Abbreviations
Abbreviation |
Brief description |
A |
|
ABCP |
Asset-backed commercial paper |
ABS1 |
Asset-backed security |
ADS |
American Depositary Share |
AIEA |
Average interest-earning assets |
ALCM |
Asset, Liability and Capital Management |
ALCO |
Asset and Liability Management Committee |
AML |
Anti-money laundering |
AQR |
Asset Quality Review (EU) |
ARM1 |
Adjustable-rate mortgage |
B |
|
Basel Committee |
Basel Committee on Banking Supervision |
Basel I |
1988 Basel Capital Accord |
Basel II1 |
2006 Basel Capital Accord |
Basel III1 |
Basel Committee's reforms to strengthen global capital and liquidity rules |
BBA |
British Bankers' Association |
BoCom |
Bank of Communications Co., Limited, one of China's largest banks |
BSA |
Bank Secrecy Act (US) |
BSM |
Balance Sheet Management |
C |
|
CAPM |
Capital asset pricing model |
CCA |
Consumer Credit Act (UK) |
CCAR |
Comprehensive Capital Analysis and Review (US) |
CCP1 |
Central counterparty |
CD |
Certificate of deposit |
CDO1 |
Collateralised debt obligation |
CDS1 |
Credit default swap |
CEA |
Commodity Exchange Act (US) |
CET11 |
Common equity tier 1 ratio |
CGU |
Cash-generating unit |
CMB |
Commercial Banking, a global business |
CML1 |
Consumer and Mortgage Lending (US) |
CPI |
Consumer price index |
CRD1 |
Capital Requirements Directive |
CRR1 |
Customer risk rating |
CRS |
Card and Retail Services |
CVA1 |
Credit valuation adjustment |
D |
|
DANY DPA |
Two-year deferred prosecution agreement with the New York County District Attorney (US) |
DDOS |
Distributed denial of service |
DFAST |
Dodd-Frank Stress Testing programme (US) |
DoJ |
Department of Justice (US) |
DPA |
Deferred prosecution agreement (US) |
DPF |
Discretionary participation feature of insurance and investment contracts |
DVA1 |
Debit valuation adjustment |
E |
|
EAD1 |
Exposure at default |
EBA |
European Banking Authority |
ECB |
European Central Bank |
ECL |
Expected credit loss |
EGP |
Egyptian pound |
EL1 |
Expected loss |
EMIR |
European Market Infrastructure Regulation |
EU |
European Union |
Euribor |
European Interbank Offered Rates |
F |
|
Fannie Mae |
Federal National Mortgage Association (US) |
FCA1 |
Financial Conduct Authority (UK) |
FCA Direction |
Undertaking originally with the FSA to comply with certain forward-looking obligations with respect to AML and sanctions requirements |
FHFA |
Federal Housing Finance Agency (US) |
FIU |
Financial Intelligence Unit |
FPC1 |
Financial Policy Committee (UK) |
FRB |
Federal Reserve Board (US) |
Freddie Mac |
Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation (US) |
Abbreviation |
Brief description |
FSA |
Financial Services Authority (UK). The FSA has now become two separate regulatory authorities the FCA and PRA |
FSCS |
Financial Services Compensation Scheme |
FuM |
Funds under management |
G |
|
G20 |
Leaders, finance ministers and central bank governors of the Group of Twenty countries |
GB&M |
Global Banking and Markets, a global business |
GDP |
Gross domestic product |
Ginnie Mae |
Government National Mortgage Association (US) |
GLBA |
Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act (US) |
Global Markets |
HSBC's treasury and capital markets services in Global Banking and Markets |
GMB |
Group Management Board |
GPB |
Global Private Banking, a global business |
Group |
HSBC Holdings together with its subsidiary undertakings |
G-SIB1 |
Global systemically important bank |
H |
|
HASCO |
HSI Asset Securitization |
HKMA |
Hong Kong Monetary Authority |
HNAH |
HSBC North America Holdings Inc. |
Hong Kong |
Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of the People's Republic of China |
HSBC |
HSBC Holdings together with its subsidiary undertakings |
HSBC Bank |
HSBC Bank plc, formerly Midland Bank plc |
HSBC Bank Bermuda |
HSBC Bank Bermuda Limited, formerly The Bank of Bermuda Limited |
HSBC Bank USA |
HSBC's retail bank in the US, HSBC Bank USA, N.A. (formerly HSBC Bank USA, Inc.) |
HSBC Canada |
The sub-group, HSBC Bank Canada, HSBC Trust Company Canada, HSBC Mortgage Corporation Canada and HSBC Securities Canada, consolidated for liquidity purposes |
HSBC Finance |
HSBC Finance Corporation, the US consumer finance company (formerly Household International, Inc.) |
HSBC France |
HSBC's French banking subsidiary, formerly CCF S.A. |
HSBC Holdings |
HSBC Holdings plc, the parent company of HSBC |
HSBC USA |
The sub-group, HSBC USA Inc and HSBC Bank USA, consolidated for liquidity purposes |
HSI |
HSBC Securities (USA) Inc. |
I |
|
IAS |
International Accounting Standards |
IASB |
International Accounting Standards Board |
ICB |
Independent Commission on Banking |
IFRSs |
International Financial Reporting Standards |
Illinois District Court |
US District Court for the Northern District of Illinois |
Industrial Bank |
Industrial Bank Co. Limited, a national joint-stock bank in mainland China in which Hang Seng Bank Limited has a shareholding |
IRB1 |
Internal ratings-based |
ISDA |
International Swaps and Derivatives Association |
K |
|
KPMG |
KPMG Audit Plc and its affiliates |
L |
|
LCR1 |
Liquidity coverage ratio |
LFRF |
Liquidity and funding risk management framework |
LGD1 |
Loss given default |
Libor |
London Interbank Offered Rate |
LIC |
Loan impairment charge and other credit risk provision |
LTV1 |
Loan-to-value ratio |
M |
|
Madoff Securities |
Bernard L Madoff Investment Securities LLC |
Mainland China |
People's Republic of China excluding Hong Kong |
Mazarin |
Mazarin Funding Limited, an asset-backed CP conduit |
MBS1 |
US mortgage-backed security |
MENA |
Middle East and North Africa |
MME |
Middle market enterprises |
Monoline1 |
Monoline insurance company |
MSCI |
Morgan Stanley Capital International index |
MTN1 |
Medium-term notes |
N |
|
New York District Court |
US District Court for the Southern District of New York |
NSFR1 |
Net stable funding ratio |
Abbreviation |
Brief description |
O |
|
OCC |
Office of the Comptroller of the Currency (US) |
OECD |
The Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development |
OFAC |
Office of Foreign Assets Control (US) |
OIS1 |
Overnight index swap |
ORMF |
Operational risk management framework |
OTC1 |
Over-the-counter |
P |
|
PD1 |
Probability of default |
Ping An |
Ping An Insurance (Group) Company of China, Ltd., the second-largest life insurer in the People's Republic of China |
PPI |
Payment protection insurance product |
PRA1 |
Prudential Regulation Authority (UK) |
Premier |
HSBC Premier, HSBC's premium personal global banking service |
PVIF |
Present value of in-force long-term insurance business |
R |
|
RAS |
Risk Appetite Statement |
RBWM |
Retail Banking and Wealth Management, a global business |
Repo1 |
Sale and repurchase transaction |
Restricted Shares1 |
Awards of Restricted Shares define the number of HSBC Holdings ordinary shares to which the employee will become entitled, generally between one and three years from the date of the award, and normally subject to the individual remaining in employment |
Reverse repo |
Security purchased under commitments to sell |
RM |
Relationship manager |
RMB |
Renminbi |
RMBS |
Residential mortgage-backed securities |
RoRWA |
Return on average risk-weighted assets |
RWA1 |
Risk-weighted assets |
S |
|
S&P |
Standard and Poor's rating agency |
SE1 |
Structured entity |
SEC |
Securities and Exchange Commission (US) |
SIC |
Securities investment conduit |
SME |
Small and medium-sized enterprise |
Solitaire |
Solitaire Funding Limited, a special purpose entity managed by HSBC |
SR |
Saudi riyal |
U |
|
UAE |
United Arab Emirates |
UK |
United Kingdom |
US |
United States of America |
US DPA |
Five-year deferred prosecution agreement with the Department of Justice and others (US) |
V |
|
VaR1 |
Value at risk |
VIU |
Value in use |
1 For full definitions, see page 284.
Glossary
Term |
Definition |
A |
|
Adjustable-rate mortgages ('ARM's) |
Mortgage loans in the US on which the interest rate is periodically changed based on a reference price. These are included within 'affordability mortgages'. |
Affordability mortgages |
Mortgage loans where the customer's monthly payments are set out at a low initial rate, either variable or fixed, before resetting to a higher rate once the introductory period is over. |
Agency exposures |
Exposures to near or quasi-government agencies including public sector entities fully owned by government carrying out non-commercial activities, provincial and local government authorities, development banks and funds set up by government. |
Alt-A |
A US description for loans regarded as lower risk than sub-prime, but with higher risk characteristics than lending under normal criteria. |
Arrears |
Customers are said to be in arrears (or in a state of delinquency) when they are behind in fulfilling their obligations, with the result that an outstanding loan is unpaid or overdue. When a customer is in arrears, the total outstanding loans on which payments are overdue are described as delinquent. |
Asset-backed securities |
Securities that represent an interest in an underlying pool of referenced assets. The referenced pool can comprise any assets which attract a set of associated cash flows but are commonly pools of residential or commercial mortgages. |
B |
|
Back-testing |
A statistical technique used to monitor and assess the accuracy of a model, and how that model would have performed had it been applied in the past. |
Bail-inable debt |
Bail-in refers to imposition of losses at the point of non viability (but before insolvency) on bank liabilities (bail-inable debt) that are not exposed to losses while the institution remains a viable, going concern. Whether by way of write-down or conversion into equity, this has the effect of recapitalising the bank (although it does not provide any new funding). |
Bank levy |
A levy that applies to UK banks, building societies and the UK operations of foreign banks from 1 January 2011. The amount payable is based on a percentage of the group's consolidated liabilities and equity as at 31 December after deducting certain items the most material of which are those related to insured deposit balances, tier 1 capital, insurance liabilities, high quality liquid assets and items subject to a legally enforceable net settlement agreement. |
Basel II |
The capital adequacy framework issued by the Basel Committee on Banking Supervision in June 2006 in the form of the 'International Convergence of Capital Measurement and Capital Standards', amended by subsequent changes to the capital requirements for market risk and re-securitisations, commonly known as Basel 2.5, which took effect 31 December 2011. |
Basel III |
In December 2010, the Basel Committee issued 'Basel III rules: A global regulatory framework for more resilient banks and banking systems' and 'International framework for liquidity risk measurement, standards and monitoring'. Together these documents present the Basel Committee's reforms to strengthen global capital and liquidity rules with the goal of promoting a more resilient banking sector. In June 2011, the Basel Committee issued a revision to the former document setting out the finalised capital treatment for counterparty credit risk in bilateral trades. |
Basis point ('bps') |
One hundredth of a per cent (0.01%), so 100 basis points is 1%. Used in quoting movements in interest rates or yields on securities. |
C |
|
Capital conservation buffer |
A capital buffer prescribed by regulators under Basel III and designed to ensure banks build up capital buffers outside periods of stress which can be drawn down as losses are incurred. Should a bank's capital levels fall within the capital conservation buffer range, capital distributions will be constrained by the regulators. |
Capital planning buffer |
A capital buffer, prescribed by the PRA under Basel II, and designed to ensure banks build up capital buffers outside periods of stress which can be drawn down as losses are incurred. Should a bank's capital levels fall within the capital planning buffer range, a period of heightened regulatory interaction would be triggered. |
Capital requirements directive ('CRD') |
A capital adequacy legislative package issued by the European Commission and adopted by EU member states. The first CRD legislative package gave effect to the Basel II proposals in the EU and came into force on 20 July 2006. CRD II, which came into force on 31 December 2010, subsequently updated the requirements for capital instruments, large exposure, liquidity risk and securitisation. A further CRD III amendment, updated market risk capital and additional securitisation requirements, and came into force on 31 December 2011. CRD IV package comprises a recast Capital Requirements Directive and a new Capital Requirements Regulation. The package implements the Basel III capital proposals together with transitional arrangements for some of its requirements. CRD IV came into force on 1 January 2014. |
Central counterparty ('CCP') |
An intermediary between a buyer and a seller (generally a clearing house). |
Collateralised debt obligation ('CDO') |
A security issued by a third-party which references ABSs and/or certain other related assets purchased by the issuer. CDOs may feature exposure to sub-prime mortgage assets through the underlying assets. |
Term |
Definition |
Collectively assessed |
Impairment assessment on a collective basis for homogeneous groups of loans that are not considered individually significant and to cover losses which have been incurred but have not yet been identified on loans subject to individual assessment. |
Commercial paper ('CP') |
An unsecured, short-term debt instrument issued by a corporation, typically for the financing of accounts receivable, inventories and meeting short-term liabilities. The debt is usually issued at a discount, reflecting prevailing market interest rates. |
Commercial real estate |
Any real estate, comprising buildings or land, intended to generate a profit, either from capital gain or rental income. |
Common equity tier 1 capital |
The highest quality form of regulatory capital under Basel III that comprises common shares issued and related share premium, retained earnings and other reserves excluding the cash flow hedging reserve, less specified regulatory adjustments. |
Common reporting ('COREP') |
Harmonised European reporting framework established in the Capital Requirements Directives, to be mandated by the European Banking Authority. |
Compliance risk |
The risk that the Group fails to observe the letter and spirit of all relevant laws, codes, rules, regulations and standards of good market practice, and incurs fines and penalties and suffers damage to its business as a consequence. |
Conduits |
HSBC sponsors and manages multi-seller conduits and 'SIC's. The multi-seller conduits hold interests in diversified pools of third-party assets such as vehicle loans, trade receivables and credit card receivables funded through the issuance of short-dated commercial paper and supported by a liquidity facility. The SICs hold predominantly asset-backed securities referencing such items as commercial and residential mortgages, vehicle loans and credit card receivables funded through the issuance of both long-term and short-term debt. |
Constant currency |
A non-GAAP financial measure that adjusts for the year-on-year effects of foreign currency translation differences by comparing reported results for the reported period with reported results for comparative period retranslated at exchange rates for the reported period. The foreign currency translation differences reflect the movements of the US dollar against most major currencies during the reported period. |
Constant net asset value fund ('CNAV') |
A fund that prices its assets on an amortised cost basis, subject to the amortised book value of the portfolio remaining within 50 basis points of its market value. |
Consumer and Mortgage Lending ('CML') |
In the US, the CML portfolio consists of our Consumer Lending and Mortgage Services businesses, which are in run-off. The Consumer Lending business offered secured and unsecured loan products, such as first and second lien mortgage loans, open-ended home equity loans and personal non-credit card loans through branch locations and direct mail. The majority of the mortgage lending products were for refinancing and debt consolidation rather than home purchases. In the first quarter of 2009, we discontinued all originations by our Consumer Lending business. Prior to the first quarter of 2007, when we ceased new purchase activity, the Mortgage Services business purchased non-conforming first and second lien real estate secured loans from unaffiliated third parties. The business also included the operations of Decision One Mortgage Company ('Decision One'), which historically originated mortgage loans sourced by independent mortgage brokers and sold these to secondary market purchasers. Decision One ceased originations in September 2007. |
Contractual maturities |
The date on which the final payment (principal or interest) of any financial instrument is due to be paid, at which point all the remaining outstanding principal and interest have been repaid. |
Core tier 1 capital |
The highest quality form of regulatory capital, under Basel II, that comprises total shareholders' equity and related non-controlling interests, less goodwill and intangible assets and certain other regulatory adjustments. |
Countercyclical capital buffer |
A capital buffer prescribed by regulators under Basel III which aims to ensure that capital requirements take account of the macro-financial environment in which banks operate. This will provide the banking sector with additional capital to protect it against potential future losses, when excess credit growth in the financial system as a whole is associated with an increase in system-wide risk. |
Counterparty credit risk |
Counterparty credit risk, in both the trading and non-trading books, is the risk that the counterparty to a transaction may default before completing the satisfactory settlement of the transaction. |
Credit default swap |
A derivative contract whereby a buyer pays a fee to a seller in return for receiving a payment in the event of a defined credit event (e.g. bankruptcy, payment default on a reference asset or assets, or downgrades by a rating agency) on an underlying obligation (which may or may not be held by the buyer). |
Credit enhancements |
Facilities used to enhance the creditworthiness of financial obligations and cover losses due to asset default. |
Credit risk |
Risk of financial loss if a customer or counterparty fails to meet an obligation under a contract. It arises mainly from direct lending, trade finance and leasing business, but also from products such as guarantees, derivatives and debt securities. |
Credit valuation adjustment |
An adjustment to the valuation of OTC derivative contracts to reflect the creditworthiness of OTC derivative counterparties. |
Term |
Definition |
Credit risk mitigation |
A technique to reduce the credit risk associated with an exposure by application of credit risk mitigants such as collateral, guarantee and credit protection. |
Credit risk spread |
The premium over the benchmark or risk-free rate required by the market to accept a lower credit quality. The yield spread between securities with the same coupon rate and maturity structure but with different associated credit risks. The yield spread rises as the credit rating worsens. |
Credit spread risk |
The risk that movements in credit spreads will affect the value of financial instruments. |
Customer deposits |
Money deposited by account holders. Such funds are recorded as liabilities. |
Customer remediation |
Activities carried out by HSBC to compensate customers for losses or damages associated with a failure to comply with regulations. Customer remediation is initiated by HSBC in response to customer complaints, and not specifically initiated by regulatory action. |
Customer risk rating ('CRR') |
A scale of 23 grades measuring obligor PD. |
D |
|
Debit valuation adjustment ('DVA') |
An adjustment made by an entity to the valuation of OTC derivative liabilities to reflect within fair value the entity's own credit risk. |
Debt restructuring |
A restructuring by which the terms and provisions of outstanding debt agreements are changed. This is often done in order to improve cash flow and the ability of the borrower to repay the debt. It can involve altering the repayment schedule as well as debt or interest charge reduction. |
Debt securities |
Financial assets on the Group's balance sheet representing certificates of indebtedness of credit institutions, public bodies or other undertakings, excluding those issued by central banks. |
Debt securities in issue |
Transferable certificates of indebtedness of the Group to the bearer of the certificates. These are liabilities of the Group and include certificates of deposits. |
Deed-in-lieu |
An arrangement in which a borrower surrenders the deed for a property to the lender without going through foreclosure proceedings and is subsequently released from any further obligations on the loan. |
Defined benefit obligation |
The present value of expected future payments required to settle the obligations of a defined benefit plan resulting from employee service. |
Delinquency |
See 'Arrears'. |
Deposits by banks |
All deposits received from domestic and foreign banks, excluding deposits or liabilities in the form of debt securities or for which transferable certificates have been issued. |
E |
|
Economic capital |
The internally calculated capital requirement which is deemed necessary by HSBC to support the risks to which it is exposed. |
Economic profit |
The difference between the return on financial capital invested by shareholders and the cost of that capital. Economic profit may be expressed as a whole number or as a percentage. |
Economic value of equity |
Considers all re-pricing mismatches in the current balance sheet and calculates the change in market value that would result from a set of defined interest rate shocks. |
Encumbered assets |
Assets on our balance sheet which have been pledged as collateral against an existing liability. |
Enhanced Variable Net Asset Value fund ('ENAV') |
A fund that prices its assets on a fair value basis. Consequently, prices may change from one day to the next. |
Equity risk |
The risk arising from positions, either long or short, in equities or equity-based instruments, which create exposure to a change in the market price of the equities or equity instruments. |
Eurozone |
The 18 European Union countries using the euro as their common currency. The 18 countries are Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Portugal, Slovakia, Slovenia and Spain. |
Expected loss ('EL') |
A regulatory calculation of the amount expected to be lost on an exposure using a 12-month time horizon and downturn loss estimates. EL is calculated by multiplying the PD (a percentage) by the EAD (an amount) and LGD (a percentage). |
Exposure |
A claim, contingent claim or position which carries a risk of financial loss. |
Exposure at default ('EAD') |
The amount expected to be outstanding after any credit risk mitigation, if and when the counterparty defaults. EAD reflects drawn balances as well as allowance for undrawn amounts of commitments and contingent exposures. |
F |
|
Fair value adjustment |
An adjustment to the fair value of a financial instrument which is determined using a valuation technique (level 2 and level 3) to include additional factors that would be considered by a market participant that are not incorporated within the valuation model. |
Fiduciary risk |
The risk to the Group of breaching its fiduciary duties where it acts in a fiduciary capacity as trustee, investment manager or as mandated by law or regulation. |
Financial Conduct Authority ('FCA') |
The Financial Conduct Authority regulates the conduct of financial firms and, for certain firms, prudential standards in the UK. It has a strategic objective to ensure that the relevant markets function well. |
Term |
Definition |
Financial Policy Committee |
The Financial Policy Committee, at the Bank of England, is charged with a primary objective of identifying, monitoring and taking action to remove or reduce systemic risks with a view to protecting and enhancing the resilience of the UK financial system. The FPC has a secondary objective to support the economic policy of the UK Government. |
Financial Reporting |
Harmonised European financial reporting framework, proposed by the European Union, which will be used to obtain a comprehensive view of a firm's risk profile. |
First lien |
A security interest granted over an item of property to secure the repayment of a debt that places its holder first in line to collect repayment from the sale of the underlying collateral in the event of a default on the debt. |
Forbearance strategies |
Employed in order to improve the management of customer relationships, maximise collection opportunities and, if possible, avoid default, foreclosure or repossession. Such arrangements include extended payment terms, a reduction in interest or principal repayments, approved external debt management plans, debt consolidations, the deferral of foreclosures, other modifications and re‑ages. |
Funded exposure |
A situation where the notional amount of a contract is or has been exchanged. |
Funding risk |
A form of liquidity risk arising when the liquidity needed to fund illiquid asset positions cannot be obtained at the expected terms and when required. |
G |
|
Gap risk |
The risk of financial loss arising from a significant change in market price with no accompanying trading opportunity. |
Global systemically important bank ('G-SIB') |
In parallel with the Basel III proposals, the Basel Committee issued in July 2011 a consultative document: 'Global systemically important banks: assessment methodology and the additional loss absorbency requirement', and in November 2011, its first rules on G-SIBs. The Financial Stability Board ('FSB') periodically issues the list of G-SIBs, which currently includes HSBC and 28 other major banks from around the world and is re-assessed through annual re-scoring of the individual banks and a triennial review of the methodology. |
Government-sponsored enterprises ('GSE's) |
A group of financial services enterprises created by the US Congress to reduce the cost of capital for certain borrowing sectors of the economy, and to make them more efficient and transparent. Examples in the residential mortgage borrowing segment are Freddie Mac and Fannie Mae. GSEs carry the implicit backing, but are not direct obligations, of the US government. |
GPSP Awards |
Awards that define the number of HSBC Holdings ordinary shares to which the employee will become entitled, generally five years from the date of the award, and normally subject to individual remaining in employment. The shares to which the employee becomes entitled are subject to a retention requirement until cessation of employment. |
Guarantee |
An undertaking by a party to pay a creditor should a debtor fail to do so. |
H |
|
Haircut |
A discount applied by management when determining the amount at which an asset can be realised. The discount takes into account the method of realisation including the extent to which an active market for the asset exists. |
Historical rating transition |
The probability of a counterparty with a particular rating moving to a different rating over a defined time horizon. |
Home equity lines of credit ('HELoC's) |
A form of revolving credit facility provided to US customers, which is supported in the majority of cases by a second lien or lower ranking charge over residential property. Holdings of HELoCs are classified as sub-prime. |
I |
|
Impaired loans |
Loans where the Group does not expect to collect all the contractual cash flows or expects to collect them later than they are contractually due. |
Impairment allowances |
Management's best estimate of losses incurred in the loan portfolios at the balance sheet date. |
Individually assessed |
Exposure to loss is assessed on all individually significant accounts and all other accounts that do not qualify for collective assessment. |
Insurance risk |
A risk, other than a financial risk, transferred from the holder of a contract to the insurance provider. The principal insurance risk is that, over time, the combined cost of claims, administration and acquisition of the contract may exceed the aggregate amount of premiums received and investment income. |
Internal Capital Adequacy Assessment Process |
The Group's own assessment of the levels of capital that it needs to hold through an examination of its risk profile from regulatory and economic capital viewpoints. |
Internal Model Method |
One of three approaches defined by Basel II to determine exposure values for counterparty credit risk. |
Internal ratings-based approach ('IRB') |
A method of calculating credit risk capital requirements using internal, rather than supervisory, estimates of risk parameters. |
Invested capital |
Equity capital invested in HSBC by its shareholders, adjusted for certain reserves and goodwill previously amortised or written off. |
Investment grade |
Represents a risk profile similar to a rating of BBB- or better, as defined by an external rating agency. |
Term |
Definition |
IRB advanced approach |
A method of calculating credit risk capital requirements using internal PD, LGD and EAD models. |
IRB foundation approach |
A method of calculating credit risk capital requirements using internal PD models but with supervisory estimates of LGD and conversion factors for the calculation of EAD. |
ISDA Master agreement |
Standardised contract developed by ISDA used as an umbrella contract under which bilateral derivatives contracts are entered into. |
K |
|
Key management personnel |
Directors and Group Managing Directors of HSBC Holdings. |
L |
|
Legacy credit in GB&M |
A separately identifiable, discretely managed business comprising Solitaire Funding Limited, the securities investment conduits, the asset-backed securities trading portfolios and credit correlation portfolios, derivative transactions entered into directly with monoline insurers, and certain other structured credit transactions. |
Legal proceedings |
Civil court, arbitration or tribunal proceedings brought against HSBC companies (whether by way of claim or counterclaim) or civil disputes that may, if not settled, result in court, arbitration or tribunal proceedings. |
Legal risk |
The risk of financial loss, sanction and/or reputational damage resulting from contractual risk (the risk that the rights and/or obligations of a Group member within a contractual relationship are defective); dispute risk (the risk when involved in or managing potential or actual disputes); legislative risk (the risk that a Group member fails to adhere to laws of the jurisdiction in which it operates); and non contractual rights risk (the risk that a Group member's assets are not properly owned or are infringed by others or the infringement by a Group member of another party's rights). |
Level 1 - quoted market price |
Financial instruments with quoted prices for identical instruments in active markets. |
Level 2 - valuation technique using observable inputs |
Financial instruments with quoted prices for similar instruments in active markets or quoted prices for identical or similar instruments in inactive markets and financial instruments valued using models where all significant inputs are observable. |
Level 3 - valuation technique with significant unobservable inputs |
Financial instruments valued using valuation techniques where one or more significant inputs are unobservable. |
Leveraged finance |
Funding provided for entities with higher than average indebtedness, which typically arises from sub-investment grade acquisitions or event-driven financing. |
Leverage ratio |
A measure, prescribed by regulators under Basel III, which is the ratio of tier 1 capital to total exposures. Total exposures include on-balance sheet items, off-balance sheet items and derivatives, and should generally follow the accounting measure of exposure. This supplementary measure to the risk-based capital requirements is intended to constrain the build-up of excess leverage in the banking sector. |
Liquidity coverage ratio |
The ratio of the stock of high quality liquid assets to expected net cash outflows over the following 30 days. High quality liquid assets should be unencumbered, liquid in markets during a time of stress and, ideally, be central bank eligible. The Basel III rules require this ratio to be at least 100% with effect from 2015. The LCR is still subject to an observation period and review to address any unintended consequences. |
Liquidity enhancement |
Liquidity enhancement makes funds available if required for reasons other than asset default, e.g. to ensure timely repayment of maturing commercial paper. |
Liquidity risk |
The risk that HSBC does not have sufficient financial resources to meet its obligations as they fall due, or will have to do so at an excessive cost. This risk arises from mismatches in the timing of cash flows. |
Loan modification |
An account management action that results in a change to the original terms and conditions of a loan either temporarily or permanently without resetting its delinquency status, except in case of a 'modification re-age' where delinquency status is also reset to up-to-date. Account modifications may include revisions to one or more terms of the loan including, but not limited to, a change in interest rate, extension of the amortisation period, reduction in payment amount and partial forgiveness or deferment of principal. |
Loan re-age |
An account management action that results in the resetting of the contractual delinquency status of an account to up-to-date upon fulfilment of certain requirements which indicate that payments are expected to be made in accordance with the contractual terms. |
Loans past due |
Loans on which repayments are overdue. |
Loan to value ratio ('LTV') |
A mathematical calculation that expresses the amount of the loan as a percentage of the value of security. A high LTV indicates that there is less cushion to protect the lender against house price falls or increases in the loan if repayments are not made and interest is added to the outstanding loan balance. |
Loss given default ('LGD') |
The estimated ratio (percentage) of the loss on an exposure to the amount outstanding at default (EAD) upon default of a counterparty. |
Loss severity |
The realised amount of losses incurred (including ancillary amounts owed) when a loan is foreclosed or disposed of through the arrangement with the borrower. The loss severity is represented as a percentage of the outstanding loan balance. |
Term |
Definition |
M |
|
Malus |
An arrangement that permits an organisation to prevent vesting of all or part of the amount of a deferred remuneration award in relation to risk outcomes or performance. |
Market risk |
The risk that movements in market risk factors, including foreign exchange rates and commodity prices, interest rates, credit spreads and equity prices will reduce income or portfolio values. |
Medium-term notes |
Issued by corporates across a range of maturities. Under MTN Programmes notes are offered on a regular and continuous basis to investors. |
Monoline insurers |
Entities which specialise in providing credit protection to the holders of debt instruments in the event of default by the debt security counterparty. This protection is typically held in the form of derivatives such as CDSs referencing the underlying exposures held. |
Mortgage-backed securities ('MBS's) |
Securities that represent interests in groups of mortgages, which may be on residential or commercial properties. Investors in these securities have the right to cash received from future mortgage payments (interest and/or principal). When the MBS references mortgages with different risk profiles, the MBS is classified according to the highest risk class. |
Mortgage-related assets |
Referenced to underlying mortgages. |
Mortgage vintage |
The year a mortgage was originated. |
N |
|
Negative equity mortgages |
Equity is the value of the asset less the outstanding balance on the loan. Negative equity arises when the value of the property purchased is below the balance outstanding on the loan. |
Net asset value per share |
Total shareholders' equity, less non-cumulative preference shares and capital securities, divided by the number of ordinary shares in issue. |
Net interest income |
The amount of interest received or receivable on assets net of interest paid or payable on liabilities. |
Net interest income sensitivity |
Considers all pricing mismatches in the current balance sheet, with suitable assumptions for balance sheet growth in the future, and calculates the change in net interest income that would result from a set of defined interest rate shocks. |
Net principal exposure |
The gross principal amount of a financial asset after taking account of credit protection purchased but excluding the effect of any counterparty credit valuation adjustment to that protection. It includes assets that benefit from monoline protection, except where this protection is purchased with a CDS. |
Net stable funding ratio ('NSFR') |
The ratio of available stable funding to required stable funding over a one year time horizon, assuming a stressed scenario. Available stable funding would include items such as equity capital, preferred stock with a maturity of over one year and liabilities with an assessed maturity of over one year. The Basel III rules require this ratio to be over 100% with effect from 2018. The NSFR is still subject to an observation period and review to address any unintended consequences. |
Non-conforming mortgages |
US mortgages that do not meet normal lending criteria. Examples include mortgages where the expected level of documentation is not provided (such as with income self-certification), or where poor credit history increases the risk and results in pricing at a higher than normal lending rate. |
Non-trading portfolios |
Portfolios that comprise positions that primarily arise from the interest rate management of our retail and commercial banking assets and liabilities, financial investments designated as available for sale and held to maturity, and exposures arising from our insurance operations. |
Non-trading risk |
The market risk arising from non-trading portfolios. |
O |
|
Offset mortgages |
A flexible type of mortgage where a borrower's savings balance(s) held at the same institution can be used to offset the mortgage balance outstanding. The borrower pays interest on the net balance which is calculated by subtracting the credit balance(s) from the debit balance. As part of the offset mortgage a total facility limit is agreed and the borrower may redraw up to a pre-agreed limit. |
Overnight Index Swap ('OIS') discounting |
A method of valuing collateralised interest rate derivatives which uses a discount curve that reflects the overnight interest rate typically earned or paid in respect of collateral received. |
Operational risk |
The risk of loss resulting from inadequate or failed internal processes, people and systems or from external events, including legal risk. |
Over-the-counter ('OTC') |
A bilateral transaction (e.g. derivatives) that is not exchange traded and that is valued using valuation models. |
P |
|
Pension risk |
The risk that contributions from Group companies and members fail to generate sufficient funds to meet the cost of accruing benefits for the future service of active members, and the risk that the performance of assets held in pension funds is insufficient to cover existing pension liabilities. |
Performance shares |
Awards of HSBC Holdings ordinary shares under employee share plans that are subject to the achievement of corporate performance conditions. |
Personal lending |
See 'Retail loans'. |
PRA standard rules |
The method prescribed by the PRA for calculating market risk capital requirements in the absence of VaR model approval. |
Term |
Definition |
Prime |
A US description for mortgages granted to the most creditworthy category of borrowers. |
Private equity investments |
Equity securities in operating companies not quoted on a public exchange, often involving the investment of capital in private companies or the acquisition of a public company that results in its delisting. |
Probability of default ('PD') |
The probability that an obligor will default within one year. |
Prudential Regulation |
The Prudential Regulation Authority in the UK is responsible for prudential regulation and supervision of banks, building societies, credit unions, insurers and major investment firms. |
R |
|
Refi rate |
The refi (or refinancing) rate is set by the European Central Bank ('ECB') and is the price banks pay to borrow from the ECB. |
Regulatory capital |
The capital which HSBC holds, determined in accordance with rules established by the PRA for the consolidated Group and by local regulators for individual Group companies. |
Regulatory matters |
Investigations, reviews and other actions carried out by, or in response to the actions of, regulators or law enforcement agencies in connection with alleged wrongdoing by HSBC. |
Renegotiated loans |
Loans for which the contractual terms have been changed because of significant concerns about the borrower's ability to meet the contractual payments when due. |
Repo |
A short-term funding agreement that allows a borrower to create a collateralised loan by selling a financial asset to a lender. As part of the agreement the borrower commits to repurchase the security at a date in the future repaying the proceeds of the loan. For the party on the other end of the transaction (buying the security and agreeing to sell in the future) it is reverse repurchase agreement or a reverse repo. |
Reputational risk |
The risk that illegal, unethical or inappropriate behaviour by the Group itself, members of staff or clients or representatives of the Group will damage HSBC's reputation, leading, potentially, to a loss of business, fines or penalties. |
Residential mortgage |
A loan to purchase a residential property which is then used as collateral to guarantee repayment of the loan. The borrower gives the lender a lien against the property, and the lender can foreclose on the property if the borrower does not repay the loan per the agreed terms. |
Restricted shares |
Awards that define the number of HSBC Holdings ordinary shares to which the employee will become entitled, generally between one and three years from the date of the award, and normally subject to the individual remaining in employment. The shares to which the employee becomes entitled may be subject to retention requirement. |
Retail loans |
Money lent to individuals rather than institutions. This includes both secured and unsecured loans such as mortgages and credit card balances. |
Return on equity |
Profit attributable to shareholders of the parent company divided by average ordinary shareholders' equity. |
Risk appetite |
The aggregate level and types of risk a firm is willing to assume within its risk capacity to achieve its strategic objectives and business plan. |
Risk capacity |
The maximum level of risk the firm can assume before breaching constraints determined by regulatory capital and liquidity needs and its obligations, also from a conduct perspective, to depositors, policyholders, other customers and shareholders. |
Risk-weighted assets |
Calculated by assigning a degree of risk expressed as a percentage (risk weight) to an exposure value in accordance with the applicable Standardised or IRB approach rules. |
Run-off portfolios |
Legacy credit in GB&M, the US CML portfolio and other US run-off portfolios, including the treasury services related to the US CML businesses and commercial operations in run-off. Origination of new business in the run-off portfolios has been discontinued and balances are being managed down through attrition and sale. |
S |
|
Sale and repurchase agreement |
See repo above. |
Second lien |
A security interest granted over an item of property to secure the repayment of a debt that is issued against the same collateral as a first lien but that is subordinate to it. In the case of default, repayment for this debt will only be received after the first lien has been repaid. |
Securitisation |
A transaction or scheme whereby the credit risk associated with an exposure, or pool of exposures, is tranched and where payments to investors in the transaction or scheme are dependent upon the performance of the exposure or pool of exposures. A traditional securitisation involves the transfer of the exposures being securitised to a structured entity which issues securities. In a synthetic securitisation, the tranching is achieved by the use of credit derivatives and the exposures are not removed from the balance sheet of the originator. |
Securitisation swap |
An interest rate or cross currency swap with notional linked to the size of the outstanding asset portfolio in a securitisation. Securitisation swaps are typically executed by securitisation vehicles to hedge interest rate risk arising from mismatches between the interest rate risk profile of the asset portfolio and that of the securities issued by the vehicle. |
Term |
Definition |
Short sale |
In relation to credit risk management, a 'short sale' is an arrangement in which a bank permits the borrower to sell the property for less than the amount outstanding under a loan agreement. The proceeds are used to reduce the outstanding loan balance and the borrower is subsequently released from any further obligations on the loan. |
Single-issuer liquidity facility |
A liquidity or stand-by line provided to a corporate customer which is different from a similar line provided to a conduit funding vehicle. |
Six filters |
An internal measure designed to improve capital deployment across the Group. Five of the filters examine the strategic relevance of each business in each country, in terms of connectivity and economic development, and the current returns, in terms of profitability, cost efficiency and liquidity. The sixth filter requires adherence to global risk standards. |
Sovereign exposures |
Exposures to governments, ministries, departments of governments, embassies, consulates and exposures on account of cash balances and deposits with central banks. |
Standardised approach |
In relation to credit risk, a method for calculating credit risk capital requirements using External Credit Assessment Institutions ('ECAI') ratings and supervisory risk weights. In relation to operational risk, a method of calculating the operational capital requirement by the application of a supervisory defined percentage charge to the gross income of eight specified business lines. |
Stressed VaR |
A market risk measure based on potential market movements for a continuous one-year period of stress for a trading portfolio |
Structured entities |
An entity that has been designed so that voting or similar rights are not the dominant factor in deciding who controls the entity, such as when voting rights relate to administrative tasks only and the relevant activities are directed by means of contractual arrangements. |
Structured finance/notes |
An instrument whose return is linked to the level of a specified index or the level of a specified asset. The return on a structured note can be linked to equities, interest rates, foreign exchange, commodities or credit. Structured notes may or may not offer full or partial capital protection in the event of a decline in the underlying index or asset. |
Structured Investment Vehicles ('SIV's) |
Structured entities which invest in diversified portfolios of interest-earning assets, generally funded through issues of commercial paper, medium-term notes and other senior debt to take advantage of the spread differentials between the assets in the SIV and the funding cost. |
Student loan-related assets |
Securities with collateral relating to student loans. |
Subordinated liabilities |
Liabilities which rank after the claims of other creditors of the issuer in the event of insolvency or liquidation. |
Sub-prime |
A US description for customers with high credit risk, for example those who have limited credit histories, modest incomes, high debt-to-income ratios, high loan-to-value ratios (for real estate secured products) or have experienced credit problems caused by occasional delinquencies, prior charge-offs, bankruptcy or other credit-related problems. |
Sustainability risk |
The risk that the environmental and social effects of providing financial services outweigh the economic benefits. |
Sustainable cost savings |
Permanent cost reductions at a given level of business activity. Sustainable cost savings exclude cost avoidance and revenue and loan impairment charge benefits as these do not represent operational expense reductions. Cost savings resulting from business disposals are not classified as sustainable. |
Systems risk |
The risk of failure or other deficiency in the automated platforms that support the Group's daily execution and the systems infrastructure on which they reside, including data centres, networks and distributed computers. |
T |
|
Tier 1 capital |
A component of regulatory capital, comprising core tier 1 and other tier 1 capital. Other tier 1 capital includes qualifying capital instruments such as non-cumulative perpetual preference shares and hybrid capital securities. |
Tier 2 capital |
A component of regulatory capital, comprising qualifying subordinated loan capital, related non-controlling interests, allowable collective impairment allowances and unrealised gains arising on the fair valuation of equity instruments held as available-for-sale. Tier 2 capital also includes reserves arising from the revaluation of properties. |
Trading portfolios |
Positions arising from market-making and warehousing of customer-derived positions. |
Trading risk |
Market risk arising from trading portfolios. |
Troubled debt restructuring |
A US description for restructuring a debt whereby the creditor for economic or legal reasons related to a debtor's financial difficulties grants a concession to the debtor that it would not otherwise consider. |
Term |
Definition |
U |
|
Unencumbered assets |
Assets on our balance sheet which have not been pledged as collateral against an existing liability. |
Unfunded exposures |
An exposure where the notional amount of a contract has not been exchanged. |
US government agency and sponsored enterprises mortgage-related assets |
Securities that are guaranteed by US government agencies such as Ginnie Mae, or by US government sponsored entities including Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac. |
V |
|
Value-at-risk |
A measure of the loss that could occur on risk positions as a result of adverse movements in market risk factors (e.g. rates, prices, volatilities) over a specified time horizon and to a given level of confidence. |
W |
|
Wholesale loans |
Money lent to sovereign borrowers, banks, non-bank financial institutions and corporate entities. |
Write-down/Write-off |
When a financial asset is written down or written off, a customer balance is partially or fully removed, respectively, from the balance sheet. Loans (and related impairment allowance accounts) are normally written off, either partially or in full, when there is no realistic prospect of recovery. Where loans are secured, this is generally after receipt of any proceeds from the realisation of security. In circumstances where the net realisable value of any collateral has been determined and there is no reasonable expectation of further recovery, write-off may be earlier. |
Wrong-way risk |
An adverse correlation between the counterparty's PD and the mark-to-market value of the underlying transaction. |
Index
A |
Abbreviations 281 |
Accounting |
consolidation 215 |
future developments 215 |
policies 217 |
standards 214 |
Acquisitions 46, 62 |
Anti-money laundering investigations 264 |
Areas of special interest 107 |
Asia |
assets 38 |
balance sheet data 74 |
by country 71, 72 |
constant currency/reported profit 20 |
cost efficiency ratios 36, 70 |
country business highlights 71 |
customer accounts 42, 74 |
economic background 70 |
financial overview 70 |
impairment allowances/charges 131, 132, 134 |
loans and advances 74 |
profit before tax 61, 70, 74 |
review of performance 72 |
risk-weighted assets 62 |
staff numbers 35, 70 |
underlying/reported profit 24 |
Asset-backed securities 143 |
Assets 2 |
by geographical region 62, 67, 74, 80, 86, 92 |
by global business 46, 67, 74, 80, 86, 92 |
charged as security 252 |
constant currency/reported reconciliation 40 |
held for sale 241 |
held in custody and under administration 95 |
liquid 150 |
maturity analysis 245 |
movement in 39 |
risk-weighted 3, 44, 46, 62 |
trading 222 |
Associates and joint ventures 36, 72, 254 |
underlying/reported reconciliation 23 |
Auditor's review report 270 |
B |
Backtesting 159 |
Balance sheet |
consolidated 38, 208 |
constant currency/reported reconciliation 40 |
data 38, 58, 67, 74, 80 |
insurance manufacturing subsidiaries 170 |
movement 39 |
Balance Sheet Management 42, 161 |
Bancassurance 169 |
Bank of Communications 254 |
Basis of preparation 214 |
Brazilian economic plans 268 |
Brazilian labour and fiscal claims 245 |
Business model 11 |
C |
Capital |
buffers 187 |
commitments 257 |
generation 194 |
management 193 |
measurement and allocation 194 |
overview 176 |
ratios 3, 176 |
risks 193 |
structure 184 |
total regulatory 194 |
Cash flows 151 |
consolidated statement 209 |
notes 253 |
Cautionary statement regarding forward-looking statements 280 |
Client assets 55 |
Collateral 252 |
Combined customer lending and deposits 41 |
Commercial Banking 50 |
constant currency/reported profit 20 |
cost efficiency ratios 36 |
customer deposit markets 148 |
management view 50 |
underlying/reported profit 24 |
Commercial real estate 120 |
Commitments 111 |
Competitive advantages 10 |
Compliance risk 166 |
Compliance with IFRSs 214 |
Composition of Group (changes in) 216 |
Concentration of exposure 136 |
Constant currency 19 |
Consumer Credit Act (UK) 244 |
Contents - inside front cover |
Contingent liabilities contractual commitments and guarantees 257 |
Copies of the Interim Report 278 |
Corporate governance 277 |
Cost items (significant) 27 |
Countercyclical buffer 188 |
Counterparty risk 181, 198 |
CRD IV 149, 176, 195 |
Credit default swap regulatory investigation and litigation 267 |
Credit quality 120 |
Credit risk 109, 179 |
credit exposure 111 |
drivers 196 |
risk-weighted assets 178 |
Credit valuation adjustment 225 |
Cross-border liquidity and funding 154 |
Customer accounts 3, 42, 67, 74, 80, 86, 92 |
Customer lending and deposits (combined) 41 |
D |
Data management 107 |
Dealings in HSBC Holdings shares 276 |
Debit valuation adjustment 225 |
Deferred tax 220 |
Defined terms - inside front cover |
Derivatives 236 |
by product contract type 236 |
credit 237 |
exposure 111, 136 |
hedging instruments 238 |
interest rate 244 |
trading 237 |
Directors |
biographies 199 |
board changes 5 |
interests 271 |
responsibility statement 269 |
Disposals 22, 46, 62 |
Dividends 217, 276 |
E |
Earnings per share 218 |
Economic background |
Asia 70 |
Europe 63 |
Latin America 89 |
Middle East and North Africa 77 |
North America 83 |
Equity 38, 40 |
Equity securities available for sale 161 |
Estimates and assumptions 215 |
Europe |
assets 62, 67 |
balance sheet data 67 |
by country 64 |
constant currency/reported profit 20 |
cost efficiency ratios 36 |
country business highlights 64 |
customer accounts 42, 67 |
economic background 63 |
financial overview 63 |
impairment allowances/charges 131, 132, 134 |
loans and advances 67 |
profit before tax 61, 63, 64, 67 |
review of performance 65 |
risk-weighted assets 62 |
staff numbers 35, 63 |
underlying/reported profit 24 |
Eurozone banking reform 191 |
Events after the balance sheet date 268 |
F |
Fair values |
adjustments 224 |
control framework 224 |
movements 62 |
of financial instruments at fair value 223 |
of financial instruments not at fair value 233 |
significant unobservable assumptions 228 |
valuation bases 226 |
Fee income (net) 29 |
constant currency/reported reconciliation 20 |
Final results 277 |
Financial assets |
designated at fair value 235 |
offsetting 250 |
Financial crime compliance 107 |
Financial highlights 2 |
Financial instruments |
at fair value 31 |
credit quality 120 |
not at fair value 233 |
Financial investments 43, 136, 239 |
Financial liabilities designated at fair value 242 |
offsetting 250 |
Footnotes 96, 172 |
Forbearance 126 |
Foreclosed properties in US 117 |
Foreign exchange rates 25, 38 |
investigations and litigation 267 |
Funding sources 153 |
Funds under management 95 |
G |
Gains less losses from financial investments 32 |
Geographical regions 12 |
risk-weighted assets 177 |
Global Banking and Markets 52 |
ABSs classified as AFS 143 |
constant currency/reported profit 20 |
cost efficiency ratios 36 |
customer deposit markets 148 |
fair value adjustments 224 |
management view 53 |
underlying/reported profit 24 |
Global businesses 13, 45 |
risk-weighted assets 177 |
Global functions 12 |
Global Private Banking 55 |
constant currency/reported profit 20 |
cost efficiency ratios 36 |
customer deposit markets 149 |
underlying/reported profit 24 |
Global Standards 14 |
Glossary 284 |
Going concern 217, 278 |
Gold and silver fix-related litigation 267 |
Goodwill impairment 259 |
Governance framework 14 |
Group Chairman's Statement 4 |
Group Chief Executive's Business Review 6 |
Group Managing Directors 204 |
Growth priorities 48, 51, 54, 56 |
H |
Highlights 2, 47, 50, 52, 55, 63, 70, 77, 83, 89 |
HSBC Finance 116,128 |
HSBC Holdings 12, 164 |
I |
Impairment |
allowances and charges 133 |
by geographical region 131, 135 |
charges and other credit risk provisions 34 |
constant currency/reported profit 135 |
impaired loans 129 |
Income from financial instruments designated at fair value (net) 31 |
Income statement |
consolidated 25, 206 |
Information security 106 |
Insurance |
asset and liability matching 169 |
balance sheet by type of contract 170 |
claims incurred and movement in liabilities to policyholders (net) 34 |
net earned premiums 32 |
risk 169, 171 |
Interest-earning assets 28 |
Interest expense 29 |
Interest income (net) 28 |
constant currency/reported reconciliation 20 |
sensitivity 162 |
underlying/reported reconciliation 23 |
Interest rate repricing gap 164 |
Interim Management Statement 277 |
Interim Report 268 |
Internet crime 106 |
Investment criteria 13 |
L |
Latin America |
assets 92 |
balance sheet data 92 |
by country 90 |
constant currency/reported profit 20 |
cost efficiency ratios 36 |
country business highlights 90 |
customer accounts 42, 92 |
economic background 89 |
financial overview 89 |
impairment allowances/charges 131, 132, 134 |
loans and advances 92 |
profit before tax 61, 89, 92 |
review of performance 91 |
risk-weighted assets 62 |
staff numbers 35, 89 |
underlying/reported profit 24 |
Legal proceedings 259 |
Leverage ratio 198 |
Liabilities 38 |
constant currency/reported reconciliation 40 |
financial liabilities designated at fair value 242 |
maturity analysis 245 |
movement in 39 |
offsetting 250 |
trading 242 |
Libor investigation 266 |
Liquidity and funding 148 |
assets of principal entities 150 |
contingent liquidity risk 152 |
management 149 |
regulation 149 |
Loans and advances |
ageing analysis 125 |
by country/region 138, 139 |
by credit quality 121 |
by industry sector 118, 137 |
excluding held for sale 110 |
exposure 111, 136 |
impaired 129 |
mortgage lending 113, 114, 116 |
past due but not impaired 124 |
personal lending 109, 113 |
renegotiated 126 |
to banks 139 |
to customers 3, 67, 74, 80, 86, 92, 140 |
wholesale lending 118 |
Loan impairment charges and other credit risk provisions 34 |
underlying/reported reconciliation 23 |
M |
Madoff 260 |
Margin 28 |
Market capitalisation 1, 3 |
Market risk 157, 182 |
measures applicable to parent 164 |
Middle East and North Africa |
assets 80 |
balance sheet data 80 |
by country 78 |
constant currency/reported profit 20 |
cost efficiency ratios 36, 77 |
country business highlights 77 |
customer accounts 42, 80 |
economic background 77 |
financial overview 77 |
impairment allowances/charges 131, 132, 134 |
loans and advances 80 |
profit before tax 61, 77, 80 |
review of performance 79 |
risk-weighted assets 62 |
staff numbers 35, 77 |
underlying/reported profit 24 |
Models 107 |
Monitor 15 |
Mortgage lending 113, 114, 116 |
Mortgage-related investigations (US) 262 |
Mortgage sales 147 |
N |
Non-GAAP measures 19 |
Non-trading portfolios 139, 160 |
North America |
assets 86 |
balance sheet data 86 |
by country 84 |
constant currency/reported profit 20 |
cost efficiency ratios 36, 83 |
country business highlights 84 |
customer accounts 42, 86 |
economic background 83 |
financial overview 83 |
impairment allowances/charges 131, 132, 134 |
loans and advances 86 |
profit before tax 61 |
review of performance 85 |
risk-weighted assets 62 |
staff numbers 35, 83 |
underlying/reported profit 24 |
Notifiable interests in share capital 275 |
O |
Off-balance sheet arrangements 245 |
Offices 1 |
Offsets 250 |
Operating expenses 35 |
underlying/reported reconciliation 23 |
Operating income (other) 33 |
underlying/reported reconciliation 23 |
Operating model 12 |
Operational risk 165 |
'Other' segment 57 |
Outlook 5, 7 |
P |
Payment protection insurance 243 |
Pension scheme 164 |
Personal lending 108, 113 |
Pillar 1, 2 and 3 195, 196 |
Preferred securities 38 |
Presentation of information 214, 216 |
Profit before tax |
attributable 218 |
by country 64, 71, 72, 78, 84, 90 |
by geographical region 20, 24, 61, 63, 67, 74, 77, 80, 83, 86, 89, 92 |
by global business 20, 24, 46, 58, 67, 74, 80, 86, 92 |
consolidated 2, 25 |
constant currency/reported reconciliation 20 |
data 2 |
underlying 24 |
underlying/reported reconciliation 23 |
PRA buffer 188 |
Provisions 243 |
PVIF 33 |
R |
Ratios |
advances to core funding 149 |
capital (total) 3 |
common equity tier 1 3, 18 |
core tier 1 ratio 3 |
cost efficiency 2, 18, 36, 58, 63, 67, 70, 74, 80, 83, 89, 92 |
cost of risk 18 |
customer advances to customer accounts 3, 18 |
dividend payout 2 |
dividends per ordinary share 2 |
earnings per share 2 |
leverage 3, 198 |
LICs to total operating income 2 |
net assets per share 38 |
return on average risk-weighted assets 3, 18, 43, 47, 63, 70, 77, 83, 89 |
return on average total assets 3 |
return on equity 18 |
stressed coverage 150 |
Regulatory |
capital 177, 185 |
capital buffers 187 |
investigations 102 |
risks 101 |
source and application 183 |
update 190 |
Related parties 95 |
Representations and warranties 147 |
Repurchase agreements (repos) and reverse repos 29, 41, 111, 139, 153, 239 |
Reputational risk 168 |
Responsibility statement 269 |
Retail Banking and Wealth Management 47 |
constant currency/reported profit 20 |
cost efficiency ratios 36 |
customer deposit markets 148 |
management view 48 |
Principal RBWM 48 |
underlying/reported profit 24 |
Revenue |
items (significant) 27 |
underlying/reported reconciliation 23 |
Review of performance 47, 50, 53, 55, 65, 72, 79, 85, 91 |
Risks 16 |
appetite 15, 18 |
aversion 5 |
business 104 |
capital 193 |
compliance 166 |
contingent liquidity 152 |
counterparty credit risk 198 |
credit 109 |
credit spread 161 |
data management 107 |
dispute 104 |
execution 104 |
factors 16 |
foreign exchange 164 |
geopolitical 101 |
information security 106 |
insurance operations 169, 171 |
internet crime 106 |
liquidity and funding 148 |
managing risk 100 |
market 157 |
model 107 |
non-trading interest rate 161 |
operational 165 |
people 105 |
profile 99 |
regulatory 101 |
reputational 168 |
social media 106 |
stress test 105 |
top and emerging 17, 100 |
wrong way 225 |
Risk-weighted assets 3, 177, 178 |
by geographical region 62 |
by global business 46 |
integrity 189 |
targets 193 |
underlying/reported reconciliation 44 |
S |
Securities investment conduits 143, 152 |
Securities litigation 260 |
Securitisation 143 |
activity and litigation 263 |
Segmental analysis 257 |
Senior management 204 |
Sensitivity of net interest income 162 |
Share capital 38 |
Share capital - notifiable interests 275 |
Shareholder enquiries 278 |
Share information 38 |
Share option plans |
Directors' interests 272 |
discretionary 275 |
employee share plans 274 |
Significant items 27 |
Six filters 13 |
Spread 28 |
Staff numbers 35, 63, 70, 77, 83, 89 |
Statement of changes in equity (consolidated) 210 |
Statement of comprehensive income (consolidated) 207 |
Stock lending 153 |
Stock symbols 278 |
#Strategic direction 9 |
Commercial Banking 50 |
Global Banking and Markets 52 |
Global Private Banking 55 |
Retail Banking and Wealth Management 48 |
Strategic priorities 1, 10 |
Stress testing 105, 108, 189, 193 |
Structural banking reform 190 |
Structural foreign exchange exposures 161 |
Sustainability (long-term) 8 |
Systemically important banks 187 |
T |
Tax 37, 219 |
US tax and broker-dealer investigations 265 |
Telephone and online share-dealing service 278 |
Total shareholder return 3 |
Trading |
assets 136, 222 |
derivatives 237 |
income (net) 20, 30 |
liabilities 242 |
portfolios 158 |
U |
UK regulatory update 190 |
Underlying performance 22 |
V |
Value at risk 158, 160 |
stressed 159 |
Value creation 8 |
Values 15 |
W |
Wholesale funding 149 |
Wholesale lending 118 |
Wholesale term debt maturity profile 154 |
Y |
Yield 28 |