INTERIM REPORT AND FINANCIAL STATEMENTS FOR THE...
PROVIDENCE RESOURCES P.l.c.
INTERIM REPORT AND FINANCIAL STATEMENTS FOR THE SIX MONTHS
ENDED 30 JUNE 2007
FINANCIAL HIGHLIGHTS
* Implementation of IFRS; 2006 comparable numbers are now restated
* Turnover at ¤880,000 (2006: ¤1,014,000)
* Operating Loss of ¤142,000 (2006 as restated: Loss ¤399,000)
* Net Loss of ¤258,000 (2006 as restated: Loss ¤437,000)
* Institutional Placing of shares in April 2007 raised ¤25.7 million
OPERATIONAL HIGHLIGHTS
* Successful appraisal well at Hook Head logged 75 ft of net pay in
the Celtic Sea (SEL 2/07)
* Hook Head testing programme currently ongoing
* Granted new Licensing Option 07/1, which is adjacent to the Hook
Head Licence
* Two new wells discovered and now producing at High Island A268 in
Gulf of Mexico
* Agreed acquisition of majority stake in the Singleton oilfield,
onshore UK
* Initial farm out and licensing of new seismic data over Spanish
Point
* Partial farm out of SEL 's 2/07 and 3/07 to Sosina, Dyas, Atlantic
and Forest Gate
* Extension of Licensing Option 05/3 over Apollo prospect in the St.
George's Channel
* Decision taken to drill Crosby in East Irish Sea
Commenting on today's Interim Results, Tony O'Reilly Jnr., Chief
Executive of Providence Resources P.l.c., said:
"2007 has already seen a huge amount of successful activity,
including the discovery and production from two new wells at High
Island and increasing, to a majority stake, our holding in the
Singleton oil field, which will enhance future revenue as we move to
increase our daily production to our initial target of 2,000 BOEPD.
"We have also recently commenced our testing programme at Hook Head,
which is a major milestone for the Company as it successfully logged
75 ft of net pay and has a better than expected reservoir quality.
Combined with the data that will be collated from the ongoing testing
programme, these results now move us nearer to a development
programme for Hook Head. The recent awarding of a new Licensing
Option 07/1, adjacent to Hook Head, is a further step towards
building our acreage position in this new hydrocarbon province.
"Additionally, consistent with our stated objective to ensure that we
have a balanced and diverse portfolio of production, development and
exploration assets, the Company continues to advance its other
various projects. These include Spanish Point, off the west coast of
Ireland, AJE in Nigeria, Crosby in the East Irish Sea and the Irish
exploration prospects at Dunquin, Goban Spur and in the St. Georges
Channel. We also continue to look for new production opportunities in
different territories and look forward to outlining further details
over the coming months.
"Noting all these elements, at a time of robust commodity prices,
shareholders can look to the future with real confidence".
The full Interim Report, Financial Statements and Company Outlook are
set out below.
Contacts:
Providence Resources Plc Tel: +353 1 219 4074
Tony O'Reilly Jnr., Chief Executive
Powerscourt Tel: +44 (0) 207 250 1446
Rory Godson/Elizabeth Rous
Murray Consultants Tel: +353 1 498 0300
Pauline McAlester
Notes to Editors
About Providence
Providence Resources Plc is an independent oil and gas exploration
company listed on the AIM market in London and on Dublin's IEX
market. The Company was founded in 1997, but with roots going back to
1981 when it predecessor company, Atlantic Resources Plc was formed
by a group of investors led by Sir Anthony O'Reilly.
Providence's active oil and gas portfolio includes interests in
Ireland (offshore), the United Kingdom (onshore and offshore), the
United States (offshore) and West Africa (offshore Nigeria).
Providence's portfolio is balanced between production, appraisal and
exploration assets, as well as being diversified geographically.
Comprehensive information on Providence and its oil and gas
portfolio, including all press releases, annual reports and interim
reports are available from Providence's website at
www.providenceresources.com
PROVIDENCE RESOURCES P.l.c.
INTERIM REPORT AND FINANCIAL STATEMENTS FOR THE SIX MONTHS
ENDED 30 JUNE 2007
FINANCIAL
Adoption of IFRS
In line with Stock Exchange regulations, the Company is required to
prepare its financial statements in accordance with new accounting
policies under International Financial Reporting Standards ('IFRS'),
with effect from January 1st, 2007. As explained in the notes to the
financial statements (including the table that reconciles the
Consolidated Balance Sheet from Irish GAAP to IFRS) on the accounting
impact of the adoption of IFRS, the most significant changes that
impact the transition are the expensing of non-licence interests, the
expensing of the warrants issued to Macquarie in the first half of
2006 and the write-down of past drilling costs.
Financial Results for the Half-Year
Turnover for the six month period to 30 June 2007 of ¤880,000 from
the Company's 20% interest in the Singleton oil field was down due to
a lower average oil price in the first half of the year, allied to
weakness in the US Dollar. The Company's 20% share of oil production
in the first half of 2007 averaged 102 barrels of oil per day (BOPD)
at an average price of $63.15 (HI 2006: 105 BOPD at an average price
of $65.69). The Company recorded an operating loss of ¤142,000 for
the first 6 months (2006 as restated: Loss ¤399,000). The loss for
the financial period was ¤258,000 (HI 2006 as restated: Loss
¤437,000).
With the oversubscribed institutional share placing of 368.2 million
new ordinary shares at euro 7 cents raising ¤25.774 million in April
2007, the balance sheet at the half year was strengthened in advance
of the Hook Head drilling Programme. Cash resources were ¤ 23.417
million, with no debt drawn from available financing facilities.
PRODUCTION
Acquisition of Majority Stake in Singleton, Onshore UK
The Company's current strategy to increase production to an initial
target of 2,000 barrels of oil equivalent per day (BOEPD) took a big
step forward in the first half of 2007. In April, your Company
announced that it had reached agreement to acquire the majority stake
(79.125%) of the Singleton field, where your Company has previously
held a 20% stake for the past 17 years. This acquisition is a key
stepping stone for the Company to achieve its production objectives
and should initially contribute to Providence, on a projected
annualised basis, over 600 BOEPD*. Further optimisation
opportunities, including monetising some of the associated gas
production that is currently being flared, will also yield
opportunities for increased production volumes, as will the
deployment of enhanced oil recovery techniques.
(*including associated gas production)
High Island A268, Offshore Gulf of Mexico
Through its affiliation with a private industry grouping in the
United States who identify, procure and execute production and near
production opportunities, your Company became involved in High Island
A268 in the Gulf of Mexico, by taking a 5% share in December 2006.
With an initial well drilled in January 2007, and a follow on well
drilled in July 2007, the High Island A268 gas field has now been
successfully developed and 2 commercial gas wells are now in
production. Projected to produce up to 150 BOEPD**, these production
wells were brought on stream within 8 months from the initial
discovery, clearly demonstrating the benefits of fast track
developments in the Gulf of Mexico.
New Production Opportunities
In addition to looking to increase production from Singleton and High
Island A268, your Company continues to evaluate a number of other
production opportunities, both in existing areas of operation in the
United Kingdom and the Gulf of Mexico, but also in new geographic
areas. Further news flow is expected in the coming months on this.
Importantly, with existing resources and the ¤50 million Macquarie
Revolving Credit Facility in place, your Company has the financial
capability to invest in appropriate development and production
opportunities as they arise.
DRILLING
Hook Head Drilling
On September 10th, your Company announced that it had logged 75 ft of
net pay at its Hook Head appraisal well. The important announcement
confirmed that all geological horizons were encountered within the
pre-drill depth prognosis and significant oil and gas shows were
encountered. The Company confirmed that, based on these results, the
partners elected to immediately move to a testing programme. This
testing programme is currently ongoing and a further announcement
will be made on completion.
Outline 2008 Drilling
Looking further ahead, your Company is already actively planning for
further drilling in 2008. The biggest issue, as it is for all oil
and gas E&P companies, is the securing of drilling vessels and this
is no different for Providence. Obviously, the testing results from
Hook Head will influence future drilling decisions in the Celtic Sea,
but the Company is already examining opportunities to secure drilling
vessels for a multi-well development drilling programme for 2008.
Off the west coast of Ireland, your Company is seeking to secure,
from the market, a drilling vessel capable of appraisal drilling at
Spanish Point. Drilling decisions regarding Dunquin and/or the Goban
Spur Basin drilling will be taken by ExxonMobil, Sosina and the
Company.
Overseas, the partners in the East Irish Sea have agreed, subject to
rig, to drill Crosby in 2008. In West Africa, your Company continues
to discuss how best to advance drilling opportunities there and will
report back when decisions have been made. Finally, in pursuit of
incremental production from existing producing fields, your Company
is currently looking at drilling additional wells at Singleton and in
the Gulf of Mexico, as well as looking at possible new opportunities
there.
(** operator estimates)
OPERATIONS
Celtic Sea
The results of the Hook Head testing programme, and the securing of a
drilling vessel, will be the key determinants of the future work plan
for the Celtic Sea portfolio in 2008. Obviously, the Company's
intention will be to move aggressively towards development,
consistent with our pre-drill statements. The results from Hook Head
will also influence future plans for other Celtic Sea assets at the
Dunmore, Helvick, Ardmore and Blackrock assets and these will be
considered by Providence and its partners.
The recent award of Licensing Option 07/1, in part blocks 49/15,
50/7, 8, 11, 12 & 13, which is adjacent to the Hook Head Field, is
another positive step forward for the Celtic Sea portfolio. This new
licensing area, covering 375 km², contains a number of significant
mapped leads and prospects at a similar level to those, which are
hydrocarbon bearing in the Hook Head structure.
Following various farm-outs announced earlier this year and
subsequent adjustments, the equity participation in the Celtic Sea
portfolio (held under SEL's 2/07 and 3/07 and Licensing Option 07/1)
is now: Providence 43.5%, Challenger Minerals (Celtic Sea) Ltd.
16.3%, Dyas BV 16.3%, Atlantic Petroleum (Ireland) Ltd. 10.8%, Forest
Gate Resources Inc. 7.5% and Sosina Exploration Limited 5.4%.
St. George's Channel - Pegasus, Dionysus and Apollo
Providence holds its 100% interest in the Pegasus and Dionysus
prospects through SEL 1/07, which was awarded in March of this year.
These prospects are located to the north of Marathon's undeveloped
Dragon Gas Field, approximately 25% of which extends into SEL 1/07.
To the west of Dionysus and Pegasus is the large untested Apollo
Prospect, which was the subject of the just announced extension of
Licensing Option 05/3.
All of these prospects are on trend with other oil and gas
discoveries in the Celtic Sea, and your Company is actively marketing
these prospects to the industry.
Porcupine Basin - Spanish Point & Burren and Dunquin & Goban Spur
Basin
Spanish Point, a proven discovery with estimated 2C resources of 1.4
TSCF and 160 MMBO, is currently the subject of an exclusive marketing
programme to the industry as a pre-cursor to finalising details for a
future drilling programme. It is hoped that a drilling syndicate can
be assembled with the objective of drilling in 2008, subject to rig
availability. To further facilitate planned drilling at Spanish
Point and to provide improved imaging of the nearby Burren oil
discovery, the Company licensed part of GX Technology's long offset
North East Atlantic SPAN(TM) Survey. This was successfully carried
out in July/August, 2007 and the data is now being prepared for
interpretation.
Providence operates the Dunquin Prospect on behalf of its partners,
ExxonMobil and Sosina. Further de-risking of this prospect continued
with various geological and geotechnical techniques being applied.
Whilst confidentiality conditions between the partners restrict
Providence from commenting specifically on work programmes either in
the past or future, the Company can confirm that it is very pleased
with the status to date and views the future with optimism.
Likewise, working in the Goban Spur Basin, Providence, ExxonMobil and
Sosina continue to advance a number of potential leads in this c.
4,000km² Licensing Option area.
East Irish Sea - West Lennox and Crosby
In the East Irish Sea, your Company continues to work on its West
Lennox and Crosby prospects, where it holds a 10% stake. Encouraging
sub-surface studies have lead the partners to upgrade the estimated
recoverable reserves and accordingly, to move forward with plans to
drill the Crosby Prospect. Drilling, which is subject to contracting
a rig, could take place in Q2/Q3, 2008.
Additionally, as a further demonstration of your Company's interest
in this highly prolific hydrocarbon producing region, the Company and
its West Lennox/Crosby partners applied for and were awarded a 25%
interest in the adjacent part blocks of 110/9b (Split) and 110/14b
(Split) under the United Kingdom's 24th Seaward Licensing Round.
Sub-surface studies have now commenced in this area.
West Africa - AJE
In Nigeria, forward plans for the potential drilling at AJE continue
to be developed and an announcement will be made as plans are
finalised.
ENERGY AND THE ENVIRONMENT
The Company believes that it has a role to play in addressing energy
supply in an environmentally responsible manner. In addition to its
ongoing exploration, development and production projects, which are
carried out in accordance with all environmental rules and
regulations, the Company is also a contributing player to the Irish
Government sponsored initiative on new energy sources, including
methane gas hydrates.
OUTLOOK
As this interim report demonstrates, your Company has been
exceptionally busy on all fronts: Exploration, Development/Drilling
and Production. Happily, we are able to report substantial progress
in all these areas and the future outlook is very positive. Allied
to the anticipated increased revenue from our producing interests,
the macro-pricing environment for oil and gas remains very healthy,
as does the demand for hydrocarbons, particularly in Europe.
Looking ahead, we expect a continuation of these trends and factors,
thereby positioning your Company for continued further growth.
Tony O'Reilly Jnr
Chief Executive Officer
September 25th, 2007
PROVIDENCE RESOURCES P.l.c.
INTERIM REPORT AND FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE SIX MONTHS ENDED 30 JUNE 2007
Financial Section attached includes the following:
Consolidated Income Statement
Consolidated Balance Sheet
Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows
Notes to the Interim Statement
Provisional Statement of Accounting Policies
Reconciliation of Irish GAAP to IFRS at 30 June 2006
Providence Resources P.l.c.
Consolidated Income Statement
For the six months ended 30 June 2007
Measured in accordance with IFRS accounting
policies set out therein
Unaudited Unaudited
As restated
30 June 30 June
2007 2006
¤000 ¤000
Revenue - continuing operations 880 1,014
Cost of sales (289) (285)
-------- ---------
Gross profit 591 729
Administration expenses (615) (677)
Pre-licence expenditure (118) (451)
-------- ---------
Loss from operating activities (142) (399)
--------- --------
Finance income 211 32
Finance expenses - interest (147) (1)
Finance expenses - Macquarie loan warrants (180) (69)
finance cost
--------- --------
Net finance expense (116) (38)
--------- --------
Loss before income tax (258) (437)
Income tax expense - -
-------- ---------
Loss for the financial period - continuing (258) (437)
operations
- attributable to equity shareholders of ===== =====
the company
Loss Per Ordinary Share (cent) 0.011c 0.021c
- Basic and fully diluted ====== ======
Providence Resources P.l.c.
Unaudited Unaudited
Consolidated Balance Sheet as at 30 June As restated
2007
Measured in accordance with IFRS 30 June 2007 30 June 2006
accounting policies set out therein
¤000 ¤000
Assets
Exploration and evaluation assets 15,336 11,393
Development and production assets 1,703 1,363
Property, plant and equipment 188 123
Available for sale equity investments 1,050 -
Deferred Macquarie financing costs 1,012 1,372
--------- -------
Total non-current assets 19,289 14,251
--------- -------
Trade and other receivables 693 655
Prepayments for current assets 15 31
Cash and cash equivalents 23,417 1,569
---------- ----------
Total current assets 24,125 2,255
---------- ----------
Total assets 43,414 16,506
===== ====
Equity
Share capital 14,228 13,784
Share premium 55,029 30,931
Capital conversion reserve fund 623 623
Foreign currency translation reserve 116 (29)
Retained earnings (33,933) (33,268)
Share based payment reserve 530 113
Macquarie loan warrants reserve 1,441 1,441
--------- ---------
Total equity attributable to equity 38,034 13,595
holders of the Company
--------- ---------
Liabilities
Deferred income - 1
Provisions 1,627 1,622
---------- -------
Total non-current liabilities 1,627 1,623
--------- -------
Trade and other payables 3,753 1,288
--------- -------
Total current liabilities 3,753 1,288
--------- -------
Total liabilities 5,380 2,911
--------- -------
Total equity and liabilities 43,414 16,506
===== ====
Providence Resources P.l.c.
Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows
For the six months ended 30 June 2007 Unaudited Unaudited
Measured in accordance with IFRS accounting policies set out As
therein restated
30 June 30 June
2007 2006
¤000
¤000
Loss before income tax for the period (258) (437)
Adjustments for:
Depletion and Depreciation 124 131
Net finance expense 116 38
Equity-settled share-based payment transactions 60 33
Change in trade and other receivables 1,771 119
Change in trade and other payables 1,164 (173)
Foreign exchange adjustments 22 (29)
Interest paid (147) (1)
---------- ---------
Net cash from operating 2,852 (319)
activities
(461)
---------- ---------
Cash flows from financing activities
Interest received 211 32
Acquisition of exploration and evaluation assets (2,813) (1,136)
Acquisition of equity investments (1,050) -
---------- ---------
Net cash used in investing activities (3,652) (1,104)
---------- ---------
Cash flows from financing activities
Proceeds from issue of share capital 24,516 -
Repayment of borrowings (4,780) -
---------- ---------
Net cash from financing activities 19,736 -
---------- ---------
Net increase/(decrease) in cash and cash equivalents 18,936 (1,423)
Cash and cash equivalents at 1 January 4,481 2,992
---------- ---------
Cash and cash equivalents at 30 June 23,417 1,569
===== =====
Providence Resources P.l.c.
Notes to the Interim Statement
1. The results for the six month periods ended 30 June 2007 and 2006
are neither audited nor reviewed.
2. The accounting policies adopted on transition from Irish Generally
Accepted Accounting Policies (GAAP) as previously adopted, to
International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) with effect from
the transition date of 1 January 2006 are set out below in the
provisional statement of accounting policies. These policies have
been applied consistently to all years presented in these
consolidated unaudited interim financial statements.
3. Explanations of how the transition to IFRS has affected the
previously reported financial position in the period ended 31
December 2006 under GAAP are shown below.
Assets - Oil and gas interests
Under IFRS 6, the Board has reviewed the carrying value of its oil
and gas interests in Helvick and Blackrock within the Group's
portfolio. In the absence of significant identifiable work
programmes in the near future on these oil and gas prospects the
Board has concluded that it is appropriate to write down the carrying
value of these interests. The impact of these write down are
presented as prior year adjustments where appropriate. For the period
ended 30 June 2006, the adjustment in the Income Statement is
¤239,000 and the cumulative adjustment to Retained Earnings is
¤8,253,000 at 31 December, 2005.
Under IFRS 6, expenditure on non-licensed oil and gas interests are
expensed as incurred. For the period ended 30 June 2006, the
adjustment in the Income Statement is ¤212,000 and the cumulative
adjustment to Retained Earnings is ¤779,000 at 31 December 2005. See
attached reconciliation table on Page 19.
4. Macquarie Warrants
In accordance with IAS 39 - Financial Instruments: Recognition and
Measurement, the Group has fair valued warrants issued to Macquarie
bank using an option pricing model. The fair value attributable to
these warrants of ¤1,441,000 has been included within equity under
Macquarie Loan Warrants Reserve with a corresponding Deferred cost
included within non-current assets. The deferred cost is amortised
over the four year life of the revolving credit facility. In the six
months to 30 June 2007, ¤180,000 has been charged to the income
statement (30 June 2006 ¤69,000) and the cumulative amount to 30
June, 2007 amounts to ¤429,000.
5. The calculation of the loss per share is based on the loss for the
financial period of ¤258,000 divided by the weighted average number
of ordinary shares in issue during the period ended 30 June 2007 of
2,262,720,503 and during the period ended 30 June 2006 of
2,097,831,000. There is no material difference between the
computation of basic and diluted earnings per ordinary share.
6. The Interim Statement will be sent to registered shareholders and
is available on the Company's website at
www.providenceresources.com. Further copies will be available from
the Company's offices at Airfield House, Airfield Park, Donnybrook,
Dublin 4.
Providence Resources P.l.c.
Provisional statement of accounting policies
Basis of preparation
European Union (EU) law and the IEX and AIM stock exchange rules
require that the next annual consolidated financial statements of the
Group for the year ended 31 December 2007 be prepared in accordance
with International accounting standards adopted for use in the EU.
The interim financial information for the period to 30 June 2007 as
has been prepared in accordance with International Financial
Reporting Standards adopted by the European Union (EU) (IFRS's) and
which will be effective at 31 December 2007 or are expected to be
adopted and effective by that date, the Group's first annual
reporting date at which it is required to use IFRS's.
International accounting standards adopted for use in the EU that
will be effective in the annual financial statements for the year
ending 31 December 2007 are still subject to change and to additional
interpretations and therefore cannot be determined with certainty.
Accordingly, the accounting policies for that annual period will be
determined finally only when the annual financial statements are
prepared for the year ending 31 December 2007, and those set out
below are provisional only.
Where estimates had been made under Irish GAAP, consistent estimates
(after adjustments to reflect any difference in accounting policies)
have been made on transition to IFRS's. Judgements affecting the
balance sheets of the Group have not been revisited with the benefit
of hindsight. The Group have taken advantage of the following
exemptions as permitted under IFRS 1 - First-time Adoption of
International Financial Reporting Standards:
* IAS 21 - The effects of changes in Foreign Exchange Rates, requires
that on disposal of a foreign operation, the cumulative amount of
currency translation differences previously recognised directly in
reserves for that operation be transferred to the income statement
as part of the profit or loss on disposal. Providence Resources
PLC has deemed the cumulative currency translation differences
applicable to foreign operations to be zero as at the transition
date as permitted by IFRS 1. The cumulative currency translation
differences arising before the transition date have been set to
zero and adjusted for within retained earnings.
* In accordance with the exemption permitted in IFRS 1, the fair
value adjustments in respect of share based payments as required by
IFRS-2 "Share Based Payment", have been applied only in respect of
share options granted after 7 November 2002, but not fully vested
by the date of transition to IFRS.
The interim consolidated financial statements are presented in euro,
rounded to the nearest thousand (¤'000) except when otherwise
indicated. Euro is the functional currency of the parent and the
majority of the Group's subsidiaries. The interim statement is
prepared on a historical cost basis except for the measurement of
share options and warrants which are stated at fair value at grant
date and available for sale assets which are at fair value. The
preparation of financial statements requires management to use
judgements, estimates and assumptions that affect the application of
policies and reported amounts of assets, liabilities, income and
expenses. Actual results may differ from those estimates. Estimates
and underlying assumptions are reviewed on an ongoing basis.
Revisions to accounting estimates are recognised in the period in
which the estimate is revised and in any future periods affected.
The preparation of the financial statements under EU IFRS has
resulted in changes to the accounting policies from the most recent
annual financial statements prepared under Irish GAAP.
The accounting policies set out below have been applied consistently
to all periods presented in this interim statement, except as
otherwise stated.
Basis of consolidation
The consolidated financial statements include the financial
statements of Providence Resources Plc and its subsidiaries.
Subsidiaries are entities controlled by the Group. Control exists
when the Group has the power to govern the financial and operating
policies of an entity so as to obtain benefits from its activities.
In assessing control, potential voting rights that presently are
exercisable are taken into account. The financial statements of
subsidiaries are included in the consolidated financial statements
from the date that control commences until the date that control
ceases.
Intra-group balances, and any unrealised income and expenses arising
from intra-group transactions, are eliminated in preparing the
consolidated financial statements. Unrealised gains arising from
transactions with equity accounted investees are eliminated against
the investment to the extent of the Group's interest in the investee.
Unrealised losses are eliminated in the same way as unrealised gains,
but only to the extent that there is no evidence of impairment.
Revenue recognition
Revenue is recognised to the extent that it is probable that the
economic benefits will flow to the Group, that it can be reliably
measured, that the product passes out of the ownership of the Group
to external customers pursuant to enforceable sales contracts and
that the significant risks and rewards of ownership of oil have
passed to the buyer. Revenue comprises the invoiced value of oil
supplied by the Group and excludes inter-company sales, trade
discounts and value added tax.
Employee benefits
(i) Defined contribution plans
Obligations for contributions to defined contribution pension
plans are recognised as an expense in profit or loss when they are
due.
(ii) Share based payments
The Company's "2005 scheme" falls within the scope of and is
accounted for under the provisions of IFRS 2 - Share Based Payment.
Accordingly, the fair value of the options granted under this scheme,
after 7 November 2002 and which had not yet vested as at 1 January
2006, is recognised as a personnel expense with a corresponding
increase in the "Share based payment reserve". The fair value is
measured using an option pricing model, taking into account the terms
and conditions upon which the options were granted. The amount
recognised as an expense is adjusted to reflect the actual number of
share options that vest, except where forfeiture is only due to share
prices not achieving the threshold for vesting.
Foreign currency
(i) Foreign currency transactions
Transactions in foreign currencies are translated to the respective
functional currencies of Group entities at exchange rates at the
dates of the transactions. Monetary assets and liabilities
denominated in foreign currencies at the reporting date are
retranslated to the functional currency at the exchange rate at that
date. The foreign currency gain or loss on monetary items is the
difference between amortised cost in the functional currency at the
beginning of the period, adjusted for effective interest and payments
during the period, and the amortised cost in foreign currency
translated at the exchange rate at the end of the period.
Non-monetary assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currencies
that are measured at fair value are retranslated to the functional
currency at the exchange rate at the date that the fair value was
determined. Foreign currency differences arising on retranslation are
recognised in profit or loss, except for differences arising on the
retranslation of available-for-sale equity instruments or a financial
liability designated as a hedge of the net investment in a foreign
operation (see (ii) below).
(ii) Foreign operations
The assets and liabilities of foreign operations are translated to
Euro at exchange rates at the reporting date. The income and expenses
of foreign operations are translated to Euro at exchange rates at the
dates of the transactions.
Foreign currency differences are recognised directly in equity. Since
1 January 2006, the Group's date of transition to IFRS, such
differences have been recognised in the foreign currency translation
reserve (FCTR). When a foreign operation is disposed of, in part or
in full, the relevant amount in the FCTR is transferred to profit or
loss
Income tax expense
Income tax expense comprises current and deferred tax. Income tax
expense is recognised in profit or loss except to the extent that it
relates to items recognised directly in equity, in which case it is
recognised in equity.
Current tax is the expected tax payable on the taxable income for the
year, using tax rates enacted or substantively enacted at the
reporting date, and any adjustment to tax payable in respect of
previous years.
Deferred tax is recognised using the balance sheet method, providing
for temporary differences between the carrying amounts of assets and
liabilities for financial reporting purposes and the amounts used for
taxation purposes. Deferred tax is not recognised for the following
temporary differences: the initial recognition of goodwill, the
initial recognition of assets or liabilities in a transaction that is
not a business combination and that affects neither accounting nor
taxable profit, and differences relating to investments in
subsidiaries and jointly controlled entities to the extent that they
are unlikely to reverse in the foreseeable future. Deferred tax is
measured at the tax rates that are expected to be applied to the
temporary differences when they reverse, based on the laws that have
been enacted or substantively enacted by the reporting date.
A deferred tax asset is recognised to the extent that it is probable
that future taxable profits will be available against which temporary
difference can be utilised. Deferred tax assets are reviewed at each
reporting date and are reduced to the extent that it is no longer
probable that the related tax benefit will be realised.
Additional income taxes that arise from the distribution of dividends
are recognised at the same time as the liability to pay the related
dividend is recognised.
Lease payments
Payments made under operating leases are recognised in profit or loss
on a straight-line basis over the term of the lease. Lease incentives
received are recognised as an integral part of the total lease
expense, over the term of the lease.
Minimum lease payments made under finance leases are apportioned
between the finance expense and the reduction of the outstanding
liability. The finance expense is allocated to each period during the
lease term so as to produce a constant periodic rate of interest on
the remaining balance of the liability. Contingent lease payments are
accounted for by revising the minimum lease payments over the
remaining term of the lease when the lease adjustment is confirmed.
Finance income and expenses
Finance income comprises interest income on funds invested, dividend
income, gains on the disposal of available-for-sale financial assets
and foreign currency gains. Interest income is recognised as it
accrues, using the effective interest method. Dividend income is
recognised on the date that the Group's right to receive payment is
established, which in the case of quoted securities is the
ex-dividend date.
Finance expenses comprise interest or finance expense on borrowings,
unwinding of the discount on provisions, foreign currency losses and
impairment losses recognised on financial assets. All borrowing costs
are recognised in profit or loss using the effective interest method.
Exploration and evaluation assets and property plant and equipment -
development and production assets
The Group has adopted IFRS 6 "Exploration for and Evaluation of
Mineral Resources" in preparing these financial statements.
(i) Exploration and evaluation assets
Expenditure incurred prior to obtaining the legal rights to
explore an area is written off to the income statement. Expenditures
incurred on the acquisition of a licence interest are initially
capitalised on a licence by licence basis considering the degree to
which the expenditure can be associated with finding specific
reserves. Exploration and evaluation expenditure incurred in the
process of determining exploration targets is also capitalised. No
value is attributed to exploration licenses granted. These
expenditures are held undepleted within the exploration licence asset
until such time as the exploration phase on the licence area is
complete or commercial reserves have been discovered.
Exploration and evaluation drilling costs are capitalised
within each licence area until the success or otherwise of the well
has been established. Unless further evaluation expenditures in the
licence area have been planned and agreed or unless the drilling
results indicate that hydrocarbon reserves exist and there is a
reasonable prospect that these reserves are commercial, drilling
costs are written off.
Exploration and evaluation assets are initially held at cost
and are not revalued.
(ii) Property, plant and equipment - development and production
oil and gas assets
Following appraisal of successful exploration wells and the
establishment of commercial reserves, the related capitalised
exploration and evaluation expenditures are reclassified as
development and production oil and gas assets.
Subsequent expenditure is capitalised only where it either enhances
the economic benefits of the development and production assets or
replaces part of the existing development and production assets. Any
costs associated with the replacement of assets are expensed to the
income statement.
(iii) Depletion
The Group depletes expenditure on developed and producing properties
on a unit of production basis, based on proved and probable reserves
on a cost pool basis. Capitalised costs together with anticipated
future development costs calculated at price levels ruling at the
balance sheet date, are amortised on a unit of production basis.
Amortisation is calculated by reference to the proportion that
production for the period bears to the total of the estimated
remaining commercial reserves as at the beginning of the period.
Changes in reserves quantities and cost estimates are recognised
prospectively.
(iv) Impairment
Impairment reviews on developed and producing properties are
carried out on each cash-generating unit identified in accordance
with IAS 36 "Impairment of Assets". The Group's cash-generating
units are those assets which generate largely independent cash flows
and are normally, but not always, single development areas or fields.
Exploration and evaluation assets are reviewed regularly for
indicators of impairment and costs are written off where
circumstances indicate that the carrying value might not be
recoverable. In such circumstances, the exploration and evaluation
asset is allocated to development and production assets within the
same cash generating unit and tested for impairment to assess whether
the net book value of capitalised costs in each pool, together with
the future costs of development of undeveloped reserves, is covered
by the discounted future net revenues from the reserves within that
pool, calculated at prices prevailing at the year end. Any such
impairment arising is recognised in the income statement for the
period. Where there are no development and production assets, the
impaired costs of exploration and evaluation are charged immediately
to the income statement.
Where there has been a change for impairment in an earlier
period, that charge will be reversed in a later period where there
has been a change in circumstances to the extent that the discounted
future net cash flows are higher than the net book value at the
time. In reversing impairment losses, the carrying amount of the
asset will be increased to the lower of its original carrying value
or the carrying value that would have been determined (net of
depletion) had no impairment loss been recognised in prior periods.
(v) Decommissioning costs
Provision is made for the decommissioning of oil and gas
wells and other oilfield facilities. The cost of decommissioning is
determined through discounting the amounts expected to be payable to
their present value at the date the provision is recorded and is
reassessed at each balance sheet date. This amount is included
within developed and producing assets by cost pool and the liability
is included in provisions. Such cost is depleted over the life of
the cost pool on a unit of production basis and charged to the income
statement. The unwinding of the discount is reflected as a finance
cost in the income statement over the remaining life of the well.
Other property, plant and equipment
Other property, plant and equipment is measured at cost less
accumulated depreciation and impairment losses.
Cost includes expenditures that are directly attributable to the
acquisition of the asset. The cost of self-constructed assets
includes the cost of materials and direct labour, any other costs
directly attributable to bringing the asset to a working condition
for its intended use, and the costs of dismantling and removing the
items and restoring the site on which they are located. Purchased
software that is integral to the functionality of the related
equipment is capitalised as part of that equipment.
When parts of an item of property, plant and equipment
have different useful lives, they are accounted for as separate items
(major components) of property, plant and equipment.
The estimated useful lives for the current and comparative
periods are as follows:
* buildings 3-10 years
* furniture and equipment 3-10 years
Leased assets
Leases in terms of which the Group assumes substantially all the
risks and rewards of ownership are classified as finance leases. Upon
initial recognition the leased asset is measured at an amount equal
to the lower of its fair value and the present value of the minimum
lease payments. Subsequent to initial recognition, the asset is
accounted for in accordance with the accounting policy applicable to
that asset.
Other leases are operating leases and, except for investment
property, the leased assets are not recognised on the Group's balance
sheet. Investment property held under an operating lease is
recognised on the Group's balance sheet at its fair value.
Financial assets
Investments in subsidiary undertakings are stated at cost less
provision for impairment in the company's balance sheet.
Loans to subsidiary undertakings are initially recorded at fair value
in the company balance sheet and subsequently at amortised cost using
an effective interest rate methodology.
Financial instruments
(i) Non-derivative financial instruments
Non-derivative financial instruments comprise
investments in equity and debt securities, trade and other
receivables, cash and cash equivalents, loans and borrowings, and
trade and other payables.
Non-derivative financial instruments are
recognised initially at fair value plus, for instruments not at fair
value through profit or loss, any directly attributable transaction
costs, except as described below. Subsequent to initial recognition
non-derivative financial instruments are measured as described below.
A financial instrument is recognised if the Group becomes a
party to the contractual provisions of the instrument. Financial
assets are derecognised if the Group's contractual rights to the cash
flows from the financial assets expire or if the Group transfers the
financial asset to another party without retaining control or
substantially all risks and rewards of the asset. Regular way
purchases and sales of financial assets are accounted for at trade
date, i.e., the date that the Group commits itself to purchase or
sell the asset. Financial liabilities are derecognised if the Group's
obligations specified in the contract expire or are discharged or
cancelled.
Cash and cash equivalents comprise cash balances and call
deposits. Bank overdrafts that are repayable on demand and form an
integral part of the Group's cash management are included as a
component of cash and cash equivalents for the purpose of the
statement of cash flows.
(ii) Available-for-sale financial assets
The Group's investments in equity securities and
certain debt securities are classified as available-for-sale
financial assets. Subsequent to initial recognition, they are
measured at fair value and changes therein, other than impairment
losses, and foreign exchange gains and losses on available-for-sale
monetary items, are recognised directly in equity. When an investment
is derecognised, the cumulative gain or loss in equity is transferred
to profit or loss.
(iii) Compound financial instruments
Compound financial instruments issued by the Group comprise
borrowings that were drawn down with associated issuance of equity
warrants. As the warrants issued were for a fixed number at a fixed
price, this element of the instrument is recognised within equity
with a corresponding deferred cost within non-current assets which is
amortised over the length of the credit facility.
Trade and other receivables
Trade receivables, which generally have 30 to 90 day terms, are
recognised and carried at original invoice amount less an allowance
for any estimated shortfall in receipt. An estimate of any shortfall
in receipt is made when there is objective evidence that a loss has
been incurred. Bad debts are written off when identified.
Provisions
A provision is recognised if, as a result of a past event, the Group
has a present legal or constructive obligation that can be estimated
reliably, and it is probable that an outflow of economic benefits
will be required to settle the obligation. Provisions are determined
by discounting the expected future cash flows at a pre-tax rate that
reflects current market assessments of the time value of money and
the risks specific to the liability.
Ordinary shares
Incremental costs directly attributable to issue of ordinary shares
and share options are recognised as a deduction from equity.
Earnings per share
The Group presents basic and diluted earnings per share (EPS) data
for its ordinary shares. Basic EPS is calculated by dividing the
profit or loss attributable to ordinary shareholders of the Company
by the weighted average number of ordinary shares outstanding during
the period. Diluted EPS is determined by adjusting the profit or loss
attributable to ordinary shareholders and the weighted average number
of ordinary shares outstanding for the effects of all dilutive
potential ordinary shares, which comprise convertible notes and share
options granted to employees.
Segment reporting
A segment is a distinguishable component of the Group that is engaged
either in providing related products or services (business segment),
or in providing products or services within a particular economic
environment (geographical segment), which is subject to risks and
rewards that are different from those of other segments. The Group's
primary format for segment reporting is based on geographical
segments.
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