699

111

247

420

637

(9)%

(9)%

Other

477

1,147

1,561

1,917

407

891

1,376

1,907

-

-

United Kingdom5

2,445

7,071

11,696

16,236

4,136

8,214

12,219

18,092

11%

11%

Ireland

132

270

406

561

150

339

496

709

26%

12%

United Kingdom & Ireland

2,577

7,341

12,102

16,797

4,286

8,553

12,715

18,801

12%

11%

Savings

1,224

2,389

3,423

4,535

1,384

2,698

3,845

5,116

13%

-

Protection

95

164

216

286

103

191

255

409

43%

26%

France

1,319

2,553

3,639

4,821

1,487

2,889

4,100

5,525

15%

1%

Pensions

192

356

493

700

156

320

475

752

7%

1%

Savings

754

1,330

1,767

2,443

792

2,139

3,001

4,082

67%

48%

Annuities

-

1

1

1

-

-

1

1

(21)%

(30)%

Protection

125

261

378

533

126

277

420

615

15%

5%

Poland6 , Italy, Spain and Turkey

1,071

1,948

2,639

3,677

1,074

2,736

3,897

5,450

48%

33%

Europe

2,390

4,501

6,278

8,498

2,561

5,625

7,997

10,975

29%

15%

Asia6

623

1,449

2,218

2,823

497

986

1,537

2,346

(17)%

(24)%

Aviva Investors

366

761

1,165

1,647

485

1,388

2,094

2,845

73%

73%

Total

5,956

14,052

21,763

29,765

7,829

16,552

24,343

34,967

17%

12%

1    Present value of new business premiums (PVNBP) is the present value of new regular premiums plus 100% of single premiums, calculated using assumptions consistent with those used to determine the value of new business.

2    Currency movements are calculated using unrounded numbers so minor rounding differences may exist.

3    Includes c.£1 billion PVNBP (net of reinsurance) relating to a longevity insurance transaction completed in 3Q15.

4    Includes £257 million relating to the internal transfer of annuities from a with-profits fund to a non profit fund in 4Q16.

5    United Kingdom includes Friends Life from 10 April 2015.

6    Poland includes Lithuania, Asia includes FPI from 10 April 2015

E7 - Trend analysis of PVNBP by product - discrete

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Growth2 on 4Q15

Present value of new business premiums1

1Q15
 Discrete
£m

2Q15
 Discrete
£m

3Q15
 Discrete
£m

4Q15
Discrete
 £m

1Q16
Discrete
£m

2Q16
 Discrete
£m

3Q16
Discrete
£m

4Q16 Discrete
£m

Sterling
 %

Constant currency
 %

Pensions

1,319

2,578

2,188

2,865

2,889

2,662

2,466

3,545

24%

24%

Annuities3,4

136

641

1,428

740

224

346

364

1,140

54%

54%

Bonds

39

41

29

30

31

28

33

41

36%

36%

Protection

268

444

440

434

474

422

484

399

(8)%

(8)%

Equity release

206

252

126

115

111

136

173

217

89%

89%

Other

477

670

414

356

407

484

485

531

50%

50%

United Kingdom5

2,445

4,626

4,625

4,540

4,136

4,078

4,005

5,873

29%

29%

Ireland

132

138

136

155

150

189

157

213

37%

19%

United Kingdom & Ireland

2,577

4,764

4,761

4,695

4,286

4,267

4,162

6,086

30%

29%

Savings

1,224

1,165

1,034

1,112

1,384

1,314

1,147

1,271

14%

(1)%

Protection

95

69

52

70

103

88

64

154

123%

92%

France

1,319

1,234

1,086

1,182

1,487

1,402

1,211

1,425

21%

4%

Pensions

192

164

137

207

156

164

155

277

33%

19%

Savings

754

576

437

676

792

1,347

862

1,081

60%

39%

Annuities

-

1

-

-

-

-

1

-

-

-

Protection

125

136

117

155

126

151

143

195

25%

11%

Poland6 , Italy, Spain and Turkey

1,071

877

691

1,038

1,074

1,662

1,161

1,553

49%

31%

Europe

2,390

2,111

1,777

2,220

2,561

3,064

2,372

2,978

34%

17%

Asia6

623

826

769

605

497

489

551

809

34%

22%

Aviva Investors

366

395

404

482

485

903

706

751

56%

56%

Total

5,956

8,096

7,711

8,002

7,829

8,723

7,791

10,624

33%

26%

1    Present value of new business premiums (PVNBP) is the present value of new regular premiums plus 100% of single premiums, calculated using assumptions consistent with those used to determine the value of new business.

2    Currency movements are calculated using unrounded numbers so minor rounding differences may exist.

3    Includes c.£1 billion PVNBP (net of reinsurance) relating to a longevity insurance transaction completed in 3Q15.

4    Includes £257 million relating to the internal transfer of annuities from a with-profits fund to a non profit fund in 4Q16.

5    United Kingdom includes Friends Life from 10 April 2015.

6    Poland includes Lithuania Asia includes FPI from 10 April 2015

 

 

 

 

Page 128

 

 

E8 - Geographical analysis of regular and single premiums

 

Regular premiums

 

Single premiums

 

2016
£m

Constant currency

growth1

WACF

Present
 value
 £m

2015
£m

WACF

Present
 value
£m

2016
 £m

2015
£m

Constant currency

growth1

United Kingdom2

1,679

16%

5.3

8,831

1,450

5.8

8,480

9,261

7,756

19%

Ireland

32

19%

6.3

202

24

6.3

152

507

409

10%

United Kingdom & Ireland

1,711

16%

5.3

9,033

1,474

5.9

8,632

9,768

8,165

19%

France

103

6%

8.7

901

86

8.5

729

4,624

4,092

-

Poland3

42

(6)%

8.0

334

41

8.0

328

96

120

(27)%

Italy

65

368%

3.0

194

12

7.8

93

3,440

2,054

48%

Spain

34

(3)%

7.0

238

32

6.0

192

700

430

44%

Turkey

98

(1)%

3.7

366

97

3.8

365

82

95

(15)%

Europe

342

18%

5.9

2,033

268

6.4

1,707

8,942

6,791

17%

Asia3

227

(31)%

7.5

1,707

300

6.9

2,060

639

763

(21)%

Aviva Investors

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

2,845

1,647

73%

Total

2,280

9%

5.6

12,773

2,042

6.1

12,399

22,194

17,366

21%

1    Currency movements are calculated using unrounded numbers so minor rounding differences may exist.

2    United Kingdom includes Friends Life from 10 April 2015.

3    Poland includes Lithuania. Asia includes FPI from 10 April 2015.

E9 - Trend analysis of Investment sales - cumulative

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Growth2 on 4Q15

Investment sales1

1Q15 YTD
 £m

2Q15 YTD
 £m

3Q15 YTD
 £m

4Q15 YTD
 £m

1Q16 YTD
£m

2Q16 YTD
 £m

3Q16 YTD
 £m

4Q16 YTD
 £m

Sterling
%

Constant currency
 %

United Kingdom & Ireland3

271

710

1,041

1,315

260

575

956

1,390

6%

6%

Aviva Investors4

1,073

2,102

3,475

4,993

1,384

3,587

4,119

5,765

15%

6%

Asia5

41

78

103

129

28

58

97

137

6%

(5)%

Total investment sales

1,385

2,890

4,619

6,437

1,672

4,220

5,172

7,292

13%

6%

1    Investment sales are calculated as new single premiums plus the annualised value of new regular premiums.

2    Currency movements are calculated using unrounded numbers so minor rounding differences may exist.

3    UK & Ireland investment sales are also reported in UK Life PVNBP following the extension of MCEV covered business, YTD investment sales of £271 million for 1Q15, £710 million for 2Q15, £1,041 million for 3Q15, £1,315 million for 4Q15, £260 million for 1Q16, £575 million for 2Q16, £956 million for 3Q16 and £1,390 million for 4Q16 are equivalent to £295 million, £774 million, £1,110 million, £1,352 million, £284 million, £636 million, £1,019 million and £1,484 million on a PVNBP basis.

4    YTD investment sales of £362 million for 1Q15, £755 million for 2Q15, £1,156 million for 3Q15, £1,635 million for 4Q15, £480 million for 1Q16, £1,381 million for 2Q16, £2,085 million for 3Q16 and £2,834 million for 4Q16 are also included in Aviva Investors' PVNBP at the same level following the extension of MCEV covered business.

5    Asia investment sales are also reported in Asia PVNBP following an extension of MCEV covered business.

E10 - Trend analysis of Investment sales - discrete

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Growth2 on 4Q15

Investment sales1

1Q15
 Discrete
 £m

2Q15
 Discrete
£m

3Q15
 Discrete
 £m

4Q15
 Discrete
 £m

1Q16
Discrete
£m

2Q16
 Discrete
£m

3Q16
 Discrete
£m

4Q16 Discrete
£m

Sterling
%

Constant currency
 %

United Kingdom & Ireland3

271

439

331

274

260

315

381

434

58%

58%

Aviva Investors4

1,073

1,029

1,373

1,518

1,384

2,203

532

1,646

8%

(1)%

Asia5

41

37

25

26

28

30

39

40

55%

35%

Total investment sales

1,385

1,505

1,729

1,818

1,672

2,548

952

2,120

17%

7%

1    Investment sales are calculated as new single premiums plus the annualised value of new regular premiums.

2    Currency movements are calculated using unrounded numbers so minor rounding differences may exist.

3    UK & Ireland investment sales are also reported in UK Life PVNBP following the extension of MCEV covered business. Discrete investment sales of £271 million for 1Q15, £439 million for 2Q15, £331 million for 3Q15, £274 million for 4Q15, £260 million for 1Q16, £315 million for 2Q16, £381 million for 3Q16 and £434 million for 4Q16 are equivalent to £295 million, £479 million, £336 million and £242 million, £284 million, £352 million, £383 million and £464 million respectively on a PVNBP basis.

4    Discrete investment sales of £362 million for 1Q15, £393 million for 2Q15, £401 million for 3Q15, £479 million for 4Q15 £480 million for 1Q16, £901 million for 2Q16, £703 million for 3Q16 and £750 million for 4Q16 are also included in Aviva Investors' PVNBP at the same level following the extension of MCEV covered business.

5    Some of Asia investment sales are also reported in Asia PVNBP following an extension of MCEV covered business.

 

 

 

 

Page 129

 

 

E11 - Trend analysis of general insurance and health net written premiums - cumulative

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Growth1 on 4Q15

 

1Q15 YTD
£m

2Q15 YTD
 £m

3Q15 YTD
£m

4Q15 YTD
£m

1Q16 YTD
£m

2Q16 YTD
 £m

3Q16 YTD
£m

4Q16 YTD £m

Sterling
%

Constant currency
%

General insurance

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

United Kingdom2

855

1,851

2,750

3,685

958

2,001

2,940

3,930

7%

7%

Ireland

63

134

210

282

83

179

280

378

34%

19%

United Kingdom & Ireland

918

1,985

2,960

3,967

1,041

2,180

3,220

4,308

9%

8%

Europe

399

674

910

1,200

437

757

1,058

1,438

20%

6%

Canada

409

1,013

1,519

1,992

417

1,049

1,766

2,453

23%

14%

Asia & Other

3

6

8

12

3

5

9

12

(3)%

(13)%

 

1,729

3,678

5,397

7,171

1,898

3,991

6,053

8,211

15%

9%

Health insurance

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

United Kingdom3

158

315

423

529

151

292

402

514

(3)%

(3)%

Ireland

28

42

58

85

27

43

49

49

(42)%

(49)%

United Kingdom & Ireland

186

357

481

614

178

335

451

563

(8)%

(10)%

Europe

89

128

157

210

97

155

188

235

12%

(1)%

Asia4

33

55

75

95

37

64

92

125

32%

17%

 

308

540

713

919

312

554

731

923

-

(5)%

Total

2,037

4,218

6,110

8,090

2,210

4,545

6,784

9,134

13%

7%

1    Currency movements are calculated using unrounded numbers so minor rounding differences may exist.

2    Excludes the impact from an outward quota share reinsurance agreement written in 2015 and completed in 2016 in Aviva Insurance Limited (AIL).

3    These premiums are also reported in UK Life PVNBP following the extension of MCEV covered business.1Q15 NWP of £158 million, 2Q15 YTD NWP of £315 million, 3Q15 YTD NWP of £423 million, 4Q15 YTD NWP of £529 million, 1Q16 YTD NWP of £151 million, 2Q16 YTD NWP of £292 million, 3Q16 YTD NWP of £402 million and 4Q16 YTD NWP of £514 million are equivalent to £181 million, £373 million, £451 million, £565 million, £123 million, £255 million, £357 million and £424 million on a PVNBP basis respectively.

4    Singapore long term health business is also reported in Asia PVNBP following the extension of MCEV covered business, 1Q15 NWP of £10 million and 2Q15 YTD NWP of £23 million, 3Q15 YTD NWP of £36 million and 4Q15 YTD NWP of £51 million, 1Q16 NWP of £14 million, 2Q16 YTD NWP of £30 million, 3Q16 YTD NWP of £46 million and 4Q16 YTD NWP of £67 million are equivalent to £48 million, £120 million, £184 million, £214 million, £48 million, £97 million, £133 million and £209 million on a PVNBP basis respectively.

E12 - Trend analysis of general insurance and health net written premiums - discrete

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Growth1 on 4Q15

 

1Q15
 Discrete
 £m

2Q15
 Discrete
£m

3Q15
Discrete
£m

4Q15
 Discrete
 £m

1Q16
Discrete
£m

2Q16
 Discrete
£m

3Q16
Discrete
 £m

4Q16 Discrete
 £m

Sterling
 %

Constant currency
%

General insurance

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

United Kingdom2

855

996

899

935

958

1,043

939

990

6%

6%

Ireland

63

71

76

72

83

96

101

98

38%

20%

United Kingdom & Ireland

918

1,067

975

1,007

1,041

1,139

1,040

1,088

8%

7%

Europe

399

275

236

290

437

320

301

380

30%

13%

Canada

409

604

506

473

417

632

717

687

45%

30%

Asia & Other

3

3

2

4

3

2

4

3

(31)%

(37)%

 

1,729

1,949

1,719

1,774

1,898

2,093

2,062

2,158

22%

14%

Health insurance

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

United Kingdom3

158

157

108

106

151

141

110

112

6%

6%

Ireland5

28

14

16

27

27

16

6

-

(100)%

(100)%

United Kingdom & Ireland

186

171

124

133

178

157

116

112

(15)%

(18)%

Europe

89

39

29

53

97

58

33

47

(12)%

(24)%

Asia4

33

22

20

20

37

27

28

33

62%

42%

 

308

232

173

206

312

242

177

192

(7)%

(13)%

Total

2,037

2,181

1,892

1,980

2,210

2,335

2,239

2,350

19%

11%

1    Currency movements are calculated using unrounded numbers so minor rounding differences may exist.

2    Excludes the impact from an outward quota share reinsurance agreement written in 2015 and completed in 2016 in Aviva Insurance Limited (AIL).

3    These premiums are also reported in UK Life PVNBP following the extension of MCEV covered business. 1Q15 NWP of £158 million, 2Q15 NWP of £157 million, 3Q15 NWP of £108 million, 4Q15 NWP of £106 million, 1Q16 NWP of £151 million, 2Q16 NWP of £141 million, 3Q16 NWP of £110 million and 4Q16 NWP of £112 million, are equivalent to £182 million, £191 million, £78 million, £114 million, £123 million, £132 million, £123 million and £132 million on a PVNBP basis respectively.

4    Singapore long term health business is also reported in Asia PVNBP following the extension of MCEV covered business. For Singapore long term health business, 1Q15 NWP of £10 million and 2Q15 NWP of £13 million, 3Q15 NWP of £13 million and 4Q15 NWP of £15 million, 1Q16 NWP of £14 million, 2Q16 NWP of £15 million, 3Q16 NWP of £16 million and 4Q16 NWP of £21 million are equivalent to £48 million, £72 million, £64 million,£30 million, £48 million, £49 million, £36 million and £76 million on a PVNBP basis respectively.

5    The sale of the Ireland Health business was completed in 3Q16.

 

 

 

 

Page 130

 

 

E13 - Reconciliation of sales to net written premiums in IFRS

The table below presents our consolidated sales for the year ended 31 December 2016 and the year ended 31 December 2015 as well as the reconciliation of sales to net written premiums in IFRS.

 

2016
 £m

2015
£m

Present value of new business premiums1

34,967

29,765

Investment sales

7,292

6,437

General insurance and health net written premiums

9,134

8,090

Less: long-term health and collectives business2

(4,944)

(3,660)

Total sales

46,449

40,632

Less: Effect of capitalisation factor on regular premium long-term business

(10,493)

(10,357)

Share of long-term new business sales from JVs and associates

(552)

(427)

Annualisation impact of regular premium long-term business3

(264)

(251)

Deposits taken on non-participating investment contracts and equity release contracts

(7,834)

(6,560)

Retail sales of mutual fund type products (investment sales)

(7,292)

(6,437)

Add: IFRS gross written premiums from existing long-term business3

4,867

4,676

Less: long-term insurance and savings business premiums ceded to reinsurers

(1,696)

(1,529)

Less: Outward reinsurance premium relating to general insurance business4

(107)

(712)

Total IFRS net written premiums

23,078

19,035

Analysed as:

 

 

Long-term insurance and savings net written premiums

14,051

11,658

General insurance and health net written premiums

9,027

7,377

 

23,078

19,035

1    Includes £257 million relating to the internal transfer of annuities from a with-profits fund to a non profit fund during the second half of 2016.

2    Long-term health and collectives business are included as part of PVNBP following the extension of MCEV covered business.

3    £200 million has been reclassified from 'Annualisation impact of regular premium long-term business' to 'IFRS gross written premiums from existing long-term business' in UK Life for 2015.

4    Outwards reinsurance premium ceded represents £107 million (2015: £712 million) relating to an outwards reinsurance contract completed by the UK General Insurance business.

Effect of capitalisation factor on regular premium long-term business

PVNBP is derived from the single and regular premiums of the products sold during the financial period and is expressed at the point of sale. The PVNBP calculation is equal to total single premium sales received in the year plus the discounted value of regular premiums expected to be received over the term of the new contracts. The discounted value of regular premiums is calculated using the same market consistent embedded value methodology as for VNB (on a MCEV basis).

The discounted value reflects the expected income streams over the life of the contract, adjusted for expected levels of persistency, discounted back to present value. The discounted value can also be expressed as annualised regular premiums multiplied by a weighted average capitalisation factor (WACF). The WACF varies over time depending on the mix of new products sold, the average outstanding term of the new contracts and the projection assumptions.

 

Share of long-term new business sales from joint ventures and associates

Total long-term new business sales include our share of sales from joint ventures and associates. Under IFRS reporting, premiums from these sales are excluded from our consolidated accounts, with only our share of profits or losses from such businesses being brought into the income statement separately.

Annualisation impact of regular premium long-term business

As noted above, the calculation of PVNBP includes annualised regular premiums. The impact of this annualisation is removed in order to reconcile the non-GAAP new business sales to IFRS premiums and will vary depending on the volume of regular premium sales during the year.

Deposits taken on non-participating investment contracts and equity release contracts

Under IFRS, non-participating investment contracts are recognised in the Statement of Financial Position by recording the cash received as a deposit and an associated liability and are not recorded as premiums received in the IFRS income statement. Only the margin earned is recognised in the IFRS income statement.

Retail sales of mutual fund type products (investment sales)

Investment sales included in the total sales number represent the cash inflows received from customers to invest in mutual fund type products such as unit trusts and OEICs. We earn fees on the investment and management of these funds which are recorded separately in the IFRS income statement as 'fees and commissions received' and are not included in statutory premiums.

IFRS gross written premiums from existing long-term business

The non-GAAP measure of long-term and savings sales focuses on new business written in the year under review while the IFRS income statement includes premiums received from all business, both new and existing.

 

 

 

 

Page 131

 

 

E14 - Principal Assumptions underlying the calculation of VNB (on a MCEV basis)

(a) Reference rates

Economic assumptions are derived actively, based on market yields on risk-free fixed interest assets at the end of each reporting period.

In setting the risk-free rate we have, wherever possible, used the mid-price swap yield curve for an AA-rated bank. For some businesses, where the impact is immaterial, a flat yield curve has been assumed. For most businesses, the curve is extrapolated beyond the last available market data point to an ultimate forward rate using the Nelson-Siegel functional form if necessary. For markets in which there is no reliable swap yield curve, the risk-free rate is based on relevant government bond yields with adjustments made to reflect the local market environment where necessary. For certain business, swap rates are adjusted for a 'liquidity premium' in deriving the risk-free rates, and these adjustments are shown below the reference rate table.

The principal economic assumptions used are as follows:

United Kingdom

4Q
2016

3Q
2016

2Q
2016

1Q
2016

4Q
 2015

3Q
2015

2Q
 2015

1Q
 2015

Reference rate

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

1 year

0.5%

0.5%

0.6%

0.7%

0.7%

0.7%

0.6%

0.6%

5 years

0.9%

0.5%

1.0%

1.6%

1.4%

1.7%

1.4%

1.5%

10 years

1.3%

0.8%

1.4%

2.0%

1.9%

2.2%

1.7%

1.9%

15 years

1.4%

1.0%

1.7%

2.2%

2.0%

2.4%

1.9%

2.1%

20 years

1.5%

1.0%

1.7%

2.3%

2.1%

2.4%

2.0%

2.2%

 

Eurozone

4Q
2016

3Q
 2016

2Q
2016

1Q
2016

4Q
2015

3Q
 2015

2Q
2015

1Q
 2015

Reference rate

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

1 year

0.1%

0.1%

0.1%

0.1%

0.1%

0.1%

0.1%

0.2%

5 years

0.1%

0.1%

0.1%

0.3%

0.4%

0.5%

0.2%

0.4%

10 years

0.3%

0.4%

0.5%

1.0%

1.0%

1.2%

0.6%

0.8%

15 years

0.6%

0.8%

0.9%

1.5%

1.4%

1.6%

0.7%

1.2%

20 years

0.7%

0.9%

1.0%

1.6%

1.5%

1.7%

0.8%

1.4%

(b) Liquidity premiums

The following liquidity premium adjustments are made to the swap rate for certain contracts. The risk-free rate is taken as the swap yield curve for the currency of the liability, adjusted by adding the following to each swap rate:

 

4Q
2016

3Q
2016

2Q
 2016

1Q
2016

4Q
2015

3Q
2015

2Q
2015

1Q
2015

UK immediate annuites1

1.42%

1.42%

1.51%

1.51%

1.41%

1.40%

1.59%

1.59%

France immediate annuities

0.20%

0.31%

0.36%

0.38%

0.45%

0.28%

0.16%

0.19%

France participating business

0.15%

0.23%

0.27%

0.29%

0.34%

0.21%

0.12%

0.15%

Italy participating business

0.15%

0.23%

0.27%

0.29%

0.34%

0.21%

0.12%

0.15%

1    Immediate annuities have also been sold in Friends Life as well as the UK annuity business (UKA). At Q416, the liquidity premium for Friends Life policies is 63 bps for new business.

In assessing the liquidity premium, an optimised notional portfolio is assumed which can include the actual assets backing the liabilities and the matching that exists between them.

For assets valued on a mark to model basis (notably UK commercial mortgages and equity release assets) the liquidity premium continues to be estimated consistently with the underlying valuation model. For all other assets, the formula structure proposed by the CFO / CRO Forum and adopted in the Solvency II Fifth Quantitative Impact Study (QIS 5) is adopted. The formula for the liquidity premium is:

United Kingdom/Europe: 50% of (iBoxx Corporate bond spread - 40 bps)

For immediate and bulk purchase annuities, 100% of the full liquidity premium is applied, while 75% liquidity premium is applied to participating business and deferred annuities. No liquidity premium is applied to any other products.

 

 

 

 

Page 132

 

 

 

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Page 133

 

Other information

In this section

Page

Glossary

134

Shareholder services

139

 

 

 

 

 

 

Page 134

Product definitions

Annuity

A type of policy that pays out regular amounts, either immediately and for the remainder of a person's lifetime, or deferred to commence from a future date. Immediate annuities may be purchased for an individual and his or her dependants or on a bulk purchase basis for groups of people. Deferred annuities are accumulation contracts, which may be used to provide benefits in retirement and may be funded by a policyholder by payment of a series of contributions or by a capital sum. Annuities may be guaranteed, unit-linked or index-linked.

Bonds and savings

These are accumulation products with single or regular premiums and unit-linked or guaranteed investment returns.

Collective investment scheme (SICAVs)

This is an open-ended investment fund, structured as a legally independent joint stock company, whose units are issued in the form of shares.

Critical illness cover

Pays out a lump sum if the insured person is diagnosed with a serious illness that is specified within the insurance policy.

Equity Release

Equity release mortgages allow a homeowner to receive a lump sum in return for a mortgage secured on their house. No interest is payable on the loan; instead, interest is rolled-up on the loan and the loan and accrued interest are repayable at redemption (upon death or moving into long-term care).

General insurance

Also known as non-life or property and casualty insurance. Property insurance covers loss or damage through fire, theft, flood, storms and other specified risks. Casualty insurance primarily covers losses arising from accidents that cause injury to other people or damage to the property of others.

Group pension

A pension plan that covers a group of people, which is typically purchased by a company and offered to their employees.

Health insurance

Provides cover against loss from illness or bodily injury. It can pay for medicine, visits to the doctor, hospital stays, other medical expenses and loss of earnings, depending on the conditions covered and the benefits and choices of treatment available on the policy.

Income drawdown

The policyholder can transfer money from any pension fund to an income drawdown plan from which they receive an income. The remainder of the pension fund continues to be invested, giving it the potential for growth.

Individual savings account (ISAs)

Tax-efficient plans within the UK for investing in stocks and shares, cash deposits or life insurance investment funds, subject to certain limits.

Investment sales

Comprise retail sales of mutual fund-type products such as unit trusts, individual savings accounts (ISAs) and open ended investment companies (OEICs).

Mortgage endowment

An insurance contract combining savings and protection elements which is designed to repay the principal of a loan or mortgage.

 

Mortgage life insurance

A protection contract designed to pay off the outstanding amount of a mortgage or loan in the event of the death of the insured.

Open ended investment company (OEIC)

A collective investment fund structured as a limited company in which investors can buy and sell shares.

Pension

A means of providing income in retirement for an individual and possibly his/her dependants.

Personal pension

A pension plan tailored to the individual policyholder, which includes the options to stop, start or change their payments.

Protection

An insurance contract that protects the policyholder or his/her dependants against financial loss on death or ill-health.

Regular premium

A series of payments are made by the policyholder, typically monthly or annually, for part of or all of the duration of the contract.

Single premium

A single lump sum is paid by the policyholder at the start of the contract.

Stakeholder pensions

Low cost and flexible pension plans available in the UK, governed by specific regulations.

Term assurance

A simple form of life insurance, offering cover over a fixed number of years during which a lump sum will be paid out if the life insured dies within the specified time period.

Unit trusts

A form of open ended collective investment constituted under a trust deed, in which investors can buy and sell units.

Whole life

A protection policy that remains in force for the insured's whole life with a lump sum paid out on death. Traditional whole life contracts have fixed premium payments that typically cannot be missed without lapsing the policy. Flexible whole life contracts allow the policyholder to vary the premium and/or amount of life cover, within certain limits.

 

General terms

Alternative performance measures

Alternative performance measures ('APMs') are non-GAAP measures used by the Aviva Group within its financial publications to supplement disclosures prepared in accordance with other regulations such as International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) and Solvency II. We believe that these measures provide useful information to enhance the understanding of financial performance. The APMs should be

 

 

 

 

 

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viewed as complementary to, rather than a substitute for, the figures determined according to other regulatory measures.

The Group's APMs are highlighted below using the following symbol '‡'.

Acquired value of in force (AVIF)

The present value of future profits on a portfolio of long-term insurance and investment contracts, acquired either directly or through the purchase of, or investment in, a business.

Adjusted Solvency II value of new business‡

Adjusted Solvency II VNB is the increase in Solvency II Own Funds resulting from business written in the period, adjusted to remove the impact of contract boundaries, to include look through profits in service companies (where not included in Solvency II) and to include business that has previously been included in MCEV VNB but which is not included in the Solvency II valuation. There is no explicit adjustment to include the cost associated with holding the Solvency II capital requirement as the Solvency II risk margin is viewed to be sufficient.

From 2017 onwards, adjusted Solvency II VNB will replace MCEV VNB as a key performance indicator.

The methodology underlying the calculation of adjusted Solvency II VNB uses Solvency II rules with adjustments to reflect a more realistic basis than the prudential Solvency II basis.

Adjusted Solvency II VNB can be reconciled to MCEV VNB and to the Solvency II Own Funds impact of new business; however there is no equivalent IFRS metric.

Annual premium equivalent (APE)

Used as a measure of life sales. It is calculated as the sum of new regular premiums plus 10% of new single premiums written in the period.

Association of British Insurers (ABI)

A major trade association for UK insurance companies, established in July 1985.

Available for sale (AFS)

Securities that have been acquired neither for short-term sale nor to be held to maturity and are not classified as other than trading. These are shown at fair value on the statement of financial position and changes in value are taken straight to equity instead of the income statement.

Bancassurance/Affinity

An arrangement whereby banks and building societies sell insurance and investment products to their customers on behalf of other financial providers.

Best Estimate Liabilities (BEL)

The expected present value of future cash flows for a company's current insurance obligations, calculated using best estimate assumptions, projected over the contract's run-off period, taking into account all up-to-date financial market and actuarial information.

Cash remittances‡

Amounts paid by our operating businesses to the Group, comprising dividends and interest on internal loans. These amounts eliminate on consolidation and are hence not directly reconcilable to the Group's IFRS consolidated statement of cash flows.

Combined operating ratio (COR)‡

A financial measurement of general insurance underwriting profitability calculated as incurred claims expressed as a percentage of net earned premiums, plus written commissions and written expenses expressed as a percentage of net written premiums. A COR below 100% indicates profitable underwriting.

The components used to calculate COR for the Group are detailed in note 7.ii - General insurance and health.

Contract boundaries

A contract boundary is the first point in time in the lifetime of an insurance policy at which the insurer has the ability to review the premiums charged at the individual policy level, without any contractual constraints. For policies in which such a point does not exist, the contract boundary is the same as the full term of the contract. Under Solvency II, if a contract boundary on an insurance contract is less than the full term of the contract the expected future premiums and obligations that relate to cover which may be provided after that date are not recognised in the measurement of the insurance liabilities.

Cost of non-hedgeable risks (CNHR)

This is the cost of undertaking those risks for which a deep and liquid market in which to hedge that risk does not exist. This can include both financial risks and non-financial risks such as mortality, persistency and expense. The cost of non-hedgeable risks reduces the MCEV value of new business.

Covered business

The contracts to which the MCEV basis has been applied.

Deferred acquisition costs (DAC)

The costs directly attributable to the acquisition of new business for insurance and investment contracts may be deferred to the extent that they are expected to be recoverable out of future margins in revenue on these contracts.

Excess centre cash flow‡

A measure of excess cash flow, calculated by deducting central operating expenses and debt financing costs from cash remittances by business units. It is a measure of the cash available to pay dividends, reduce debt, pay exceptional charges or invest back into our business. The cash remittances from business units eliminate on consolidation and hence the excess centre cash flow is not directly reconcilable to the Group's IFRS consolidated statement of cash flows.

Fair value

The price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date (i.e. an exit price).

Financial Conduct Authority (FCA)

The FCA is an independent public body and is independent of the Bank of England. It is responsible for the conduct business regulation of financial services firms (including those firms subject to prudential regulation by the PRA) and the prudential regulation of firms not regulated by the PRA. The FCA has three statutory objectives: securing an appropriate degree of protection for consumers, protecting and enhancing the integrity of the UK financial system and promoting effective competition in the interests of consumers.

Frictional costs

The additional taxation and investment costs incurred by shareholders through investing required capital in the Company

 

 

 

 

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rather than directly. Frictional costs reduce the MCEV value of new business.

Gross written premiums

The total earnings or revenue generated by sales of insurance products, before any reinsurance is taken into account. Not all premiums written will necessarily be treated as income in the current financial year, because some of them could relate to insurance cover for a subsequent period.

Independent Financial Advisers (IFAs)

A person or organisation authorised to give independent advice on financial matters. IFAs are authorised by the FCA in the UK.

Inherited estate

In the UK, the assets of the long-term with-profits funds less the realistic reserves for non-profit policies written within the with-profits funds, less asset shares aggregated across the with-profits policies and any additional amounts expected at the valuation date to be paid to in-force policyholders in the future in respect of smoothing costs and guarantees.

International financial reporting standards (IFRS)

These are international accounting regulations that all publicly listed companies in the European Union are required to use.

Latent claims

General insurance claims that are often not made until many years after the period of cover provided, due to the impact of perils or causes not becoming evident for a number of years. Sources of latent claims include asbestos-related diseases, environmental pollution and industrial deafness.

Life business

Businesses selling life and pensions contracts that are classified as covered business within MCEV VNB.

Liquidity premium

An addition to the risk-free rate used when projecting investment returns and discounting cash flows on certain types of contracts where the liabilities are illiquid and have cash flows that are predictable.

Longevity risk

Risk associated with increasing life expectancy trends among policyholders and pensioners.

Long-term and savings business

Collective term for life insurance, pensions, savings, investments and related business.

Market consistent embedded value (MCEV)

A measure of the value of a life business to its shareholders. It is the sum of shareholders net assets and today's value of the future profits that are expected to emerge from business already written, where the assumptions used to calculate future profits are consistent with current market prices for traded assets.

MCEV value of new business (VNB)‡

VNB is the present value of future profits from new business written at the point of sale and any changes to existing contracts which were not anticipated at the outset of the contract that generate additional shareholder risk and associated premium income, of the nature of a new policy. An example of a change to existing contracts that is considered to be generating value of new business is an internal transfer of annuities from with-profits funds to a non profit fund. It is calculated on a market consistent basis using economic assumptions set at the start of each quarter or more frequently and best estimate operating assumptions. It is stated after the effect of any frictional costs and the cost of non-hedgeable risks.

MCEV VNB can be reconciled to adjusted Solvency II VNB and to Solvency II Own Funds impact of new business; however there is no equivalent IFRS metric.

Minimum capital requirement (MCR)

The Minimum Capital Requirement is the minimum amount of capital that an insurer needs to hold to cover its risks under the Solvency II regulatory framework. If an insurer's capital falls below the MCR then authorisation will be withdrawn by the regulator unless a firm is able to meet the MCR within a short period of time.

Morbidity

Rate of disease or how likely someone will fall ill, varying by such parameters as age, gender and health, used in pricing and calculating liabilities for policyholders of life and annuity products.

Mortality

Rate of death, varying by such parameters as age, gender and health, used in pricing and calculating liabilities for policyholders of life and annuity products, which contain mortality risks.

Net asset value (NAV) per share‡

Net asset value (NAV) per share is calculated as the equity attributable to shareholders of Aviva plc, less preference share capital (both within the Consolidated statement of financial position), divided by the actual number of shares in issue as at the balance sheet date.

Net written premiums

Total gross written premiums for the given period, minus premiums paid over or 'ceded' to reinsurers.

New business margin

New business margins are calculated as the MCEV value of new business divided by the present value of new business premiums (PVNBP), and expressed as a percentage.

Operating capital generation (OCG)‡

OCG is the Solvency II surplus movement in the period due to operating items including the impact of new business, expected investment returns on existing business, operating variances, operating assumption changes and management actions. It excludes economic variances, economic assumption changes and integration and restructuring costs.

Operating earnings per share (EPS)‡

Operating EPS is calculated based on the operating profit attributable to ordinary shareholders net of tax, non-controlling interests, preference dividends, the direct capital instrument (DCI) and tier one notes divided by the weighted average number of ordinary shares in issue, after deducting treasury shares.

The components used to calculate the operating EPS are detailed in note B7 - Earnings per share.

Operating expense ratio‡

The Group operating expense ratio expresses operating expenses as a percentage of operating income. Operating

 

 

 

 

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income is calculated as operating profit before Group debt costs and operating expenses.

The components used to calculate the operating expense ratio are detailed in note 1 - Operating profit, note 3 - Expenses and note A3 - Group debt costs and other interest.

Operating expenses‡

The day-to-day expenses involved in running the business including staff costs. For the avoidance of doubt, operating expenses excludes commission, non-operating integration and restructuring costs, and amortisation and impairment of AVIF and intangible assets. The components of operating expenses are detailed in note 3 - Expenses.

Operating profit‡

This is a non-GAAP financial performance measure. It is based on expected investment returns and stated before tax and before non-operating items including impairment of goodwill and amortisation and impairment of acquired value of in-force business, the profit or loss on disposal and remeasurement of subsidiaries, joint ventures and associates, integration and restructuring costs and other items. Other items are those items that, in the Directors' view, are required to be separately disclosed by virtue of their nature or incidence to enable a full understanding of the Group's financial performance.

The components of operating profit are detailed in note A - Reconciliation of group operating profit to profit after tax.

Own Funds

Under Solvency II, capital available to cover the SCR and MCR is referred to as own funds. This includes the excess of assets over liabilities in the Solvency II balance sheet (calculated on best estimate, market consistent assumptions and net of transitional measures on technical provisions), subordinated liabilities that qualify as capital under Solvency II, and off-balance sheet own funds approved by the regulator. Own funds eligible to cover the SCR and MCR also reflect any tiering restrictions.

Persistency

The rate at which policies are retained over time and therefore continue to contribute premium income and assets under management.

Present value of new business premiums (PVNBP)

Present value of new regular premiums plus 100% of single premiums from new business written at the point of sale and any changes to existing contracts, which were not anticipated at the outset of the contract that generates additional shareholder risk and associated premium income of the nature of a new policy. An example of a change to existing contracts that is considered to be generating PVNBP is an internal transfer of annuities from with-profits funds to a non profit fund. PVNBP is calculated using assumptions consistent with those used to determine the MCEV value of new business.

Prudential Regulatory Authority (PRA)

The PRA is a part of the Bank of England and is responsible for the prudential regulation of deposit taking institutions, insurers and major investment firms. The PRA has three statutory objectives: to promote the safety and soundness of these firms, specifically for insurers, to contribute to the securing of an appropriate degree of protection for policyholders and secondary objective to facilitate effective competition.

Required capital

The amount of assets, over and above the value placed on liabilities in respect of covered business, whose distribution to shareholders is restricted.

Risk-adjusted returns

Adjusting profits earned and investment returns by how much risk is involved in producing that return or profit.

Risk Margin

The amount an insurance company would require, in excess of best estimate liabilities, in order to take over and meet the whole portfolio of insurance and reinsurance obligations. It reflects the cost of providing capital equal to the Solvency II capital requirement for non-hedgable risks necessary to support the insurance obligations over their lifetime. Risk Margin represents the value of deviation risk of the actual outcome compared with the best estimate, expressed in terms of a defined risk measure.

Solvency II

These are insurance regulations designed to harmonise EU insurance regulation. Primarily this concerns the amount of capital that European insurance companies must hold under a measure of capital and risk. Solvency II became effective from 1 January 2016.

Solvency II cover ratio‡

Own funds divided by the Solvency Capital Requirement, as calculated on a shareholder view. The shareholder view excludes the contribution to Group Solvency Capital Requirement (SCR) and Group own funds of fully ring fenced with-profits funds and staff pension schemes in surplus - these exclusions have no impact on Solvency II surplus.

Solvency II cover ratio is detailed in note 8.iv - Solvency II.

Solvency II own funds impact of new business

The change in own funds resulting from new business written in the period.

Solvency II surplus

Own funds less the Solvency Capital Requirement.

Solvency II surplus impact of new business

The change in Solvency II surplus resulting from new business written in the period.

Solvency Capital Requirement (SCR)

The Solvency Capital Requirement is the amount of capital the regulator requires an insurer to hold to meet the requirements under the Solvency II regulatory framework. Holding capital in excess of the SCR demonstrates an insurer has adequate financial resources in place to meet all its liabilities as and when they fall due and that there is sufficient capital to absorb significant losses. Firms may use their own internal model, the European Insurance and Occupational Pensions Authority (EIOPA) prescribed standard formula or a partial internal model to determine SCR.

Transitional Measures on Technical Provisions (TMTP)

TMTP is an adjustment to Solvency II technical provisions to bring them into line with the pre-Solvency II equivalent as at 1 January 2016 when the regulatory basis changed, to smooth the introduction of the new regime. This will decrease linearly over the 16 years following Solvency II implementation but may be recalculated to allow for material changes to the risk profile of the relevant business, subject to agreement with the

 

 

 

 

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regulator. TMTP may also be recalculated every 24 months at the request of either the firm or the regulator.

Underwriting result

The profit or loss from general insurance and health activities, excluding investment performance. It is calculated as net earned premiums less net insurance claims, commission and expenses. The underwriting result is calculated in note 7ii - General insurance and health.

UK Corporate Governance Code

The code sets out guidance in the form of principles and provisions on how companies should be directed and controlled to follow good governance practice.

 

 

 

 

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DON'T MISS OUT ON YOUR FUTURE DIVIDENDS!

From November 2017, we are simplifying the way we pay dividends to shareholders by only paying cash dividends directly into a nominated bank account. This provides shareholders with the following benefits:

·      A faster, more secure, environmentally friendly way of paying dividends - we currently send out over 200,000 cheques for each dividend

·      No more fees for the replacement of lost cheques - one in five dividend cheques issued in 2015 remains uncashed

If you are currently receiving your dividend by cheque, take action now and choose from the dividend payment options detailed below. If you already receive your dividend directly to your bank account, your current payment instruction will apply.

 

DIVIDEND PAYMENT OPTIONS

Shareholders will be able to receive their dividends in the following ways:

§ Directly into your nominated UK bank account

§ Directly into your nominated Eurozone bank account

§ The Global Payment Service provided by our Registrar, Computershare. This enables shareholders living outside of the Single European Payment Area (SEPA) to elect to receive their dividends or interest payments in a choice of over 60 international currencies

§ The Dividend Reinvestment Plan enables eligible shareholders to reinvest their cash dividend in additional Aviva ordinary shares

You can find further details regarding these payment options at www.aviva.com/dividends and register your choice by contacting Computershare using the contact details on the next page, online at www.aviva.com/online or by returning a dividend mandate form. You must register for one of these payment options to receive dividend payments from November 2017.

 

PARTNERING WITH THE BRITISH RED CROSS

We are a year into our three year strategic partnership with the British Red Cross and already we have achieved a huge amount together to help communities in the UK and globally, be safer and stronger in times of uncertainty and crisis.

This includes training our people to spot the signs of stress in our customers during times of crisis, and continuing our support of the British Red Cross emergency app. Together, we are helping to make people better informed, prepared and therefore more resilient if disaster should strike.

HELP AVIVA SUPPORT THE BRITISH RED CROSS

During November and December 2016, Aviva shareholders completed 1,500 online dividend mandate instructions, meaning a donation of £1,500 to the British Red Cross to help people become safer and stronger in times of uncertainty and crisis.

You can help achieve even more - for every online dividend mandate and every voting instruction received online for the 2017 Annual General Meeting, Aviva will donate £1 to the British Red Cross.

 

DIVIDEND CHANGES TIMELINE

25 April 2017         Last date to complete a mandate instruction for the dividend payable in May 2017

17 May 2017          Last dividend payment that can be made by cheque

27 October 2017*   Last date to complete a mandate instruction to receive the dividend payable in November 2017

17 November 2017*               First dividend where direct credit is the only method of payment for cash dividends - a reminder will be sent to shareholders who have not received their dividend

Spring 2019             An annual dividend confirmation will be sent to shareholders who have had dividends withheld during the previous year

 

* Any dates marked with an asterisk are provisional and may be subject to change

MANAGE YOUR SHAREHOLDING ONLINE

www.aviva.com/online:

You can access Computershare online services directly using the above address where you can log in using your Computershare details to:

§ Change your address

§ Change payment options

§ Switch to electronic communications

§ View your shareholding

§ View any outstanding payments

§ Access useful information and view your Aviva policies

www.aviva.co.uk/myaviva:

If you've already registered for MyAviva you'll be able to view useful shareholder information. You can also check the details of Aviva policies you may have. Our online portal brings all this information together into one safe and secure place at a time that suits you. Just login as normal using your email address via www.aviva.co.uk/myaviva.

MyAviva also includes a link to the Investor Centre, where you can log in and manage you shareholding as outlined above.

www.aviva.com/shareholders:

For access to our shareholder services centre.

www.aviva.com/dividends:

To find the latest information on Aviva dividends.

www.aviva.com/agm:

To find the latest information on our Annual General Meeting.

www.investorcentre.co.uk/eproxy:

For access to electronic voting for our Annual General Meeting.

www.aviva.com/reports:

To access our latest reports, such as our annual report and accounts.

www.aviva.com/shareprice:

To find out the latest Aviva plc Ordinary share price.

www.londonstockexchange.com:

To find out the latest Aviva plc Preference share price.

 

SHAREHOLDER UPDATES

In 2017, we want to keep you informed with quarterly online shareholder updates. This will provide a summary on how Aviva is doing as well as information for shareholders. Sign up for email communications at www.aviva.com/online to receive a notification when the latest update is available.

 

 

 

 

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Shareholder profile as at 31 December 2016

By category of shareholder

Number of shareholders

%*

Number of shares

%*

Individual

578,993

98.22

248,881,261

6.13

Banks and nominee companies

7,906

1.34

3,758,032,990

92.53

Pension fund managers and insurance companies

221

0.04

1,040,014

0.03

Other corporate bodies

2,368

0.40

53,584,941

1.32

Total

589,488

100

4,061,539,206

100

By size of shareholding

Number of shareholders

%*

Number of shares

%*

1-1,000

539,400

91.50

134,735,003

3.32

1,001-5,000

44,611

7.57

83,697,278

2.06

5,001-10,000

3,000

0.51

20,785,611

0.51

10,001-250,000

1,861

0.32

78,749,554

1.94

250,001-500,000

154

0.03

54,803,042

1.35

500,001 and above

461

0.08

3,648,142,024

89.82

American Depositary Receipts (ADRs)+

1

0.00

40,626,694

1.00

Total

589,488

100

4,061,539,206

100

+    The number of registered ordinary shares represented by ADRs. Please note that each Aviva ADR represents two (2) ordinary shares.

*    Percentages do not necessarily add up due to rounding.

 

2017 financial calendar

Ordinary 2016 final dividend ex-dividend date*

6 April 2017

2016 final dividend record date (Ordinary and ADR)

7 April 2017

Last day for Dividend Reinvestment Plan and currency election for 2016 final dividend

25 April 2017

Annual General Meeting

11am on 10 May 2017

2016 final dividend payment date*

17 May 2017

The full financial calendar is available at www.aviva.com/financial-calendar

*    Please note that the ADR local payment date will be approximately five business days after the proposed dividend date for ordinary shares. The ex-dividend date for ADR holders will be 5 April 2017.

 

GROUP COMPANY SECRETARY

Shareholders may contact the Group Company Secretary:

 By Email: Aviva.shareholders@aviva.com

 In Writing: Kirstine Cooper, Group Company Secretary, St Helen's, 1 Undershaft, London, EC3P 3DQ

 By Telephone: +44 (0)20 7283 2000

ORDINARY AND PREFERENCE SHARES - CONTACT:

For any queries regarding your shareholding, please contact Computershare:

 By Telephone: 0371 495 0105 - Lines are open 8.30am to 5.30pm (UK time), Monday to Friday (excluding public holidays). Please call +44 117 378 8361 if calling from outside of the UK

 By Email: AvivaSHARES@computershare.co.uk

 In Writing: Computershare Investor Services PLC, The Pavilions, Bridgwater Road, Bristol, BS99 6ZZ

AMERICAN DEPOSITARY RECEIPTS (ADRS) - CONTACT:

For any queries regarding Aviva ADRs, please contact Citibank Shareholder Services (Citibank):

 By Telephone: 1 877 248 4237 (1 877-CITI-ADR), or +1 781 575 4555 if calling from outside of the US - Lines are open 8.30am to 6pm, Monday to Friday US Eastern Standard Time

 By Email: Citibank@shareholders-online.com

 In Writing: Citibank Shareholder Services, PO Box 43077, Providence, Rhode Island, 02940-3077 USA

ANNUAL GENERAL MEETING (AGM)

The 2017 AGM will be held at The Queen Elizabeth II Centre, Broad Sanctuary, Westminster, London SW1P 3EE, on Wednesday, 10 May 2017, at 11am.

Details of each resolution to be considered at the meeting and voting instructions are provided in the Notice of AGM, which is available on the Company's website at www.aviva.com/agm. The voting results of the 2017 AGM will be accessible on the Company's website at www.aviva.com/agm shortly after the meeting.

AVIVA PLC ANNUAL REPORT AND ACCOUNTS

Aviva plc annual report and accounts are intended to provide information about the Company's activities and financial performance in the previous year. This strategic report is only part of the Company's annual report and accounts. You can view the full Aviva plc annual report and accounts online at www.aviva.com/2016ar or order a printed copy using the contact details opposite.

FORM 20-F

On 1 December 2016, the Company announced that it had resolved to voluntarily delist its American Depositary Shares (ADS) from the NYSE and to terminate the registration of its ADS and the underlying ordinary shares under the Exchange Act and to continue its ADS programme as a 'Level 1' sponsored programme, which will enable investors to trade ADS in the US over-the-counter market. The last day of trading on the NYSE was 22 December 2016 and the Company's obligations to file certain reports with the SEC were suspended on the same date. The Company expects the deregistration of its ADS and the underlying ordinary shares to become effective on 22 March 2017. Copies of the Company's Form 20-F for the financial year ended 31 December 2015 and for prior financial years can be found at www.aviva.com/reports.

 

 

ENDS PART 4 OF 4

 


This information is provided by RNS
The company news service from the London Stock Exchange
 
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