The Board is responsible for managing the business of HSBC Holdings and, in doing so, may exercise its powers, subject to any relevant laws and regulations and to the Articles of Association. In particular, the Board may exercise all the powers of the Company to borrow money and to mortgage or charge all or any part of the undertaking, property or assets (present or future) of HSBC Holdings and may also exercise any of the powers conferred on it by the Companies Act 2006 and/or by shareholders. The Board is able to delegate and confer on any Director holding executive office any of its powers, authorities and discretions (including the power to sub-delegate) for such time and on such terms as it thinks fits. In addition, the Board may establish any local or divisional boards or agencies for managing the business of HSBC Holdings in any specified locality and delegate and confer on any local or divisional board, manager or agent so appointed any of its powers, authorities and discretions (including the power to sub-delegate) for such time and on such terms as it thinks fit. The Board may also, by power of attorney or otherwise, appoint any person or persons to be the agent of HSBC Holdings and may delegate to any such person or persons any of its powers, authorities and discretions (including the power to sub-delegate) for such time and on such terms as it thinks fit.
The Board delegates the management and day-to-day running of HSBC to the GMB but retains to itself approval of certain matters including operating plans, risk appetite and performance targets, procedures for monitoring and controlling operations, the authority or the delegation of authority to approve credit, market risk limits, acquisitions, disposals, investments, capital expenditure or realisation or creation of a new venture, specified senior appointments and any substantial change in balance sheet management policy.
During 2012 the Board adopted terms of reference which are available at www.hsbc.com/1/2/ about/board-of-directors. The Board will review its terms of reference annually.
The Directors who served during the year were S A Catz, L M L Cha, M K T Cheung, J D Coombe, J Faber (appointed 1 March 2012), R A Fairhead, D J Flint, A A Flockhart (retired 31 July 2012), S T Gulliver, J W J Hughes-Hallett, W S H Laidlaw, J P Lipsky (appointed 1 March 2012), J R Lomax, I J Mackay, G Morgan (retired 25 May 2012), N R N Murthy (retired 31 December 2012), Sir Simon Robertson, J L Thornton and Sir Brian Williamson (retired 25 May 2012).
HSBC Holdings was registered in Hong Kong under part XI of the Companies Ordinance on 17 January 1991.
Eight Board meetings and a one-day strategy meeting were held in 2012. At least one Board meeting each year is held in a key strategic location outside the UK. During 2012, Board meetings were held in Hong Kong and Washington D.C.
The table below shows each Director's attendance at meetings of the Board held while he or she was a Director during 2012. One meeting of the Board was held at short notice in 2012.
Twelve meetings of committees of the Board appointed to discharge specific business were held during 2012. These meetings are not shown in the table below.
During 2012, the non-executive Directors and the Group Chairman met twice without the other executive Directors. The non-executive Directors also met twice without the Group Chairman, including to appraise the Group Chairman's performance.
Attendance record
|
Meetings attended |
Meetings eligible to attend as a Director |
|
|
|
S A Catz ............................. |
8 |
8 |
L M L Cha ......................... |
8 |
8 |
M K T Cheung ................... |
8 |
8 |
J D Coombe ....................... |
8 |
8 |
J Faber1,2 ............................ |
6 |
6 |
R A Fairhead3 ..................... |
6 |
8 |
D J Flint ............................. |
8 |
8 |
A A Flockhart4 .................. |
4 |
5 |
S T Gulliver ........................ |
8 |
8 |
J W J Hughes-Hallett .......... |
7 |
8 |
W S H Laidlaw ................... |
8 |
8 |
J P Lipsky1 ........................ |
6 |
6 |
J R Lomax ......................... |
8 |
8 |
I J Mackay ......................... |
8 |
8 |
G Morgan5 ......................... |
4 |
4 |
N R N Murthy6 .................. |
7 |
8 |
Sir Simon Robertson ........... |
8 |
8 |
J L Thornton ..................... |
8 |
8 |
Sir Brian Williamson5 ......... |
4 |
4 |
|
|
|
Meetings held in 2012 .... |
8 |
|
1 Appointed a Director on 1 March 2012.
2 Also attended one meeting by invitation before becoming a Director.
3 Took a temporary leave of absence due to illness.
4 Retired as a Director on 31 July 2012.
5 Retired as a Director on 25 May 2012.
6 Retired as a Director on 31 December 2012.
The roles of Group Chairman and Group Chief Executive are separate and held by experienced full‑time Directors. There is a clear division of responsibilities at the head of the Company between the running of the Board and the executive responsibility for running HSBC's business. The key responsibilities of the Group Chairman and the Group Chief Executive are set out below.
Key responsibilities
Group Chairman - D J Flint1 |
· Leads the Board and ensures its effectiveness. · Develops relationships with governments, regulators and investors. · Leads the Group's interactions on matters of public policy and regulatory reform with regard to the banking and financial services industry. · Maintains corporate reputation and character. · Undertakes performance management of the Group Chief Executive. |
Group Chief Executive - S T Gulliver1 |
· Develops, and delivers performance against, business plans. · Develops Group strategy, in agreement with the Group Chairman, for recommendation to the Board. · As Chairman of the GMB, drives performance within strategic goals and commercial objectives agreed by the Board. |
The Group Chief Executive has an office in London and in Hong Kong.
The key responsibilities of the Deputy Chairman and senior independent non-executive Director are set out below.
Key responsibilities
Deputy Chairman and senior independent non-executive Director - Sir Simon Robertson1 |
· Deputises for the Group Chairman at meetings of the Board or shareholders. · Supports the Group Chairman in his role. · Acts as an intermediary for other non-executive Directors · Leads the non-executive Directors in the oversight of the · Ensures there is a clear division of responsibility between the Group Chairman and Group Chief Executive. · Is available to shareholders should they have concerns which contact through the normal channels cannot resolve or for which such contact would be inappropriate. |
The Board includes a strong presence of both executive and non-executive Directors and no individual or small group can dominate its decision making. The size of the Board is appropriate given the complexity and geographical spread of our business and the significant time demands placed on the non-executive Directors, particularly those who serve as members of Board committees.
The Nomination Committee regularly reviews the structure, size and composition of the Board (including the skills, knowledge and experience required of Directors) necessary to address and challenge adequately key risks and issues that confront, or may confront, the Board and makes recommendations to the Board with regard to any changes.
During 2012, the Board adopted a Board diversity policy. Further information on this policy can be found on page 329.
The Board considers all of the non-executive Directors to be independent in character and judgement. The Board has determined S A Catz, L M L Cha, M K T Cheung, J B Comey, J D Coombe, J Faber, R A Fairhead, R Fassbind, J W J Hughes-Hallett, W S H Laidlaw, J P Lipsky, J R Lomax, Sir Simon Robertson and J L Thornton to be independent. When determining independence the Board considers that calculation of the length of service of a non-executive Director begins on the date of his or her first election by shareholders as a Director of HSBC Holdings. Given the complexity and geographical spread of our business, the experience of previous service on a HSBC subsidiary company board can be a considerable benefit and does not detract from a Director's independence. In reaching its determination of each non-executive Director's independence, the Board has concluded that there are no relationships or circumstances which are likely to affect a Director's judgement and any relationships or circumstances which could appear to do so were considered not to be material. From the conclusion of the Annual General Meeting in 2013, R A Fairhead will have served on the Board for more than nine years and, in that respect only, will not meet the usual criteria for independence set out in the UK Corporate Governance Code.
In accordance with the Rules Governing the Listing of Securities on the Stock Exchange of Hong Kong Limited, each non-executive Director determined by the Board to be independent has provided an annual confirmation of his or her independence to HSBC Holdings.
The Board regularly reviews reports on progress against financial objectives, business developments and investor and external relations. The chairmen of Board committees and the Group Chief Executive report to each meeting of the Board on the activities of the committees since the previous Board meeting. The Board receives regular reports and presentations on strategy and developments in the global businesses and principal geographical areas. Regular reports are also provided to the Board and Board committees on the Group's risk appetite profile, top and emerging risks, risk management, credit exposures and the Group's loan portfolio, asset and liability management, liquidity, litigation, compliance and reputational issues. The agenda and supporting papers are distributed in advance of all Board and Board committee meetings to allow time for appropriate review and to facilitate full discussion at the meetings. All Directors have full and timely access to all relevant information and may take independent professional advice if necessary at the Company's expense.
The Directors have free and open contact with management at all levels. When attending Board offsites and when travelling for other reasons, non‑executive Directors are encouraged to take opportunities to see business operations at first hand and to meet management.
Non-executive Directors have an open invitation to attend meetings of the GMB to further enhance their understanding and awareness of our businesses and the senior leadership team.
Induction
Full, formal and tailored induction programmes, with particular emphasis on risk management and internal controls systems, are arranged for newly appointed Directors. The programmes consist of a series of meetings with other Directors and senior executives to enable new Directors to familiarise themselves with our strategy, risk appetite and risk management, operations and internal controls. Directors also receive comprehensive guidance on directors' duties and liabilities. As part of the induction process the Group Company Secretary will coordinate a development programme based on an individual Director's needs. Induction programmes are also arranged for newly appointed members of committees.
Training and Development
Focused in-house training sessions are arranged in conjunction with scheduled Board meetings. Unless otherwise indicated, all Directors1 attended Board Meetings in 2012 at which briefings on the following topics were given:
· Capital market perspectives on HSBC2,3
· CMB strategy2 and business update
· GB&M strategy2 and business update
· RBWM strategy2 and business update
· GPB strategy2 and business update3
· Macroeconomic outlook2
· Europe strategy2
· US strategy2
· China strategy2
· Outlook for Greater China2
· Marks and Spencer Bank
· Latin America
· Global geopolitics
· IT infrastructure
Except:
1 R Fassbind and J B Comey who were not Directors at the time of the briefings.
2 J Faber and J P Lipsky who were not Directors at the time of the briefing.
3 R A Fairhead who was unable to attend the briefing.
In the performance of their roles as Group Chairman, Group Chief Executive and Group Finance Director, respectively, D J Flint, S T Gulliver and I J Mackay develop and refresh their skills and knowledge of the Group's businesses and operations through day-to-day interactions and briefings with senior management of the Group's businesses and functions; and presenting on the Group's businesses to investors and analysts. They remain abreast of developments affecting the financial services sector, and banking in particular, by representing HSBC's interests at conferences, advisory groups and other events and meetings with regulators and other authorities. During 2012, this included the activities set out below:
D J Flint
Chairman of the International Institute of Finance, including leading member's meetings and giving keynote speeches. Participated in panel discussions and gave key note speeches on economic growth and financial regulation at a number of leading events including the International Monetary Conference, the Hong Kong Trade Development Council's Think Asia Event, City Week 2012, a Chatham House conference, St. Gallen Symposium and The Salzburg Global Seminar. Gave the Aileen Beattie Memorial Lecture at the Institute of Chartered Accountants of Scotland on the opportunities to improve the financial services sector following the crisis. Presented to the Cambridge Executive Leadership Programme on leadership. Attended and participated in panel discussions at the World Economic Forum in Davos. Attended prudential regulation meetings with the FSA.
S T Gulliver
Gave keynote speeches at the Fung Global Institute annual forum and a Conservative Parliamentary China Group meeting on UK trade links with China. Gave presentations at several Asian-focussed events including the China Development Forum in Beijing, the China Investment Corporation global investment forum, the Association of Southeast Asian Nations Finance Minsters Investors Summit in Hong Kong and the International Advisory Council of the China Banking Regulatory Commission. Attended the World Economic Forum in Davos. Attended prudential regulation meetings with the FSA. Chaired the Group's strategy day for investors in London. Gave the keynote speech at an HSBC-led international corporate and structured banking event for UK exporters.
I J Mackay
Participated in meetings of the European Chief Financial Officers Network, the FSA Chief Financial Officers Group and the Bank for International Settlements. Attended conferences focused on Asian investment and European finance. Attended prudential regulation meetings with the FSA and the Hong Kong Monetary Authority. Presented at the Group's strategy day for investors in London and hosted regular meetings with investors in the UK, US and Hong Kong.
A personalised approach to training and development of non-executive Directors is applied. Non-executive Directors are given opportunities to update and develop their skills and knowledge through briefings by senior executives and externally run seminars. Non-executive Directors have access to internal training and development resources. Development plans and records of training and development activities are maintained by the Group Company Secretary to facilitate the Group Chairman's annual review of each non-executive Director.
In addition to the briefings given at Board Meetings of HSBC Holdings, the following non-executive Directors undertook bespoke training sessions and other activities, including attending Board committee meetings at which briefings were given during 2012 to develop and refresh their knowledge and skills as set out below:
S A Catz
Attended bespoke briefings on managing operational and reputational risk and recovery and resolution planning.
L M L Cha
Gave keynote speeches at the Institute of Directors in Hong Kong on the need for a financial services development council and at the Hong Kong Economic Summit. Participated in the Global Agenda Council on Global Financial system at the World Economic Forum. Attended bespoke briefings from HSBC Holdings on: senior management succession planning and diversity; extraterritorial application of laws and their impact on HSBC's global businesses; HSBC brand management and sponsorship portfolio; the Group's compliance assurance model; regulation and its impact on risk; and the FSA's 'Three lines of defence' operational risk model. As a director and Vice Chairman of The Hongkong and Shanghai Banking Corporation attended bespoke briefings or board meetings at which briefings were given on: the Group's business in Asia-Pacific; international operations; information technology; CMB; financial regulation; GB&M; the Hong Kong SAR's relationships with India and China; and RBWM in India. Participated in the annual forum for HSBC Group non-executive directors.
M K T Cheung
Attended events for independent non‑executive directors organised by KPMG and Deloitte and a seminar on international financial reporting standards organised by the Hong Kong Institute of Certified Public Accountants. Attended meetings of the Group Audit Committee at which briefings were given on developments in regulatory and accounting requirements and the regulatory environment. As a director of Hang Seng Bank attended bespoke briefings or board meetings at which briefings were given on: Basel III requirements; RBWM strategy; the Hong Kong Competition Ordinance; supervisory requirements of the Hong Kong Monetary Authority; changes to the Hong Kong Stock Exchange Listing
Rules; obligations under the Hong Kong Securities and Futures Ordinance; and mechanisms for core risk appetite measures. Participated in the annual forum for HSBC Group non-executive directors.
J D Coombe
Attended events for non-executive directors run by Tapestry Networks and Ernst & Young on bank governance and by PricewaterhouseCoopers on updates in financial accounting. Attended bespoke briefings on prudential regulation, reform of the UK financial services industry regulatory authorities and managing operational risk in the Finance global function. Attended meetings of Board committees at which briefings were given on the regulatory environment and developments in accounting requirements, risk and executive remuneration, the risk control frameworks for the global businesses, Group recovery and resolution planning and legal reform. Chaired the annual forum for the chairmen of HSBC Group audit and risk committees. Participated in the annual forum for HSBC Group non-executive directors.
J Faber
Undertook a personal induction programme comprising bespoke briefings on: CMB and GB&M, with particular focus on operations in the UK and Europe; the structure and responsibilities of a number of the Group's global functions, including: Strategy and Planning; Corporate Sustainability; Risk (including Compliance); Finance; and Legal; and corporate governance (including Directors' duties and obligations, HSBC's governance structure, Global Standards and Business Principles, international corporate governance codes and listing obligations). Attended bespoke briefings on prudential regulation and HSBC's business in Germany. Attended meetings of the Group Risk Committee at which briefings were given on the risk control frameworks for the global businesses, Group recovery and resolution planning and legal and regulatory reform.
R A Fairhead
Attended bespoke briefings on prudential regulation. Attended meetings of committees of the Board at which briefings were given on the regulatory environment and developments in accounting requirements and risk, the risk control frameworks for the global businesses, Group recovery and resolution planning and legal and regulatory reform. Participated in a risk workshop co-hosted by HSBC and Cambridge University Centre for Risk Studies.
R Fassbind1
Undertook a personal induction programme comprising bespoke briefings on: each of the Group's global businesses; the structure and responsibilities of a number of the Group's global functions, including: Strategy and Planning; Corporate Sustainability; Risk; Finance; Human Resources; and Internal Audit; corporate governance (including Directors' duties and obligations, HSBC's governance structure, Global Standards and Business Principles, international corporate governance codes and listing obligations); IT and Operations; and the Group's Insurance business.
J W J Hughes-Hallet
Attended meetings of the Group Risk Committee at which bespoke briefings were given on the risk control frameworks for the global businesses, Group recovery and resolution planning and legal and regulatory reform.
W S H Laidlaw
Attended bespoke briefings on individual liquidity adequacy assessment in the UK. Attended meetings of the Group Remuneration Committee at which briefings were given on regulatory developments in executive remuneration.
J P Lipsky
Undertook a personal induction programme comprising bespoke briefings on: GB&M; the structure and responsibilities of a number of the Group's global functions, including: Strategy and Planning; Risk (including compliance); Finance ; Legal ; and governance (including Directors' duties and obligations, HSBC's governance structure, Global Standards and Business Principles, international corporate governance codes and listing obligations). Attended bespoke briefings on prudential regulation. Attended meetings of the Group Risk Committee at which briefings were given on the risk control frameworks for the global businesses, Group recovery and resolution planning and legal and regulatory reform. Participated in the annual forum for HSBC Group non-executive directors.
J R Lomax
Attended an event for non-executive directors run by Tapestry Networks and Ernst & Young on bank governance and the Trilateral Commission's Europe conference in Helsinki. Attended meetings of
committees of the Board at which briefings were given on the regulatory environment and developments in regulatory and accounting requirements and risk, the risk control frameworks for the global businesses, Group recovery and resolution planning and legal and regulatory reform. Participated in a risk workshop co-hosted by HSBC and Cambridge University Centre for Risk Studies and in the annual forum for HSBC Group non-executive directors.
Sir Simon Robertson
Attended bespoke briefings on prudential regulation, GPB, GB&M, Legal (including US regulatory matters), and Strategy and Planning. Attended a briefing from the external auditor on its role in the Group's financial reporting. Develops and refreshes knowledge of the Group's businesses and operations through regular interactions with, and receipt of briefings from, the Group Chairman and Group Chief Executive. Participated in the annual forum for HSBC Group non-executive directors.
J L Thornton
Attended bespoke briefings on prudential regulation and anti-money laundering and compliance. Attended meetings of the Group Remuneration Committee at which briefings were given on regulatory developments in executive remuneration. As chairman of HSBC North America Holdings Inc. attended board meetings at which briefings were given on: the Dodd-Frank Act; key US strategic considerations comprising the transformation of the US business (including regulatory and remediation planning, business disposals and demise, core business re-engineering and changing the culture); and the Group's global businesses in the US including, in particular, the US consumer and mortgage lending business.
In September 2012, Bvalco Ltd was commissioned to facilitate and report on the review of effectiveness of the Board, with particular focus on the effectiveness of committees and their interaction with the Board, the relationship and information flows between the subsidiaries and the Board, the balance of skills on the Board and the level of time commitment required from Directors. A legal firm which is engaged from time to time by the Company to provide legal services holds a 20% shareholding in Bvalco Ltd. Bvalco Ltd has confirmed that it does not have any other connection with the Company. Bvalco's report was prepared following interviews with Directors and senior members of management and a review of relevant documents. Factors assessed during Bvalco's review included the Group's culture, handling of reputational issues, composition of the Board, effectiveness of the Group Chairman, interaction between Board members and management, and Board Committee structure. Bvalco's evaluation of the Board considered the balance of skills, experience, independence and knowledge of the Company on the Board, its diversity, including gender, how the Board works together as a unit and other factors relevant to its effectiveness.
The Bvalco report concluded that the Board operates effectively with a number of important strengths. The report is used by the Board in its annual evaluation of its own performance and that of its committees and by the Group Chairman in his review of the individual performance of Directors. The Board will monitor implementation of actions arising from its 2012 performance evaluation. All actions arising from the Board's 2011 performance evaluation have been implemented.
It is the intention of the Board to continue to undertake an evaluation of its performance and that of its committees and individual Directors annually, with external input to the process at least every third year.
Formal evaluation of the individual performance of each Director is undertaken annually by the Group Chairman using the findings of the performance evaluation process undertaken by the Board and, as appropriate, the records of training and development activities undertaken by Directors. During this evaluation, the Group Chairman discusses the contribution of the Director and the time spent by them in performing their responsibilities. The Group Chairman has confirmed that all of the non-executive Directors continue to perform effectively and to demonstrate commitment to their roles.
The non-executive Directors, led by the Deputy Chairman and senior independent non-executive Director, are responsible for the evaluation of the performance of the Group Chairman.
The Board may at any time appoint any person who is willing to act as a Director, either to fill a vacancy or as an addition to the existing Board, but the total number of Directors shall not exceed twenty-five. Any Director so appointed by the Board shall retire at the Annual General Meeting following his or her appointment and shall be eligible for re-election but would not be taken into account in determining the number of Directors who are to retire by rotation at such meeting in accordance with the Articles of Association. The Board may appoint any Director to hold any employment or executive office and may revoke or terminate any such appointment. Shareholders may, by ordinary resolution, appoint a person a Director or remove any Director before the expiration of his period of office. On the recommendation of the Nomination Committee and in compliance with provision B.7.1 of the UK Corporate Governance Code, the Board has decided that all of the Directors should be subject to annual re-election by shareholders. Accordingly, all of the Directors will retire at the forthcoming Annual General Meeting and offer themselves for re-election. Each of the executive Directors is employed, on a rolling contract which requires 12 months' notice to be given by either party. None of the non-executive Directors has a service contract with HSBC.
All Directors are encouraged to develop an understanding of the views of major shareholders. Non-executive Directors are invited to attend analyst presentations and other meetings with institutional investors and their representative bodies. Directors also meet representatives of institutional shareholders annually to discuss corporate governance matters.
All executive Directors and certain other senior executives hold regular meetings with institutional investors. The Board receives a regular investor relations activity report which provides feedback from meetings with institutional shareholders and brokers, analysts' forecasts, information from research reports and share price performance data. Twice each year the Board also receives a report from one of our corporate brokers on market views and investor relations.
On several occasions during 2012, non-executive Directors, including the senior independent non-executive Director, met or corresponded with institutional investors and their representatives to discuss governance and remuneration.
As senior independent non-executive Director, Sir Simon Robertson is available to shareholders should they have concerns which contact through the normal channels of Group Chairman, Group Chief Executive, Group Finance Director or other executives cannot resolve or for which such contact would be inappropriate. He may be contacted through the Group Company Secretary at 8 Canada Square, London E14 5HQ.
During 2012, the Board established a shareholder communication policy which is available on www.hsbc.com.
The Board has authority to approve Directors' conflicts and potential conflicts of interest and has adopted a policy and procedures for the determination of terms of authorisation for such situations. The Board's powers to authorise conflicts are operating effectively and the procedures are being followed. A review of situational conflicts which have been authorised from time to time and the terms of those authorisations is undertaken by the Board annually.
Our Articles of Association provide that Directors are entitled to be indemnified out of the assets of HSBC Holdings against claims from third parties in respect of certain liabilities. Such indemnity provisions have been in place during the financial year but have not been utilised by the Directors.
Each person who is a Director at the time of approval of this report confirms that so far as he or she is aware, there is no relevant audit information of which the auditor is unaware and the Director has taken all the steps that he or she ought to have taken as a Director in order to make himself or herself aware of any relevant audit information and to establish that the auditor is aware of that information. This confirmation is given pursuant to section 418 of the Companies Act 2006 and should be interpreted in accordance therewith and subject to the provisions thereof.
None of the Directors had, during the year or at the end of the year, a material interest, directly or indirectly, in any contract of significance with any HSBC company.
Corporate governance codes
HSBC is committed to high standards of corporate governance. HSBC has complied during 2012 with the applicable code provisions of: (i) The UK Corporate Governance Code issued by the Financial Reporting Council; (ii) the Code on Corporate Governance Practices set out in Appendix 14 to the Rules Governing the Listing of Securities on The Stock Exchange of Hong Kong Limited, from 1 January 2012 until its amendment and replacement by the Hong Kong Corporate Governance Code on 1 April 2012; and (iii) the Hong Kong Corporate Governance Code from 1 April 2012 to 31 December 2012, save that the Group Risk Committee (all the members of which are independent non-executive Directors), which was established in accordance with the recommendations of the Report on Governance in UK banks and other financial industry entities, is responsible for the oversight of internal control (other than internal control over financial reporting) and risk management systems (Hong Kong Corporate Governance Code provision C.3.3 paragraphs (f), (g) and (h)). If there were no Group Risk Committee, these matters would be the responsibility of the Group Audit Committee. At its meeting on 24 May 2012, the Board adopted Terms of Reference and approved a shareholder communication policy as required under the Hong Kong Corporate Governance Code. The UK Corporate Governance Code is available at www.frc.org.uk and the Hong Kong Corporate Governance Code is available at www.hkex.com.hk.
The Board has adopted a code of conduct for transactions in HSBC Group securities by Directors. The code of conduct complies with The Model Code in the Listing Rules of the FSA and with The Model Code for Securities Transactions by Directors of Listed Issuers ('Hong Kong Model Code') set out in the Rules Governing the Listing of Securities on The Stock Exchange of Hong Kong Limited, save that The Stock Exchange of Hong Kong Limited has granted certain waivers from strict compliance with the Hong Kong Model Code. The waivers granted by The Stock Exchange of Hong Kong Limited primarily take into account accepted practices in the UK, particularly in respect of employee share plans. Following specific enquiry, each Director has confirmed that he or she has complied with the code of conduct for transactions in HSBC Group securities throughout the year, save that, on 15 June 2012, an independent non-executive Director acquired an interest as beneficial owner in 3,950 retail bonds and as non-beneficial owner in 1,170 retail bonds of RMB10,000 each issued by HSBC Bank plc before giving notification and receiving written clearance to deal. On 10 January 2013, an independent non-executive Director disposed of an interest as beneficial owner in 500 units of euro-denominated preferred securities of EUR1,000 each issued by HSBC Capital Funding (Euro 2) L.P. before giving notification. All Directors have since been reminded of their obligations under the code of conduct for transactions in HSBC Group Securities.