Prudential plc - Half Year 2012 - IFRS

RNS Number : 7329J
Prudential PLC
10 August 2012
 



STATUTORY BASIS RESULTS

INTERNATIONAL FINANCIAL REPORTING STANDARDS (IFRS) BASIS RESULTS

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED INCOME STATEMENT

 


   

Half year

Half year*

Full year*


   

2012

£m 

2011 

£m 

2011 

£m 

Earned premiums, net of reinsurance  

14,111 

12,930 

25,277 

Investment return note I

8,762 

7,750 

9,360 

Other income  

1,008 

923 

1,869 

Total revenue, net of reinsurance   

23,881 

21,603 

36,506 

Benefits and claims and movement in unallocated surplus of with-profits funds, net of reinsurance  note J

(19,850)

(17,590)

(29,289)

Acquisition costs and other expenditure note H

(2,592)

(2,665)

(5,120)

Finance costs: interest on core structural borrowings of shareholder-financed operations  

(140)

(140)

(286)

Total charges, net of reinsurance   

(22,582)

(20,395)

(34,695)

Profit before tax (being tax attributable to shareholders' and policyholders' returns)**

1,299 

1,208 

1,811 

(Less) add tax (charge) credit attributable to policyholders' returns  

(40)

(94)

17 

Profit before tax attributable to shareholders note C

1,259 

1,114 

1,828 

Total tax charge attributable to policyholders and shareholders note K

(347)

(377)

(392)

Adjustment to remove tax charge (credit) attributable to policyholders returns  

40 

94 

(17)

Tax charge attributable to shareholders' returns note K

(307)

(283)

(409)

Profit for the period  

952 

831 

1,419 

Attributable to:  


  

  


Equity holders of the Company  

952 

829 

1,415 


Non-controlling interests  

Profit for the period  

952 

831 

1,419 


   


 

 

Earnings per share (in pence)  


  

  

Based on profit attributable to the equity holders of the Company: note L


  

  


Basic  

37.5p

32.7p 

55.8p 


Diluted  

37.5p

32.6p 

55.7p 

*    The Group has adopted altered US GAAP requirements for deferred acquisition costs as an improvement to its accounting policy under IFRS 4 for those operations of the Group which measure insurance assets and liabilities substantially by reference to US GAAP principles. Accordingly, the 2011 comparative results and related notes have been adjusted from those previously published for the retrospective application of the improvement as if the new accounting policy had always applied, as described in note B.

**  This measure is the formal profit before tax measure under IFRS but it is not the result attributable to shareholders.

      This is principally because taxes borne by UK with-profits and unit-linked policies through adjustments to benefits are paid on the policyholders' behalf by the Company. These amounts are required to be included in the tax charge of the Company under IAS 12. Consequently, the profit before all taxes measure (which is determined after deducting the cost of policyholder benefits and movements in the liability for unallocated surplus of the PAC with-profits fund after adjusting for taxes borne by policyholders) is not representative of pre-tax profits attributable to shareholders.

 

Dividends per share (in pence)


   

Half year

Half year

Full year


   

2012 

2011 

2011 

   


  

  

Dividends relating to reporting period: note M


  

  


Interim dividend (2012 and 2011)  

8.40p

7.95p

7.95p


Final dividend (2011)  

17.24p

Total  

8.40p

7.95p

25.19p

Dividends declared and paid in reporting period: note M


  

  


Current year interim dividend  

7.95p


Final dividend for prior year  

17.24p

17.24p

17.24p

Total  

17.24p

17.24p

25.19p

 

STATUTORY BASIS RESULTS

INTERNATIONAL FINANCIAL REPORTING STANDARDS (IFRS) BASIS RESULTS

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME

 


  

Half year 

Half year*

Full year*


  

2012 

£m 

2011 

£m 

2011 

£m 


  


 

  

Profit for the period

952 

831 

1,419 


  


 

  

Other comprehensive income:


 

  

Exchange movements on foreign operations and net investment hedges:


 

  


Exchange movements arising during the period

(53)

(57)

(37)


Related tax

(1)

(5)

(68)


  

(54)

(62)

(105)


  


 

  

Unrealised valuation movements on securities of US insurance operations classified as available-for-sale:  


 

  


Unrealised holding gains arising during the period

470 

287 

912 


Add back net losses/deduct net (gains) included in the income statement on disposal and impairment

12 

(50)

(101)

Totalnote U

482 

237 

811 

Related change in amortisation of deferred income and acquisition costs note Q

(181)

(71)

(275)

Related tax

(105)

(57)

(187)


  

196 

109 

349 


  


 

  

Other comprehensive income for the period, net of related tax

142 

47 

244 


  


 

  

Total comprehensive income for the period

1,094 

878 

1,663 


  


 

 

Attributable to:


 

  


Equity holders of the Company

1,094 

876 

1,659 


Non-controlling interests

Total comprehensive income for the period

1,094 

878 

1,663 

*    The Group has adopted altered US GAAP requirements for deferred acquisition costs as an improvement to its accounting policy under IFRS 4 for those operations of the Group which measure insurance assets and liabilities substantially by reference to US GAAP principles. Accordingly, the 2011 comparative results and related notes have been adjusted from those previously published for the retrospective application of the improvement as if the new accounting policy had always applied, as described in note B.

 

STATUTORY BASIS RESULTS

INTERNATIONAL FINANCIAL REPORTING STANDARDS (IFRS) BASIS RESULTS

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF CHANGES IN EQUITY

 


  

Period ended 30 June 2012


  

Share 
capital 

Share 
premium 

Retained 
earnings 

Translation
 reserve 

Available 

-for-sale 
securities 
reserve 

Shareholders'

equity 

Non-controlling
 interests 

Total 

 equity 


  

£m 

£m 

£m 

£m 

£m 

£m 

£m 

£m 

Reserves








 

Total comprehensive income for the period

952 

(54)

196 

1,094 

1,094 

Dividends

(440)

(440)

(440)

Reserve movements in respect of share-based payments  

52 

52 

52 

Change in non-controlling interests arising principally from purchase and sale of property partnerships of PAC with-profits fund and other consolidated investment funds

(9)

(9)


  








 

Share capital and share premium








 

New share capital subscribed

14 

14 

14 


  








 

Treasury shares








 

Movement in own shares in respect of share-based payment plans

Movement in Prudential plc shares purchased by unit trusts consolidated under IFRS

Net increase (decrease) in equity

14 

572 

(54)

196 

728 

(9)

719 

At beginning of period:








 


As previously reported

127 

1,873 

5,839 

354 

924 

9,117 

43 

9,160 


Effect of change in accounting policy for deferred acquisition costsnote B

(595)

(72)

114 

(553)

(553)


After effect of change

127 

1,873 

5,244 

282 

1,038 

8,564 

43 

8,607 

At end of period

127 

1,887 

5,816 

228 

1,234 

9,292 

34 

9,326 


  








 

 

STATUTORY BASIS RESULTS

INTERNATIONAL FINANCIAL REPORTING STANDARDS (IFRS) BASIS RESULTS

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF CHANGES IN EQUITY

 


  

Period ended 30 June 2011*


  

Share 
capital 

Share 
premium 

Retained 
earnings 

Translation
 reserve 

Available 

-for-sale 
securities 
 reserve 

Shareholders'

equity 

Non-controlling 
 interests 

Total 

 equity 

  

£m 

£m 

£m 

£m 

£m 

£m 

£m 

£m 

Reserves








 

Total comprehensive income for the period

829 

(62)

109 

876 

878 

Dividends

(439)

(439)

(439)

Reserve movements in respect of share-based payments  

25 

25 

25 

  








 

Share capital and share premium








 

New share capital subscribed

15 

15 

15 

  








 

Treasury shares








 

Movement in own shares in respect of share-based payment plans

(10)

(10)

(10)

Movement in Prudential plc shares purchased by unit trusts consolidated under IFRS


Net increase (decrease) in equity

15 

407 

(62)

109 

469 

471 

At beginning of period:








 


As previously reported

127 

1,856 

4,982 

454 

612 

8,031 

44 

8,075 


Effect of change in accounting policy for deferred acquisition costsnote B

(520)

(67)

77 

(510)

(510)


After effect of change

127 

1,856 

4,462 

387 

689 

7,521 

44 

7,565 

At end of period

127 

1,871 

4,869 

325 

798 

7,990 

46 

8,036 

*    The Group has adopted altered US GAAP requirements for deferred acquisition costs as an improvement to its accounting policy under IFRS 4 for those operations of the Group which measure insurance assets and liabilities substantially by reference to US GAAP principles. Accordingly, the 2011 comparative results and related notes have been adjusted from those previously published for the retrospective application of the improvement as if the new accounting policy had always applied, as described in note B.

 

STATUTORY BASIS RESULTS

INTERNATIONAL FINANCIAL REPORTING STANDARDS (IFRS) BASIS RESULTS

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF CHANGES IN EQUITY

 


  

Year ended 31 December 2011*


  

Share 
capital 

Share 
premium 

Retained 
earnings 

Translation reserve 

Available 

-for-sale 
securities 
reserve 

Shareholders'

equity 

Non-controlling 
interests 

Total 

 equity 


  

£m 

£m 

£m 

£m 

£m 

£m 

£m 

£m 

Reserves








 

Total comprehensive income for the year

1,415 

(105)

349 

1,659 

1,663 

Dividends

(642)

(642)

(642)

Reserve movements in respect of share-based payments  

44 

44 

44 

Change in non-controlling interests arising principally from purchase and sale of property partnerships of the PAC with-profits fund and other consolidated investment funds

(5)

(5)

  








 

Share capital and share premium








 

New share capital subscribed

17 

17 

17 


  








 

Treasury shares








 

Movement in own shares in respect of share-based payment plans

(30)

(30)

(30)

Movement in Prudential plc shares purchased by unit trusts consolidated under IFRS

(5)

(5)

(5)

Net increase (decrease) in equity

17 

782 

(105)

349 

1,043 

(1)

1,042 

At beginning of year:








 


As previously reported

127 

1,856 

4,982 

454 

612 

8,031 

44 

8,075 


Effect of change in accounting policy for deferred acquisition costsnote B

(520)

(67)

77 

(510)

(510)


After effect of change

127 

1,856 

4,462 

387 

689 

7,521 

44 

7,565 

At end of year

127 

1,873 

5,244 

282 

1,038 

8,564 

43 

8,607 

*    The Group has adopted altered US GAAP requirements for deferred acquisition costs as an improvement to its accounting policy under IFRS 4 for those operations of the Group which measure insurance assets and liabilities substantially by reference to US GAAP principles. Accordingly, the 2011 comparative results and related notes have been adjusted from those previously published for the retrospective application of the improvement as if the new accounting policy had always applied, as described in note B.

 

STATUTORY BASIS RESULTS

INTERNATIONAL FINANCIAL REPORTING STANDARDS (IFRS) BASIS RESULTS

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF FINANCIAL POSITION

 




  

30 Jun

30 Jun*

31 Dec*




  

2012

 £m

2011

 £m

2011

 £m

Assets


 

  




  


 

  

Intangible assets attributable to shareholders:


 

  


Goodwillnote P

1,467 

1,469 

1,465 


Deferred acquisition costs and other intangible assetsnote Q

4,333 

4,060 

4,234 


Total

5,800 

5,529 

5,699 

  


 

  

Intangible assets attributable to with-profits funds:


 

  


In respect of acquired subsidiaries for venture fund and other investment purposes  

178 

169 

178 


Deferred acquisition costs and other intangible assets

84 

93 

89 


Total

262 

262 

267 

Total  

6,062 

5,791 

5,966 

  


 

  

Other non-investment and non-cash assets:


 

  


Property, plant and equipment

798 

705 

748 


Reinsurers' share of insurance contract liabilities

1,703 

1,334 

1,647 


Deferred tax assets note K

2,179 

2,120 

2,276 


Current tax recoverable

308 

384 

546 


Accrued investment income

2,713 

2,460 

2,710 


Other debtors

1,827 

1,638 

987 


Total  

9,528 

8,641 

8,914 

  


 

  

Investments of long-term business and other operations:


 

  


Investment properties

10,822 

10,965 

10,757 


Investments accounted for using the equity method

112 

71 

70 


Financial investments**:


 

  



Loans note S

9,981 

9,017 

9,714 



Equity securities and portfolio holdings in unit trusts

90,542 

91,037 

87,349 



Debt securities note T

128,269 

117,213 

124,498 



Other investments

8,143 

6,121 

7,509 



Deposits  

12,429 

10,858 

10,708 

Total  

260,298 

245,282 

250,605 




  


 

  

Properties held for sale

394 

Cash and cash equivalents

6,737 

8,589 

7,257 

Total assets note N

282,625 

268,697 

272,745 

*    The Group has adopted altered US GAAP requirements for deferred acquisition costs as an improvement to its accounting policy under IFRS 4 for those operations of the Group which measure insurance assets and liabilities substantially by reference to US GAAP principles. Accordingly, the 2011 comparative results and related notes have been adjusted from those previously published for the retrospective application of the improvement as if the new accounting policy had always applied, as described in note B.

**  Included within financial investments are £5,273 million, £8,744 million and £7,843 million of lent securities as at 30 June 2012, 30 June 2011 and 31 December 2011, respectively.

 

 

STATUTORY BASIS RESULTS

INTERNATIONAL FINANCIAL REPORTING STANDARDS (IFRS) BASIS RESULTS

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF FINANCIAL POSITION

 


  

30 Jun 

30 Jun*

31 Dec*


  

2012 

£m 

2011 

£m 

2011 

£m 

Equity and liabilities


 

  


  


 

  

Equity


 

  

Shareholders' equity   

9,292 

7,990 

8,564 

Non-controlling interests

34 

46 

43 

Total equity

9,326 

8,036 

8,607 


  


 

  

Liabilities


 

  

Policyholder liabilities and unallocated surplus of with-profits funds:


 

  


Contract liabilities (including amounts in respect of contracts classified as investment contracts under IFRS 4)note Y

236,419 

221,432 

227,075 


Unallocated surplus of with-profits fundsnote Y

9,802 

10,872 

9,215 


Total  

246,221 

232,304 

236,290 


  


 

  

Core structural borrowings of shareholder-financed operations:  


 

  


Subordinated debt

2,638 

3,044 

2,652 


Other

958 

954 

959 


Total note V

3,596 

3,998 

3,611 


  


 

  

Other borrowings:


 

 


Operational borrowings attributable to shareholder-financed operations note W

2,804 

2,912 

3,340 


Borrowings attributable to with-profits operations note W

955 

1,440 

972 


  


 

 

Other non-insurance liabilities:


 

 


Obligations under funding, securities lending and sale and repurchase agreements

2,563 

4,537 

3,114 


Net asset value attributable to unit holders of consolidated unit trusts and similar funds

3,778 

3,203 

3,840 


Deferred tax liabilities note K

3,913 

3,936 

3,929 


Current tax liabilities

627 

876 

930 


Accruals and deferred income

641 

585 

736 


Other creditors

2,989 

2,599 

2,544 


Provisions  

411 

587 

529 


Derivative liabilities

3,452 

2,385 

3,054 


Other liabilities

1,349 

1,299 

1,249 


Total

19,723 

20,007 

19,925 

Total liabilities

273,299 

260,661 

264,138 

Total equity and liabilities note N

282,625 

268,697 

272,745 

*    The Group has adopted altered US GAAP requirements for deferred acquisition costs as an improvement to its accounting policy under IFRS 4 for those operations of the Group which measure insurance assets and liabilities substantially by reference to US GAAP principles. Accordingly, the 2011 comparative results and related notes have been adjusted from those previously published for the retrospective application of the improvement as if the new accounting policy had always applied, as described in note B.

 

STATUTORY BASIS RESULTS

INTERNATIONAL FINANCIAL REPORTING STANDARDS (IFRS) BASIS RESULTS

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF CASH FLOWS

 



   

Half year 

Half year*

Full year*



   

2012 

 £m 

2011 

£m 

2011 

£m 

Cash flows from operating activities   


 

  

Profit before tax (being tax attributable to shareholders' and policyholders' returns)note (i)

1,299 

1,208 

1,811 

Non-cash movements in operating assets and liabilities reflected in profit before tax note (ii)

(939)

875 

162 

Other items note (iii)

(172)

122 

(235)

Net cash flows from operating activities  

188 

2,205 

1,738 

Cash flows from investing activities  


 

  

Net cash flows from purchases and disposals of property, plant and equipment  

(108)

(42)

(114)

Acquisition of subsidiaries, net of cash balance note (iv)

(41)

(53)

Change to Group's holdings, net of cash balance note (iv)

23 

Net cash flows from investing activities  

(85)

(83)

(167)

Cash flows from financing activities  


 

  

Structural borrowings of the Group:  


 

  


Shareholder-financed operations notes (v) and V:


 

  



Issue of subordinated debt, net of costs  

340 

340 



Redemption of subordinated debt  

(333)



Interest paid   

(139)

(137)

(286)


With-profits operations  notes (vi) and W:


 

  



Interest paid  

(4)

(4)

(9)

Equity capital:  


 

  


Issues of ordinary share capital  

14 

15 

17 


Dividends paid   

(440)

(439)

(642)

Net cash flows from financing activities  

(569)

(225)

(913)

Net (decrease) increase in cash and cash equivalents  

(466)

1,897 

658 

Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period  

7,257 

6,631 

6,631 

Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents  

(54)

61 

(32)

Cash and cash equivalents at end of period  

6,737 

8,589 

7,257 

* The Group has adopted altered US GAAP requirements for deferred acquisition costs as an improvement to its accounting policy under IFRS 4 for those operations of the Group which measure insurance assets and liabilities substantially by reference to US GAAP principles. Accordingly, the 2011 comparative results and related notes have been adjusted from those previously published for the retrospective application of the improvement as if the new accounting policy had always applied, as described in note B.

 

Notes

(i)      This measure is the formal profit before tax measure under IFRS but it is not the result attributable to shareholders.

(ii)     The adjusting items to profit before tax included within non-cash movements in operating assets and liabilities reflected in profit before tax are as follows:

 



Half year 

Half year 

Full year 



2012 

£m 

2011 

£m 

2011 

£m 


Other non-investment and non-cash assets

(1,261)

(869)

(999)


Investments

(9,341)

(6,984)

(8,854)


Policyholder liabilities (including unallocated surplus)

10,782 

8,530 

10,874 


Other liabilities (including operational borrowings)

(1,119)

198 

(859)


Non-cash movements in operating assets and liabilities reflected in profit before tax

(939)

875 

162 

 

(iii)    The adjusting items to profit before tax included within other items are adjustments in respect of non-cash items, together with operational interest receipts and payments, dividend receipts and tax paid.

(iv)    There were no acquisitions for half year 2012. The acquisition of subsidiaries in half year and full year 2011 related to the outflows from the PAC with-profits fund's purchases of venture investments. The change to Group's holding for half year 2012 relates to the dilution of the Group's holding in PPM South Africa during the period from 75 per cent to 47 per cent. As a result of the dilution, PPM South Africa was deconsolidated as a subsidiary and treated as an associate. See note G for additional details.

(v)     Structural borrowings of shareholder-financed operations comprise core debt of the parent company, PruCap bank loan and Jackson surplus notes. Core debt excludes borrowings to support short-term fixed income securities programmes, non-recourse borrowings of investment subsidiaries of shareholder-financed operations and other borrowings of shareholder-financed operations. Cash flows in respect of these borrowings are included within cash flows from operating activities.

(vi)    Structural borrowings of with-profits operations relate solely to the £100 million 8.5 per cent undated subordinated guaranteed bonds which contribute to the solvency base of the Scottish Amicable Insurance Fund (SAIF), a ring-fenced sub-fund of the PAC with-profits fund. Cash flows in respect of other borrowings of with-profits funds, which principally relate to consolidated investment funds, are included within cash flows from operating activities.

 

INTERNATIONAL FINANCIAL REPORTING STANDARDS (IFRS) BASIS RESULTS

 

NOTES ON THE IFRS BASIS RESULTS

 

A    Basis of preparation and audit status

 

These condensed consolidated interim financial statements for the six months ended 30 June 2012 have been prepared in accordance with IAS 34 'Interim Financial Reporting' as issued by the International Accounting Standards Board (IASB) and as endorsed by the European Union (EU). The Group's policy for preparing this interim financial information is to use the accounting policies adopted by the Group in its last consolidated financial statements, as updated by any changes in accounting policies it intends to make in its next consolidated financial statements as a result of new or amended IFRSs that are applicable or available for early adoption for the next annual financial statements and other policy improvements. EU-endorsed IFRSs may differ from IFRSs issued by the IASB if, at any point in time, new or amended IFRSs have not been endorsed by the EU. At 30 June 2012, there were no unendorsed standards effective for the period ended 30 June 2012 affecting the condensed consolidated financial statements of the Group, and there were no differences between IFRSs endorsed by the EU and IFRSs issued by the IASB in terms of their application to the Group.

 

The IFRS basis results for the 2012 and 2011 half years are unaudited. Except for the effect of the adoption of altered US GAAP reporting requirements for Group IFRS reporting as explained in note B, the 2011 full year IFRS basis results have been derived from the 2011 statutory accounts. The auditors have reported on the 2011 statutory accounts which have been delivered to the Registrar of Companies. The auditors' report was (i) unqualified, (ii) did not include a reference to any matters to which the auditors drew attention by way of emphasis without qualifying their report and (iii) did not contain a statement under section 498(2) or (3) of the Companies Act 2006.

 

The accounting policies applied by the Group in determining the IFRS basis results in this report are the same as those previously applied in the Group's consolidated financial statements for the year ended 31 December 2011, except for the adoption of altered US GAAP reporting requirements for Group IFRS report as described below.

 

B    Adoption of altered US GAAP reporting requirements for Group IFRS reporting in 2012

 

Background

In October 2010, the Emerging Issues Trust Force of the US Financial Accounting Standards Board issued update No 2010-26 on 'Accounting for Costs Associated with Acquiring or Renewing Insurance Contracts' (the 'Update'). The Update was issued to address perceived diversity by companies preparing financial statements in accordance with US GAAP as regards the types of acquisition costs being deferred. Under US GAAP, costs that can be deferred and amortised are those that 'vary with and are primarily related to the acquisition of insurance contracts'. The Update requires insurers to capitalise only those incremental costs directly relating to acquiring a contract for financial statements for reporting periods beginning after 15 December 2011. All other indirect acquisition expenses are required to be charged to the income statements as incurred expenses. Accordingly, the main impact of the Update is to disallow insurers from deferring costs that are not directly related to successful sales.

 

The Group's IFRS accounting policies include that under IFRS 4, 'Insurance Contracts', insurance assets and liabilities other than those for UK regulated with-profits funds, are measured using the GAAP basis applied prior to IFRS adoption in 2005. On this basis insurance assets and liabilities are measured under the UK Modified Statutory Basis (MSB) which was codified by the Statement of Recommended Practice (SORP) on accounting for insurance business issued by the Association of British Insurers (ABI) in 2003. The MSB requires the deferral of acquisition costs and, in the first instance, the use of a gross premium valuation basis of liability measurement unless a net premium valuation basis is required by the regulator. However, the SORP also permits the use of local GAAP subject to the requirement for adjustments to be made to ensure sufficient consistency of measurement under the UK GAAP framework under which the SORP was developed.

 

In applying this overarching basis, the Group has chosen to apply US GAAP for measuring the insurance assets and liabilities of Jackson. In addition, for the Group's operations in India, Japan, Taiwan and Vietnam, where the local GAAP basis would not be appropriate as the start point for deriving MSB insurance asset and liabilities, the measurement has been determined substantially by reference to US GAAP requirements. 

 

For half year 2012, the Group has the option to either continue with its current basis of measurement or improve its accounting policy under IFRS4 to acknowledge the issuance of the Update. Prudential has chosen to improve its accounting policy in 2012 to apply the US GAAP update, on a retrospective basis, to the results of Jackson and the four Asia operations.

 

The half year and full 2011 comparatives in these condensed consolidated interim financial statements have been adjusted accordingly for the retrospective application of this Update.

 

Effect of change in accounting policy

(a)  The effect of the change in accounting policy for deferred acquisition costs (DAC) on the income statement, earnings per share, comprehensive income, changes in equity and statement of financial position is shown in the tables below.

 

Condensed Consolidated Income Statement

 

 

Half year 2012


Half year 2011


Full year 2011

 

Under 

 previous 

 basis 

Effect of 

change 

Under 

 new 

 policy 


As 

 reported 

 under 

 previous 

 basis 

Effect of 

change 

Under 

 new 

 policy 


As 

 reported 

 under 

 previous 

 basis 

Effect of 

change 

Under 

 new 

 policy 

 

£m 

£m 

£m 


£m 

£m 

£m 


£m 

£m 

£m 

 












Total revenue, net of reinsurance

23,881 

23,881 


21,603 

21,603 


36,506 

36,506 

Acquisition costs and other expenditure

(2,520)

(72)

(2,592)


(2,615)

(50)

(2,665)


(5,005)

(115)

(5,120)

Total other charges, net of reinsurance

(19,990)

(19,990)


(17,730)

(17,730)


(29,575)

(29,575)

Profit before tax (being tax attributable to shareholders' and policyholders' returns)

1,371 

(72)

1,299 


1,258 

(50)

1,208 


1,926 

(115)

1,811 

(Less) Add tax (charge) credit attributable to policyholders' returns

(40)

(40)


(94)

(94)


17 

17 

Profit before tax attributable to shareholders

1,331 

(72)

1,259 


1,164 

(50)

1,114 


1,943 

(115)

1,828 

Total tax charge attributable to policyholders and shareholders

(371)

24 

(347)


(395)

18 

(377)


(432)

40 

(392)

Adjustment to remove tax charge (credit) attributable to policyholders' returns

40 

40 


94 

94 


(17)

(17)

Tax charge attributable to shareholders' returns

(331)

24 

(307)


(301)

18 

(283)


(449)

40 

(409)

Profit for the period

1,000 

(48)

952 


863 

(32)

831 


1,494 

(75)

1,419 

  












Profit for the period attributable to equity holders of the Company

1,000 

(48)

952 


861 

(32)

829 


1,490 

(75)

1,415 

 












Earnings per share (in pence)












Based on profit attributable to the equity holders of the Company:












Basic

39.4p

(1.9)p

37.5p


34.0p

(1.3)p

32.7p


58.8p

(3.0)p

55.8p

Diluted

39.4p

(1.9)p

37.5p


33.9p

(1.3)p

32.6p


58.7p

(3.0)p

55.7p

 

Condensed Consolidated Statement of Comprehensive Income and Statement of Changes in Equity

 



Half year 2012


Half year 2011


Full year 2011



Under 

 previous 

 basis 

Effect of 

change 

Under 

 new 

 policy 


As 

 reported 

 under 

 previous 

 basis 

Effect of 

change 

Under 

 new 

 policy 


As 

 reported 

 under 

 previous 

 basis 

Effect of 

change

Under 

 new 

 policy 



£m 

£m 

£m 


£m 

£m 

£m 


£m 

£m 

£m 













Profit for the period

1,000 

(48)

952 


863  

(32) 

831  


1,494  

(75) 

1,419 

Exchange movements on foreign operations and net investment hedges, net of related tax

(56)

(54)


(75) 

13  

(62)  


(100)  

(5) 

(105)

Unrealised valuation movements on securities of US insurance operations classified as available-for-sale

482 

482 


237  

-  

237  


811  

811 

Related change in amortisation of deferred income and acquisition costs

(211)

30 

(181)


(97) 

26  

(71)  


(331)  

56  

(275)

Related tax

(94)

(11)

(105)


(49) 

(8) 

(57)  


(168)  

(19) 

(187)


Total 

177 

19 

196 


91  

18  

109  


312  

37  

349 

Total comprehensive income for the period

1,121 

(27)

1,094 


879  

(1) 

878  


1,706  

(43) 

1,663 













Total comprehensive income for the period attributable to equity holders of the Company

1,121 

(27)

1,094 


877  

(1) 

876  


1,702  

(43) 

1,659 














Net increase in shareholders' equity

755 

(27)

728 


470  

(1) 

469  


1,086  

(43) 

1,043 

At beginning of period

9,117 

(553)

8,564 


8,031  

(510) 

7,521  


8,031  

(510) 

7,521 

At end of period

9,872 

(580)

9,292 


8,501  

(511) 

7,990  


9,117   

(553) 

8,564 

 

Condensed Consolidated Statement of Financial Position

 



30 Jun 2012


30 Jun 2011


31 Dec 2011



Under 

previous  

 basis 

Effect 

 of 

change 

Under  

new 

 policy 


As reported 

 under previous 

 basis 

Effect 

 of 

change 

Under 

 new 

 policy 


As 

 reported 

 under previous 

 basis 

Effect 

 of 

change 

Under 

 new 

 policy 



£m 

£m 

£m 


£m 

£m 

£m 


£m 

£m 

£m 

Assets












Intangible assets attributable to shareholders:

Deferred acquisition costs and other intangible assets

5,207 

(874)

4,333 


4,829 

(769)

4,060 


5,069 

(835)

4,234 

Total other assets

278,292 

278,292 


264,637 

264,637 


268,511 

268,511 

Total assets

283,499 

(874)

282,625 


269,466 

(769)

268,697 


273,580 

(835)

272,745 













Liabilities












Deferred tax liabilities

4,207 

(294)

3,913 


4,194 

(258)

3,936 


4,211 

(282)

3,929 

Total other liabilities

269,386 

269,386 


256,725 

256,725 


260,209 

260,209 

Total liabilities

273,593 

(294)

273,299 


260,919 

(258)

260,661 


264,420 

(282)

264,138 














Equity












Shareholders' equity

9,872 

(580)

9,292 


8,501 

(511)

7,990 


9,117 

(553)

8,564 

Non-controlling interests

34 

34 


46 

46 


43 

43 

Total equity

9,906 

(580)

9,326 


8,547 

(511)

8,036 


9,160 

(553)

8,607 

 

(b)   The effect of the change in accounting policy for deferred acquisition costs on the Group's supplementary analysis of profit is shown in the table below.

 

Segment disclosure - income statement

 


  

Half year 2012


Half year 2011


Full year 2011


  

Under 

 previous 

 basis 

Effect of 

change 

Under 

 new 

 policy 


As reported under previous basis

Effect of 

change 

Under 

 new 

 policy 


As reported under previous basis

Effect of 

change 

Under 

 new 

 policy 


  

£m 

£m 

£m 


£m 

£m 

£m 


£m 

£m 

£m 

Operating profit based on longer-term investment returns













Asia insurance operationsnote (i)

411 

(5)

406 


324 

(2)

322 


704 

704 


US insurance operationsnote (ii)

491 

(49)

442 


368 

(28)

340 


694 

(43)

651 


Other operations

314 

314 


366 

366 


672 

672 

Total  

1,216 

(54)

1,162 


1,058 

(30)

1,028 


2,070 

(43)

2,027 

Short-term fluctuations in investment returns on shareholder-backed business

(14)

(18)

(32)


113 

(20)

93 


(148)

(72)

(220)

Shareholders' share of actuarial and other gains and losses on defined benefit pension schemes

87 

87 


(7)

(7)


21 

21 

Gain on dilution of Group holdings

42 

42 



Profit before tax attributable to shareholders

1,331 

(72)

1,259 


1,164 

(50)

1,114 


1,943 

(115)

1,828 

Basic EPS based on operating profit based on longer-term investment returns after tax and non-controlling interests

36.0p

(1.5)p

34.5p


32.2p

(0.8)p

31.4p


63.9p

(1.1)p

62.8p

Basic EPS based on total profit after tax and non-controlling interests

39.4p

(1.9)p

37.5p


34.0p

(1.3)p

32.7p


58.8p

(3.0)p

55.8p


  












 

Notes on the effect of the change in the accounting policy on operating profit based on longer-term investment returns

 

(i)    Asia insurance operations

 



Half Year 2012


Half Year 2011


Full Year 2011



Effect of 

change 


Effect of 

change 


Effect of 

change 



£m


£m


£m

New Business







Acquisition costs on new contracts not able to be deferred

(5)


(10)


(16)

Business in force at beginning of period







Reduction in amortisation on reduced DAC balance



16 

Total

(5)


(2)









 

(ii)   US insurance operations

 



Half Year 2012


Half Year 2011


Full Year 2011



Effect of 

change 


Effect of 

change 


Effect of 

change 



£m


£m


£m

New Business







Acquisition costs on new contracts not able to be deferred

(82)


(80)


(156)

Business in force at beginning of period







Reduction in amortisation on reduced DAC balance

33 


52 


113 


Total

(49)


(28)


(43)

 

C    Segment disclosure - income statement

 


  

Half year

2012

Half year

2011*

Full year

2011*


  

 £m

£m

 £m

Asia operations  


 

 

Insurance operations note E(i)

409 

324 

709 

Development expenses

(3)

(2)

(5)

Total Asia insurance operations after development expenses

406 

322 

704 

Eastspring Investments

34 

43 

80 

Total Asia operations

440 

365 

784 


  


 

 

US operations


 

 

Jackson (US insurance operations) E(ii)

442 

340 

651 

Broker-dealer and asset management  

17 

17 

24 

Total US operations

459 

357 

675 


  


 

 

UK operations


 

 

UK insurance operations:


 

 


Long-term business note E(iii)

336 

332 

683 


General insurance commission note (i)

17 

21 

40 

Total UK insurance operations

353 

353 

723 

M&G

199 

199 

357 

Total UK operations

552 

552 

1,080 

Total segment profit

1,451 

1,274 

2,539 


  


 

 

Other income and expenditure  


 

 

Investment return and other income

22 

Interest payable on core structural borrowings  

(140)

(140)

(286)

Corporate expenditurenote H

(120)

(118)

(219)

Total  

(255)

(253)

(483)

RPI to CPI inflation measure change on defined benefit pension schemesnote (ii)

42 

42 

Solvency II implementation costs

(27)

(27)

(55)

Restructuring costs note (iii)

(7)

(8)

(16)

Operating profit based on longer-term investment returns  

1,162 

1,028 

2,027 

Short-term fluctuations in investment returns on shareholder-backed business note F

(32)

93 

(220)

Shareholders' share of actuarial and other gains and losses on defined benefit pension schemes note (iv)

87 

(7)

21 

Gain on dilution of Group holdingsnote G

42 

Profit before tax attributable to shareholders  

1,259 

1,114 

1,828 


  


 

 


  

Half year

2012

Half year

2011*

Full year

2011*

Basic EPS based on operating profit based on longer-term investment returns after tax and non-controlling interestsnote L

34.5p

31.4p

62.8p

Basic EPS based on total profit after tax and non-controlling interestsnote L

37.5p

32.7p

55.8p

* The 2011 comparative results have been adjusted from those previously published for the retrospective application of the improvement in accounting policy described in note B.

 

Notes

(i)      UK operations transferred its general insurance business to Churchill Insurance in 2002. General insurance commission represents the net commission receivable net of expenses for Prudential-branded general insurance products as part of this arrangement.

(ii)     During the first half of 2011 the Group altered its inflation measure basis for future statutory increases to pension payments for certain tranches of its UK defined benefit pension schemes. This reflected the UK Government's decision to replace the basis of indexation from Retail Price Index (RPI) with Consumer Price Index (CPI). This resulted in a credit to the operating profit before tax in half year and full year 2011 of £42 million.

(iii)    Restructuring costs are incurred in the UK and represent one-off expenses incurred in securing expense savings. 

(iv)    For the 2011 comparatives, the shareholders' share of actuarial and other gains and losses on defined benefit pension schemes comprises the aggregate effect of actual less expected returns on scheme assets, experience gains and losses, the effect of changes in assumptions and altered provisions for deficit funding, where relevant. For half year 2012, these items also apply. However, the shareholders' share of actuarial and other gains and losses on defined benefit pension schemes also includes £51 million for the effect of partial recognition of surplus of the main Prudential Staff Pension Scheme (PSPS). This credit arises from altered funding arrangement following the 5 April 2011 triennial valuation. Additional details are provided in Note X.

 

Determining operating segments and performance measure of operating segments

 

The Group's operating segments determined in accordance with IFRS 8, 'Operating Segments', are as follows:

Insurance operations

-    Asia

-    US (Jackson)

-    UK

 

Asset management operations 

-    M&G (including Prudential Capital)

-    Eastspring Investments

-    US broker-dealer and asset management (including Curian)

 

The Group's operating segments are also its reportable segments with the exception of Prudential Capital which has been incorporated into the M&G operating segment for the purposes of segment reporting.

 

The performance measure of operating segments utilised by the Company is IFRS operating profit attributable to shareholders based on longer-term investment returns. This measure excludes the recurrent items of short-term fluctuations in investment returns and the shareholders' share of actuarial and other gains and losses on defined benefit pension schemes. In addition for half year 2012, this measure excluded a gain arising upon the dilution of the Group's holding in PPM South Africa. Operating earnings per share is calculated on operating profit based on longer-term investment returns, after tax and non-controlling interests.

 

Segment results that are reported to the Group Executive Committee include items directly attributable to a segment as well as those that can be allocated on a reasonable basis. Unallocated items are mainly in relation to the Group Head Office and the Asia Regional Head Office.

 

Except in the case of the assets backing the UK annuity business, unit-linked and US variable annuity separate account liabilities, operating profit based on longer-term investment returns for shareholder-financed business is determined on the basis of expected longer-term investment returns. In the case of assets backing the UK annuity business, unit-linked and US variable annuity separate account liabilities, the basis of determining operating profit based on longer-term investment returns is as follows:

 

•        Assets backing UK annuity business liabilities. For UK annuity business, policyholder liabilities are determined by reference to current interest rates. The value movements of the assets covering liabilities are closely correlated with the related change in liabilities. Accordingly, asset value movements are recorded within the 'operating results based on longer-term investment returns'. Policyholder liabilities include a margin for credit risk. Variations between actual and best estimate expected impairments are recorded as a component of short-term fluctuations in investment returns.

 

•        Assets backing unit-linked and US variable annuity business separate account liabilities. For such business, the policyholder unit liabilities are directly reflective of the asset value movements. Accordingly, the operating results based on longer-term investment returns reflect the current period value movements in unit liabilities and the backing assets.

 

In the case of other shareholder-financed business, the measurement of operating profit based on longer-term investment returns reflects the particular features of long-term insurance business where assets and liabilities are held for the long-term and for which the accounting basis for insurance liabilities under current IFRS is not generally conducive to demonstrating trends in underlying performance of life businesses exclusive of the effects of short-term fluctuations in market conditions. In determining the profit on this basis, the following key elements are applied to the results of the Group's shareholder-financed operations.

 

(a)    Debt and equity-type securities

Longer-term investment returns for both debt and equity-type securities comprise longer-term actual income receivable for the period (interest/dividend income) and longer-term capital returns.

 

In principle, for debt securities, the longer-term capital returns comprise two elements. The first element is a risk margin reserve (RMR) based charge for the expected level of defaults for the period, which is determined by reference to the credit quality of the portfolio. The difference between impairment losses in the reporting period and the RMR charge to the operating result is reflected in short-term fluctuations in investment returns. The second element is for the amortisation of interest-related realised gains and losses to operating results based on longer-term investment returns to the date when sold bonds would have otherwise matured.

 

The shareholder-backed operation for which the distinction between impairment losses and interest-related realised gains and losses is in practice relevant to a significant extent is Jackson. Jackson has used the ratings by Nationally Recognised Statistical Ratings Organisations (NRSRO) or ratings resulting from the regulatory ratings detail issued by the National Association of Insurance Commissioners (NAIC) developed by external third parties such as PIMCO or Black Rock Solutions to determine the average annual RMR. Further details of the RMR charge, as well as the amortisation of interest-related realised gains and losses, for Jackson are shown in note F(iii).

 

For debt securities backing non-linked shareholder-financed business of the UK insurance operations (other than the annuity business) and of the Asia insurance operations, the realised gains and losses are principally interest related. Accordingly, all realised gains and losses to date for these operations are being amortised over the period to the date those securities would otherwise have matured, with no explicit RMR charge.

 

At 30 June 2012 the level of unamortised interest-related realised gains and losses related to previously sold bonds for the Group was a net gain of £443 million (30 June 2011: £390 million; 31 December 2011: £462 million).

 

For equity-type securities, the longer-term rates of return are estimates of the long-term trend investment return for income and capital having regard to past performance, current trends and future expectations. Equity-type securities held for shareholder-financed operations other than the UK annuity business, unit-linked and US variable annuity are of significance for the US and Asia insurance operations. Different rates apply to different categories of equity-type securities.

 

As at 30 June 2012, the equity-type securities for US insurance non-separate account operations amounted to £1,017 million (30 June 2011: £862 million; 31 December 2011: £902 million). For these operations, the longer term rates of return for income and capital applied in half year 2012 are as follows:

 



Half year

2012

Half year

2011

Full year

2011

Equity-type securities such as common and preferred stock and portfolio holdings in mutual funds

5.6% to 6.2%

7.1% to 7.5%

5.9% to 7.5%

Other equity-type securities such as investments in limited partnerships and private equity funds

7.6% to 8.2%

9.1% to 9.5%

7.9% to 9.5%





 

For Asia insurance operations, investments in equity securities held for non-linked shareholder-financed operations amounted to £741 million as at 30 June 2012 (30 June 2011: £449 million; 31 December 2011: £590 million). Of this balance, £106 million (30 June 2011: £122 million; 31 December 2011: £88 million) related to the Group's 7.74 per cent (30 June 2011: 8.66 per cent; 31 December 2011: 7.37 per cent) stake in China Life Insurance Company of Taiwan. This £106 million (30 June 2011: £122 million; 31 December 2011: £88 million) investment is in the nature of a trade investment for which the determination of longer-term investment returns is on the basis as described in note (e) below. For the investments representing the other equity securities which had year end balances of £635 million (30 June 2011: £327 million; 31 December 2011: £502 million), the rates of return applied in half year 2012 and 2011 ranged from 1.0 per cent to 13.8 per cent with the rates applied varying by territory.

 

The longer-term rates of return discussed above for equity-type securities are determined after consideration by the Group's in-house economists of long-term expected real government bond returns, equity risk premium and long-term inflation. These rates are broadly stable from period to period but may be different between countries, reflecting, for example, differing expectations of inflation in each territory. The assumptions are for returns expected to apply in equilibrium conditions. The assumed rates of return do not reflect any cyclical variability in economic performance and are not set by reference to prevailing asset valuations.

 

(b)    US variable and fixed index annuity business

 

The following value movements for Jackson's variable and fixed index annuity business are excluded from operating profit based on longer-term investment returns:

 

•  Fair value movements for equity-based derivatives;

•  Fair value movements for embedded derivatives for Guaranteed Minimum Withdrawal Benefit (GMWB) 'not for life' and fixed index annuity business, and Guaranteed Minimum Income Benefit (GMIB) reinsurance (see note);

•  Movements in accounts carrying value of Guaranteed Minimum Death Benefit (GMDB) and GMWB 'for life' liabilities, for which, under the 'grandfathered' US GAAP applied under IFRS for Jackson's insurance assets and liabilities, the measurement basis gives rise to a muted impact of current period market movements;

•  Fee assessments and claim payments, in respect of guarantee liabilities; and

•  Related changes to amortisation of deferred acquisition costs for each of the above items.

 

Note:      US operations - Embedded derivatives for variable annuity guarantee features

The GMIB liability, which is fully reinsured, subject to a deductible and annual claim limits, is accounted for in accordance with FASB ASC Subtopic 944-80 Financial Services - Insurance - Separate Accounts (formerly SOP 03-1) under IFRS using 'grandfathered' US GAAP. As the corresponding reinsurance asset is net settled, it is considered to be a derivative under IAS 39, 'Financial Instruments: Recognition and Measurement', and the asset is therefore recognised at fair value. As the GMIB benefit is economically reinsured the mark to market element of the reinsurance asset is included as a component of short-term fluctuations in investment returns.

 

(c)    Other derivative value movements

Generally, derivative value movements are excluded from operating results based on longer-term investment returns (unless those derivative value movements broadly offset changes in the accounting value of other assets and liabilities included in operating profit). The principal example of non-equity based derivatives (for example interest rate swaps and swaptions) whose value movements are excluded from operating profit arises in Jackson. Non-equity based derivatives are primarily held by Jackson as part of a broadly-based hedging programme for features of Jackson's bond portfolio (for which value movements are booked in the statement of comprehensive income rather than the income statement), product liabilities (for which US GAAP accounting as 'grandfathered' under IFRS 4 does not fully reflect the economic features being hedged), and the interest rate exposure attaching to equity-based embedded derivatives.

 

(d)    Other liabilities to policyholders and embedded derivatives for product guarantees

Under IFRS, the degree to which the carrying values of liabilities to policyholders are sensitive to current market conditions varies between territories depending upon the nature of the 'grandfathered' measurement basis. In general, in those instances where the liabilities are particularly sensitive to routine changes in market conditions, the accounting basis is such that the impact of market movements on the assets and liabilities is broadly equivalent in the income statement, and operating profit based on longer-term investments returns is not distorted. In these circumstances, there is no need for the movement in the liability to be bifurcated between the elements that relate to longer-term market conditions and short-term effects.

 

However, some types of business movements in liabilities do require bifurcation to ensure that at the net level (i.e. after allocated investment return and change for policyholder benefits) the operating result reflects longer-term market returns.

 

Examples where such bifurcation is necessary are:

 

(i)      Asia

·     Vietnam participating business

For the participating business in Vietnam the liabilities include policyholders' interest in investment appreciation and other surplus.  Bonuses paid in a reporting period and accrued policyholders' interest in investment appreciation and other surpluses primarily reflect the level of realised investment gains above contract specific hurdle levels. For this business, operating profit based on longer-term investment returns includes the aggregate of longer-term returns on the relevant investments, a credit or charge equal to movements on the liability for the policyholders' interest in realised investment gains (net of any recovery of prior deficits on the participating pool), less amortisation over five years of current and prior movements on such credits or charges.

 

The overall purpose of these adjustments is to ensure that investment returns included in operating results equal longer-term returns but that in any one reporting period movements on liabilities to policyholders caused by investment returns are substantially matched in the presentation of the supplementary analysis of profit before tax attributable to policyholders.

 

·     Non-participating business

Bifurcation for the effect of determining the movement in the carrying value of liabilities to be included in operating results based on longer-term investment returns, and the residual element for the effect of using year end rates is included in short-term fluctuations and in the income statement.

 

·     Guaranteed Minimum Death Benefit (GMDB) product features

For unhedged GMDB liabilities accounted for under IFRS using 'grandfathered' US GAAP, such as in the Japanese business, the change in carrying value is determined under FASB ASC subtopic 944-80, Financial Services - Insurance - Separate Accounts (formerly SOP 03-1), which partially reflects changes in market conditions. Under the company's segmental basis of reporting the operating profit reflects the change in liability based on longer-term market conditions with the difference between the charge to the operating result and the movement reflected in the total result included in short-term fluctuations in investment returns.

 

(ii)     UK shareholder-backed annuity business

The operating result based on longer-term investment returns reflects the impact of value movements on policyholder liabilities for annuity business in PRIL and the PAC non-profit sub-fund after adjustments to allocate the following elements of the movement to the category of 'short-term fluctuations in investment returns' in the Group's supplementary analysis of profit:

(i)   The impact on credit risk provisioning of actual upgrades and downgrades during the period; and

(ii)  Credit experience compared to assumptions.

 

Credit experience reflects the impact of defaults and other similar experience, such as asset exchanges arising from debt restructuring by issuers that include effectively an element of permanent impairment of the security held. Negative experience compared to assumptions is included within short-term fluctuations in investment returns without further adjustment. This is to be contrasted with positive experience where surpluses are retained in short-term allowances for credit risk for IFRS reporting purposes.

 

The effects of other changes to credit risk provisioning are included in the operating result, as is the net effect of changes to the valuation rate of interest due to portfolio rebalancing to align more closely with management benchmark.

 

(e)    Fund management and other non-insurance businesses

For these businesses, the particular features applicable for life assurance noted above do not apply. For these businesses it is inappropriate to include returns in the operating result on the basis described above.  Instead, it is appropriate to generally include realised gains and losses (including impairments) in the operating result with unrealised gains and losses being included in short-term fluctuations. For this purpose impairments are calculated as the credit loss determined by comparing the projected cash flows discounted at the original effective interest rate to the carrying value. In some instances it may also be appropriate to amortise realised gains and losses on derivatives and other financial instruments to operating results over a time period that reflects the underlying economic substance of the arrangements.

 

Additional segmental analysis of revenue

The additional segmental analyses of revenue from external customers excluding investment return and net of outward reinsurance premiums are as follows:

 


Half year 2012


Asia 

US 

UK 

Intra-group 

Total 


£m 

£m 

£m 

£m 

£m 

Revenue from external customers:






Insurance operations

3,871 

7,063 

3,374 

14,308 

Asset management

136 

357 

462 

(154)

801 

Unallocated corporate

10 

10 

Intra-group revenue eliminated on consolidation

(42)

(36)

(76)

154 

Total revenue from external customers

3,965 

7,384 

3,770 

15,119 

 


Half year 2011


Asia 

US 

UK 

Intra-group 

Total 


£m 

£m 

£m 

£m 

£m 

Revenue from external customers:






Insurance operations

3,568 

6,664 

2,872 

(10)

13,094 

Asset management

129 

332 

448 

(152)

757 

Unallocated corporate

Intra-group revenue eliminated on consolidation

(41)

(35)

(86)

162 

Total revenue from external customers

3,656 

6,961 

3,236 

13,853 

 


Full year 2011


Asia 

US 

UK 

Intra-group 

Total 


£m 

£m 

£m 

£m 

£m 

Revenue from external customers:






Insurance operations

7,307 

12,516 

5,740 

25,563 

Asset management

290 

653 

923 

(323)

1,543 

Unallocated corporate

40 

40 

Intra-group revenue eliminated on consolidation

(93)

(68)

(162)

323 

Total revenue from external customers

7,504 

13,101 

6,541 

27,146 

 

Revenue from external customers is made up of the following:

 


Half year 

Half year 

Half year 


2012

£m 

2011 

 £m 

2011 

 £m 

Earned premiums, net of reinsurance

14,111 

12,930 

25,277 

Fee income from investment contract business and asset management (presented as 'Other income')

1,008 

923 

1,869 

Total revenue from external customers

15,119 

13,853 

27,146 

 

In their capacity as fund managers to fellow Prudential Group subsidiaries, M&G, Eastspring Investments and the US asset management businesses generate fees for investment management and related services. These services are charged at appropriate arm's length prices, typically priced as a percentage of funds under management. Intra-group fees included within asset management revenue were earned by the following asset management segment:

 



Half year

2012

£m

Half year

2011

£m

Full year

2011

£m






Intra-group revenue generated by:





M&G

76 

76 

162 


Asia

42 

41 

93 


US broker-dealer and asset management (including Curian)

36 

35 

68 

Total intra-group fees included within asset management segment

154 

152 

323 

 

At half year 2011 a further £10 million of intra-group revenue was recorded between UK insurance operations.

 

Revenue from external customers of Asia, US and UK insurance operations shown above are net of outwards reinsurance premiums of £85 million, £38 million, and £67 million respectively (half year 2011: £79 million, £37 million and £62 million respectively; full year 2011: £226 million, £72 million and £131 million respectively).

 

D    Profit before tax - Asset management operations

 

The profit included in the income statement in respect of asset management operations is as follows:


   

M&G

US

Eastspring

Investments

note (iv) 

Half year

2012

Half year

2011

Full year

2011


   

£m 

£m 

£m 

£m 

£m 

£m 

Revenue (excluding revenue of consolidated investment funds and NPH broker-dealer fees)  

607 

142 

138 

887 

802 

1,583 

Revenue of consolidated investment fundsnote (i)

(24)

(24)

18 

NPH broker-dealer feesnote (i)

 215 

 215 

207 

405 

Gross revenue *

583 

357 

138 

1,078 

1,027 

1,997 

Charges (excluding charges of consolidated investment funds and NPH broker-dealer fees)  

(298)

(125)

(104)

(527)

(534)

(1,147)

Charges of consolidated investment fundsnote (i)

24 

24 

(18)

(9)

NPH broker-dealer feesnote (i)

(215)

(215)

(207)

(405)

Gross charges  

(274)

(340)

(104)

(718)

(759)

(1,561)

Profit before tax  

309 

17 

34 

360 

268 

436 

Comprising:  



 




Operating profit based on longer-term investment returnsnote (ii)

199 

17 

34 

250 

259 

461 

Short-term fluctuations in investment returns note (iii)

41 

41 

13 

(29)

Shareholder's share of actuarial gains and losses on defined benefit pension schemes  

27 

27 

(4)

Gain on dilution of Group holdingsnote G

42 

42 



Profit before tax  

309 

17 

34 

360 

268 

436 

* For half year 2012 gross revenue includes the Group's share of results from the associate PPM South Africa. In prior years, PPM South Africa was treated as a subsidiary and accounted for accordingly.

 

Notes

(i)      Under IFRS, disclosure details of segment revenue are required. The segment revenue of the Group's asset management operations are required to include two items that are for amounts which, reflecting their commercial nature, are also wholly reflected as charges within the income statement. After allowing for these charges, there is no effect on profit from these two items which are:

(a)  Investment funds managed on behalf of third parties and are consolidated under IFRS in recognition of the control arrangements for the funds. The gains and losses of these funds are non-recourse to M&G and the Group; and

(b)  NPH broker-dealer fees which represent commissions received, which are then paid on to the writing brokers on sales of investment products.

 

The presentation in the table above shows the amounts attributable to these two items so that the underlying revenue and charges can be seen.

 

(ii)     M&G operating profit based on longer-term investment returns:

 







Half year 

Half year 

 **

Full year 

 **







2012

£m 

2011 

£m 

 

2011 

£m 

 


Asset management fee income




351 

329  

 

662  

 


Other income




1  

 

4  

 


Staff costs




(120)

(125) 

 

(270) 

 


Other costs




(66)

(58) 

 

(134) 

 


Underlying profit before performance-related fees




168 

147  

 

262  

 


Share of associate results




13  

 

26  

 


Performance-related fees




12  

 

13  

 


Operating profit from asset management operations




175 

172  

 

301  

 


Operating profit from Prudential Capital




24 

27  

 

56 

 


Total M&G operating profit based on longer-term investment returns




199 

199  

 

357  

 

**   Following the divestment in the first half of 2012 of M&G's holding in PPM South Africa from 75 per cent to 47 per cent and its treatment from 2012 as an associate, M&G's operating income and expense no longer include any element from PPM South Africa, with the share of associate's results being presented in a separate line. The table above reflects the retrospective application of this basis of presentation for half year 2011 and full year 2011 results. Total profit remains the same.

 

The difference between the fees and other income shown above in respect of asset management operations, and the revenue figure for M&G shown (excluding consolidated investment funds) in the main table primarily relates to total revenue of Prudential Capital (including short-term fluctuations) of £99 million (half year 2011: £71 million; full year 2011: £96 million) and commissions which have been netted off in arriving at the fee income of £351 million (half year 2011: £329 million; full year 2011: £662 million) in the table above. The difference in the presentation of commission is aligned with how management reviews the business.

(iii)   Short-term fluctuations in investment returns for M&G are primarily in respect of unrealised value movements on Prudential Capital's bond portfolio.

(iv)    Included within Eastspring Investments revenue and charges are £41 million of commissions (half year 2011: £30 million; full year 2011: £44 million).

 

E     Key assumptions, estimates and bases used to measure insurance assets and liabilities

 

i         Asia insurance operations

In half year 2012, IFRS operating profit based on longer-term investment returns for Asia insurance operations included a net £17 million credit arising from a small number of items that are not anticipated to reoccur in future periods (half year 2011: £25 million; full year 2011: £38 million).

 

ii       US insurance operations

Amortisation of deferred acquisition costs

Under the Group's basis of applying IFRS 4, the insurance assets and liabilities of Jackson's traditional life business are accounted for under US GAAP. In line with industry practice, Jackson applies the mean reversion technique method for amortisation of deferred acquisition costs which dampens the effects of short-term market movements on expected gross profits against which deferred acquisition costs are amortised. To the extent that the mean reversion methodology does not fully dampen the effects of market returns there is a charge or credit for accelerated or decelerated amortisation. For half year 2012, reflecting the positive market returns in the period, there was a credit for decelerated amortisation of £25 million (half year 2011: charge for accelerated amortisation £66 million; full year 2011: charge for accelerated amortisation of £190 million, as explained in note Q).

 

iii     UK insurance operations

Annuity business: allowance for credit risk

For IFRS reporting, the results for UK shareholder-backed annuity business are particularly sensitive to the allowances made for credit risk. The allowance is reflected in the deduction from the valuation rate of interest for discounting projected future annuity payments to policyholders that would have otherwise applied. Since mid-2007 there has been a significant increase in the actual and perceived credit risk associated with corporate bonds as reflected in the significant widening that has occurred in corporate bond spreads. Although bond spreads over swap rates have narrowed from their peak in March 2009, they are still high compared with the levels seen in the years immediately preceding the start of the dislocated markets in 2007. The allowance that should therefore be made for credit risk remains a particular area of judgement.

 

The additional yield received on corporate bonds relative to swaps can be broken into the following constituent parts:

(a)  the expected level of future defaults;

(b) the credit risk premium that is required to compensate for the potential volatility in default levels;

(c)  the liquidity premium that is required to compensate for the lower liquidity of corporate bonds relative to swaps; and

(d) the mark to market risk premium that is required to compensate for the potential volatility in corporate bond spreads (and hence market values) at the time of sale.

The sum of (c) and (d) is often referred to as 'liquidity premium'.

 

The allowance for credit risk comprises (i) an amount for long-term best estimate defaults and (ii) additional provisions for credit risk premium, downgrade resilience, and short-term defaults.

 

The weighted components of the bond spread over swap rates for shareholder-backed fixed and linked annuity business for PRIL at 30 June 2012, 30 June 2011 and 31 December 2011, based on the asset mix at the relevant balance sheet date are shown below.

 

30 June 2012

Pillar 1 

 regulatory 
basis 

 (bps)

Adjustment 

from 
regulatory to 
IFRS basis 

 (bps)

IFRS 

 (bps)

Bond spread over swap rates note (i)

191 

191 

Credit risk allowance





Long-term expected defaults note (ii)

16 

16 


Additional provisionsnote (iii)

50 

(23)

27 

Total credit risk allowance

66 

(23)

43 

Liquidity premium

125 

23 

148 

 

30 June 2011

Pillar 1 

 regulatory 
 basis 

 (bps)

Adjustment 

from 
regulatory to
  IFRS basis 

 (bps)

IFRS 

 (bps)

Bond spread over swap rates note (i)

151 

151 

Credit risk allowance





Long-term expected defaults note (ii)

16 

16 


Additional provisionsnote (iii)

51 

(25)

26 

Total credit risk allowance

67 

(25)

42 

Liquidity premium

84 

25 

109 

 

31 December 2011

Pillar 1 

 regulatory 

 basis 

(bps)

Adjustment

 from

 regulatory to 

 IFRS basis 

 (bps)

IFRS 

 (bps)

Bond spread over swap rates note (i)

201 

201 

Credit risk allowance





Long-term expected defaults note (ii)

15 

15 


Additional provisions note (iii)

51 

(24)

27 

Total credit risk allowance

66 

(24)

42 

Liquidity premium

135 

24 

159 

 

Notes

(i)      Bond spread over swap rates reflect market observed data.

(ii)     Long-term expected defaults are derived by applying Moody's data from 1970 to 2009 and the definition of the credit rating used is the second highest credit rating published by Moody's, Standard and Poor's and Fitch. 

(iii)    Additional provisions comprise credit risk premium, which is derived from Moody's data from 1970 to 2009, an allowance for a 1 notch downgrade of the portfolio subject to credit risk, and an additional allowance for short-term defaults.

 

The prudent Pillar 1 regulatory basis reflects the overriding objective of ensuring sufficient provisions and capital to ensure payments to policyholders can be made. The approach for IFRS aims to establish liabilities that are closer to 'best estimate'.

 

Movement in the credit risk allowance for PRIL in the six months ended 30 June 2012

 

The movement in the first half of 2012 of the average basis points allowance for PRIL on IFRS basis is as follows:

 





Pillar 1

 Regulatory

 basis

IFRS


(bps)

Total 

(bps)

Total 




Total allowance for credit risk at 31 December 2011

66 

42 

Credit rating changes

Asset trading

Asset mix (effect of market value movements)

New business and other

(2)

Total allowance for credit risk at 30 June 2012

66 

43 

 

For half year 2011 and other prior periods, favourable credit experience was retained in short-term allowances for credit risk on both the Pillar 1 and IFRS bases. From full year 2011 onwards the methodology applied is to continue to retain such surplus experience in the IFRS credit provisions but not for Pillar 1.

 

Overall the movement has led to the credit allowance for Pillar 1 purposes to be 35 per cent (30 June 2011: 45 per cent; 31 December 2011: 33 per cent) of the bond spread over swap rates. For IFRS purposes it represents 22 per cent (30 June 2011: 28 per cent; 31 December 2011: 20 per cent) of the bond spread over swap rates.

 

The reserves for credit risk allowance at 30 June 2012 for the UK shareholder annuity fund were as follows:

 


Pillar 1

 Regulatory

 basis

IFRS


Total

£bn

Total

£bn




PRIL

1.9 

1.2 

PAC non-profit sub-fund

0.2 

0.1 

Total - 30 June 2012

2.1 

1.3 

 

Total - 31 December 2011

2.0 

1.3 

Total - 30 June 2011

1.8 

1.1 




 

F     Short-term fluctuations in investment returns on shareholder-backed business

 


  

Half year

Half year*

Full year*


  

2012

 £m

2011

 £m

2011

 £m

Insurance operations:


 

 


Asia note (ii)

42 

14 

(92)


US note (iii)

(125)

(167)


UK notes (iv)

44 

159 

Other operations:


 

 


Economic hedge value movementnote (v)

(15)


Othernote (vi)

61 

28 

(120)

Totalnote (i)

(32)

93 

(220)

 

Notes

(i)      General overview of defaults

The Group did not experience any defaults on its shareholder-backed debt securities portfolio in half year 2012 and 2011.

(ii)     Asia insurance operations

The fluctuations for Asia insurance operations of positive £42 million in half year 2012 (half year 2011: £14 million; full year 2011: negative £(92) million) include a £13 million unrealised gain (half year 2011: £26 million; full year 2011: unrealised loss £(14) million) on the Group's 7.74 per cent stake (30 June 2011: 8.66 per cent; 31 December 2011: 7.37 per cent) in China Life Insurance Company of Taiwan.

(iii)    US insurance operations

         The short-term fluctuations in investment returns for US insurance operations comprise the following items:

 


  

Half year

Half year*

Full year*


  

2012

 £m

2011

 £m

2011

 £m

Short-term fluctuations relating to debt securities:


 

  

Charges in the period


 

  


Defaults


Losses on sales of impaired and deteriorating bonds  

(16)

(2)

(32)


Bond write downs  

(25)

(14)

(62)


Recoveries/reversals

42 


Total charges in the periodnote (a)

(33)

(13)

(52)

Less: Risk margin charge included in operating profit based on longer-term investment returnsnote (b)

38 

35 

70 


  

22 

18 

Interest related realised gains (losses):


 

 


Arising in the period

29 

92 

158 


Less: Amortisation of gains and losses arising in current and prior years to operating profit based on longer-term investment returns

(44)

(43)

(84)


  

(15)

49 

74 

Related change to amortisation of deferred acquisition costs

(9)

(3)

Total short-term fluctuations related to debt securities

(8)

62 

89 

Derivatives (other than equity related): market value movement (net of related change to amortisation of deferred acquisition costs) note (c)

179 

29 

554 

Net equity hedge results (net of related change to amortisation of deferred acquisition costs) note (d)

(320)

(107)

(788)

Equity type investments: actual less longer-term return (net of related change to amortisation of deferred acquisition costs) note C

22 

28 

Other items (net of related change to amortisation of deferred acquisition costs)

(5)

(22)

Total

(125)

(167)

* The 2011 comparative results have been adjusted from those previously published for the retrospective application of the improvement in accounting policy described in note B.

 

The short-term fluctuations shown in the table above are stated net of the related change to amortisation of deferred acquisition costs of £80 million (half year 2011: £68 million; full year 2011: £287 million). See note Q.

 

Notes

(a)     The charges on the debt securities of Jackson comprise the following:

 



Defaults 

Bond 

 write 

 downs 

Losses on sale 

 of impaired 

 and deteriorating 

 bonds 

Recoveries/

 reversals 

Total 

Half year 

2012 

Total 

Half year 

2011 

Total 

Full year 

2011 



£m 

£m  

£m 

£m 

£m 

£m 

£m 

Residential mortgage-backed securities:









Prime (including agency)

-

(1)

(1)

(10)

(25)


Alt-A

-

-

(2)

(1)

(1)


Sub-prime

-

(3)

-

-

(3)

-

Total residential mortgage-backed securities

-

(4)

(3)

(1)

(11)

(26)

Corporate debt securities

-

-

(13)

(12)

(2)

(14)

Other

-

(21)

-

(20)

-

(12)

Total

-

(25)

(16)

(33)

(13)

(52)

 

(b)     The risk margin reserve (RMR) charge for longer-term credit-related losses included in operating profit based on longer-term investment returns for half year 2012 is based on an average annual RMR of 27 basis points (half year 2011: 25 basis points; full year 2011: 25 basis points) on average book values of US$ 44.2 billion (half year 2011: US$ 44.5 billion; full year 2011: US$ 44.4 billion) as shown below:

 





 





 







Half year 2012


Half year 2011


Full year 2011

Moody's rating category

 (or equivalent under

 NAIC ratings of MBS)

Average

 book

 value

US$m

RMR 

US$m 

Annual expected

 loss £m*


Average

 book

 value

US$m

RMR 

US$m 

Annual expected

 loss £m*


Average

 book

 value

US$m

RMR 

US$m 

Annual expected

 loss £m





 





 






A3 or higher

21,149 

0.11 

(23)

(15)


21,283 

0.08 

(16) 

(10) 


21,255 

0.08 

(17) 

(11) 

Baa1, 2 or 3

20,655 

0.26 

(54)

(34)


20,729 

0.27 

(55) 

(34) 


20,688 

0.26 

(54) 

(34) 

Ba1, 2 or 3

1,616 

1.11 

(18)

(11)


1,826 

1.02 

(19) 

(12) 


1,788 

1.04 

(19) 

(11) 

B1, 2 or 3

560 

2.97 

(17)

(11)


425 

3.01 

(13) 

(8) 


474 

3.01 

(14) 

(9) 

Below B3

174 

3.77 

(6)

(4)


221 

3.87 

(9) 

(6) 


211 

3.88 

(8) 

(5) 

Total

44,154 

0.27 

(118)

(75)


44,484 

0.25 

(112) 

(70)


44,416 

0.25 

(112) 

(70) 





 





  






Related change to amortisation of deferred acquisition costs (see below)

18 

11 




22 

14 




22 

14 

Risk margin reserve charge to operating profit for longer-term credit related losses

100 

(64)




(90)

(56) 




(90) 

(56) 

* Annual expected loss. Charge for the half year 2012: £(38) million (half year 2011: £(35) million).

 

Consistent with the basis of measurement of insurance assets and liabilities for Jackson's IFRS results, the charges and credits to operating profits based on longer-term investment returns are partially offset by related changes to amortisation of deferred acquisition costs.

 

 (c)    The gain of £179 million (half year 2011: gain of £29 million;full year 2011: gain of £554 million) is principally for the value movement of non-equity freestanding derivatives held to manage interest rate exposures, and for the GMIB reinsurance asset that is considered to be a derivative under IAS 39. 

        

         Under IAS 39, unless hedge accounting is applied value movements on derivatives are recognised in the income statement. For the derivatives programme attaching to the general account business, the Group has continued its approach of not seeking to apply hedge accounting under IAS 39. This decision reflects the inherent constraints of IAS 39 for hedge accounting investments and life assurance assets and liabilities under 'grandfathered' US GAAP under IFRS 4.

 

(d)     The amount of £(320) million (half year 2011: £(107) million; full year 2011: £(788) million) relates to the net equity hedge accounting effect of the equity-based derivatives and associated guarantee liabilities of Jackson's variable and fixed index annuity business. The details of the value movements excluded from operating profit based on longer-term investment returns are as described in note C. The principal movements are for (i) value for free standing and GMWB 'not for life' embedded derivatives, (ii) accounting values for GMDB and GMWB 'for life' guarantees (iii) fee assessments and claim payments in respect of guarantee liabilities and (iv) related changes to DAC amortisation. In half year 2012, the charge of £(320) million principally reflects fair value movements on free standing futures contracts and short-dated options. The movements included within the net equity hedge result included the effect of lower interest rates for which the movement was particularly significant in 2011. The value movements on derivatives held to manage this and any other interest rate exposure are included in the £179 million (half year 2011: £29 million; full year 2011: £554 million) described above in note (c).

 

In addition to the items discussed above, for US insurance operations, included within the statement of comprehensive income is an increase in net unrealised gains on debt securities classified as available-for-sale of £482 million (half year 2011: £237 million; full year 2011: £811 million). Temporary market value movements do not reflect defaults or impairments. Additional details on the movement in the value of the Jackson portfolio are included in note U.

 

(iv)    UK insurance operations

The short-term fluctuations gain for UK insurance operations of £5 million (half year 2011: £44 million;full year 2011: £159 million) reflects net investment gains arising in the period on fixed income assets backing the capital of the annuity business.

(v)     Economic hedge value movement

         This item represents the value movement in the half year 2012 on short-dated hedge contracts to provide downside protection against severe UK equity market falls.

(vi)    Other

         Short-term fluctuations of other operations, in addition to the previously discussed economic hedge value movement, were positive
£61 million (half year 2011: positive £28 million; full year 2011: negative £(120) million) representing unrealised value movements on investments, including centrally held swaps to manage foreign exchange and certain macro-economic exposures of the Group.

 

G    Changes to Group's holdings

 

PPM South Africa

 

On 22 February 2012, M&G completed transactions to (i) exchange bonus share rights for equity holdings with the employees of PPM South Africa and (ii) the sale of a 10 per cent holding in the majority of the business to Thesele Group, a minority shareholder, for cash. Following these transactions M&G's majority holding in the business reduced from 75 per cent to 47 per cent. Under IFRS requirements, the divestment is accounted for as the disposal of the 75 per cent holding and an acquisition of a 47 per cent holding at fair value resulting in a reclassification of PPM South Africa from a subsidiary to an associate. As a consequence of the IFRS application, the transactions give rise to a gain on dilution of £42 million. This amount is accounted for in the Group's half year 2012 supplementary analysis of profit as a gain on dilution of holdings which is excluded from the Group's IFRS operating profit based on longer-term investment returns.  The cash outflow arising from this change to the Group's holdings, as shown in the condensed consolidated statement of cash flows, was £23 million, representing cash and cash equivalents no longer consolidated net of the cash proceeds received.

 

H    Acquisition costs and other expenditure

 


Half year

Half year*

Full year*


2012 

 £m 

2011 

 £m 

2011 

 £m 

Acquisition costs incurred

1,192 

1,106 

2,264 

Acquisition costs deferred less amortisation of acquisition costs

(327)

(218)

(520)

Administration costs and other expenditure

1,746 

1,764 

3,524 

Movements in amounts attributable to external unit holders

(19)

13 

(148)

Total acquisition costs and other expenditure

2,592 

2,665 

5,120 

* The 2011 comparative results have been adjusted from those previously published for the retrospective application of the improvement in accounting policy described in note B.

 

The acquisition costs as shown on the table above relate to policy acquisition costs. Acquisition costs from business combinations are included within other expenditure.

 

Included within total acquisition costs and other expenditure is depreciation of £44 million (half year 2011; £45 million; full year 2011: £95 million).

 

The total amounts for acquisition costs and other expenditure shown above includes Corporate Expenditure shown in note C (Segment disclosure - income statement). The charge for Corporate Expenditure comprises:

 



Half year 

2012 

Half year 

2011 

Full year 

 2011 



£m 

£m 

£m 

Group head office

86 

88 

168 

Asia regional office





Gross costs

45 

48 

86 


Recharges to Asia operations

(11)

(18)

(35)



34 

30 

51 

Total

120 

118 

219 

 

I      Allocation of investment return between policyholders and shareholders

 

Investment return is attributable to policyholders and shareholders. A key feature of the accounting policies under IFRS is that the investment return included in the income statement relates to all investment assets of the Group, irrespective of whether the return is attributable to shareholders, to policyholders or to the unallocated surplus of with-profits funds, the latter two of which have no net impact on shareholders' profit. The table below provides a breakdown of the investment return for each regional operation attributable to each type of business.

 




Half Year

2012

Half Year

2011

Full year

2011




£m 

£m 

£m 

Asia operations





Policyholders' returns






Assets backing unit-linked liabilities

296 

208 

(812)



With-profits business

423 

404 

756 




719 

612 

(56)

Shareholders' returns

333 

178 

341 

Total

1,052 

790 

285 







US operations





Policyholders ' returns






Assets held to back (separate account) unit-linked liabilities

2,095 

1,530 

(869)


Shareholders' returns






Realised gains and losses (including impairment losses on available-for-sale bonds)

(331)

81 

(238)



Value movements on derivative hedging programme for general account business

252 

93 

841 



Interest/dividend income and value movements on other financial instruments for which fair value movements are booked in the income statement

638 

570 

1,714 




559 

744 

2,317 

Total

2,654 

2,274 

1,448 







UK operations





Policyholders' returns






Scottish Amicable Insurance Fund (SAIF)

289 

303 

321 



Assets held to back unit-linked liabilities

534 

657 

208 



With-profits fund (excluding SAIF)

3,000 

2,808 

4,094 




3,823 

3,768 

4,623 


Shareholders' returns






Prudential Retirement Income Limited (PRIL)

772 

555 

2,153 



Other business

461 

342 

956 




1,233 

897 

3,109 

Total

5,056 

4,665 

7,732 







Unallocated corporate






Shareholders' returns

21 

(105)

Group Total






Policyholders' returns

6,637 

5,910 

3,698 



Shareholders' returns

2,125 

1,840 

5,662 

Total

8,762 

7,750 

9,360 

 

The returns as shown in the table above are delineated between those returns allocated to policyholders and those allocated to shareholders. In making this distinction, returns allocated to policyholders are those from investments in which shareholders have no direct economic interest, namely:

•     Unit-linked business in the UK, Asia and SAIF in the UK, for which the investment return is wholly attributable to policyholders;

•     Separate account business of US operations, the investment return of which is also wholly attributable to policyholders; and

•     With-profits business (excluding SAIF) in the UK and Asia (in which the shareholders' economic interest, and the basis of recognising IFRS basis profits, is restricted to a share of the actuarially determined surplus for distribution (in the UK 10 per cent)). Except for this surplus the investment return of the with-profit funds is attributable to policyholders (through the asset-share liabilities) or the unallocated surplus, which is accounted for as a liability under IFRS 4.

 

The investment return related to the types of business above does not impact shareholders' profits directly. However there is an indirect impact, for example, investment-related fees or the effect of investment return on the shareholders' share of the cost of bonuses of with-profits funds.

 

Investment returns for unit-linked and similar products have reciprocal impact on benefits and claims, with a decrease in market returns on the attached pool of assets affecting policyholder benefits on these products. Similarly for with-profits funds there is a close correlation between increases or decreases in investment returns and the level of combined charge for policyholder benefits and movement on unallocated surplus that arises from such returns.

 

Shareholders' returns

 

For shareholder-backed non-participating business of the UK (comprising PRIL and other non-linked non-participating business) and of the Asia operations, the investment return is not directly attributable to policyholders and therefore does impact shareholders' profit directly. However, it should be noted that for UK shareholder-backed annuity business, principally PRIL, where the durations of asset and liability cash flows are closely matched, the discount rate applied to measure liabilities to policyholders (under 'grandfathered' UK GAAP and under IFRS 4) reflects movements in asset yields (after allowances for the future defaults) of the backing portfolios. Therefore, the net impact on the shareholders' profits of the investment return of the assets backing liabilities of the UK shareholder-backed annuity business is after taking into account the consequential effect on the movement in policyholder liabilities.

 

Changes in shareholders' investment returns for US operations reflect primarily movements in the investment income, movements in the value of the derivative instruments held to manage the general account assets and liability portfolio, and realised gains and losses. However, separately, reflecting Jackson's types of business, an allocation is made to policyholders through the application of crediting rates.

 

The majority of the investments held to back the US general account business are debt securities for which the available-for-sale designation is applied for IFRS basis reporting. Under this designation the return included in the income statement reflects the aggregate of investment income and realised gains and losses (including impairment losses). However, movements in unrealised appreciation or depreciation are recognised in other comprehensive income. The return on these assets is attributable to shareholders.

 

J     Benefits and claims and movements in unallocated surplus of with-profits funds, net of reinsurance

 

Benefits and claims represent payments, including final bonuses, to policyholders in respect of maturities, surrenders and deaths plus the change in technical provisions (which primarily represents the movement in amounts owed to policyholders). Benefits and claims are amounts attributable to policyholders. The movement in unallocated surplus of with-profits funds represents the transfer to (from) the unallocated surplus each year through a (charge) credit to the income statement of the annual excess (shortfall) of income over expenditure of the with-profits funds, after declaration and attribution of the cost of bonuses to policyholders and shareholders.

Benefits and claims and movements in unallocated surplus of with-profits funds net of reinsurance can be further analysed as follows:

 

  

 Half year 2012

  

Asia

US

UK

Total

  

£m

£m

£m

£m

Claims incurred

(1,587)

(2,499)

(5,057)

(9,143)

Increase in policyholder liabilities

(2,109)

(6,410)

(1,600)

(10,119)

Movement in unallocated surplus of with-profits funds(note)

137 

(725)

(588)

  

(3,559)

(8,909)

(7,382)

(19,850)

 

  

 Half year 2011

  

Asia

US

UK

Total

  

£m

£m

£m

£m

Claims incurred

(1,460)

(2,647)

(4,838)

(8,945)

Increase in policyholder liabilities

(1,827)

(5,465)

(713)

(8,005)

Movement in unallocated surplus of with-profits funds(note)

52 

-

(692)

(640)

  

(3,235)

(8,112)

(6,243)

(17,590)

 

  

 Full year 2011

  

Asia

US

UK

Total

  

£m

£m

£m

£m

Claims incurred

(2,955)

(4,678)

(10,103)

(17,736)

Increase in policyholder liabilities

(2,950)

(7,973)

(1,655)

(12,578)

Movement in unallocated surplus of with-profits funds(note)

540 

485 

1,025 

  

(5,365)

(12,651)

(11,273)

(29,289)

 

Note

The unallocated surplus of with-profits funds represents the excess of assets of with-profits funds over policyholder and other liabilities of the funds. The surplus is therefore sensitive to the measurement basis of the assets and liabilities. The movements on unallocated surplus of with-profits funds also reflect the impact of market fluctuations of investment values backing the surplus. The Asia movement principally arises in the Hong Kong branch operation.

 

K    Tax

 

i        Tax charge

 

The total tax charge comprises:

 


Half year 2012


Half year 

2011 *


Full year 

2011*


Current

 tax

Deferred

 tax

Total 


Total  


Total  

Tax charge

£m 

£m 

£m 


£m 


£m 

UK tax

(98)

14 

(84)


(85)


(20)

Overseas tax

(294)

31 

(263)


(292)


(372)

Total tax charge

(392)

45 

(347)


(377)


(392)

 

The current tax charge of £392 million includes £8 million for 2012 (half year 2011: charge of £8 million; full year 2011: charge of £16 million) in respect of the tax charge for Hong Kong. The Hong Kong current tax charge is calculated as 16.5 per cent for all periods on either (i) 5 per cent of the net insurance premium or (ii) the estimated assessable profits, depending on the nature of the business written.

 

The total tax charge comprises tax attributable to policyholders and unallocated surplus of with-profits funds, unit-linked policies and shareholders as shown below:

 


Half year 2012


Half year 

2011 *


Full year 

2011*


Current

 tax

Deferred

 tax

Total


Total  


Total  

Tax charge

£m 

£m 

£m 


£m 


£m 

Tax (charge) credit to policyholders' returns

(137)

97 

(40)


(94)


17 

Tax charge attributable to shareholders' returns

(255)

(52)

(307)


(283)


(409)

Total tax charge

(392)

45 

(347)


(377)


(392)

* The 2011 comparative results have been adjusted from those previously published for the retrospective application of the improvement in accounting policy described in note B.

 

The principal reason for the reduction in the tax charge attributable to policyholders' returns compared to the six month period ended June 2011 is due to a reduction in the value of unrealised gains on investments which results in a decrease in the policyholders' deferred tax charge. An explanation of the tax charge attributable to shareholders is shown in note (iii) below.

 

ii       Deferred tax

 

The statement of financial position contains the following deferred tax assets and liabilities:

 


30 June 2012

30 June 2011*

31 December 2011*


Deferred tax 

 assets 

Deferred tax 

 liabilities 

Deferred tax 

assets 

Deferred tax 

liabilities 

Deferred tax 

assets 

Deferred tax 

liabilities 


£m 

£m 

£m 

£m 

£m 

£m 

Unrealised gains and losses on investments

206 

(1,629)

319 

(1,654)

297 

(1,566)

Balances relating to investment and insurance contracts

22 

(969)

17 

(745)

13 

(667)

Short-term timing differences

1,820 

(1,307)

1,374 

(1,524)

1,513 

(1,687)

Capital allowances

12 

(8)

18 

(13)

15 

(9)

Unused tax losses

119 

392 

438 

Total

2,179 

(3,913)

2,120 

(3,936)

2,276 

(3,929)

* The 2011 comparative results have been adjusted from those previously published for the retrospective application of the improvement in accounting policy described in note B.

 

Deferred tax assets are recognised to the extent that they are regarded as recoverable, that is to the extent that, on the basis of all available evidence, it can be regarded as more likely than not that there will be suitable taxable profits from which the future reversal of the underlying temporary differences can be deducted.

 

The taxation regimes applicable across the Group often apply separate rules to trading and capital profits and losses. The distinction between temporary differences that arise from items of either a trading or capital nature may affect the recognition of deferred tax assets. Accordingly, for the 2012 half year results and financial position at 30 June 2012, the possible tax benefit of approximately £156 million (30 June 2011: £106 million; 31 December 2011: £158 million), which may arise from capital losses valued at approximately £0.7 billion (30 June 2011: £0.5 billion; 31 December 2011: £0.7 billion), is sufficiently uncertain that it has not been recognised. In addition, a potential deferred tax asset of £122 million (30 June 2011: £ 241 million; 31 December 2011: £147 million), which may arise from tax losses and other potential temporary differences totalling £0.5 billion (30 June 2011: £1.0 billion; 31 December 2011: £0.6 billion) is sufficiently uncertain that it has not been recognised. Of these, losses of £116 million will expire within the next 10 years. The remaining losses have no expiry date.

 

Under IAS 12, 'Income Taxes', deferred tax is measured at the tax rates that are expected to apply to the period when the asset is realised or the liability settled, based on the tax rates (and laws) that have been enacted or are substantively enacted at the end of the reporting periods.

 

As part of Finance Act 2011, the UK government enacted a corporation tax rate change to 25 per cent with effect from 1 April 2012. However in March 2012, the UK government announced a revised tax rate change to 24 per cent which was effective from 1 April 2012 after being substantively enacted on 26 March 2012 by a resolution under the Provisional Collection of Taxes Act 1968. Additionally, the reduction in the UK corporation tax rate to 23 per cent from 1 April 2013 was substantively enacted on 3 July 2012 in the 2012 Finance Bill, however this has no effect on half year 2012 financial results.

 

The subsequent proposed phased rate changes to 22 per cent are expected to have the effect of reducing the UK with-profits and shareholder-backed business elements of the net deferred tax balances at 30 June 2012 by £55 million.

 

The UK Government has announced that there will be substantial changes to the rules relating to the taxation of life insurance companies, which will be effective 1 January 2013. The effects of these changes are not reflected in the financial statements for the period ended 30 June 2012 as the 2012 Finance Act had not been enacted at the balance sheet date. Based on the Finance (No.4) Bill, the new regime is not expected to have a material impact on the Group's net assets.

 

iii     Reconciliation of tax charge on profit attributable to shareholders for continuing operations

 



  

Asia 

insurance 

 operations 

US 

 insurance 
operations 

UK 

 insurance 

operations 

Other 

operations 

Total 

Half year 2012

£m (except for tax rates)

Profit before tax attributable to shareholders:







Operating profit based on longer-term investment returns note (iii)

406 

442 

353 

(39)

1,162 


Short-term fluctuations in investment returns  

42 

(125)

46 

(32)


Shareholders' share of actuarial and other gains and losses on defined benefit pension schemes  

78 

87 


Gain on dilution of Group holdings

42 

42 


Total

448 

317 

367 

127 

1,259 

Expected tax rate:note (i)







Operating profit based on longer-term investment returns note (iii)

24%

35%

24.5%

24.5%

28%


Short-term fluctuations in investment returns  

24%

35%

24.5%

24.5%

69%


Shareholders' share of actuarial and other gains and losses on defined benefit pension schemes

24.5%

24.5%

24.5%


Gain on dilution of Group holdings

24.5%

24.5%

Expected tax (charge) credit based on expected tax rates:







Operating profit based on longer-term investment returns note (iii)

(97)

(155)

(86)

10 

(328)


Short-term fluctuations in investment returns  

(10)

44 

(1)

(11)

22 


Shareholders' share of actuarial and other gains and losses on defined benefit pension schemes

(2)

(19)

(21)


Gain on dilution of Group holdings

(10)

(10)

Total

(107)

(111)

(89)

(30)

(337)

Variance from expected tax charge: note (ii)







Operating profit based on longer-term investment returns note (iii)

19 

40 

12 

(28)

43 


Short-term fluctuations in investment returns  

(13)

(6)

(4)

(23)


Shareholders' share of actuarial and other gains and losses on defined benefit pension schemes


Gain on dilution of Group holdings

10 

10 

Total

40 

(22)

30 

Actual tax (charge) credit:







Operating profit based on longer-term investment returnsnote (iii)

(78)

(115)

(74)

(18)

(285)


Short-term fluctuations in investment returns

(23)

44 

(7)

(15)

(1)


Shareholders' share of actuarial and other gains and losses on defined benefit pension schemes

(2)

(19)

(21)


Gain on dilution of Group holdings


Total  

(101)

(71)

(83)

(52)

(307)

Actual tax rate:  







Operating profit based on longer-term investment returns

19%

26%

21%

(46)%

25%


Total profit

23%

22%

23%

41%

24%

 



   

Asia 

insurance 

 operations 

US 

 insurance 
operations 

UK 

 insurance 

operations 

Other 

operations 

Total 

Half year 2011*

£m (except for tax rates)

Profit before tax attributable to shareholders:  







Operating profit based on longer-term investment returns  note (iii)

322 

340 

353 

13 

1,028 


Short-term fluctuations in investment returns   

14 

44 

28 

93 


Shareholders' share of actuarial and other gains and losses on defined benefit pension schemes   

(2)

(5)

(7)


Total  

336 

347 

395 

36 

1,114 

Expected tax rate: note (i)







Operating profit based on longer-term investment returns  note (iii)

24%

35%

26.5%

26.5%

29%


Short-term fluctuations in investment returns   

22%

35%

26.5%

26.5%

26%


Shareholders' share of actuarial and other gains and losses on defined benefit pension schemes  

26.5%

26.5%

26.5%

Expected tax (charge) credit based on expected tax rates:  







Operating profit based on longer-term investment returns  note (iii)

(77)

(119)

(94)

(3)

(293)


Short-term fluctuations in investment returns   

(3)

(2)

(12)

(7)

(24)


Shareholders' share of actuarial and other gains and losses on defined benefit pension schemes  

Total  

(80)

(121)

(105)

(9)

(315)

Variance from expected tax charge:  note (ii)







Operating profit based on longer-term investment returns  note (iii)

39 

19 

64 


Short-term fluctuations in investment returns   

(33)

(32)

Total  

19 

32 

Actual tax (charge) credit:  







Operating profit based on longer-term investment returns note (iii)

(38)

(100)

(89)

(2)

(229)


Short-term fluctuations in investment returns  

(36)

(2)

(11)

(7)

(56)


Shareholders' share of actuarial and other gains and losses on defined benefit pension schemes  


Total   

(74)

(102)

(99)

(8)

(283)

Actual tax rate:   







Operating profit based on longer-term investment returns  

12%

29%

25%

15%

22%


Total profit  

22%

29%

25%

22%

25%

* The 2011 comparative results have been adjusted from those previously published for the retrospective application of the improvement in accounting policy described in note B.

 



   

Asia 
insurance 
operations 

US  
insurance 
operations 

UK
 insurance 
operations 

Other 
operations 

Total 

Full year 2011*

£m (except for tax rates)

Profit (loss) before tax attributable to shareholders:  







Operating profit based on longer-term investment returns  note (iii)

704 

651 

723 

(51)

2,027 


Short-term fluctuations in investment returns   

(92)

(167)

159 

(120)

(220)


Shareholders' share of actuarial and other gains and losses on defined benefit pension schemes   

18 

21 


Total  

612 

484 

900 

(168)

1,828 

Expected tax rate: note (i)







Operating profit based on longer-term investment returns  note (iii)

24%

35%

27%

27%

29%


Short-term fluctuations in investment returns   

20%

35%

27%

27%

30%


Shareholders' share of actuarial and other gains and losses on defined benefit pension schemes  

0%

0%

27%

27%

26.5%

Expected tax (charge) credit based on expected tax rates:  







Operating profit based on longer-term investment returns  note (iii)

(169)

(228)

(195)

14 

(578)


Short-term fluctuations in investment returns   

18 

58 

(43)

32 

65 


Shareholders' share of actuarial and other gains and losses on defined benefit pension schemes  

(5)

(1)

(6)

Total  

(151)

(170)

(243)

45 

(519)

Variance from expected tax charge:  note (ii)







Operating profit based on longer-term investment returns  note (iii)

47 

43 

50 

145 


Short-term fluctuations in investment returns   

(20)

(24)

(36)


Shareholders' share of actuarial and other gains and losses on defined benefit pension schemes  

Total  

27 

43 

14 

26 

110 

Actual tax (charge) credit:  







Operating profit based on longer-term investment returns note (iii)

(122)

(185)

(190)

64 

(433)


Short-term fluctuations in investment returns  

(2)

58 

(35)

29 


Shareholders' share of actuarial and other gains and losses on defined benefit pension schemes  

(4)

(1)

(5)


Total   

(124)

(127)

(229)

71 

(409)

Actual tax rate:   







Operating profit based on longer-term investment returns  

17%

28%

26%

125%

21%


Total profit  

20%

26%

25%

42%

22%

* The 2011 comparative results have been adjusted from those previously published for the retrospective application of the improvement in accounting policy described in note B.

Notes

(i)      Expected tax rates for profit (loss) attributable to shareholders:

•     The expected tax rates shown in the table above reflect the corporation tax rates generally applied to taxable profits of the relevant country jurisdictions.

•     For Asia operations the expected tax rates reflect the corporation tax rates weighted by reference to the source of profits of operations contributing to the aggregate business result.

•     The expected tax rate for Other operations reflects the mix of business between UK and overseas operations, which are taxed at a variety of rates.

(ii)     For 2012 and 2011, the principal variances arise from a number of factors, including:

(a)  Asia long-term operations

For half year 2012 and 2011, profits in certain countries which are not taxable, along with utilising brought forward tax losses on which no deferred tax assets were previously recognised, partly offset by the inability to fully recognise deferred tax assets on losses being carried forward.

(b)  Jackson

For half year 2012 and 2011, the benefit of a deduction from taxable income of a proportion of dividends received attributable to the variable annuity business.

(c)  UK insurance operations

For half year 2012 and 2011, the effect of the reduction in the UK corporation tax rate on deferred tax liabilities and the different tax bases of UK life business. Additionally, for 2011 this is partially offset by routine revisions to prior period tax returns.

(d)  Other operations

For half year 2012 and 2011 the effect of the reduction in UK corporation tax rate on deferred tax assets and revisions to prior period tax returns. For full year 2011 the settlement of outstanding issues with HMRC at an amount below that previously provided, partly offset by prior year adjustments arising from the revisions of prior period tax returns.

 

(iii)    Operating profit based on longer-term investment returns is net of attributable restructuring costs and development expenses. Related tax charges are determined on the basis of current taxation legislation.

 

L     Supplementary analysis of earnings per share

 



Half year 2012



Before

 tax

 note C

Tax 

          note K 

Non- 

 controlling   interests  

Net of tax 

and non- controlling 

interests 

Basic

 earnings 

 per share 

Diluted 

 earnings 

 per share 



£m 

£m 

£m 

£m 

Pence 

Pence 

Based on operating profit based on longer-term investment returns

1,162 

(285)

877 

34.5 p

34.5 p

Short-term fluctuations in investment returns on shareholder-backed business

(32)

(1)

(33)

(1.3)p

(1.3)p

Shareholders' share of actuarial and other gains and losses on defined benefit pension schemes

87 

(21)

66 

2.6 p

2.6 p

Gain on dilution of Group holdings

42 

42 

1.7 P

1.7 P

Based on profit  for the period

1,259 

(307)

952 

37.5 p

37.5 p

 



Half year 2011*



Before

 tax

 note C

Tax 

          note K

Non- 

 controlling
interests 

Net of tax 

and non- controlling 

interests 

Basic

 earnings 

 per share 

Diluted 

 earnings 

 per share 



£m 

£m 

£m 

£m 

Pence 

Pence 

Based on operating profit based on longer-term investment returns

1,028 

(229)

(2)

797 

31.4 p

31.3 p

Short-term fluctuations in investment returns on shareholder-backed business

93 

(56)

37 

1.5 p

1.5 p

Shareholders' share of actuarial and other gains and losses on defined benefit pension schemes

(7)

(5)

(0.2)p

(0.2)p

Based on profit  for the period

1,114 

(283)

(2)

829 

32.7 p

32.6 p

 



Full year 2011*



Before

 tax

 note C 

Tax 

        note K

Non- controlling interests

Net of tax

and non- controlling interests 

Basic

  earnings 

 per share  

Diluted 

 earnings 

 per share    



£m 

£m 

£m 

£m 

Pence 

Pence   

Based on operating profit based on longer-term investment return

2,027 

(433)

(4)

1,590 

62.8 p

62.7 p

Short-term fluctuations in investment returns on shareholder-backed business

(220)

29 

(191)

(7.6)p

(7.6)p

Shareholders' share of actuarial and other gains and losses on defined benefit pension schemes

21 

(5)

16 

0.6 p

0.6 p

Based on profit  for the year

1,828 

(409)

(4)

1,415 

55.8 p

55.7 p

* The 2011 comparative results have been adjusted from those previously published for the retrospective application of the improvement in accounting policy described in note B.

 

Earnings per share are calculated based on earnings attributable to ordinary shareholders, after related tax and non-controlling interests.

The weighted average number of shares for calculating earnings per share:



Half year

2012

Half year

2011

Full year

2011



(in millions)

(in millions)

(in millions)

Weighted average number of shares for calculation of:





Basic earnings per share

2,536 

2,533 

2,533 


Diluted earnings per share

2,539 

2,539 

2,538 

 

M   Dividends

 

Dividends per share (in pence)

Half year

2012

Half year

2011

Full year

2011

Dividends relating to reporting period:

 

 

 


Interim dividend (2012 and 2011)

8.40p 

7.95 p 

7.95 p 


Final dividend (2011)

17.24 p 

Total

8.40p 

7.95 p 

25.19 p 

Dividends declared and paid in reporting period:

 

 

 


Current year interim dividend

7.95 p 


 Final dividend for prior year

17.24 p 

17.24 p 

17.24 p 

Total

17.24 p 

17.24 p 

25.19 p 

 

Interim dividends are recorded in the period in which they are paid. Final dividends are recorded in the period in which they are approved by shareholders. The final dividend for the year ended 31 December 2011 of 17.24 pence per ordinary share was paid to eligible shareholders on 24 May 2012.

The 2012 interim dividend of 8.40 pence per ordinary share will be paid on 27 September 2012 in sterling to shareholders on the principal register and the Irish branch register at 6.00 pm BST on Friday, 24 August 2012 (the 'Record Date'), and in Hong Kong dollars to shareholders on the Hong Kong branch register at 4.30 pm Hong Kong time on the Record Date (HK Shareholders). Holders of US American Depositary Receipts (US Shareholders) will be paid their dividends in US dollars on or about 5 October 2012. The interim dividend will be paid on or about 4 October 2012 in Singapore dollars to shareholders with shares standing to the credit of their securities accounts with The Central Depository (Pte) Limited (CDP) at 5.00 pm Singapore time on the Record Date (SG Shareholders). The dividend payable to the HK Shareholders will be translated using the exchange rate quoted by the WM Company at the close of business on 9 August 2012. The exchange rate at which the dividend payable to the SG Shareholders will be translated into SG$ will be determined by CDP. The dividend will distribute an estimated £215 million of shareholders' equity.

Shareholders on the principal register and Irish branch register will be able to participate in a Dividend Reinvestment Plan (DRIP).

 

N    Statement of financial position - analysis of Group position by segment and business type

 

i        Group statement of financial position analysis

To explain more comprehensively the assets, liabilities and capital of the Group's businesses, it is appropriate to provide analyses of the Group's statement of financial position by operating segment and type of business.

 



  

Insurance operations

Total 

 insurance 

 operations 

Asset 

 management 

 operations 

Unallocated 

to a segment (central
  operations) 

Intra-group 
eliminations 

30 Jun

2012 

Group 

Total 

30 Jun* 

2011 

Group 

Total 

31 Dec* 

2011

Group

Total



  

UK 

US 

Asia 

By operating segment

£m 

£m 

£m 

£m 

£m 

£m 

£m 

£m 

£m

£m 

Assets









  

  

Intangible assets attributable to shareholders:









  

  


Goodwill note P

237 

237 

1,230 

1,467 

1,469 

1,465 


Deferred acquisition costs and other intangible assets note Q

109 

3,203 

987 

4,299 

15 

19 

4,333 

4,060 

4,234 


Total

109 

3,203 

1,224 

4,536 

1,245 

19 

5,800 

5,529 

5,699 

Intangible assets  attributable to with-profits funds:









  

  


In respect of acquired subsidiaries for venture fund and other investment purposes

178 

178 

178 

169 

178 


Deferred acquisition costs and other intangible assets

78 

84 

84 

93 

89 


Total

184 

78 

262 

262 

262 

267 

Total

293 

3,203 

1,302 

4,798 

1,245 

19 

6,062 

5,791 

5,966 

Deferred tax assets note K

243 

1,633 

95 

1,971 

110 

98 

2,179 

2,120 

2,276 

Other non-investment and non-cash assets note (i)

5,437 

1,536 

1,053 

8,026 

1,104 

4,079 

(5,860)

7,349 

6,521 

6,638 

Investment of long-term business and other operations:









  

  


Investment properties

10,786 

25 

11 

10,822 

10,822 

10,965 

10,757 


Investments accounted for using the equity method

70 

70 

42 

112 

71 

70 


Financial investments:









  

  



Loans note S

3,435 

4,168 

1,171 

8,774 

1,207 

9,981 

9,017 

9,714 



Equity securities and portfolio holdings in unit trusts

34,036 

43,874 

12,553 

90,463 

79 

90,542 

91,037 

87,349 



Debt securities note T

79,900 

27,061 

19,433 

126,394 

1,875 

128,269 

117,213 

124,498 



Other investments

4,683 

2,634 

703 

8,020 

72 

51 

8,143 

6,121 

7,509 



Deposits

11,105 

228 

1,041 

12,374 

55 

12,429 

10,858 

10,708 

Total investments

144,015 

77,990 

34,912 

256,917 

3,330 

51 

260,298 

245,282 

250,605 

Properties held for sale  

394 

Cash and cash equivalents  

2,554 

293 

1,927 

4,774 

1,580 

383 

6,737 

8,589 

7,257 

Total assets

152,542 

84,655 

39,289 

276,486 

7,369 

4,630 

(5,860)

282,625 

268,697 

272,745 

 


  

Insurance operations

Total 

insurance 

operations 

 Asset
 management

 operations 

Unallocated

to a segment 

(central

 operations)

Intra 

-group 

 eliminations 

30 Jun 

2012 

Group 

Total 

30 Jun* 

 2011 

Group 

Total 


31 Dec*

2011 

Group 

Total 



  

UK  

US 

Asia 

By operating segment 

£m  

£m 

£m 

£m 

£m 

£m 

£m 

£m 

£m 

  

£m 

  

Equity and liabilities










  


  

Equity










  


  

Shareholders' equity  

2,722 

3,919 

2,403 

9,044 

1,888 

(1,640)

9,292 

7,990 

  

8,564 

  

Non-controlling interests

29 

34 

34 

46 

  

43 

  

Total equity

2,751 

3,919 

2,408 

9,078 

1,888 

(1,640)

9,326 

8,036 

  

8,607 

  

Liabilities










  


  

Policyholder liabilities and unallocated surplus of with-profits funds:










  


  


Contract liabilities (including amounts in respect of contracts classified as investment contracts under

 IFRS 4)note Y

128,387 

75,264 

32,768 

236,419 

236,419 

221,432 

  

227,075 

  


Unallocated surplus of with-profits funds note Y

9,750 

52 

9,802 

9,802 

10,872 

  

9,215 

  

Total policyholder liabilities and  unallocated surplus of with-profits funds

138,137 

75,264 

32,820 

246,221 

246,221 

232,304 

  

236,290 

  

Core structural borrowings of shareholder-financed operations:










  


  

Subordinated debt

2,638 

2,638 

3,044 

  

2,652 

  

Other

159 

159 

250 

549 

958 

954 

  

959 

  

Total note V

159 

159 

250 

3,187 

3,596 

3,998 

  

3,611 

  

Operational borrowings attributable to shareholder-financed

operations note W

42 

91 

93 

226 

10 

2,568 

2,804 

2,912 

  

3,340 

  

Borrowings attributable to with-profits

 operations note W

955 

955 

955 

1,440 

  

972 

  

Deferred tax liabilities note K

1,258 

2,069 

550 

3,877 

20 

16 

3,913 

3,936 

  

3,929 

  

Other non-insurance liabilitiesnote (ii)

9,399 

3,153 

3,418 

15,970 

5,201 

499 

(5,860)

15,810 

16,071 

  

15,996 

  

Total liabilities

149,791 

80,736 

36,881 

267,408 

5,481 

6,270 

(5,860)

273,299 

260,661 

  

264,138 

  

Total equity and liabilities

152,542 

84,655 

39,289 

276,486 

7,369 

4,630 

(5,860)

282,625 

268,697 

  

272,745 

  

* The 2011 comparative results have been adjusted from those previously published for the retrospective application of the improvement in accounting policy described in note B.

 

Notes

(i)      Within other non-investment and non-cash assets are premiums receivable of £274 million (30 June 2011: £290 million; 31 December 2011: £265 million) of which approximately two-thirds are due within one year. The remaining one-third, due after one year, relates to products where charges are levied against premiums in future years.

(ii)     Within other non-insurance liabilities are other creditors of £2,989 million (30 June 2011: £2,599 million; 31 December 2011: £2,544 million) of which £2,683 million (30 June 2011: £2,599 million; 31 December 2011: £2,268 million) are due within one year.

 

ii       Group statement of financial position - additional analysis by business type

 



  


Shareholder-backed business



  

  



  

Participating 
 funds 

Unit-linked 

 and variable 

 annuity 

Non-linked 

 business 

Asset 

management 

 operations 

Unallocated 

 to a 
segment 

(central 
operations) 

Intra-group 
eliminations 

30 Jun 

2012 

 Group 

Total 

30 Jun* 

2011 

Group 

Total 

31 Dec* 

2011 

Group 

Total 



  

£m 

£m 

£m 

£m 

£m 

£m 

£m 

£m 

£m 

Assets








  

  

Intangible assets attributable to shareholders:








  

  


Goodwill note P

237 

1,230 

1,467 

1,469 

1,465 


Deferred acquisition costs and other

 intangible assets note Q

4,299 

15 

19 

4,333 

4,060 

4,234 


Total

4,536 

1,245 

19 

5,800 

5,529 

5,699 

Intangible assets  attributable to with-profits funds:








  

  


In respect of acquired subsidiaries for venture fund and other investment purposes

178 

178 

169 

178 


Deferred acquisition costs and other intangible assets

84 

84 

93 

89 


Total

262 

262 

262 

267 

Total

262 

4,536 

1,245 

19 

6,062 

5,791 

5,966 

Deferred tax assets note K

104 

1,866 

110 

98 

2,179 

2,120 

2,276 

Other non-investment and non-cash assets  

3,245 

575 

4,206 

1,104 

4,079 

(5,860)

7,349 

6,521 

6,638 

Investment of long-term business and other operations:








  

  


Investment properties

8,564 

685 

1,573 

10,822 

10,965 

10,757 


Investments accounted for using the equity method

70 

42 

112 

71 

70 


Financial investments:








  

  



Loans  note S

2,866 

5,907 

1,207 

9,981 

9,017 

9,714 



Equity securities and portfolio holdings in unit trusts

23,406 

66,050 

1,007 

79 

90,542 

91,037 

87,349 



Debt securities note T

58,930 

9,062 

58,402 

1,875 

128,269 

117,213 

124,498 



Other investments

4,664 

125 

3,231 

72 

51 

8,143 

6,121 

7,509 



Deposits

8,830 

1,433 

2,111 

55 

12,429 

10,858 

10,708 

Total investments

107,260 

77,356 

72,301 

3,330 

51 

260,298 

245,282 

250,605 

Properties held for sale  

394 

Cash and cash equivalents  

2,176 

1,308 

1,290 

1,580 

383 

6,737 

8,589 

7,257 

Total assets

113,047 

79,240 

84,199 

7,369 

4,630 

(5,860)

282,625 

268,697 

272,745 

* The 2011 comparative results have been adjusted from those previously published for the retrospective application of the improvement in accounting policy described in note B.

 


  


Shareholder-backed business




  

  


  

Participating  funds 

Unit-linked  and
  variable
  annuity 

Non-linked 

  business 

Asset 

management 

 operations 

Unallocated 

 to a segment 

(central
  operations) 

Intra-group 

 eliminations 

30 Jun 

2012 

Group 

Total 

30 Jun 

2011 

Group 

Total *

31 Dec 

2011 

Group 

Total *

  

£m 

£m 

£m 

£m 

£m 

£m 

£m 

£m 

£m 

Equity and liabilities








  

  

Equity








  

  

Shareholders' equity  

9,044 

1,888 

(1,640)

9,292 

7,990 

8,564 

Non-controlling interests

29 

34 

46 

43 

Total equity

29 

9,049 

1,888 

(1,640)

9,326 

8,036 

8,607 

Liabilities








  

  

Policyholder liabilities and unallocated surplus of with-profits funds:








  

  


Contract liabilities (including amounts in respect of contracts classified as investment contracts under IFRS 4)note Y

94,635 

77,476 

64,308 

236,419 

221,432 

227,075 


Unallocated surplus of with-profits fundsnote Y

9,802 

9,802 

10,872 

9,215 

Total policyholder liabilities and  unallocated surplus of with-profits funds

104,437 

77,476 

64,308 

246,221 

232,304 

236,290 

Core structural borrowings of shareholder-financed operations:  








  

  

Subordinated debt

2,638 

2,638 

3,044 

2,652 

Other

159 

250 

549 

958 

954 

959 

Totalnote V

159 

250 

3,187 

3,596 

3,998 

3,611 

Operational borrowings attributable to shareholder-financed

operations note W

226 

10 

2,568 

2,804 

2,912 

3,340 

Borrowings attributable to with-profits operations note W

955 

955 

1,440 

972 

Deferred tax liabilitiesnote K

1,149 

31 

2,697 

20 

16 

3,913 

3,936 

3,929 

Other non-insurance liabilities

6,477 

1,733 

7,760 

5,201 

499 

(5,860)

15,810 

16,071 

15,996 

Total liabilities

113,018 

79,240 

75,150 

5,481 

6,270 

(5,860)

273,299 

260,661 

264,138 

Total equity and liabilities

113,047 

79,240 

84,199 

7,369 

4,630 

(5,860)

282,625 

268,697 

272,745 

* The 2011 comparative results have been adjusted from those previously published for the retrospective application of the improvement in accounting policy as described in note B.

 

O         Statement of financial position - analysis of segment by business type

 

i        UK insurance operations

 

Overview

•        In order to reflect the different types of UK business and fund structure, the statement of financial position of the UK insurance operations analyses assets and liabilities between those of the Scottish Amicable Insurance Fund (SAIF), the PAC with-profits sub-fund (WPSF), unit-linked assets and liabilities and annuity (principally PRIL) and other long-term business.

 

•        £93 billion of the £144 billion of investments are held by SAIF and the PAC WPSF. Shareholders are exposed only indirectly to value movements on these assets.

 



  

  

PAC with-profits fund note (i)


Other funds and subsidiaries






  

Scottish 

 Amicable 

 Insurance 

 Fund 

 note (ii) 

Excluding 

 Prudential 

 Annuities 

 Limited 

Prudential 

 Annuities 

 Limited 

 note (iii) 

Total 

  note (iv) 


Unit-linked 

 assets and 

 liabilities 

Annuity 

 and other 

 long-term 

 business 

Total 

30 Jun 

2012 

Total 

30 Jun 

2011 

Total 

31 Dec 

 2011 

Total 

By operating segment

£m 

£m 

£m 

£m   


£m 

£m 

£m 

£m 

£m 

£m 

Assets

  


  

   








Intangible assets attributable to shareholders:

 


  

   









Deferred acquisition costs and other intangible assets

 


109 

109 

109 

118 

113 


Total

 


109 

109 

109 

118 

113 

Intangible assets attributable to with-profits funds:

  


  

   









In respect of acquired subsidiaries for venture fund and other investment purposes

178 

178   


178 

169 

178 


Deferred acquisition costs

 


11 


Total

184 

184   


184 

180 

184 

Total

184 

184   


109 

109 

293 

298 

297 

Deferred tax assets

103 

104   


139 

139 

243 

198 

231 

Other non-investment and non-cash assets  

400 

2,397 

142 

2,539   


471 

2,027 

2,498 

5,437 

3,949 

4,771 

Investment of long term business and other operations:

  


  

   









Investment properties

552 

7,283 

729 

8,012   


685 

1,537 

2,222 

10,786 

10,930 

10,712 


Investments accounted for using the equity method

 


70 

70 

70 

69 

70 


Financial investments:

  


  

   










Loans note S

129 

1,936 

75 

2,011   


1,295 

1,295 

3,435 

2,401 

3,115 



Equity securities and portfolio holdings in unit trusts

2,086 

18,572 

119 

18,691   


13,242 

17 

13,259 

34,036 

40,470 

36,722 



Debt securities note T

3,988 

38,684 

5,783 

44,467   


6,135 

25,310 

31,445 

79,900 

74,818 

77,953 



Other investmentsnote (v)

290 

3,688 

292 

3,980   


84 

329 

413 

4,683 

4,046 

4,568 



Deposits

956 

7,530 

290 

7,820   


936 

1,393 

2,329 

11,105 

9,759 

9,287 

Total investments

8,001 

77,693 

7,288 

84,981   


21,082 

29,951 

51,033 

144,015 

142,493 

142,427 

Properties held for sale

 


391 

Cash and cash equivalents  

85 

1,267 

122 

1,389   


714 

366 

1,080 

2,554 

3,815 

2,965 

Total assets

8,486 

81,644 

7,553 

89,197   


22,267 

32,592 

54,859 

152,542 

151,144 

150,691 

 


  

 

PAC with-profits fund note (i)


Other funds and subsidiaries





  

Scottish 

 Amicable 

 Insurance 

 Fund 

 note (ii) 

Excluding 

 Prudential 

 Annuities 

 Limited 

Prudential 

 Annuities 

 Limited 

 note (iii)

Total 

  note (iv)


Unit-linked 

 assets and 

 liabilities 

Annuity 

 and other 

 long-term 

 business 

Total 

30 Jun 

2012 

Group 

Total 

30 Jun 

2011 

Group 

Total 

31 Dec 

2011 

Group 

Total 


  

£m 

£m 

£m 

£m   


£m 

£m 

£m 

£m 

£m 

£m 

Equity and liabilities

 


 

   








Equity

 


 

   








Shareholders' equity  

-   


2,722 

2,722 

2,722 

2,342 

2,581 

Non-controlling interests

29 

29   


29 

38 

33 

Total equity

29 

29   


2,722 

2,722 

2,751 

2,380 

2,614 

Liabilities

 


  

   








Policyholder liabilities and unallocated surplus of with-profits funds:

  


 

   









Contract liabilities (including amounts in respect of contracts classified as investment contracts under IFRS 4)note Y

8,143 

67,764 

5,384 

73,148   


21,258 

25,838 

47,096 

128,387 

126,544 

127,024 


Unallocated surplus of with-profits funds (reflecting application of 'realistic' basis provisions for UK regulated with-profits funds) note Y and (vi)

8,305 

1,445 

9,750   


9,750 

10,811 

9,165 

Total

8,143 

76,069 

6,829 

82,898   


21,258 

25,838 

47,096 

138,137 

137,355 

136,189 

Operational borrowings attributable to shareholder-financed operations

-   


42 

42 

42 

102 

103 

Borrowings attributable to with-profits funds

18 

937 

937   


955 

1,440 

972 

Deferred tax liabilities

31 

616 

129 

745   


482 

482 

1,258 

1,626 

1,349 

Other non-insurance liabilities

294 

3,993 

595 

4,588   


1,009 

3,508 

4,517 

9,399 

8,241 

9,464 

Total liabilities

8,486 

81,615 

7,553 

89,168   


22,267 

29,870 

52,137 

149,791 

148,764 

148,077 

Total equity and liabilities

8,486 

81,644 

7,553 

89,197   


22,267 

32,592 

54,859 

152,542 

151,144 

150,691 

 

Notes

(i)      The WPSF mainly contains with-profits business but it also contains some non-profit business (unit-linked, term assurances and annuities). The WPSF's profits are apportioned 90 per cent to its policyholders and 10 per cent to shareholders as surplus for distribution is determined via the annual actuarial valuation. For the purposes of this table and subsequent explanation, references to the WPSF also include, for convenience, the amounts attaching to the Defined Charges Participating Sub-fund which comprises 3.3 per cent of the total assets of the WPSF and includes the with-profits annuity business transferred to Prudential from the Equitable Life Assurance Society on 1 December 2007 (with assets of approximately £1.7 billion). Profits to shareholders on this with-profits annuity business emerge on a 'charges less expenses' basis and policyholders are entitled to 100 per cent of the investment earnings.

(ii)     The fund is solely for the benefit of policyholders of SAIF. Shareholders have no interest in the profits of this fund although they are entitled to asset management fees on this business. SAIF is a separate sub-fund within the PAC long-term business fund.

(iii)    Wholly-owned subsidiary of the PAC WPSF that writes annuity business.

(iv)    Excluding policyholder liabilities of the Hong Kong branch of PAC.

(v)     Other investments comprise:






30 Jun

2012

30 Jun

2011

31 Dec

2011


£m 

£m 

£m 

Derivative assets*

1,310 

841 

1,461 

Partnerships in investment pools and other**

3,373 

3,205 

3,107 


4,683 

4,046 

4,568 

*    In the UK, Prudential uses derivatives to reduce equity and credit risk, interest rate and currency exposures, and to facilitate efficient portfolio management. After derivative liabilities of £1,337 million (30 June 2011: £909 million; 31 December 2011: £1,298 million), which are also included in the statement of financial position, the overall derivative position was a net liability of £27 million (30 June 2011: net liability of £68 million; 31 December 2011: net asset of £163 million).

**  Partnerships in investment pools and other comprise mainly investments held by the PAC with-profits fund. These investments are primarily investments in limited partnerships and additionally investments in property funds.

 

(vi)    Unallocated surplus of with-profits funds

         Prudential's long-term business written in the UK comprises predominantly life insurance policies under which the policyholders are entitled to participate in the returns of the funds supporting these policies. Business similar to this type is also written in certain of the Group's Asia operations, subject to local market and regulatory conditions. Such policies are called with-profits policies. Prudential maintains with-profits funds within the Group's long-term business funds, which segregate the assets and liabilities and accumulate the returns related to that with-profits business. The amounts accumulated in these with-profits funds are available to provide for future policyholder benefit provisions and for bonuses to be distributed to with-profits policyholders. The bonuses, both annual and final, reflect the right of the with-profits policyholders to participate in the financial performance of the with-profits funds. Shareholders' profits with respect to bonuses declared on with-profits business correspond to the shareholders' share of the cost of bonuses as declared by the Board of Directors. The shareholders' share currently represents one-ninth of the cost of bonuses declared for with-profits policies.

 

         The unallocated surplus represents the excess of assets over policyholder liabilities for the Group's with-profits funds. As allowed under IFRS 4, the Group has opted to continue to record unallocated surplus of with-profits funds wholly as a liability. The annual excess (shortfall) of income over expenditure of the with-profits funds, after declaration and attribution of the cost of bonuses to policyholders and shareholders, is transferred to (from) the unallocated surplus each year through a (charge) credit to the income statement. The balance retained in the unallocated surplus represents cumulative income arising on the with-profits business that has not been allocated to policyholders or shareholders, including the shareholders' share of future bonuses that has been provided for in determining policyholders' liabilities. The balance of the unallocated surplus is determined after full provision for deferred tax on unrealised appreciation of investments.

 

ii       US insurance operations

 



  

 

 



 

 



  

30 Jun 2012


30 Jun 2011*

31 Dec 2011*



  

Variable annuity

 separate account 

 assets and 

 liabilities 

note (i)

Fixed annuity, 

GIC and other 

 business

      note (i)

Total 


Total 

Total 



  

£m 

£m 

£m 


£m 

£m 

Assets

 

 



 

 

Intangible assets attributable to shareholders:

 

 



 

 


Deferred acquisition costs and other intangibles

3,203 

3,203 


2,939 

3,115 


Total

3,203 

3,203 


2,939 

3,115 

Deferred tax assets

1,633 

1,633 


1,346 

1,392 

Other non-investment and non-cash assets

1,536 

1,536 


1,151 

1,542 

Investments of long-term business and other operations:

 

 



 

 


Investment properties

25 

25 


25 

35 


Financial investments:

 

 



 

 



Loansnote S

4,168 

4,168 


4,062 

4,110 



Equity securities and portfolio holdings in unit trustsnote (iv)

43,625 

249 

43,874 


36,263 

38,036 



Debt securitiesnote T and U

27,061 

27,061 


25,286 

27,022 



Other investmentsnote (ii)

2,634 

2,634 


1,352 

2,376 



Deposits

228 

228 


182 

167 

Total investments

43,625 

34,365 

77,990 


67,170 

71,746 

Properties held for sale  


Cash and cash equivalents

293 

293 


214 

271 

Total assets  

43,625 

41,030 

84,655 


72,823 

78,069 

Equity and liabilities

 

 



 

 

Equity

 

 



 

 

Shareholders' equity note (iii)

3,919 

3,919 


3,298 

3,761 

Total equity

3,919 

3,919 


3,298 

3,761 

Liabilities

 

 



 

 

Policyholder:

 

 



 

 


Contract liabilities (including amounts in respect of contracts classified as investment contracts under IFRS 4) note Y

43,625 

31,639 

75,264 


64,707 

69,189 

Total

43,625 

31,639 

75,264 


64,707 

69,189 

Core structural borrowings of shareholder-financed operations

159 

159 


155 

160 

Operational borrowings attributable to shareholder-financed operations

91 

91 


34 

127 

Deferred tax liabilities

2,069 

2,069 


1,554 

1,818 

Other non-insurance liabilities

3,153 

3,153 


3,075 

3,014 

Total liabilities

43,625 

37,111 

80,736 


69,525 

74,308 

Total equity and liabilities

43,625 

41,030 

84,655 


72,823 

78,069 

* The 2011 comparative results have been adjusted from those previously published for the retrospective application of the improvement in accounting policy described in note B.

 

Notes

(i)    Assets and liabilities attaching to variable annuity business that are not held in the separate account are shown within other business.

(ii)   Other investments comprise:

 




  

30 Jun 

 2012 

30 Jun 

 2011 

31 Dec 

 2011 




  

£m 

£m 

£m 


Derivative assets*

1,866 

749 

1,677 


Partnerships in investment pools and other**

768 

603 

699 




  

2,634 

1,352 

2,376 

*      In the US, Prudential uses derivatives to reduce interest rate risk, to facilitate efficient portfolio management to match liabilities under annuity policies and for certain equity-based product management activities. After taking account of derivative liabilities of £1,046 million (30 June 2011: £718 million; 31 December 2011: £887 million), which are also included in the statement of financial position, the overall derivative position is a net asset of £820 million (30 June 2011: £31 million; 31 December 2011: £790 million).

**    Partnerships in investment pools and other comprise primarily investments in limited partnerships. These include interests in the PPM America Private Equity Fund and diversified investments in other partnerships by independent money managers that generally invest in various equities and fixed income loans and securities.

 

(iii)  Changes in shareholders' equity

           




  

30 Jun 

 2012 

30 Jun

 2011 *

31 Dec 

 2011 *




  

£m 

£m 

£m 


Operating profits based on longer-term investment returns note C

442 

340 

651 


Short-term fluctuations in investment returns note F

(125)

(167)


Profit before shareholder tax

317 

347 

484 


Tax note K

(71)

(102)

(127)


Profit for the period

246 

245 

357 

 




  

30 Jun

 2012

31 Jun

 2011*

31 Dec

 2011*




  

£m 

£m 

£m 


Profit for the period (as above)

246 

245 

357 


Items recognised in other comprehensive income:


 

 


Exchange movements

(34)

(80)

35 


Unrealised valuation movements on securities classified as available-for sale:


 

 




Unrealised holding gains arising during the period

470 

287 

912 




Add back net losses/deduct net (gains) included in income statement

12 

(50)

(101)


Total unrealised valuation movements

482 

237 

811 


Related change in amortisation of deferred income and acquisition costs note Q

(181)

(71)

(275)


Related tax

(105)

(57)

(187)


Total other comprehensive income

162 

29 

384 


Total comprehensive income for the period

408 

274 

741 


Dividends, interest payments to central companies and other movements

(250)

(326)

(330)


Net increase (decrease) in equity

158 

(52)

411 


Shareholders' equity at beginning of period:


 

 



As previously reported

4,271 

3,815 

3,815 



Effect of change in accounting policy for deferred acquisition costs

(510)

(465)

(465)



After effect of change

3,761 

3,350 

3,350 


Shareholders' equity at end of period

3,919 

3,298 

3,761 

* The 2011 comparative results have been adjusted from those previously published for the retrospective application of the improvement in accounting policy described in note B.

 

(iv)    Equity securities and portfolio holdings in unit trusts includes investments in mutual funds, the majority of which are equity based.

 

iii     Asia insurance operations

 



  

30 Jun

 2012



30 Jun

 2011*

31 Dec

 2011*



  

With-profits 

 business 

   note (i)

Unit-linked 

 assets and 

 liabilities 

Other 

Total 



Total  

Total   



  

£m 

£m 

£m 

£m 



£m 

£m 

Assets

 






 

  

Intangible assets attributable to shareholders:

 






 

  


Goodwill

237 

237 



239 

235 


Deferred acquisition costs and other intangible assets

987 

987 



981 

977 

Total

1,224 

1,224 



1,220 

1,212 

Intangible assets attributable to with-profits funds:

 






 

  


Deferred acquisition costs and other intangible assets

78 

78 



82 

83 

Deferred tax assets

94 

95 



94 

115 

Other non-investment and non-cash assets  

306 

104 

643 

1,053 



899 

1,024 

Investments of long-term business and other operations:

 






 

  


Investment properties

11 

11 



10 

10 


Investments accounted for using the equity method




Financial investments:

 






 

  



Loans note S

726 

444 

1,171 



1,283 

1,233 



Equity securities and portfolio holdings in unit trusts  

2,629 

9,183 

741 

12,553 



14,159 

11,997 



Debt securities note T

10,475 

2,927 

6,031 

19,433 



15,357 

17,681 



Other investments  

394 

41 

268 

703 



504 

470 



Deposits

54 

497 

490 

1,041 



827 

1,165 

Total investments

14,278 

12,649 

7,985 

34,912 



32,142 

32,556 

Cash and cash equivalents

702 

594 

631 

1,927 



2,075 

1,977 

Total assets

15,364 

13,348 

10,577 

39,289 



36,512 

36,967 

Equity and liabilities

 






 

  

Equity

 






 

  

Shareholders' equity

2,403 

2,403 



2,224 

2,306 

Non-controlling interests



Total equity

2,408 

2,408 



2,229 

2,311 

Liabilities

 






 

  

Policyholder liabilities and unallocated surplus of with-profits funds:  

 






 

  


Contract liabilities (including amounts in respect of contracts classified as investment contracts under IFRS 4)note Y

13,344 

12,593 

6,831 

32,768 



30,181 

30,862 


Unallocated surplus of with-profits funds note Y

52 

52 



61 

50 

Total

13,396 

12,593 

6,831 

32,820 



30,242 

30,912 

Operational borrowings attributable to shareholder-financed operations

93 

93 



139 

141 

Deferred tax liabilities

373 

31 

146 

550 



518 

506 

Other non-insurance liabilities

1,595 

724 

1,099 

3,418 



3,384 

3,097 

Total liabilities

15,364 

13,348 

8,169 

36,881 



34,283 

34,656 

Total equity and liabilities

15,364 

13,348 

10,577 

39,289 



36,512 

36,967 

* The 2011 comparative results have been adjusted from those previously published for the retrospective application of the improvement in accounting policy described in note B.

 

Note

(i)      The statement of financial position for with-profits business comprises the with-profits assets and liabilities of the Hong Kong, Malaysia and Singapore with-profits operations. Assets and liabilities of other participating business are included in the column for 'Other business'.

 

iv      Asset management operations

 


  

M&G 

note (i) 

US 

Eastspring 

Investments 

Total 

30 Jun 

 2012 

Total 

 30 Jun 

 2011 

Total 

 31 Dec 

 2011 


  

£m 

£m 

£m 

£m 

£m 

£m 

Assets

 






Intangible assets:

 







Goodwill note P

1,153 

16 

61 

1,230 

1,230 

1,230 


Deferred acquisition costs

11 

15 

10 

16 

Total

1,164 

18 

63 

1,245 

1,240 

1,246 

Other non-investment and non-cash assetsnote (iii)

945 

176 

93 

1,214 

1,172 

1,129 

Investments accounted for using the equity method

42 

42 

Financial investments:

 







Loansnote S

1,207 

1,207 

1,271 

1,256 


Equity securities and portfolio holdings in unit trusts

66 

13 

79 

145 

594 


Debt securitiesnote T

1,867 

1,875 

1,752 

1,842 


Other investments

70 

72 

49 

78 


Deposits

15 

35 

55 

90 

89 

Total investmentsnote (iii)

3,257 

17 

56 

3,330 

3,307 

3,859 

Cash and cash equivalentsnote (iii)

1,408 

47 

125 

1,580 

2,179 

1,735 

Total assets

6,774 

258 

337 

7,369 

7,898 

7,969 

Equity and liabilities

 






Equity

 






Shareholders' equity

1,501 

124 

263 

1,888 

1,860 

1,783 

Non-controlling interests  

Total equity

1,501 

124 

263 

1,888 

1,863 

1,788 

Liabilities

 






Core structural borrowing of shareholder-financed operations

250 

250 

 250 

250 

Intra-group debt represented by operational borrowings at Group level note (ii)

2,568 

2,568 

2,633 

2,956 

Net asset value attributable to unit holders of consolidated unit trusts and similar funds note (iii)

313 

313 

516 

678 

Other non-insurance liabilitiesnote (iii) and (iv)

2,142 

134 

74 

2,350 

2,636 

2,297 

Total liabilities

5,273 

134 

74 

5,481 

6,035 

6,181 

Total equity and liabilities

6,774 

258 

337 

7,369 

7,898 

7,969 

 

Notes

(i)      M&G includes those assets and liabilities in respect of Prudential Capital.

(ii)     Intra-group debt represented by operational borrowings at Group level

Operational borrowings for M&G are in respect of Prudential Capital's short-term fixed income security programme and comprise:

 



30 Jun

2012

30 Jun

2011

31 Dec

2011



£m 

£m 

£m 


Commercial paper

 2,318 

 2,384 

2,706 


Medium-term notes

250 

249 

250 


Total intra-group debt represented by operational borrowings at Group level

2,568 

2,633 

2,956 

 

(iii)    Consolidated investment funds

The M&G statement of financial position shown above includes investment funds which are managed on behalf of third parties. In respect of these funds, the statement of financial position includes the following, which are non-recourse to M&G and the Group:

 




30 Jun 

2012 

30 Jun 

2011 

31 Dec 

2011 




£m 

£m 

£m 








Cash and cash equivalents


305 

357 

348 


Total investments


88 

193 

415 


Other net assets and liabilities


(80)

(34)

(85)


Net asset value attributable to unit holders of consolidated unit trusts and similar funds


(313)

(516)

(678)


Shareholders' equity


 

(iv)    Other non-insurance liabilities consist primarily of intra-group balances, derivative liabilities and other creditors.

 

P     Goodwill attributable to shareholders

 

  

30 Jun

 2012

30 Jun

 2011

31 Dec

 2011

  

 £m 

£m

 £m 

Cost




At beginning of period

1,585 

1,586 

1,586 

Exchange differences

(1)

At end of period

1,587 

1,589 

1,585 

Aggregate impairment

(120)

(120)

(120)

Net book amount at end of period

1,467 

1,469 

1,465 

 

Goodwill attributable to shareholders comprises:

 

  

30 Jun

 2012

30 Jun

 2011

31 Dec

 2011

  

 £m 

£m

 £m 

M&G

1,153 

1,153 

1,153 

Other

314 

316 

312 

  

1,467 

1,469 

1,465 

 

Other represents goodwill amounts allocated to entities in the Asia and US operations. Other goodwill amounts are individually not material.

 

Q     Deferred acquisition costs and other intangible assets attributable to shareholders

 

Significant costs are incurred in connection with acquiring new insurance business. Except for acquisition costs of with-profits contracts of the UK regulated with-profits funds, which are accounted for under the realistic FSA regimes, these costs are accounted for in a way that is consistent with the principles of the ABI SORP with deferral and amortisation against margins in future revenues on the related insurance policies. In general, this deferral is presentationally shown by an explicit carrying value for deferred acquisition costs (DAC) in the balance sheet. However, in some Asia operations the deferral is implicit through the reserving methodology. The recoverability of the explicitly and implicitly deferred acquisition costs is measured and is deemed impaired if the projected margins are less than the carrying value. To the extent that the future margins differ from those anticipated, an adjustment to the carrying value will be necessary. For UK regulated with-profits funds where the realistic FSA regime is applied, the basis of setting liabilities is such that it would be inappropriate for acquisition costs to be deferred, therefore these costs are expensed as incurred.

 

The deferral and amortisation of acquisition costs is of most relevance to the Group's results for shareholder-financed long-term business of Jackson and Asia operations. The majority of the UK shareholder-backed business is individual and group annuity business where the incidence of acquisition costs is negligible.

 

The deferred acquisition costs and other intangible assets attributable to shareholders comprise:

 

 

30 Jun

 2012

  30 Jun

2011*

31 Dec

 2011*

 

£m 

£m

£m 

 


 

  

Deferred acquisition costs related to insurance contracts as classified under IFRS 4

3,919 

3,628 

3,805 

Deferred acquisition costs related to investment management contracts, including life assurance contracts classified as financial instruments and investment management contracts under IFRS 4

103 

107 

107 

 

4,022 

3,735 

3,912 

Present value of acquired in-force policies for insurance contracts as classified under IFRS 4 (PVIF)

62 

68 

64 

Other intangibles**

249 

257 

258 

 

311 

325 

322 

Total of deferred acquisition costs and other intangible assets

4,333 

4,060 

4,234 

 


  

Deferred acquisition costs

  


 

 


  

UK 

US

note (i) 

Asia 

Asset
 management 

PVIF and

 Other 

 intangibles 

Total

 30 Jun

 2012

Total

 30 Jun

2011*

Total 

31 Dec 

 2011 *


  

£m 

£m 

£m 

£m 

£m 

£m 

£m 

£m 

Balance at beginning of period:


  



  


 

 


As previously reported

111 

3,880 

744 

12 

322 

5,069 

4,667 

4,667 


Effect of change in accounting policynote B

-

(785)

(50)

-

-

(835)

(766)

(766)

After effect of change

111 

3,095 

694 

12 

322 

4,234 

3,901 

3,901 

Additions

398 

130 

14 

549 

618 

1,117 

Amortisation to the income statement:


  



  


 

 


Operating profit

(10)

(179)

(97)

(2)

(23)

(311)

(385)

(792)


Amortisation related to short-term fluctuations in investment returns

80 

80 

68 

287 

  

(10)

(99)

(97)

(2)

(23)

(231)

(317)

(505)

Exchange differences

(28)

(8)

(2)

(38)

(71)

(2)

Change in shadow DAC related to movement in unrealised appreciation of Jackson's securities classified as available-for-sale

(181)

(181)

(71)

(275)

Disposals

-

-

(2)

Balance at end of period

107 

3,185 

719 

11 

311 

4,333 

4,060 

4,234 

* The 2011 comparative results have been adjusted from those previously published for the retrospective application of the improvement in accounting policy described in note B.

**    In the second half of 2011, the Group made a reclassification of computer software from tangible assets to other intangible assets. Accordingly, for the 30 June 2011 position, computer software with a net book value of £56 million has been transferred from tangible assets (as previously published) to other intangible assets. This is only a presentational adjustment with no impact on the Group's results or shareholders' equity.

 

Note

(i)      The DAC amount in respect of US insurance operations comprises amounts in respect of:

 


30 Jun

2012

30 Jun

2011*

31 Dec

2011*


£m 

£m 

£m 

Variable annuity business

3,287 

2,451 

2,960 

Other business

794 

962 

855 

Cumulative shadow DAC (for unrealised gains/losses booked in other comprehensive income)

(896)

(491)

(720)

Total DAC for US operations

3,185 

2,922 

3,095 

* The 2011 comparative results have been adjusted from those previously published for the retrospective application of the improvement in accounting policy described in note B.

 

Overview of the deferral and amortisation of acquisition costs for Jackson

Under IFRS 4, the Group applies 'grandfathered' US GAAP for measuring the insurance assets and liabilities of Jackson. In the case of Jackson term business, acquisition costs are deferred and amortised in line with expected premiums. For annuity and interest-sensitive life business, acquisition costs are deferred and amortised in line with a combination of historical and future expected gross profits on the relevant contracts. For fixed and indexed annuity and interest-sensitive life business, the key assumption is the long-term spread between the earned rate on investments and the rate credited to policyholders, which is based on an annual spread analysis. Expected gross profits also depend on mortality assumptions, assumed unit costs and terminations other than deaths (including the related charges), all of which are based on a combination of actual experience of Jackson, industry experience and future expectations. A detailed analysis of actual mortality, lapse, and expense experience is performed using internally developed experience studies.

As with fixed and indexed annuity and interest-sensitive life business, acquisition costs for Jackson's variable annuity products are amortised in line with the emergence of profits. The measurement of the amortisation in part reflects current period fees (including those for guaranteed minimum death, income, or withdrawal benefits) earned on assets covering liabilities to policyholders, and the historical and expected level of future gross profits which depends on the assumed level of future fees, as well as components related to mortality, lapse, and expense.

Change of accounting policy

As explained in note B, the Company has adopted the US Financial Accounting Standards Board requirements in EITF Update No 2010-26 on 'Accounting for Costs Associated with Acquiring or Renewing Insurance Contracts' from 1 January 2012 into Prudential's Group IFRS reporting for the results of Jackson and those Asia operations whose IFRS insurance assets and liabilities are measured principally by reference to US GAAP principles. Under the Update insurers are required to capitalise only those incremental costs directly relating to acquiring a contract from 1 January 2012. For Group IFRS reporting the Company has chosen to apply this new basis retrospectively for the results of these operations.

On application of the new policy for Jackson the deferred costs balance for business in force at 31 December 2011 was retrospectively reduced from £3,880 million to £3,095 million. 

Mean reversion technique

Under US GAAP (as 'grandfathered' under IFRS 4) the projected gross profits, against which  acquisition costs are amortised, reflect an assumed long-term level of equity return which, for Jackson, is 8.4 per cent after deduction of net external fund management fees. This is applied to the period end level of separate account assets after application of a mean reversion technique that removes a portion of the effect of levels of short-term variability in current market returns.

Under the mean reversion technique applied by Jackson, the projected level of return for each of the next five years is adjusted from period to period so that in combination with the actual rates of return for the preceding two years and the current year, the 8.4 per cent annual return is realised on average over the entire eight-year period. Projected returns after the mean reversion period revert back to the 8.4 per cent assumption.

However, to ensure that the methodology does not over anticipate a reversion to trend following adverse markets, the mean reversion technique has a cap and floor feature whereby the projected returns in each of the next five years can be no more than 15 per cent per annum and no less than 0 per cent per annum (both after deduction of net external fund management fees) in each year. The capping feature was relevant in late 2008, 2009 and 2010 due to the very sharp market falls in 2008. Notwithstanding this capping feature the mean reversion technique gave rise to a benefit in 2008 of £110 million. This benefit was effectively 'paid back' under the mean reversion technique through charges for accelerated amortisation in 2011, as discussed below. 

At 31 December 2011, the projected rate of return for the next five years was less than 8.4 per cent. If Jackson had not applied the mean reversion methodology and had instead applied a constant 8.4 per cent from asset values at 31 December 2011, the Jackson DAC balance would have increased by approximately £30 million from £ 3,095 million to £ 3,125 million. 

 

Sensitivity of amortisation charge

The amortisation charge to the income statement is reflected in operating profit and short-term fluctuations in investment returns. The amortisation charge to the operating profit in a reporting period comprises:

i)       a core amount that reflects a relatively stable proportion of underlying profits; and

ii)      an element of acceleration or deceleration arising from market movements differing from expectations.

In periods where the cap and floor feature of the mean reversion technique are not relevant, the technique operates to dampen the second element above. Nevertheless, extreme market movements can cause material acceleration or deceleration of amortisation in spite of this dampening effect.

Further, in those periods where the cap or floor is relevant, the mean reversion technique provides no further dampening and additional volatility may result.

 

Half year and full year 2011

In half and full year 2011, the DAC amortisation charge to operating profit included £66 million and £190 million of accelerated amortisation respectively. These amounts reflected the combined effect of:

(i)      The separate account performance in the periods (half year 2011: 4 per cent; full year 2011: negative 4 per cent, net of all fees) as it compared with the assumed level for the period; and

(ii)     The reduction in the previously assumed future rates of return for the upcoming 5 years from 15 per cent, to a level nearer the middle of the corridor (of 0 per cent and 15 per cent), so that in combination with the historical returns, the 8-year average in the mean reversion calculation was the 8.4 per cent assumption.

The reduction in assumed future rates reflected in large part the elimination from the calculation in 2011, of the 2008 negative returns. Setting aside other complications and the growth in the book, the 2011 accelerated amortisation can be broadly equated as 'paying back' the benefit experienced in 2008.

 

Half year 2012

In half year 2012, the DAC amortisation charge to operating profit was determined after including a credit for decelerated amortisation of £25 million. This amount primarily reflects the separate account performance of 5 per cent, net of all fees, over the assumed level for the period. 

 

Full year 2012

The sensitivity for the full year 2012 remains broadly the same as previously published with the 2011 full year results, namely that on the assumption that market returns for 2012 are within the range of negative 15 per cent to positive 15 per cent, the estimated effect on the amortisation charge, is a range from acceleration of £100 million to deceleration of £100 million.

 

R    Valuation bases for Group assets

 

The accounting carrying values of the Group's assets reflect the requirements of IFRS. For financial investments the basis of valuation reflects the Group's application of IAS 39 'Financial Instruments: Recognition and Measurement' as described further below. The basis applied for the assets section of the statement of financial position at 30 June 2012 is summarised below:

 


  


 




   




 

 


  

30 June 2012


30 June 2011*



31 December 2011*


  

At fair

 value

Cost/

 Amortised

 cost

note (i)

Total


At fair

 value

Cost/

Amortised

 cost

 note (i)

Total


At fair

 value

Cost/ Amortised

 cost

note (i)

Total


  

£m

£m

£m


£m

£m  

£m


£m

£m

£m

Intangible assets attributable to shareholders:


 




   




 

 


Goodwill note P

1,467 

1,467 


1,469   

1,469 


1,465 

1,465 


Deferred acquisition costs and other intangible assets note Q

4,333 

4,333 


4,060   

4,060 


4,234 

4,234 


Total

5,800 

5,800 


5,529   

5,529 


5,699 

5,699 

Intangible assets attributable to with-profits funds:


 




   




 

 


In respect of acquired subsidiaries for venture fund and other investment purposes

178 

178 


169   

169 


178 

178 


Deferred acquisition costs and other intangible assets

84 

84 


93   

93 



89 

89 


Total

262 

262 


262   

262 


267 

267 

Total

6,062 

6,062 


5,791   

5,791 


5,966 

5,966 

Other non-investment and non-cash assets:


 




   




 

 


Property, plant and equipment

798 

798 


705   

705 


748 

748 


Reinsurers' share of insurance contract liabilities

1,703 

1,703 


1,334   

1,334 


1,647 

1,647 


Deferred tax assets note K

2,179 

2,179 


2,120   

2,120 


2,276 

2,276 


Current tax recoverable

308 

308 


384   

384 


546 

546 


Accrued investment income

2,713 

2,713 


2,460   

2,460 


2,710 

2,710 


Other debtors

1,827 

1,827 



1,638   

1,638 


987 

987 


Total

9,528 

9,528 


8,641   

8,641 


8,914 

8,914 

Investments of long-term business and other operations:note (ii)


 




   




 

 


Investment properties

10,822 

10,822 


10,965 

-   

10,965 


10,757 

10,757 


Investments accounted for using the equity method

112 

112 


71   

71 


70 

70 


Loans note S

285 

9,696 

9,981 


245 

8,772   

9,017 


279 

9,435 

9,714 


Equity securities and portfolio holdings in unit trusts

90,542 

90,542 


91,037 

-   

91,037 


87,349 

87,349 


Debt securities note T

128,269 

128,269 


117,213 

-   

117,213 


124,498 

124,498 


Other investments  

8,143 

8,143 


6,121 

-   

6,121 


7,509 

7,509 


Deposits  

12,429 

12,429 


10,858   

10,858 


10,708 

10,708 


Total

238,061 

22,237 

260,298 


225,581 

19,701   

245,282 


230,392 

20,213 

250,605 

Properties held for sale  


394 

-   

394 


Cash and cash equivalents  

6,737 

6,737 


8,589   

8,589 


7,257 

7,257 

Total assets

238,061 

44,564 

282,625 


225,975 

42,722   

268,697 


230,395 

42,350 

272,745 

Percentage of Group total assets

84%

16%

100%


84%

16%  

100%


84%

16%

100%

* The 2011 comparative results have been adjusted from those previously published for the retrospective application of the improvement in accounting policy described in note B.

 

Notes

(i)      Assets carried at cost or amortised cost are subject to impairment testing where appropriate under IFRS requirements. This category also includes assets which are valued by reference to specific IFRS standards such as reinsurers' share of insurance contract liabilities, deferred tax assets and investments accounted for under the equity method.

(ii)     Realised gains and losses on the Group's investments for half year 2012 amounted to a net gain of £3.6 billion (half year 2011: £2.5 billion; full year 2011: £4.3 billion).

 

Determination of fair value

 

The fair values of the financial assets and liabilities of the Group have been determined on the following bases.

The fair values of the financial instruments for which fair valuation is required under IFRS are determined by the use of current market bid prices for exchange-quoted investments, or by using quotations from independent third-parties, such as brokers and pricing services or by using appropriate valuation techniques. Investments valued using valuation techniques include financial investments which by their nature do not have an externally quoted price based on regular trades, and financial investments for which markets are no longer active as a result of market conditions eg market illiquidity. The valuation techniques used include comparison to recent arm's length transactions, reference to other instruments that are substantially the same, discounted cash flow analysis, option adjusted spread models and, if applicable, enterprise valuation. These techniques may include a number of assumptions relating to variables such as credit risk and interest rates. Changes in assumptions relating to these variables could positively or negatively impact the reported fair value of these instruments. When determining the inputs into the valuation techniques used priority is given to publicly available prices from independent sources when available, but overall the source of pricing is chosen with the objective of arriving at a fair value measurement which reflects the price at which an orderly transaction would take place between market participants on the measurement date.

The fair value estimates are made at a specific point in time, based upon available market information and judgments about the financial instruments, including estimates of the timing and amount of expected future cash flows and the credit standing of counterparties. Such estimates do not reflect any premium or discount that could result from offering for sale at one time the Group's entire holdings of a particular financial instrument, nor do they consider the tax impact of the realisation of unrealised gains or losses from selling the financial instrument being fair valued. In some cases the disclosed value cannot be realised in immediate settlement of the financial instrument.

The loans and receivables have been shown net of provisions for impairment. The fair value of loans has been estimated from discounted cash flows expected to be received. The rate of discount used was the market rate of interest.

 

The estimated fair value of derivative financial instruments reflects the estimated amount the Group would receive or pay in an arm's length transaction. This amount is determined using quoted prices if exchange listed, quotations from independent third-parties or valued internally using standard market practices. In accordance with the Group's risk management framework, all internally generated valuations are subject to assessment against external counterparties' valuations.

The fair value of other financial liabilities is determined using discounted cash flows of the amounts expected to be paid.

 

Level 1, 2 and 3 fair value measurement hierarchy of Group financial instruments           

The table below includes financial instruments carried at fair value analysed by level of the IFRS 7 'Financial Instruments: Disclosures' defined fair value hierarchy. This hierarchy is based on the inputs to the fair value measurement and reflects the lowest level input that is significant to that measurement.

 

The classification criteria and its application to Prudential can be summarised as follows:

 

Level 1 - quoted prices (unadjusted) in active markets for identical assets and liabilities

Level 1 includes financial instruments where there is clear evidence that the valuation is based on a quoted publicly traded price in an active market (eg exchange listed equities, mutual funds with quoted prices and exchange traded derivatives).

 

Level 2 - inputs other than quoted prices included within level 1 that are observable either directly (ie as prices) or indirectly (ie derived from prices)

Level 2 includes investments where a direct link to an actively traded price is not readily apparent, but which are valued using inputs which are largely observable either directly (ie as prices) or indirectly (ie derived from prices). A significant proportion of the Group's level 2 assets are corporate bonds, structured securities and other non-national government debt securities. These assets, in line with market practice, are generally valued using independent pricing services or third-party broker quotes. These valuations are determined using independent external quotations from multiple sources and are subject to a number of monitoring controls, such as monthly price variances, stale price reviews and variance analysis on prices achieved on subsequent trades.

 

Pricing services, where available, are used to obtain the third-party broker quotes. Where pricing services providers are used, a single valuation is obtained and applied.

 

When prices are not available from pricing services, quotes are sourced directly from brokers. Prudential seeks to obtain a number of quotes from different brokers so as to obtain the most comprehensive information available on their executability. Where quotes are sourced directly from brokers, the price used in the valuation is normally selected from one of the quotes based on a number of factors, including the timeliness and regularity of the quotes and the accuracy of the quotes considering the spreads provided. The selected quote is the one which best represents an executable quote for the security at the measurement date.

 

Generally, no adjustment is made to the prices obtained from independent third parties. Adjustment is made in only limited circumstances, where it is determined that the third-party valuations obtained do not reflect fair value (eg either because the value is stale and/or the values are extremely diverse in range). These are usually securities which are distressed or that could be subject to a debt restructure or where reliable market prices are no longer available due to an inactive market or market dislocation. In these instances, prices are derived using internal valuation techniques including those as described above in this note with the objective of arriving at a fair value measurement which reflects the price at which an orderly transaction would take place between market participants on the measurement date. The techniques used require a number of assumptions relating to variables such as credit risk and interest rates. Examples of such variables include an average credit spread based on the corporate bond universe and the relevant duration of the asset being valued. Prudential measures the input assumptions based on the best available information at the measurement dates. Securities valued in such manner are classified as level 3 where these significant inputs are not based on observable market data.

 

Of the total level 2 debt securities of £97,052 million at 30 June 2012 (30 June 2011: £89,051 million; 31 December 2011: £94,378 million), £7,287 million are valued internally (30 June 2011: £6,644 million; 31 December 2011: £6,847 million). The majority of such securities are valued using matrix pricing, which is based on assessing the credit quality of the underlying borrower to derive a suitable discount rate relative to government securities of a comparable duration. Under matrix pricing, the debt securities are priced taking the credit spreads on comparable quoted public debt securities and applying these to the equivalent debt instruments factoring in a specified liquidity premium. The majority of the parameters used in this valuation technique are readily observable in the market and, therefore, are not subject to interpretation.

 

Level 3 - Significant inputs for the asset or liability that are not based on observable market data (unobservable inputs)

Level 3 includes investments which are internally valued or subject to a significant number of unobservable assumptions (eg private equity funds and certain derivatives which are bespoke or long dated).

At 30 June 2012 the Group held £4,863 million (30 June 2011: £4,423 million; 31 December 2011: £4,565 million), 2 per cent of the fair valued financial investments, net of derivative liabilities (30 June 2011: 2 per cent; 31 December 2011: 2 per cent), within level 3. Of these amounts £3,971 million (30 June 2011: £3,723 million; 31 December 2011: £3,732 million) was held by the Group's participating funds and therefore shareholders' profit and equity are not impacted by movements in the valuation of these financial instruments. At 30 June 2012, the £3,971 million (30 June 2011: £3,723 million; 31 December 2011: £3,732 million) represented 4.6 per cent (30 June 2011: 4.3 per cent; 31 December 2011: 4.3 per cent) of the total fair valued financial instruments, net of derivative liabilities of the participating funds.

Of the £861 million level 3 fair valued financial investments, net of derivative liabilities at 30 June 2012 (30 June 2011: £699 million; 31 December 2011: £800 million), which support non-linked shareholder-backed business (representing 1.4 per cent of the total fair valued financial investments net of derivative liabilities backing this business (30 June 2011: 1.2 per cent; 31 December 2011: 1.3 per cent)), £819 million of net assets are externally valued and £42 million are internally valued (30 June 2011: net assets of £745 million and net liabilities of £(46) million respectively; 31 December 2011: net assets of £757 million and £43 million respectively). These level 3 internal valuations, which represent 0.1 per cent of the total fair valued financial investments net of derivative liabilities supporting non-linked shareholder-backed business at 30 June 2012 (30 June 2011: (0.1) per cent; 31 December 2011: 0.1 per cent), are inherently more subjective than the external valuations.

 

Transfers between levels

During half year 2012, the transfers between levels within the Group's portfolio were primarily transfers from level 1 to 2 of £263 million and from level 3 to 2 of £145 million. These transfers which relate to equity securities and debt securities arose to reflect the change in the observability of the inputs used in valuing these securities.

 



30 June 2012



Level 1

Level 2

Level 3

Total



£m

£m

£m

£m

Analysis of financial investments, net of derivative liabilities by business type





With-profits





Equity securities and portfolio holdings in unit trusts

21,543 

1,388 

475 

23,406 

Debt securities

14,549 

43,849 

532 

58,930 

Other investments (including derivative assets)

295 

1,405 

2,964 

4,664 

Derivative liabilities

(41)

(1,410)

(1,451)

Total financial investments, net of derivative liabilities

36,346 

45,232 

3,971 

85,549 

Percentage of total

42%

53%

5%

100%

Unit-linked and variable annuity separate account





Equity securities and portfolio holdings in unit trusts

65,845 

183 

22 

66,050 

Debt securities

3,843 

5,210 

9,062 

Other investments (including derivative assets)

45 

80 

125 

Derivative liabilities

(8)

(9)

(17)

Total financial investments, net of derivative liabilities

69,725 

5,464 

31 

75,220 

Percentage of total

93%

7%

0%

100%

Non-linked shareholder-backed





Loans

285 

285 

Equity securities and portfolio holdings in unit trusts

1,002 

11 

73 

1,086 

Debt securities

12,069 

47,993 

215 

60,277 

Other investments (including derivative assets)

32 

2,548 

774 

3,354 

Derivative liabilities

(132)

(1,651)

(201)

(1,984)

Total financial investments, net of derivative liabilities

12,971 

49,186 

861 

63,018 

Percentage of total

21%

78%

1%

100%






Group total analysis, including other financial liabilities held at fair value





Group total





Loans

285 

285 

Equity securities and portfolio holdings in unit trusts

88,390 

1,582 

570 

90,542 

Debt securities

30,461 

97,052 

756 

128,269 

Other investments (including derivative assets)

372 

4,033 

3,738 

8,143 

Derivative liabilities

(181)

(3,070)

(201)

(3,452)

Total financial investments, net of derivative liabilities

119,042 

99,882 

4,863 

223,787 

Borrowings attributable to the with-profits fund held at fair value

(41)

(41)

Investment contract liabilities without discretionary participation features held at fair value

(15,221)

(15,221)

Net asset value attributable to unit holders of consolidated unit trusts and similar funds

(2,779)

(466)

(533)

(3,778)

Other financial liabilities held at fair value

(311)

(311)

Total

116,263 

83,843 

4,330 

204,436 

Percentage of total

57%

41%

2%

100%

 



30 June 2011



Level 1

Level 2

Level 3

Total



£m

£m

£m

£m

Analysis of financial investments, net of derivative liabilities by business type



With-profits





Equity securities and portfolio holdings in unit trusts

28,379 

1,269 

361 

30,009 

Debt securities

12,673 

40,755 

721 

54,149 

Other investments (including derivative assets)

133 

1,228 

2,688 

4,049 

Derivative liabilities

(40)

(895)

(47)

(982)

Total financial investments, net of derivative liabilities

41,145 

42,357 

3,723 

87,225 

Percentage of total

47%

49%

4%

100%

Unit-linked and variable annuity separate account





Equity securities and portfolio holdings in unit trusts

60,132 

13 

60,145 

Debt securities

4,148 

4,577 

8,726 

Other investments (including derivative assets)

16 

96 

112 

Derivative liabilities

Total financial investments, net of derivative liabilities

64,296 

4,686 

68,983 

Percentage of total

93%

7%

0%

100%

Non-linked shareholder-backed





Loans

245 

245 

Equity securities and portfolio holdings in unit trusts

755 

23 

105 

883 

Debt securities

10,385 

43,719 

234 

54,338 

Other investments (including derivative assets)

52 

1,298 

610 

1,960 

Derivative liabilities

(36)

(1,117)

(250)

(1,403)

Total financial investments, net of derivative liabilities

11,156 

44,168 

699 

56,023 

Percentage of total

20%

79%

1%

100%







Group total analysis, including other financial liabilities held at fair value




Group total





Loans

245 

245 

Equity securities and portfolio holdings in unit trusts

89,266 

1,305 

466 

91,037 

Debt securities

27,206 

89,051 

956 

117,213 

Other investments (including derivative assets)

201 

2,622 

3,298 

6,121 

Derivative liabilities

(76)

(2,012)

(297)

(2,385)

Total financial investments, net of derivative liabilities

116,597 

91,211 

4,423 

212,231 

Borrowings attributable to the with-profits fund held at fair value

(71)

(71)

Investment contract liabilities without discretionary participation features held at fair value

(14,708)

(14,708)

Net asset value attributable to unit holders of consolidated unit trusts and similar funds

(1,773)

(980)

(450)

(3,203)

Total

114,824 

75,452 

3,973 

194,249 

Percentage of total

59%

39%

2%

100%

 



31 December 2011



Level 1

Level 2

Level 3

Total



£m

£m

£m

£m

Analysis of financial investments, net of derivative liabilities by business type





With-profits





Equity securities and portfolio holdings in unit trusts

24,001 

1,762 

284 

26,047 

Debt securities

13,298 

43,279 

655 

57,232 

Other investments (including derivative assets)

252 

1,378 

2,793 

4,423 

Derivative liabilities

(214)

(1,127)

(1,341)

Total financial investments, net of derivative liabilities

37,337 

45,292 

3,732 

86,361 

Percentage of total

43%

53%

4%

100%

Unit-linked and variable annuity separate account





Equity securities and portfolio holdings in unit trusts

59,662 

198 

30 

59,890 

Debt securities

4,160 

4,698 

8,861 

Other investments (including derivative assets)

18 

95 

113 

Derivative liabilities

(2)

(7)

(9)

Total financial investments, net of derivative liabilities

63,838 

4,984 

33 

68,855 

Percentage of total

93%

7%

0%

100%

Non-linked shareholder-backed





Loans

279 

279 

Equity securities and portfolio holdings in unit trusts

1,175 

176 

61 

1,412 

Debt securities

11,753 

46,401 

251 

58,405 

Other investments (including derivative assets)

30 

2,237 

706 

2,973 

Derivative liabilities

(78)

(1,408)

(218)

(1,704)

Total financial investments, net of derivative liabilities

12,880 

47,685 

800 

61,365 

Percentage of total

21%

78%

1%

100%






Group total analysis, including other financial liabilities held at fair value





Group total





Loans

279 

279 

Equity securities and portfolio holdings in unit trusts

84,838 

2,136 

375 

87,349 

Debt securities

29,211 

94,378 

909 

124,498 

Other investments (including derivative assets)

300 

3,710 

3,499 

7,509 

Derivative liabilities

(294)

(2,542)

(218)

(3,054)

Total financial investments, net of derivative liabilities

114,055 

97,961 

4,565 

216,581 

Borrowings attributable to the with-profits fund held at fair value

(39)

(39)

Investment contract liabilities without discretionary participation features held at fair value

(15,056)

(15,056)

Net asset value attributable to unit holders of consolidated unit trusts and similar funds

(2,586)

(805)

(449)

(3,840)

Other financial liabilities held at fair value

(281)

(281)

Total

111,469 

81,780 

4,116 

197,365 

Percentage of total

57%

41%

2%

100%

 

S     Loans portfolio

 

Loans are accounted for at amortised cost net of impairment except for certain mortgage loans of the UK insurance operations which have been designated at fair value through profit and loss as this loan portfolio is managed and evaluated on a fair value basis. The amounts included in the statement of financial position are analysed as follows:

 


  

30 Jun

2012

30 Jun

2011

31 Dec

2011


  

£m

£m

£m

Insurance operations





UKnote(i)

3,435 

2,401 

3,115 


USnote (ii)

4,168 

4,062 

4,110 


Asianote (iii)

1,171 

1,283 

1,233 

Asset management operations





M&Gnote (iv)

1,207 

1,271 

1,256 

Total

9,981 

9,017 

9,714 

 

Notes

(i)      UK insurance operations

The loans of the Group's UK insurance operations comprise:




30 Jun

2012

30 Jun

2011

31 Dec

2011




£m 

£m 

£m 


SAIF and PAC WPSF






Mortgage loans*

1,282 

269 

1,036 



Policy loans

18 

22 

20 



Other loans**

840 

1,031 

917 



Total PAC WPSF loans

2,140 

1,322 

1,973 


Shareholder-backed






Mortgage loans*

1,290 

1,075 

1,137 



Other loans



Total shareholder-backed loans

1,295 

1,079 

1,142 


Total UK insurance operations loans

3,435 

2,401 

3,115 

*    The mortgage loans are collateralised by properties. £1,161 million of the £1,290 million held for shareholder-backed business relate to lifetime (equity release) mortgage business which have an average loan to property value of 29 per cent.

**  Other loans held by the PAC WPSF are all commercial loans and comprise mainly syndicated loans.

 

(ii)     US insurance operations

The loans of the Group's US insurance operations comprise:


  

30 Jun

2012

30 Jun

2011

31 Dec

2011


  

£m 

£m 

£m 


Mortgage loans

3,623 

3,525 

3,559 


Policy loans

545 

536 

551 


Other loans


Total US insurance operations loans

4,168 

4,062 

4,110 

†   All of the mortgage loans are commercial mortgage loans which are collateralised by properties. The property types are mainly industrial, multi-family residential, suburban office, retail and hotel. The breakdown by property type is as follows:

 



30 Jun

2012

30 Jun

2011

31 Dec

2011



%

%

%


Industrial

27 

27 

28 


Multi-family residential

24 

23 

23 


Office

19 

19 

19 


Retail

19 

20 

19 


Hotels

11 

10 

11 


Other



100 

100 

100 

 

The US insurance operations' commercial mortgage loan portfolio has an average loan size of £6.7 million (30 June 2011: £6.3 million; 31 December 2011: £6.6 million). The portfolio has a current estimated average loan to value of 66 per cent (30 June 2011: 72 per cent; 31 December 2011: 68 per cent) which provides significant cushion to withstand substantial declines in value.

 

At 30 June 2012, Jackson had mortgage loans with a carrying value of £84 million where the contractual terms of the agreements had been restructured. In addition to the regular impairment review afforded all loans in the portfolio, restructured loans are also reviewed for impairment. An impairment will be recorded if the expected cash flows under the newly restructured terms discounted at the original yield (the pre-structured interest rate) are below the carrying value of the loan.

 

   The policy are fully secured by individual life insurance policies or annuity policies. These loans are accounted for at amortised cost, less any impairment.

 

(iii)    Asia insurance operations

         The loans of the Group's Asia insurance operations comprise:

  

30 Jun

2012

30 Jun

2011

31 Dec

2011

  

£m 

£m 

£m 

Mortgage loans

34 

31 

31 

Policy loans

593 

544 

572 

Other loans‡‡

544 

708 

630 

Total Asia insurance operations loans

1,171 

1,283 

1,233 

‡   The mortgage and policy loans are secured by properties and life insurance policies respectively.

‡‡ The majority of the other loans are commercial loans held by the operation in Malaysia and which are all investment graded by two local rating agencies.

 

(iv)    M&G

The M&G loans relate to loans and receivables managed by Prudential Capital. These assets are generally secured but have no external credit ratings. Internal ratings prepared by the Group's asset management operations, as part of the risk management process, are:

 



30 Jun

2012

30 Jun

2011

31 Dec

2011



£m 

£m 

£m 

Loans and receivables internal ratings:





A+ to A-

108 

29 

129 


BBB+ to BBB-

980 

943 

 1,000 


BB+ to BB-

89 

255 

89 


B+ to B-

30 

44 

38 


Total M&G loans

1,207 

1,271 

1,256 

 

All loans in the portfolio are currently paying interest on scheduled coupon dates and no interest due has been capitalised or deferred. All loans are in compliance with their covenants at 30 June 2012. The loans in the portfolio generally have ratchet mechanisms included within the loan agreements at inception so that margins increase over time to encourage early repayment or have had margins increased to reflect revised commercial terms.

 

T       Debt securities portfolio

 

Debt securities are carried at fair value. The amounts included in the statement of financial position are analysed as follows, with further information relating to the credit quality of the Group's debt securities at 30 June 2012 provided in the notes below.

 


  

30 Jun

2012

30 Jun

2011

31 Dec

2011


  

£m

£m

£m

Insurance operations





UK note(i)

79,900 

74,818 

77,953 


US note (ii)

27,061 

25,286 

27,022 


Asia note (iii)

19,433 

15,357 

17,681 

Asset management operationsnote (iv)

1,875 

1,752 

1,842 

Total

128,269 

117,213 

124,498 

 

Notes

(i)    UK insurance operations

 



PAC-with-profits sub-fund


Other funds and subsidiaries


UK insurance operations

 


Scottish Amicable Insurance Fund

Excluding Prudential Annuities Limited

Prudential Annuities Limited

Total


Unit-linked assets

PRIL

Other annuity and long-term business


30 Jun

2012

 Total

30 Jun

2011

Total

31 Dec

2011

 Total


£m

£m

£m

£m


£m

£m

£m


£m

£m

£m

S&P - AAA

464 

4,235 

496 

4,731 


611 

2,886 

455 


9,147 

11,642 

9,928 

S&P - AA+ to AA-

544 

3,827 

714 

4,541 


737 

3,009 

343 


9,174 

7,040 

8,647 

S&P - A+ to A-

1,109 

10,893 

1,303 

12,196 


1,743 

6,382 

846 


22,276 

21,437 

21,474 

S&P - BBB+ to BBB-

899 

9,255 

656 

9,911 


1,224 

3,783 

607 


16,424 

12,775 

15,746 

S&P - Other

241 

2,176 

59 

2,235 


152 

254 

38 


2,920 

3,080 

3,175 


3,257 

30,386 

3,228 

33,614 


4,467 

16,314 

2,289 


59,941 

55,974 

58,970 














Moody's - Aaa

262 

2,510 

1,227 

3,737 


1,186 

2,412 

691 


8,288 

7,898 

7,945 

Moody's - Aa1 to Aa3

37 

340 

85 

425 


109 

429 

87 


1,087 

687 

651 

Moody's - A1 to A3

39 

473 

62 

535 


52 

428 

53 


1,107 

772 

1,008 

Moody's - Baa1 to Baa3

52 

539 

164 

703 


99 

321 

41 


1,216 

1,001 

1,030 

Moody's - Other

13 

170 

178 


41 

29 


268 

404 

242 


403 

4,032 

1,546 

5,578 


1,487 

3,619 

879 


11,966 

10,762 

10,876 

Fitch

21 

208 

77 

285 


31 

164 

19 


520 

475 

492 

Other

307 

4,058 

932 

4,990 


150 

1,922 

104 


7,473 

7,607 

7,615 

Total debt securities

3,988 

38,684 

5,783 

44,467 


6,135 

22,019 

3,291 


79,900 

74,818 

77,953 

 

Where no external ratings are available, internal ratings produced by the Group's asset management operation, which are prepared on the Company's assessment of a comparable basis to external ratings, are used where possible. The £7,473 million total debt securities held at 30 June 2012 (30 June 2011: £7,607 million; 31 December 2011: £7,615 million) which are not externally rated are either internally rated or unrated. These are analysed as follows:

 



30 Jun

2012

£m 

30 Jun

2011

£m 

31 Dec

2011

£m 

Internal ratings or unrated:





AAA to A-

2,847 

2,276 

2,726 


BBB to B-

3,599 

3,791 

3,773 


Below B- or unrated

1,027 

1,540 

1,116 


Total

7,473 

7,607 

7,615 

 

The majority of unrated debt security investments were held in SAIF and the PAC with-profits fund and relate to convertible debt and other investments which are not covered by ratings analysts nor have an internal rating attributed to them. Of the £2,026 million PRIL and other annuity and long-term business investments which are not externally rated, £6 million were internally rated AAA, £313 million AA, £641 million A, £838 million BBB, £112 million BB and £116 million were internally rated B+ and below or unrated.

 

(ii)     US insurance operations

US insurance operations held total debt securities with a carrying value of £27,061 million at 30 June 2012 (30 June 2011: £25,286 million; 31 December 2011: £27,022 million). The table below provides information relating to the credit risk of the aforementioned debt securities.

 



30 Jun 

2012 

30 Jun 

2011 

Summary

 £m 

 £m 

 £m 






Corporate and government security and commercial loans:




Government

2,107 

1,758 


Publicly traded and SEC Rule 144A securities

16,724 

14,872 


Non-SEC Rule 144A securities

3,263 

3,058 

3,198 


Total

22,094 

19,688 

21,642 

Residential mortgage-backed securities

2,282 

2,536 

Commercial mortgage-backed securities

2,129 

2,274 

Other debt securities

556 

788 

620 

Total debt securities

27,061 

25,286 

27,022 

 

The following table summarises the securities detailed above by rating as at 30 June 2012 using Standard and Poor's (S&P), Moody's, Fitch and implicit ratings of mortgage-backed securities (MBS) based on NAIC valuations:

 


 

30 Jun 

2012 

30 Jun 

 2011 *

31 Dec 

2011 


 

£m 

£m 

£m 

S&P - AAA

 71 

 3,252 

133 

S&P - AA+ to AA-

 4,187 

 835 

4,476 

S&P - A+ to A-

 6,767 

 5,490 

6,382 

S&P - BBB+ to BBB-

 8,516 

 7,872 

8,446 

S&P - Other

 954 

 939 

999 


 

20,495 

18,388 

20,436 

Moody's - Aaa

69 

110 

62 

Moody's - Aa1 to Aa3

17 

14 

15 

Moody's - A1 to A3

24 

34 

29 

Moody's - Baa1 to Baa3

63 

73 

67 

Moody's - Other

21 

60 

17 


 

194 

291 

190 

Implicit ratings of MBS based on NAIC valuations (see below)

 

  



NAIC 1

2,577 

2,914 

2,577 


NAIC 2

114 

209 

147 


NAIC 3-6

289 

222 

368 


 

2,980 

3,345 

3,092 

Fitch

220 

97 

184 

Other **

3,172 

3,165 

3,120 

Total debt securities

27,061 

25,286 

27,022 

 

In the table above, with the exception of some mortgage-backed securities, S&P ratings have been used where available. For securities where S&P ratings are not immediately available, those produced by Moody's and then Fitch have been used as alternatives.

 

For some mortgage-backed securities within Jackson, the table above includes these securities using the regulatory ratings detail issued by the NAIC. These regulatory ratings levels were established by external third parties (PIMCO for residential mortgage-backed securities and BlackRock Solutions for commercial mortgage-backed securities).

 

*    The movement in the S&P AAA rated debt securities in the second half of 2011 reflects the downgrade of US Sovereign debt to AA+ in the period.

 

**  The amounts within 'Other' which are not rated by S&P, Moody's nor Fitch, nor are MBS securities using the revised regulatory ratings, have the following NAIC classifications:

 


30 Jun 

2012 

30 Jun 

2011 

31 Dec 

2011 


£m 

£m 

£m 

NAIC 1

1,279 

1,217 

1,258 

NAIC 2

1,823 

1,861 

1,792 

NAIC 3-6

70 

87 

70 


3,172 

3,165 

3,120 

 

(iii)  Asia insurance operations









With-profits business

Unit-linked assets

Other

 business

30 Jun

2012

Total

30 Jun

2011

Total

31 Dec

2011

Total


£m

£m

£m

£m

£m

£m

S&P - AAA

605 

20 

40 

665 

2,370 

1,423 

S&P - AA+ to AA-

2,877 

84 

1,868 

4,829 

1,981 

3,843 

S&P - A+ to A-

1,843 

582 

1,088 

3,513 

3,070 

3,055 

S&P - BBB+ to BBB-

1,204 

79 

366 

1,649 

1,066 

1,451 

S&P - Other

1,081 

578 

765 

2,424 

1,787 

2,137 


7,610 

1,343 

4,127 

13,080 

10,274 

11,909 

Moody's - Aaa

691 

233 

475 

1,399 

1,344 

1,489 

Moody's - Aa1 to Aa3

62 

70 

10 

142 

129 

128 

Moody's - A1 to A3

210 

32 

62 

304 

146 

304 

Moody's - Baa1 to Baa3

139 

183 

68 

390 

52 

131 

Moody's - Other

72 

14 

14 

100 

64 

59 


1,174 

532 

629 

2,335 

1,735 

2,111 

Fitch

27 

18 

29 

74 

146 

351 

Other

1,664 

1,034 

1,246 

3,944 

3,202 

3,310 

Total debt securities

10,475 

2,927 

6,031 

19,433 

15,357 

17,681 

 

The following table analyses debt securities of 'Other business' which are not externally rated:

 





30 Jun

2012

Total

30 Jun

2011

Total

31 Dec

2011

Total





£m

£m

£m

Government bonds




352 

387 

244 

Corporate bonds rated as investment grade by local external ratings agencies




854 

626 

776 

Structured deposits issued by banks which are themselves rated, but where the specific deposits are not rated




113 

Other




40 

25 

45 





1,246 

1,151 

1,065 

 

(iv)    Asset Management Operations

Of the total debt securities at 30 June 2012 of £1,875 million, £1,867 million was held by M&G.




30 Jun

2012

30 Jun

2011

31 Dec

2011




£m 

£m 

£m 

M&G





AAA to A- by Standard and Poor's or Aaa rated by Moody's

1,620 

1,573 

1,547 


Other

247 

166 

287 

Total M&G

1,867 

1,739 

1,834 

 

(v)     Group exposure to holdings in asset-backed securities

The Group's exposure to holdings in asset-backed securities, which comprise residential mortgage-backed securities (RMBS), commercial mortgage-backed securities (CMBS), collateralised debt obligations (CDO) funds and other asset-backed securities (ABS), at 30 June 2012 is as follows:

 

 

30 Jun

2012

30 Jun

2011

31 Dec

2011

 

£m 

£m 

£m

Shareholder-backed operations (excluding assets held in unit-linked funds):




UK insurance operations note (a)

1,538 

993 

1,358 

US insurance operations note (b)

4,967 

5,598 

5,380 

Asia insurance operations 

172 

110 

176 

Other operations note (d)

622 

659 

594 

 

7,299 

7,360 

7,508 

With-profits operations:




UK insurance operations note (a)

5,743 

5,602 

5,351 

Asia insurance operations note (c)

407 

263 

454 

 

6,150 

5,865 

5,805 

Total

13,449 

13,225 

13,313 

 

(a)    UK insurance operations

The UK insurance operations' exposure to asset-backed securities at 30 June 2012 comprises:

 

  

30 Jun

2012

30 Jun

2011

31 Dec

2011

  

£m 

£m 

£m

Shareholder-backed business (2012: 37% AAA, 12% AA)*

1,538 

993 

1,358 

With-profits operations (2012: 61% AAA, 8% AA)**

5,743 

5,602 

5,351 

Total

7,281 

6,595 

6,709 

 

*   All of the exposure of the shareholder-backed business relates to the UK market and primarily relates to investments held by PRIL.

**Of the £5,743 million exposure of the with-profits operations at 30 June 2012 (30 June 2011: £5,602 million; 31 December 2011; £5,351 million), £1,683 million (30 June 2011: £1,242 million; 31 December 2011: £1,314 million) relates to exposure to the US markets and with the remaining exposure being primarily to the UK market.

 

(b)   US insurance operations

US insurance operations' exposure to asset-backed securities at 30 June 2012 comprises:

 



30 Jun

2012

30 Jun

2011

31 Dec

2011



£m 

£m 

£m 

RMBS Sub-prime (2012: 21% AAA, 3% AA)**

213 

218 

207 


Alt-A (2012: 12% AAA, 4% AA)

281 

390 

310 


Prime including agency (2012: 3% AAA, 77% AA)

1,788 

1,928 

2,074 

CMBS (2012: 36% AAA, 10% AA)**

2,129 

2,274 

2,169 

CDO funds (2012: 0% AAA, 1% AA)*, including £nil exposure to sub-prime

37 

107 

44 

Other ABS (2012: 16% AAA, 18% AA), including £6.4 million exposure to sub-prime

519 

681 

576 

Total

4,967 

5,598 

5,380 

* Including the Group's economic interest in Piedmont and other consolidated CDO funds.

** MBS ratings refer to the ratings implicit within NAIC risk-based capital valuation see note C (a).

 

(c)    Asia insurance operations

The Asia insurance operations' exposure to asset-backed securities is primarily held by the with-profits operations.

 

The £407 million (30 June 2011: £263 million; 31 December 2011: £454 million) asset-backed securities exposure of the Asia with-profits operations comprises:

 


30 Jun

2012

30 Jun

2011

31 Dec

2011


£m 

£m 

£m 

CMBS

 124 

 88 

 149 

CDO funds and ABS

 283 

 175 

 305 

Total

407 

263 

454 

 

The £407 million includes £332 million (30 June 2011: £176 million; 31 December 2011: £398 million) held by investment funds consolidated under IFRS in recognition of the control arrangements for those funds and include an amount not owned by the Group with a corresponding liability of £22 million (30 June 2011: £7 million; 31 December 2011: £20 million) on the statement of financial position for net asset value attributable to external unit-holders in respect of these funds, which are non-recourse to the Group. Of the £407 million, 61 per cent (30 June 2011: 52 per cent; 31 December 2011: 75 per cent) are investment graded by Standard and Poor's.

 

(d)     Other operations

Other operations' exposure to asset-backed securities at 30 June 2012 is held by Prudential Capital and comprises:

 


30 Jun

2012

30 Jun

2011

31 Dec

2011


£m

£m

£m

RMBS: Prime (2012: 92% AAA, 4% AA)

363 

340 

340 

CMBS (2012: 30% AAA, 14% AA)

132 

185 

146 

CDO funds and other ABS - all without sub-prime exposure (2012: 99% AAA)

127 

134 

108 

Total

622 

659 

594 

 

vi     Group sovereign debt exposure

 

The exposure of the Group's shareholder and with-profits funds to sovereign debt (including credit default swaps that are referenced to sovereign debt) at 30 June 2012 is as follows:

 




30 Jun 2012

31 Dec 2011



 

Shareholder

sovereign

debt 

With-profits

sovereign

debt 

Shareholder

sovereign

debt 

With-profits

sovereign

debt 



 

£m

£m

£m

£m

Continental Europe







Italy

44 

54 

43 

52 



Spain

36 

33 




45 

90 

44 

85 


Germany

463 

530 

598 

602 


Other Europe (principally Isle of Man and Belgium)

58 

47 

48 

62 




566 

667 

690 

749 

United Kingdom

3,323 

2,303 

3,254 

2,801 

United States

2,365 

3,305 

2,448 

2,615 

Other, predominantly Asia

2,888 

341 

2,850 

332 

Total

9,142 

6,616 

9,242 

6,497 

 

Sovereign debt represented 15 per cent or £9.1 billion of the debt portfolio backing shareholder business at 30 June 2012 (31 December 2011: 16 per cent or £9.2 billion). 43 per cent of this was rated AAA and 91 per cent investment grade (31 December 2011: 43 per cent AAA, 94 per cent investment grade). At 30 June 2012, the Group's total holding in continental Europe shareholder sovereign debt fell from £690 million at 31 December 2011 to £566 million, principally due to a reduction in the level of German debt held from £598 million to £463 million. Of the total £566 million debt, 82 per cent was AAA rated (31 December 2011: 87 per cent AAA rated). Shareholder exposure to the Eurozone sovereigns of Portugal, Italy, Ireland, Greece and Spain (PIIGS) is £45 million (31 December 2011: £44 million). The Group does not have any sovereign debt exposure to Greece, Portugal or Ireland. 

 

Exposure to bank debt securities

 

The Group held the following direct exposures to bank debt securities of shareholder-backed business at 30 June 2012.

 

 

Bank debt securities - shareholder-backed business


Senior debt

Subordinated debt


 

Covered 

Senior 

Total senior 

 debt 

Tier 2 

Tier 1 

Total 

 subordinated 

 debt 

30 Jun 2012

Total

 

£m

£m

£m

£m

£m

£m

£m

Portugal

 - 

 26 

 26 

 - 

 - 

 - 

 26 

Ireland

 - 

 14 

 14 

 - 

 - 

 - 

 14 

Italy

 - 

 11 

 11 

 56 

 - 

 56 

 67 

Greece

 - 

 - 

 - 

 - 

 - 

 - 

 - 

Spain

 137 

 10 

 147 

 42 

 3 

 45 

 192 


 137 

 61 

 198 

 98 

 3 

 101 

 299 

Austria

 - 

 - 

 - 

 10 

 - 

 10 

 10 

Belgium

 - 

 - 

 - 

 - 

 - 

 - 

 - 

France

 17 

 34 

 51 

 58 

 30 

 88 

 139 

Germany

 - 

 31 

 31 

 1 

 - 

 1 

 32 

Luxembourg

 - 

 - 

 - 

 - 

 - 

 - 

 - 

Netherlands

 - 

 11 

 11 

 89 

 66 

 155 

 166 

United Kingdom

 457 

 182 

 639 

 618 

 101 

 719 

 1,358 

Total Europe

 611 

 319 

 930 

 874 

 200 

 1,074 

 2,004 

United States

 - 

 1,434 

 1,434 

 382 

 1 

 383 

 1,817 

Other, predominantly Asia

 20 

 303 

 323 

 339 

 229 

 568 

 891 

Total

 631 

 2,056 

 2,687 

 1,595 

 430 

 2,025 

 4,712 

 

 

Bank debt securities - shareholder-backed business


Senior debt

Subordinated debt


 

Covered 

Senior 

Total senior 

 debt 

Tier 2 

Tier 1 

Total 

 subordinated 

 debt 

31 Dec 2011

Total

 

£m

£m

£m

£m

£m

£m

£m

Portugal

 - 

 24 

 24 

 - 

 - 

 - 

 24 

Ireland

 - 

 13 

 13 

 - 

 - 

 - 

 13 

Italy

 - 

 11 

 11 

 56 

 14 

 70 

 81 

Greece

 - 

 - 

 - 

 - 

 - 

 - 

 - 

Spain

 107 

 11 

 118 

 90 

 2 

 92 

 210 


 107 

 59 

 166 

 146 

 16 

 162 

 328 

Austria

 - 

 - 

 - 

 9 

 - 

 9 

 9 

Belgium

 - 

 - 

 - 

 - 

 - 

 - 

 - 

France

 2 

 34 

 36 

 78 

 35 

 113 

 149 

Germany

 - 

 28 

 28 

 1 

 - 

 1 

 29 

Luxembourg

 - 

 - 

 - 

 - 

 - 

 - 

 - 

Netherlands

 - 

 7 

 7 

 81 

 64 

 145 

 152 

United Kingdom

 228 

 145 

 373 

 615 

 95 

 710 

 1,083 

Total Europe

 337 

 273 

 610 

 930 

 210 

 1,140 

 1,750 

United States

 - 

 1,362 

 1,362 

 352 

 2 

 354 

 1,716 

Other, predominantly Asia

 - 

 246 

 246 

 562 

 33 

 595 

 841 

Total

 337 

 1,881 

 2,218 

 1,844 

 245 

 2,089 

 4,307 

 

In addition to the exposures held by the shareholder-backed business, the Group held the following bank debt securities at 30 June 2012 and 31 December 2011within its with-profits funds.

 

 

Bank debt securities - participating funds


Senior debt

Subordinated debt


 

Covered 

Senior 

Total senior 

 debt 

Tier 2 

Tier 1 

Total 

 subordinated 

 debt 

30 Jun 2012

Total

 

£m

£m

£m

£m

£m

£m

£m

Portugal

 - 

 7 

 7 

 - 

 - 

 - 

 7 

Ireland

 5 

 - 

 5 

 - 

 - 

 - 

 5 

Italy

 - 

 47 

 47 

 49 

 - 

 49 

 96 

Greece

 - 

 - 

 - 

 - 

 - 

 - 

 - 

Spain

 157 

 12 

 169 

 5 

 1 

 6 

 175 


 162 

 66 

 228 

 54 

 1 

 55 

 283 

Austria

 - 

 - 

 - 

 - 

 - 

 - 

 - 

Belgium

 - 

 - 

 - 

 - 

 - 

 - 

 - 

France

 11 

 69 

 80 

 48 

 5 

 53 

 133 

Germany

 - 

 6 

 6 

 - 

 - 

 - 

 6 

Luxembourg

 - 

 - 

 - 

 - 

 - 

 - 

 - 

Netherlands

 - 

 133 

 133 

 - 

 4 

 4 

 137 

United Kingdom

 704 

 435 

 1,139 

 753 

 42 

 795 

 1,934 

Total Europe

 877 

 709 

 1,586 

 855 

 52 

 907 

 2,493 

United States

 - 

 1,720 

 1,720 

 202 

 36 

 238 

 1,958 

Other, predominantly Asia

 9 

 437 

 446 

 202 

 130 

 332 

 778 

Total

 886 

 2,866 

 3,752 

 1,259 

 218 

 1,477 

 5,229 

 

 

Bank debt securities - participating funds


Senior debt

Subordinated debt


 

Covered 

Senior 

Total senior 

 debt 

Tier 2 

Tier 1 

Total 

 subordinated 

 debt 

31 Dec 2011

Total

 

£m

£m

£m

£m

£m

£m

£m

Portugal

 - 

 7 

 7 

 - 

 - 

 - 

 7 

Ireland

 5 

 - 

 5 

 - 

 - 

 - 

 5 

Italy

 - 

 45 

 45 

 49 

 2 

 51 

 96 

Greece

 - 

 - 

 - 

 - 

 - 

 - 

 - 

Spain

 137 

 - 

 137 

 1 

 - 

 1 

 138 


 142 

 52 

 194 

 50 

 2 

 52 

 246 

Austria

 - 

 - 

 - 

 - 

 - 

 - 

 - 

Belgium

 - 

 - 

 - 

 - 

 - 

 - 

 - 

France

 - 

 80 

 80 

 47 

 17 

 64 

 144 

Germany

 - 

 7 

 7 

 - 

 - 

 - 

 7 

Luxembourg

 - 

 7 

 7 

 - 

 - 

 - 

 7 

Netherlands

 - 

 80 

 80 

 14 

 28 

 42 

 122 

United Kingdom

 319 

 385 

 704 

 772 

 74 

 846 

 1,550 

Total Europe

 461 

 611 

 1,072 

 883 

 121 

 1,004 

 2,076 

United States

 - 

 1,378 

 1,378 

 396 

 278 

 674 

 2,052 

Other, predominantly Asia

 1 

 384 

 385 

 341 

 20 

 361 

 746 

Total

 462 

 2,373 

 2,835 

 1,620 

 419 

 2,039 

 4,874 

 

 

U    Debt securities of US insurance operations: Valuation basis, accounting presentation of gains and losses and securities in an unrealised loss position

 

i        Valuation basis

Under IAS 39, unless categorised as 'held to maturity' or 'loans and receivables' debt securities are required to be fair valued. Where available, quoted market prices are used. However, where securities do not have an externally quoted price based on regular trades or where markets for the securities are no longer active as a result of market conditions, IAS 39 requires that valuation techniques be applied. IFRS 7 requires classification of the fair values applied by the Group into a three level hierarchy. At 30 June 2012, 0.1 per cent of Jackson's debt securities were classified as level 3 (30 June 2011: 0.1 per cent; 31 December 2011: 0.1 per cent) comprising of fair values where there are significant inputs which are not based on observable market data.

 

ii       Accounting presentation of gains and losses

With the exception of debt securities of US insurance operations classified as 'available-for-sale' under IAS 39, unrealised value movements on the Group's investments are booked within the income statement. For with-profits operations, such value movements are reflected in changes to asset share liabilities to policyholders or the liability for unallocated surplus. For shareholder-backed operations, the unrealised value movements form part of the total return for the year booked in the profit before tax attributable to shareholders. Separately, as noted elsewhere and in note C in this report, and as applied previously, the Group provides an analysis of this profit distinguishing operating profit based on longer-term investment returns and short-term fluctuations in investment returns.

 

However, for debt securities classified as 'available-for-sale', unless impaired, fair value movements are recognised in other comprehensive income. Realised gains and losses, including impairments, recorded in the income statement are as shown in note F of this report. This classification is applied for most of the debt securities of the Group's US insurance operations.

 

iii     Half year 2012 movements in unrealised gains and losses

In half year 2012 there was a movement in the statement of financial position value for debt securities classified as available-for-sale from a net unrealised gain of £2,057 million to a net unrealised gain of £2,522 million. This increase reflects the effects of lower interest rates. The gross unrealised gain in the statement of financial position increased from £2,303 million at 31 December 2011 to £2,679 million at 30 June 2012, while the gross unrealised loss decreased from £246 million at 31 December 2011 to £157 million at 30 June 2012.

 

These features are included in the table shown below of the movements in the values of available-for-sale securities.

 


  

30 Jun

2012

Changes in Unrealised appreciation**

Foreign exchange translation

31 Dec

2011


  


Reflected as part of movement in comprehensive income



  

£m  

£m 

£m 

£m 

Assets fair valued at below book value






Book value*

1,670 



2,455 


Unrealised loss(iv)(a), (b)

(157)

87 

(246)


Fair value (as included in statement of financial position)

1,513 



2,209 

Assets fair valued at or above book value






Book value*

22,863 



22,504 


Unrealised gain

2,679 

395 

(19)

2,303 


Fair value (as included in statement of financial position)

25,542 



24,807 

Total






Book value*

24,533 



24,959 


Net unrealised gain (loss)  

2,522 

482 

(17)

2,057 


Fair value (as included in statement of financial position)

27,055 



27,016 

*    Book value represents cost/amortised cost of the debt securities.

**  Translated at the average rate of $1.5768: £1.

    Debt securities for US operations included in the statement of financial position at 30 June 2012 and as referred to in note T, comprise:

 


30 Jun

2012

31 Dec

2011


£m 

£m 

Available-for-sale

27,055 

27,016 

Consolidated investment funds classified as fair value through profit and loss


27,061 

27,022 

 

Included within the movement in gross unrealised losses for the debt securities of Jackson of £87 million as shown above was a net decrease in value of £12 million relating to sub-prime and Alt-A securities for which the carrying values are shown in the 'Fair value of securities as a percentage of book value' table below.

 

iv      Debt securities classified as available-for-sale in an unrealised loss position

The following tables show some key attributes of those securities that are in an unrealised loss position at 30 June 2012.

 

(a)    Fair value of securities as a percentage of book value

The following table shows the fair value of the debt securities in a gross unrealised loss position for various percentages of book value:

 

 

30 Jun

 2012

31 Dec

2011

 

Fair value

Unrealised loss

Fair value

Unrealised loss

 

 £m

£m

 £m

£m

Between 90% and 100%

1,160 

(27)

1,829 

(60)

Between 80% and 90%

190 

(31)

172 

(28)

Below 80% note (d)

163 

(99)

208 

(158)

Total

1,513 

(157)

2,209 

(246)

 

Included within the table above are amounts relating to sub-prime and Alt-A securities of:

 





 

30 Jun

2012

31 Dec

2011

 

Fair value

Unrealised loss

Fair value

Unrealised

loss

 

 £m

£m

£m

£m

Between 90% and 100%

127 

(5)

142 

(7)

Between 80% and 90%

50 

(9)

58 

(11)

Below 80% note(d)

62 

(25)

69 

(35)

Total

239 

(39)

269 

(53)

 

(b)  Unrealised losses by maturity of security


30 Jun

2012

31 Dec

2011


£m

£m

Less than 1 year

 - 

 - 

1 year to 5 years

(2)

(7)

5 years to 10 years

(18)

(28)

More than 10 years

(11)

(28)

Mortgage-backed and other debt securities

(126)

(183)

Total

(157)

(246)

 

(c)  Age analysis of unrealised losses for the years indicated

The following table shows the age analysis of all the unrealised losses in the portfolio by reference to the length of time the securities have been in an unrealised loss position:









30 Jun

2012

31 Dec

2011


Non investment grade

Investment grade

Total

Non investment grade

Investment grade

Total


£m

£m

£m

£m

£m

£m

Less than 6 months

(7)

(15)

(22)

(11)

(31)

(42)

6 months to 1 year

(4)

(6)

(10)

(7)

(8)

(15)

1 year to 2 years

(5)

(3)

(8)

(5)

(1)

(6)

2 years to 3 years

(3)

(3)

(7)

(10)

(17)

More than 3 years

(52)

(62)

(114)

(61)

(105)

(166)

Total

(71)

(86)

(157)

(91)

(155)

(246)

 

At 30 June 2012, the gross unrealised losses in the statement of financial position for the sub-prime and Alt-A securities in an unrealised loss position were £39 million (31 December 2011: £53 million), as shown above in note (a). Of these losses £2 million (31 December 2011: £10 million) relate to securities that have been in an unrealised loss position for less than one year and £37 million (31 December 2011: £43 million) to securities that have been in an unrealised loss position for more than one year.

 

(d)     Securities whose fair value were below 80 per cent of the book value

As shown in the table (a) above, £99 million of the £157 million of gross unrealised losses at 30 June 2012 (31 December 2011: £158 million of the £246 million of gross unrealised losses) related to securities whose fair value was below 80 per cent of the book value. The analysis of the £99 million (31 December 2011: £158 million), by category of debt securities and by age analysis indicating the length of time for which their fair value was below 80 per cent of the book value, is as follows:

 




30 Jun 2012

31 Dec 2011

Category analysis

Fair value

Unrealised loss

Fair value

Unrealised loss



£m

£m

£m

£m

Residential mortgage-backed securities






Prime (including agency)

27 

(10)

38 

(16)


Alt - A

11 

(3)

12 

(3)


Sub-prime

51 

(22)

58 

(32)



89 

(35)

108 

(51)

Commercial mortgage-backed securities.

(29)

(29)

Other asset-backed securities

53 

(31)

65 

(58)

Total structured securities

150 

(95)

179 

(138)

Corporates

13 

(4)

29 

(20)

Total

163 

(99)

208 

(158)

 

The following table shows the age analysis as at 30 June 2012, of the securities whose fair value were below 80 per cent of the book value:







30 Jun 2012

30 Dec 2011


Fair value

Unrealised loss

Fair value

Unrealised loss

Age analysis

£m

£m

£m

£m

Less than 3 months

 32 

(10)

 15 

(5)

3 months to 6 months

 - 

 45 

(15)

More than 6 months

131 

(89)

148 

(138)


163 

(99)

208 

(158)

 

V     Net core structural borrowings of shareholder-financed operations

 



  

30 Jun

2012

30 Jun

2011

30 Dec

2011



  

£m

£m

£m

Core structural borrowings of shareholder-financed operations:note (i)





Perpetual subordinated capital securities (Innovative Tier 1)note (ii)

1,808 

1,764 

1,823 


Subordinated notes (Lower Tier 2) note (ii)

830 

1,280 

829 


Subordinated debt total

2,638 

3,044 

2,652 


Senior debtnote (iii)






2023 

300 

300 

300 



2029 

249 

249 

249 


Holding company total

3,187 

3,593 

3,201 


PruCap bank loannote (iv)

250 

250 

250 


Jackson surplus notes (Lower Tier 2)note (ii)

159 

155 

160 

Total (per condensed consolidated statement of financial position)

3,596 

3,998 

3,611 

Less: Holding company cash and short-term investments  





(recorded within the condensed consolidated statement of financial position)note (v)

(1,222)

(1,476)

(1,200)

Net core structural borrowings of shareholder-financed operations

2,374 

2,522 

2,411 

 

Notes

(i)     The maturity profile, currencies and interest rates applicable to the core structural borrowings of shareholder-financed operations of the Group are as detailed in note H13 of the Group's consolidated financial statements for the year ended 31 December 2011. There were no changes in half year 2012 affecting these core structural borrowings.

(ii)    These debt classifications are consistent with the treatment of capital for regulatory purposes, as defined in the FSA handbook. In January 2011, the Company issued US$550 million 7.75 per cent Tier 1 subordinated debt, primarily to retail investors. The proceeds, net of costs, were US$539 million (£340 million) and were used to finance the repayments of the €500 million Tier 2 subordinated debt in December 2011. 

         The Group has designated US$2.85 billion (30 June and 31 December 2011: US$2.85 billion) of its Tier 1 subordinated debt as a net investment hedge under IAS 39 to hedge the currency risks related to the net investment in Jackson.

(iii)   The senior debt ranks above subordinated debt in the event of liquidation.

(iv)   The £250 million PruCap bank loan was made in December 2010 in two tranches: £135 million maturing in June 2014, currently drawn at a cost of twelve month £LIBOR plus 1.2 per cent and £115 million maturing in December 2012, currently drawn at a cost of twelve month £LIBOR plus 0.99 per cent.

(v)    Including central finance subsidiaries.

 

W    Other borrowings

 

  

30 Jun

2012

30 Jun

2011

31 Dec

2011

  

£m 

£m 

£m 

Operational borrowings attributable to shareholder-financed operationsnote (i)




Borrowings in respect of short-term fixed income securities programmes

2,568 

2,633 

2,956 

Non-recourse borrowings of US operations  

20 

34 

21 

Other borrowings note (ii)

216 

245 

363 

Total

2,804 

2,912 

3,340 

Borrowings attributable to with-profits operations




Non-recourse borrowings of consolidated investment funds

742 

1,212 

747 

£100m 8.5% undated subordinated guaranteed bonds of Scottish Amicable Finance plc

100 

100 

100 

Other borrowings (predominantly obligations under finance leases)

113 

128 

125 

Total

955 

1,440 

972 

 

Notes

(i)      In addition to the debt listed above, £200 million Floating Rate Notes were issued by Prudential plc in April 2012 which mature in October 2012. These Notes have been wholly subscribed to by a Group subsidiary and accordingly have been eliminated on consolidation in the Group financial statements. These Notes were originally issued in October 2008 and have been reissued upon their maturity.

(ii)     Other borrowings mainly include amounts whose repayment to the lender is contingent upon future surpluses emerging from certain contracts specified under the arrangement. If insufficient surplus emerges on those contracts, there is no recourse to other assets of the Group and the liability is not payable to the degree of shortfall. In addition, other borrowings include senior debt issued through the Federal Home Loan Bank of Indianapolis (FHLB) and was secured on collateral posted with FHLB by Jackson.

 

The Group has chosen to designate as a fair value hedge under IAS 39 certain fixed to floating rate swaps which hedge the fair value interest rate exposure movements of these borrowings.

 

X     Defined benefit pension schemes

 

The Group asset/liability in respect of defined benefit pension schemes is as follows:

 

Summary Group position

 


  

PSPS

Other

schemes

30 Jun

2012

30 Jun

2011

31 Dec

2011


  

£m

£m

£m

£m

£m

Underlying economic surplusnote (ii)

1,416 

1,425 

754 

1,543 

Less: unrecognised surplus and adjustment for obligation for deficit funding note (ii)

(1,249)

(1,249)

(893)

(1,607)

Economic surplus (deficit) (including investment in Prudential insurance policies)note (ii)

167 

176 

(139)

(64)

Attributable to:  







PAC with-profits fund  

116 

(18)

98 

(74)

(41)


Shareholder-backed operations

51 

27 

78 

(65)

(23)

Consolidation adjustment against policyholder liabilities for investment in Prudential insurance policies

(169)

(169)

(222)

(165)

IAS 19 pension asset (liability) on the Group statement of financial position*

167 

(160)

(361)

(229)

*    At 30 June 2012, the PSPS' pension asset of £167 million and the other schemes' pension liability of £160 million were included within 'Other debtors' and 'Provisions', respectively on the condensed consolidated statement of financial position. The 2011 comparative liabilities of £361 million and £229 million as at 30 June 2011 and 31 December 2011, respectively were included within 'Provisions'.

 

The Group business operations operate a number of pension schemes. The largest defined benefit scheme is the principal UK scheme, namely the Prudential Staff Pension Scheme (PSPS). In the UK, the Group also operates two smaller defined benefit schemes for employees in respect of Scottish Amicable and M&G. For all three schemes the projected unit method was used for the most recent full actuarial valuations. There is also a small defined benefit pension scheme in Taiwan.                 

 

Defined benefit schemes in the UK are generally required to be subject to full actuarial valuation every three years in order to assess the appropriate level of funding for schemes in relation to their commitments. These valuations include assessments of the likely rate of return on the assets held within the separate trustee administered funds. The valuation of PSPS as at 5 April 2011 was finalised in the second quarter of 2012. This valuation demonstrated the scheme to be 111 per cent funded by reference to the Scheme Solvency Target that forms the basis of the scheme's funding objective. As a result of this valuation, future contributions into the scheme have been reduced to the minimum level of contributions required under the scheme rules effective from July 2012. Excluding expenses, the contributions will fall to approximately £6 million per annum from the
£50 million per annum paid previously. The new contributions are only for ongoing service of current employees. No deficit type funding is required. Deficit funding for PSPS, where applicable, is apportioned in the ratio of 70/30 between the PAC with-profits fund and shareholder-backed operations following detailed consideration in 2005 of the sourcing of previous contributions. Employer contributions for ongoing service of current employees are apportioned in the ratio relevant to current activity.

 

The valuation of the Scottish Amicable Pension Scheme (SAPS) as at 31 March 2008 demonstrated the scheme to be 91 per cent funded. Based on this valuation and subsequent agreement with the Trustees, deficit funding of £13.1 million per annum is currently being paid into the scheme. The valuation of SAPS as at 31 March 2011 is currently being finalised, but it is anticipated the current level of funding to continue, extending the Group's commitment to pay deficit funding.

 

The valuation of the M&G pension scheme as at 31 December 2008 demonstrated the scheme to be 76 per cent funded. Based on this valuation, deficit funding amounts designed to eliminate the actuarial deficit over a five year period have been made from January 2010 of £14.1 million per annum for the first two years and £9.3 million per annum for the subsequent three years. During 2011, the Group agreed with the Trustees to pay an additional funding of £1.2 million per annum from January 2012, until the conclusion of the next formal valuation as at 31 December 2011 which is currently in progress.

 

Under the IAS 19 'Employee Benefits' valuation basis, the Group applies IFRIC 14, 'IAS 19 - The Limit on a Defined Benefit Asset, Minimum Funding Requirements and their Interaction'. Under IFRIC 14, a surplus is only recognised to the extent that the Company is able to access the surplus either through an unconditional right of refund to the surplus or through reduced future contributions relating to ongoing service which have been substantively enacted or contractually agreed. Further, the IFRS financial position recorded reflects the higher of any underlying IAS 19 deficit and any obligation for committed deficit funding obligation.

 

For PSPS, the Group does not have unconditional right of refund to any surplus of the scheme. Accordingly, prior to the finalisation of the 5 April 2011 triennial valuation, the Group had not recognised the underlying surplus of PSPS (30 June 2011: £858 million gross of deferred tax; 31 December 2011: £1,588 million gross of deferred tax) and had recognised a liability for deficit funding (30 June 2011: £35 million gross of deferred tax; 31 December 2011: £19 million gross of deferred tax).

 

The underlying IAS 19 surplus for PSPS at 30 June 2012 was £1,416 million. The finalisation of the 5 April 2011 triennial valuation was accompanied by an agreement with the Trustees that additional deficit type funding would no longer be necessary and furthermore, the level of contributions for ongoing service of current employees was reduced to the minimum level required by the scheme rules. As a consequence, a portion of the surplus, being £169 million, is now recognised as recoverable. The £169 million represents the present value of the economic benefits available from the reductions to future ongoing contributions to the scheme. Accordingly, including a £2 million residual obligation for deficit funding from the 2008 valuation agreement, a net surplus of £167 million gross of deferred tax was recognised at 30 June 2012. Of this amount, £116 million was allocated to the PAC with-profits fund and £51 million was allocated to the shareholders' fund.

 

The IAS 19 deficit of the Scottish Amicable Pension Scheme at 30 June 2012 was £35 million (30 June 2011: deficit of £99 million; 31 December 2011: deficit of £55 million) and has been allocated approximately 50 per cent to the PAC with-profits fund and 50 per cent to the shareholders' fund.

 

The IAS 19 surplus of the M&G pension scheme on an economic basis at 30 June 2012 was £44 million (30 June 2011: deficit of £5 million; 31 December 2011: surplus of £10 million) and is wholly attributable to shareholders. The underlying position on an economic basis reflects the assets (including investments in Prudential insurance policies that are offset against liabilities to policyholders on the Group consolidation) and the liabilities of the schemes. As at 30 June 2012, the M&G pension scheme has invested £169 million in Prudential insurance policies (30 June 2011: £222 million; 31 December 2011: £165 million). After excluding these investments that are offset against liabilities to policyholders, the IAS 19 basis position of the M&G pension scheme is a deficit of £125 million (30 June 2011: deficit of £227 million, 31 December 2011: deficit of £155 million).

 

i        Assumptions

 

The actuarial assumptions used in determining benefit obligations and the net periodic benefit costs for the period ended 30 June 2012 were as follows:

 


   

30 Jun

2012

%

30 Jun

2011

%

31 Dec

2011

%


   




Discount rate *

4.6 

5.6 

4.7 

Rate of increase in salaries  

2.6 

5.7 

2.9 

Rate of inflation:





Retail Price Index (RPI)  

2.6 

3.7 

2.9 


Consumer Price Index (CPI)  

1.6 

2.7 

1.9 

Rate of increase of pensions in payment for inflation:  





Guaranteed (maximum 5%)  

2.5 

2.7 

2.5 


Guaranteed (maximum 2.5%) **

2.5 

2.5 

2.5 


Discretionary **

2.5 

2.5 

2.5 

Expected returns on plan assets  

3.1 

5.1 

5.1 

*    The discount rate has been determined by reference to an 'AA' corporate bond index adjusted, where applicable, to allow for the difference in duration between the index and the pension liabilities.

**  The rates of 2.5 per cent are those for PSPS. Assumed rates of increase of pensions in payments for inflation for all other schemes are 2.6 per cent for 30 June 2012 (30 June 2011: 2.7 per cent; 31 December 2011: 2.9 per cent).

†        The rate of inflation reflects the long-term assumption for the UK RPI or CPI depending on the tranche of the schemes.

 

The calculations are based on current actuarially calculated mortality estimates with a specific allowance made for future improvements in mortality. The specific allowance for half year 2012 and full year 2011 is in line with a custom calibration of the 2009 mortality model from the Continuous Mortality Investigation Bureau of the Institute and Faculty of Actuaries (CMI).

 

The tables used for PSPS immediate annuities in payment at 30 June 2012, 30 June 2011 and 31 December 2011 were:

 

Male: 108.6 per cent PNMA 00 with improvements in line with a custom calibration of the CMIs 2009 mortality model, with a long-term mortality improvement rate of 1.75 per cent per annum; and

Female: 103.4 per cent PNFA 00 with improvements in line with a custom calibration of the CMIs 2009 mortality model, with a long-term mortality improvement rate of 1.00 per cent per annum.

 

ii       Estimated pension scheme deficit - economic basis

 

Movements on the pension scheme deficit (determined on the economic basis) are as follows, with the effect of the application of IFRIC 14 being shown separately:

 




 

 


  



Half year 2012




(Charge) credit to income statement  


  



Surplus

 (deficit)

in scheme

 at 1 January

 2012

Operating

 results

 (based on

longer-term

 investment

returns)

note (a)

Actuarial and

 other gains

 and losses note (b)

Contributions paid

Surplus

 (deficit)

in scheme

 at 30 Jun

 2012

note (c)



£m

£m

£m

£m

£m

All schemes


 

 


 

Underlying position (without the effect of IFRIC 14)


 

 


 

Surplus (deficit)

1,543 

(137)

(26)

45 

1,425 

Less: amount attributable to PAC with-profits fund

(1,083)

89 

40 

(21)

(975)

Shareholders' share:


 

  


  


Gross of tax surplus (deficit)

460 

(48)

14 

24 

450 


Related tax

(117)

18 

(3)

(6)

(108)

Net of shareholders' tax

343 

(30)

11 

18 

342 

Effect of IFRIC 14


 

  


  

Derecognition of surplus and set up of additional funding obligation

(1,607)

119 

239 

 - 

(1,249)

Less: amount attributable to PAC with-profits fund

1,124 

(81)

(166)

 - 

877 

Shareholders' share:  


 

  


  


Gross of tax surplus (deficit)

(483)

38 

73 

(372)


Related tax

123 

(16)

(18)

 - 

89 


Net of shareholders' tax

(360)

22 

55 

(283)

With the effect of IFRIC 14


 

  


  

Deficit (surplus)

(64)

(18)

213 

45 

176 

Less: amount attributable to PAC with-profits fund

41 

(126)

(21)

(98)

Shareholders' share:


 

  


  


Gross of tax surplus (deficit)

(23)

(10)

87 

24 

78 


Related tax

(21)

(6)

(19)


Net of shareholders' tax

(17)

(8)

66 

18 

59 

 

Notes

(a)     The components of the credit (charge) to operating results (comprising amounts attributable to the PAC with-profits fund and shareholder-backed operations) are as follows:

 


  

Half year

2012

Half year

2011

Full year

2011


  

£m 

£m

£m 

Current service cost

(17)

(19)

(35)

Past service cost:





RPI to CPI inflation measure change in 2011note (i)

282 

282 


Exceptional discretionary pension increase for PSPS in 2012note (i)

(106)

Finance (expense) income:





Interest on pension scheme liabilities

(132)

(153)

(299)


Expected return on assets

118 

156 

308 

Total (charge) credit  without the effect IFRIC 14

(137)

266 

256 

Effect of IFRIC 14 for pension schemes

119 

(220)

(229)

Total (charge) credit after the effect of IFRIC 14 as shown above relating to the Group's operating profit based on longer-term investment returns  note (ii)

(18)

46 

27 

 

Notes

(i)   Past service cost

      - RPI/CPI inflation measure change in 2011

 

During 2011 the Group altered its inflation measure basis for future statutory increases to pension payments for certain tranches of its UK defined benefit pension schemes. This reflected the UK Government's decision to replace the basis of indexation from RPI with CPI.

 

The £282 million credit in 2011 shown above comprised £216 million for PSPS and £66 million for other schemes. As noted earlier, the PSPS scheme surplus was not recognised for accounting purposes due to the application of IFRIC 14. The £66 million for other schemes (as shown in the table below) was allocated as £24 million to PAC with-profits fund and £42 million to shareholders referred to in note C.

     

- Exceptional discretionary pension increase for PSPS in 2012

 

During the first half of 2012, the Group awarded an exceptional discretionary increase to pensions in payment of PSPS, which resulted in a past service cost of £106 million. As the PSPS scheme surplus is substantially not recognised for accounting purposes, this past service cost has no impact on the Group's results.

 

(ii)  The net (charge) credit to operating profit (comprising amounts attributable to the PAC with-profits fund and shareholder-backed operations) of £(18) million (half year 2011: £46 million; full year 2011: £27 million) is made up the following:

 


Half year

2012

Half year

2011

Full year

2011


£m 

£m

£m 

Underlying IAS 19 charge for other pension schemes

(8)

(9)

(17)

Cash costs for PSPS

(10)

(10)

(20)

Unwind of discount on opening provision for deficit funding for PSPS

(1)

(2)

Negative past service cost - RPI to CPI inflation measure change in 2011 (note (i) to table above)

66 

66 


(18)

46 

27 

 

Consistent with the derecognition of a substantial portion of the Company's interest in the underlying IAS 19 surplus of PSPS, the charge to operating profit based on longer-term investment returns for PSPS reflects the cash cost of contributions for ongoing service of active members. In addition, the charge to the operating results also includes a charge for the unwind of discount on the opening provision for deficit funding for PSPS.

 

(b)     The components of the credit (charge) for actuarial and other gains and losses (comprising amounts attributable to the PAC with-profits fund and shareholder-backed operations) are as follows:

 


Half year

2012

Half year

2011

Full year

2011


£m 

£m

£m 

Actual less expected return on assets

(32)

65 

982 

Gains (losses) on changes of assumptions for plan liabilities

10 

69 

(414)

Experience (losses) gains on liabilities

(4)

(5)

314 

Total (charge) credit without the effect of IFRIC 14

(26)

129 

882 

Effect of IFRIC 14 for pension schemes

239 

(141)

(846)

Actuarial and other gains and losses after the effect of IFRIC 14

213 

(12)

36 

 

The net credit (charge) for actuarial and other gains and losses is recorded within the income statement but, within the segmental analysis of profit, the shareholders' share of actuarial and other gains and losses (i.e. net of allocation of the share to the PAC with-profits funds) is excluded from operating profit based on longer-term investment returns.

 

The half year 2012 actuarial and other gains of £213 million (comprising amounts attributable to PAC with-profits fund and shareholder-backed operations and before the application of IFRIC 14) primarily reflects the positive impact of inflation rate movements in the period, offset by lower discount rates as interest rate falls, and partial recognition of actuarial surplus in PSPS described below.

 

Consistent with the derecognition of a substantial portion of the Company's interest in the underlying IAS 19 surplus of PSPS under IFRIC 14, the actuarial gains and losses of PSPS is not included in the £213 million above. Rather, for half year 2012, a £51 million credit was included in the actuarial and other gains for the effect of the partial recognition of PSPS' surplus. This credit arises from altered funding arrangement following the finalisation of the 5 April 2011 triennial valuation.

 

(c)     On the 'economic basis', after including the underlying assets represented by the investments in Prudential insurance policies as scheme assets, the underlying statements of financial position of the schemes were:

 



30 Jun

2012

30 Jun

2011

31 Dec

2011



£m

£m

£m

Equities

512 

513 

483 

Bonds

5,852 

4,491 

5,954 

Properties

327 

345 

317 

Cash-like investments

485 

805 

409 

Total value of assets

7,176 

6,154 

7,163 

Present value of benefit obligations

(5,751)

(5,400)

(5,620)



1,425 

754 

1,543 

Effect of the application of IFRIC 14 for pension schemes:





Derecognition of PSPS surplus

(1,247)

(858)

(1,588)


Adjust for additional funding for PSPS

(2)

(35)

(19)

Pre-tax surplus (deficit)

176 

(139)

(64)

 

iii     Sensitivity of the pension scheme liabilities to key variables

 

The total underlying Group pension scheme liabilities of £5,751 million (30 June 2011: £5,400 million; 31 December 2011: £5,620 million) comprise £5,007 million (30 June 2011: £4,612 million; 31 December 2011: £4,844 million) for PSPS and £744 million (30 June 2011: £788 million; 31 December 2011: £776 million) for the other schemes. The table below shows the sensitivity of the underlying PSPS and the other scheme liabilities at 30 June 2012, 30 June 2011 and 31 December 2011 to changes in discount rate, inflation rates and mortality rates.

 

30 June 2012

Assumption

Change in assumption

Impact on scheme liabilities on IAS 19 basis


Discount rate

Decrease by 0.2% from 4.6% to 4.4%

Increase in scheme liabilities by:





PSPS

3.0%




Other schemes

4.8%

Discount rate

Increase by 0.2% from 4.6% to 4.8%

Decrease in scheme liabilities by:





PSPS

2.9%




Other schemes

4.5%

Rate of inflation

RPI: Decrease by 0.2% from 2.6% to 2.4%

Decrease in scheme liabilities by:



CPI: Decrease by 0.2% from 1.6% to 1.4%


PSPS

1.5%


with consequent reduction in salary increases


Other schemes

4.3%






Mortality rate

Increase life expectancy by 1 year

Increase in scheme liabilities by:





PSPS

2.7%




Other schemes

2.3%

 

30 June 2011

Assumption

Change in assumption

Impact on scheme liabilities on IAS 19 basis


Discount rate

Decrease by 0.2% from 5.6% to 5.4%

Increase in scheme liabilities by:





PSPS

3.5%




Other schemes

5.0%

Discount rate

Increase by 0.2% from 5.6% to 5.8%

Decrease in scheme liabilities by:





PSPS

3.3%




Other schemes

4.6%

Rate of inflation

RPI: Decrease by 0.2% from 3.7% to 3.5%

Decrease in scheme liabilities by:



CPI: Decrease by 0.2% from 2.7% to 2.5%


PSPS

1.1%


with consequent reduction in salary increases


Other schemes

4.7%






Mortality rate

Increase life expectancy by 1 year

Increase in scheme liabilities by:





PSPS

2.1%




Other schemes

2.6%

 

31 December 2011

Assumption

Change in assumption

Impact on scheme liabilities on IAS 19 basis


Discount rate

Decrease by 0.2% from 4.7% to 4.5%

Increase in scheme liabilities by:





PSPS

3.3%




Other schemes

4.8%

Discount rate

Increase by 0.2% from 4.7% to 4.9%

Decrease in scheme liabilities by:





PSPS

3.1%




Other schemes

4.5%

Rate of inflation

RPI: Decrease by 0.2% from 2.9% to 2.7%

Decrease in scheme liabilities by:



CPI: Decrease by 0.2% from 1.9% to 1.7%


PSPS

0.6%


with consequent reduction in salary increases


Other schemes

4.1%






Mortality rate

Increase life expectancy by 1 year

Increase in scheme liabilities by:





PSPS

2.7%




Other schemes

2.4%

 

The sensitivity of the underlying pension scheme liabilities to changes in discount, inflation and mortality rates as shown above does not directly equate to an impact on the profit or loss attributable to shareholders or shareholders' equity due to the effect of the application of IFRIC 14 on PSPS and the allocation of a share of the interest in financial position of the PSPS and Scottish Amicable schemes to the PAC with-profits fund as described above.

 

The sensitivity to the changes in the key variables as shown in the table above has no significant impact on the pension costs included in the Group's operating results. This is due to the pension costs charged in each of the periods presented being derived largely from market conditions at the beginning of the period. After applying IFRIC 14 and to the extent attributable to shareholders, any residual impact from the changes to these variables is reflected as actuarial gains and losses on defined benefit pension schemes within the supplementary analysis of profits. The relevance of this is described further below.

 

For PSPS, a substantial portion of the underlying surplus of the scheme to the amount of £1,355 million (30 June 2011: the whole surplus of £858 million; 31 December 2011: the whole surplus of £1,588 million) has not been recognised under IFRIC 14. Changes to the underlying scheme liabilities as a result of assumption changes are used to reduce this unrecognised surplus before there is an impact on the Group's results and financial position. As such, based on the underlying financial position of PSPS as at 30 June 2012, none of the changes to the underlying scheme liabilities for the changes in the variables shown in the table above have had an impact on the Group's half year 2012 results and financial position.

 

In the event that a change in the PSPS scheme liabilities results in a deficit position for the scheme which is recognisable, the deficit recognised affects the Group's results and financial position only to the extent of the amounts attributable to shareholder operations. The amounts attributable to the PAC with-profits fund are absorbed by the liability for unallocated surplus and have no direct effect on the profit or loss attributable to shareholders or shareholders' equity.

 

The deficit of the Scottish Amicable pension scheme has been allocated approximately 50 per cent to the PAC with-profits fund and 50 per cent to the shareholders. Accordingly, half of the changes to its scheme liabilities, which at 30 June 2012 were £516 million (30 June 2011: £540 million; 31 December 2011: £527 million), for the changes in the variables shown in the table above would have had an impact on the Group's shareholder results and financial position.

 

Y     Policyholder liabilities

 

Analysis of movement in policyholder liabilities and unallocated surplus of with-profits funds

 

Group insurance operations

 



Insurance operations



UK

US

Asia

Total

Half year 2012 movements

£m

£m

£m

£m

Comprising:






- Policyholder liabilities

127,024 

69,189 

30,862 

227,075 


- Unallocated surplus of with-profits funds

9,165 

50 

9,215 

At 1 January 2012

136,189 

69,189 

30,912 

236,290 

Premiums

4,062 

7,303 

2,641 

14,006 

Surrenders

(2,378)

(2,083)

(1,252)

(5,713)

Maturities/Deaths

(3,819)

(451)

(294)

(4,564)

Net flows

(2,135)

4,769 

1,095 

3,729 

Shareholders' transfers post tax

(110)

(15)

(125)

Investment-related items and other movements

4,276 

1,906 

1,055 

7,237 

Foreign exchange translation differences

(83)

(600)

(227)

(910)

At 30 June 2012

138,137 

75,264 

32,820 

246,221 

Comprising:






- Policyholder liabilities

128,387 

75,264 

32,768 

236,419 


- Unallocated surplus of with-profits funds

9,750 

52 

9,802 






Half year 2011 movements





Comprising:






- Policyholder liabilities

125,530 

60,523 

28,674 

214,727 


- Unallocated surplus of with-profits funds

10,187 

66 

10,253 

At 1 January 2011

135,717 

60,523 

28,740 

224,980 

Premiums

3,871 

6,805 

2,395 

13,071 

Surrenders

(2,301)

(2,153)

(1,119)

(5,573)

Maturities/Deaths

(3,571)

(436)

(341)

(4,348)

Net flows

(2,001)

4,216 

935 

3,150 

Shareholders' transfers post tax

(113)

(14)

(127)

Investment-related items and other movements

3,632 

1,429 

634 

5,695 

Foreign exchange translation differences

120 

(1,461)

(53)

(1,394)

At 30 June 2011

137,355 

64,707 

30,242 

232,304 

Comprising:






- Policyholder liabilities

126,544 

64,707 

30,181 

221,432 


- Unallocated surplus of with-profits funds

10,811 

61 

10,872 

Average policyholder liability balances*






Half year 2012

127,705 

72,227 

31,815 

231,747 


Half year 2011

126,037 

62,615 

29,428 

218,080 

* Averages have been based on opening and closing balances and exclude the unallocated surplus of the with-profits funds.

 

The items above represent the amount attributable to changes in policyholder liabilities and unallocated surplus of with-profits funds as a result of each of the components listed.

 

Premiums, surrenders and maturities/deaths represent the amounts impacting policyholder liabilities and are not intended to represent the total cash paid/received (for example, premiums are net of any deductions to cover acquisition costs and claims represents the policyholder liabilities released).

 

UK insurance operations

A reconciliation of the total policyholder liabilities and unallocated surplus of with-profits funds of UK insurance operations is as follows:

 


  


Other shareholder-backed funds and subsidiaries



  

SAIF and PAC with-profits sub-fund

Unit-linked  liabilities

Annuity and other long-term business

Total

Half year 2012 movements

£m

£m

£m

£m

Comprising:






- Policyholder liabilities

80,976 

21,281 

24,767 

127,024 


- Unallocated surplus of with-profits funds

9,165 

9,165 

At 1 January 2012

90,141 

21,281 

24,767 

136,189 

Premiums

2,044 

1,064 

954 

4,062 

Surrenders

(1,071)

(1,247)

(60)

(2,378)

Maturities/Deaths

(2,649)

(314)

(856)

(3,819)

Net flows note (a)

(1,676)

(497)

38 

(2,135)

Shareholders' transfers post tax

(110)

(110)

Switches

(131)

131 

Investment-related items and other movements note (b)

2,900 

343 

1,033 

4,276 

Foreign exchange translation differences

(83)

(83)

At 30 June 2012

91,041 

21,258 

25,838 

138,137 

Comprising:






- Policyholder liabilities

81,291 

21,258 

25,838 

128,387 


- Unallocated surplus of with-profits funds

9,750 

9,750 


  





Half year 2011 movements





Comprising:






- Policyholder liabilities

81,586 

21,671 

22,273 

125,530 


- Unallocated surplus of with-profits funds

10,187 

10,187 

At 1 January 2011

91,773 

21,671 

22,273 

135,717 

Premiums

1,693 

1,261 

917 

3,871 

Surrenders

(1,216)

(1,085)

(2,301)

Maturities/Deaths

(2,473)

(322)

(776)

(3,571)

Net flows note (a)

(1,996)

(146)

141 

(2,001)

Shareholders' transfers post tax

(113)

(113)

Switches

(113)

113 

Investment-related items and other movements note (b)

2,527 

666 

439 

3,632 

Foreign exchange translation differences

120 

120 

At 30 June 2011

92,198 

22,304 

22,853 

137,355 

Comprising:






- Policyholder liabilities

81,387 

22,304 

22,853 

126,544 


- Unallocated surplus of with-profits funds

10,811 

10,811 

Average policyholder liability balances*






Half year 2012

81,134 

21,269 

25,302 

127,705 


Half year 2011

81,487 

21,987 

22,563 

126,037 


  





*Averages have been based on opening and closing balances and exclude the unallocated surplus of the with-profits funds.

 

Notes

(a)     Net outflows increased from £2.0 billion in the first half of 2011 to £2.1 billion for the same period in 2012. An improvement in the net outflows of the with-profits business, following increased sales of with-profits bonds in the period, has been more than offset by an increase in outflows in the unit-linked business. The levels of inflows/outflows for unit-linked business is driven by the activity of corporate pension schemes with transfers in or out from only one or two schemes influencing the level of flows in the period. The net flows of negative £497 million in unit-linked business was a result of lower single premiums in and higher transfers out of the All Stocks Corporate Bonds fund.

(b)     Investment-related items and other movements of £4.3 billion across fund types reflected the continued strong performance of UK equity markets in 2012, as well as investment gains from debt securities.

 

US insurance operations


  





  

Variable 

 annuity 

 separate 

 account 

 liabilities

Fixed annuity, 

 GIC and other 

 business

Total

Half year 2012 movements

£m 

£m 

£m 

At 1 January 2012

37,833 

31,356 

69,189 

Premiums  

5,060 

2,243 

7,303 

Surrenders

(1,024)

(1,059)

(2,083)

Maturities/Deaths

(194)

(257)

(451)

Net flows note (b)

3,842 

927 

4,769 

Transfers from general to separate account

708 

(708)

Investment-related items and other movements note (c)

1,557 

349 

1,906 

Foreign exchange translation differences note (a)

(315)

(285)

(600)

At 30 June 2012

43,625 

31,639 

75,264 


  




Half year 2011 movements




At 1 January 2011

31,203 

29,320 

60,523 

Premiums  

5,015 

1,790 

6,805 

Surrenders

(974)

(1,179)

(2,153)

Maturities/Deaths

(148)

(288)

(436)

Net flows note (b)

3,893 

323 

4,216 

Transfers from general to separate account

541 

(541)

Investment-related items and other movements note (c)

1,103 

326 

1,429 

Foreign exchange translation differences  

(735)

(726)

(1,461)

At 30 June 2011

36,005 

28,702 

64,707 

Average policyholder liability balances*





Half year 2012

40,729 

31,498 

72,227 


Half year 2011

33,604 

29,011 

62,615 

*Averages have been based on opening and closing balances.

 

Notes

(a)     Movements in the period have been translated at an average rate of $1.58/£1.00 (30 June 2011: $1.62/£1.00). The closing balances have been translated at closing rate of $1.57/£1.00 (30 June 2011: $1.61/£1.00). Differences upon retranslation are included in foreign exchange translation differences.

(b)     Net flows have increased by £553 million from £4,216 million in the first half of 2011 to £4,769 million in the first half of 2012. The increase was largely driven by increased new business volumes for fixed annuity and GIC business. The flows in the fixed annuity, GIC and other business column include flows from non-VA business as well as the flows in relation to investments into the general account from the variable annuities where policyholders have selected this basis.

(c)     Positive investment-related items and other movements in variable annuity separate account liabilities of £1.6 billion for the first six months ended 2012 reflects the increase in the US equity market during the period. Fixed annuity, GIC and other business investment and other movements primarily reflects the interest credited to policyholder account in the period.

 

Asia insurance operations

 


  

With-profits 

 business 

Unit-linked 

 liabilities 

Other 

Total 

Half year 2012 movements

£m 

£m 

£m 

£m 

Comprising:






- Policyholder liabilities

12,593 

12,015 

6,254 

30,862 


- Unallocated surplus of with-profits funds

50 

50 

At 1 January 2012

12,643 

12,015 

6,254 

30,912 

Premiums  






New business  

110 

638 

297 

1,045 


In-force

593 

617 

386 

1,596 


  

703 

1,255 

683 

2,641 

Surrendersnote (c)

(303)

(819)

(130)

(1,252)

Maturities/Deaths

(196)

(16)

(82)

(294)

Net flows note (b)

204 

420 

471 

1,095 

Shareholders' transfers post tax

(15)

(15)

Investment-related items and other movements note (d)

558 

325 

172 

1,055 

Foreign exchange translation differences note (a)

(167)

(66)

(227)

At 30 June 2012

13,396 

12,593 

6,831 

32,820 

Comprising:






- Policyholder liabilities

13,344 

12,593 

6,831 

32,768 


- Unallocated surplus of with-profits funds

52 

52 


  





Half year 2011 movements





Comprising:






- Policyholder liabilities

10,958 

12,724 

4,992 

28,674 


- Unallocated surplus of with-profits funds

66 

66 

At 1 January 2011

11,024 

12,724 

4,992 

28,740 

Premiums  






New business  

90 

553 

305 

948 


In-force

506 

578 

363 

1,447 


  

596 

1,131 

668 

2,395 

Surrendersnote (c)

(215)

(799)

(105)

(1,119)

Maturities/Deaths

(249)

(16)

(76)

(341)

Net flows note (b)

132 

316 

487 

935 

Shareholders' transfers post tax

(14)

(14)

Investment-related items and other movements note (d)

449 

110 

75 

634 

Foreign exchange translation differencesnote (a)

(61)

72 

(64)

(53)

At 30 June 2011

11,530 

13,222 

5,490 

30,242 

Comprising:






- Policyholder liabilities

11,469 

13,222 

5,490 

30,181 


- Unallocated surplus of with-profits funds

61 

61 

Average policyholder liability balances*






Half year 2012

12,969 

12,304 

6,542 

31,815 


Half year 2011

11,214 

12,973 

5,241 

29,428 



*    Averages have been based on opening and closing balances and exclude unallocated surplus of the with-profits funds. There were no corporate transactions in both periods that had an impact on the averages.

 

Notes

(a)     Movements in the period have been translated at the average exchange rate for the six months ended 30 June 2012. The closing balance has been translated at the closing spot rates as at 30 June 2012. Differences upon retranslation are included in foreign exchange translation differences.

(b)     Net flows have increased by £160 million from £935 million in 2011 to £1,095 million in 2012 primarily reflecting increased flows from new business and growth in the in-force books.

(c)     The rate of surrenders for shareholder-backed business (expressed as a percentage of opening liabilities) was 5.2 per cent in the first half of 2012 which is broadly in line with 5.1 per cent in the first half of 2011. For with-profits business, surrenders have increased from £215 million in 2011 to £303 million in 2012, primarily as a result of certain products in Hong Kong reaching their five year anniversary, the point at which some product features trigger.

(d)     Positive investment-related items and other movements of £1,055 million in half year 2012 primarily reflects improvements in the Asian equity market, together with positive movements within the with-profits funds including positive returns in Hong Kong and Singapore.

 

Z     Share capital, share premium and own shares

 



Number of ordinary shares

Share capital

Share premium




£m

£m

Issued shares of 5p each fully paid:




At 1 January 2011

2,545,594,506 

127 

1,856 

Shares issued under share option schemes

2,122,869 

-

15 

At 30 June 2011

2,547,717,375 

127 

1,871 






At 1 January 2011

2,545,594,506 

127 

1,856 

Shares issued under share option schemes

2,444,824 

-

17 

At 31 December 2011

2,548,039,330 

127 

1,873 






Issued shares of 5p each fully paid:




At 1 January 2012

2,548,039,330 

127 

1,873 

Shares issued under share option schemes

8,209,568 

-

14 

At 30 June 2012

2,556,248,898 

127 

1,887 






 

Amounts recorded in share capital represent the nominal value of the shares issued. The difference between the proceeds received on issue of shares, net of issue costs, and the nominal value of shares issued is credited to the share premium account.

 

At 30 June 2012, there were options outstanding under Save As You Earn schemes to subscribe for shares as follows:

 








Share price range



Number of shares

to subscribe for

from

     

 to

Exercisable

 by year

30 June 2012

8,181,704 

288p

572p

2017 

30 June 2011

12,027,702 

288p

572p

2016 

31 December 2011

13,329,709 

288p

572p

2017 

 

Transactions by Prudential plc and its subsidiaries in Prudential plc shares

The Group buys and sells Prudential plc (own shares) either in relation to its share schemes or via transactions undertaken by authorised investment funds that the Group is deemed to control. Further information about these transactions is set out below.

 

The cost of own shares of £101 million as at 30 June 2012 (30 June 2011: £82 million; 31 December 2011: £109 million) is deducted from retained earnings. The Company has established trusts to facilitate the delivery of shares under employee incentive plans and savings-related share option schemes. At 30 June 2012, 6.5 million (30 June 2011: 5.2 million; 31 December 2011: 8.1 million) Prudential plc shares with a market value of £49 million (30 June 2011: £38 million;  31 December 2011: £52 million) were held in such trusts. Of this total, 6.5 million (30 June 2011: 5.1 million; 31 December 2011: 8.0 million) shares were held in trusts under employee incentive plans.

 

In half year 2012, the Company purchased the following number of shares in respect of employee incentive plans.

 


Number of shares purchased*

Cost


(in millions)

£m 

Half year 2012

5.8 

44.2 

Half year 2011

3.2 

15.5 

Full year 2011

8.2 

54.7 

 

*The maximum number of shares held during half year 2012 was 8.1 million which was at the beginning of the period.

 

Of the total shares held in trust 0.1 million (30 June 2011: 0.1 million; 31 December 2011: 0.1 million) were held by a qualifying employee share ownership trust. These shares are expected to be fully distributed in the future on maturity of savings-related share option schemes.

 

The Group has consolidated a number of authorised investment funds where it is deemed to control these funds under IFRS. Some of these funds hold shares in Prudential plc. The total number of shares held by these funds at 30 June 2012 was 8.3 million (30 June 2011: 9.2 million; 31 December 2011: 8.6 million) and the cost of acquiring these shares of £50 million (30 June 2011: £45 million; 31 December 2011: £52 million) is included in the cost of own shares. The market value of these shares as at 30 June 2012 was £56 million (30 June 2011: £66 million; 31 December 2011: £54 million).

 

During half year 2012 these funds made net disposals of 357,340 Prudential shares (30 June 2011: 554,285; 31 December 2011: 1,171,635) for a net decrease of £2.6 million to book cost (30 June 2011: net decrease of £2 million; 31 December 2011: net increase of £4.8 million).

               

All share transactions were made on an exchange other than the Stock Exchange of Hong Kong.

 

Other than set out above the Group did not purchase, sell or redeem any Prudential plc listed securities during half year 2012 or 2011.

 

AA  Acquisition of subsidiaries

 

Acquisition of Reassure America Life Insurance Company (REALIC)

On 30 May 2012, Jackson National Life Insurance Company (JNLI), an indirect wholly-owned subsidiary of Prudential plc, entered into an agreement to buy SRLC America Holding Corp. (SRLC), a life insurance business, from Swiss Re. The primary operating subsidiary of SRLC is REALIC. Swiss Re will retain a portion of the SRLC business through reinsurance arrangements to be undertaken prior to closing. JNLI will pay US$621 million (£398 million) in cash for the business financed from its own resources. The price is subject to adjustment to reflect the actual value of SRLC according to its balance sheet at closing. This adjustment is not expected to exceed £60 million. The transaction is subject to regulatory approval and is expected to close in the third quarter of 2012. The acquisition-related costs incurred in the period have been expensed in half year 2012.

 

AB  Associates and joint ventures

 

The Group had two associates at 30 June 2012 (30 June 2011: two; 31 December 2011: one) that were accounted for under the equity method. The Group's associates at 30 June 2012 are a 25 per cent interest in PruHealth Holdings Limited and a 47 per cent interest in PPM South Africa, following the dilution of the Group's holding in the period (see Note G). At 30 June 2011, in addition to PruHealth, the Group had a 30 per cent interest in The Nam Khang, a Vietnamese property developer which was disposed of in the second half of 2011. The Group's share of the profit and loss of these associates during the period was a profit of £6 million (half year 2011: a loss of £1 million; full year 2011: a loss of £3 million). This is reflected in the Group's profit after tax attributable to equity holders during the period.

 

The Group owns a number of joint ventures. Joint ventures represent activities over which the Group exercises joint control through contractual agreement with one or more parties. The Group's significant joint ventures, which are accounted for using proportionate consolidation, comprise various joint ventures relating to property investments where the Group has a 50 per cent interest as well as the following interests:

 

Investment

% held

Principal activity

Country

CITIC Prudential Life Insurance Company Limited

50 

Life assurance

China

CITIC-Prudential Fund Management Company Limited

49 

Asset management

China

ICICI Prudential Asset Management Company Limited

49 

Asset management

India

Prudential BSN Takaful Berhad

49 

General and life insurance

Malaysia

BOCI-Prudential Asset Management Limited

36 

Asset management

China

ICICI Prudential Life Insurance Company Limited

26 

Life assurance

India

 

Joint ventures contributed £51 million (30 June 2011: £20 million; 31 December 2011: £54 million) to profit after tax attributable to equity holders during the period. The period-on-period movements in these joint ventures' contributions reflect primarily the growth in their operating profit based on longer-term investment returns and the increase in short-term fluctuations in investment returns by these joint ventures.

 

Further, in June 2012, the PAC with-profits fund, via its venture fund holdings and as part of its investment portfolio, entered into a joint venture to acquire control of Veolia Water RegCo, the UK regulated water business of Veolia Environnement S.A. This joint venture investment is carried at fair value through profit and loss in the Group's financial statements, as permitted under IAS 28, 'Investments in associates and joint ventures'.

 

In addition to the above, the Group has associates that are carried at fair value through profit and loss, as allowed under IAS 28, that comprise investment in Open-Ended Investment Companies (OEICs), unit trusts, funds holding collateralised debt obligations, property unit trusts and venture capital investments of the PAC with-profits funds where the Group has significant influence.

 

AC  Related party transactions

 

The nature of the related party transactions of the Group has not changed from those described in the Group's consolidated financial statements for the year ended 31 December 2011.

 

There were no transactions with related parties during the six months ended 30 June 2012 which have had a material effect on the results or financial position of the Group.

 

AD  Contingencies and related obligations

 

The Group is involved in various litigation and regulatory issues. Whilst the outcome of such matters cannot be predicted with certainty, Prudential believes that the ultimate outcome of such litigation and regulatory issues will not have a material adverse effect on the Group's financial condition, results of operations or cash flows.

 

There have been no material changes to the Group's contingencies and related obligations in the six month period ended 30 June 2012.

 

AE  Post balance sheet events

 

The 2012 interim dividend approved by the Board of Directors after 30 June 2012 is as described in note M.

 

Details of the reduction in the UK corporation tax rate to 23 per cent which became substantively enacted after the balance sheet date on 3 July 2012 and the subsequent proposed phased rate change to 22 per cent are as described in note K. The changes to the rules relating to the taxation of life insurance comprises, which will be effective 1 January 2013 are also outlined in note K.

 

Statement of directors' responsibilities

 

The directors are responsible for preparing the Half Year Financial Report in accordance with applicable law and regulations.

 

Accordingly, the directors confirm that to the best of their knowledge:

 

-     the condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with IAS 34, 'Interim Financial Reporting', as adopted by the European Union;

-     the Half Year Financial Report includes a fair review of information required by:

 

(a)  DTR 4.2.7R of the Disclosure and Transparency Rules, being an indication of important events that have occurred during the six months ended 30 June 2012, and their impact on the condensed consolidated financial statements, and a description of the principal risks and uncertainties for the remaining six months of the year; and

(b) DTR 4.2.8R of the Disclosure and Transparency Rules, being related party transactions that have taken place during the six months ended 30 June 2012 and that have materially affected the financial position or the performance of the Group during the period and changes in the related party transactions described in the Group's consolidated financial statements for the year ended 31 December 2011.

 

The current directors of Prudential plc are as listed in the Group's 2011 Annual Report. Subsequent to the Annual Report, on 28 May 2012, the Group announced the appointment of Paul Manduca as Chairman. Mr Manduca assumed the position on 2 July 2012, succeeding Harvey McGrath who retired from the Board on 2 July 2012. 

 

Independent Review Report to Prudential Plc

 

Introduction

 

We have been engaged by the Company to review the International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) basis financial information in the Half Year Financial Report for the six months ended 30 June 2012 which comprises the Condensed Consolidated Income Statement, the Condensed Consolidated Statement of Comprehensive Income, the Condensed Consolidated Statement of Changes in Equity, the Condensed Consolidated Statement of Financial Position, the Condensed Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows and the related explanatory notes.

 

We have also been engaged by the Company to review the European Embedded Value (EEV) basis supplementary financial information for the six months ended 30 June 2012 which comprises the Operating Profit Based on Longer-Term Investment Returns, the Summary Consolidated Income Statement, the Movement in Shareholders' Equity, the Summary Statement of Financial Position and the related explanatory notes and Total Insurance and Investment Products New Business information.

 

We have read the other information contained in the Half Year Financial Report and considered whether it contains any apparent misstatements or material inconsistencies with the IFRS basis financial information or the EEV basis supplementary financial information.

 

This report is made solely to the Company in accordance with the terms of our engagement to assist the Company in meeting the requirements of the Disclosure and Transparency Rules ('the DTR') of the United Kingdom's Financial Services Authority ('the UK FSA') and also to provide a review conclusion to the Company on the EEV basis supplementary financial information. Our review of the IFRS basis financial information has been undertaken so that we might state to the Company those matters we are required to state to it in this report and for no other purpose. Our review of the EEV basis supplementary financial information has been undertaken so that we might state to the Company those matters we have been engaged to state in this report and for no other purpose. To the fullest extent permitted by law, we do not accept or assume responsibility to anyone other than the Company for our review work, for this report, or for the conclusions we have reached.

 

Directors' responsibilities

 

The Half Year Financial Report, including the IFRS basis financial information contained therein, is the responsibility of, and has been approved by, the directors. The directors are responsible for preparing the Half Year Financial Report in accordance with the DTR of the UK FSA. The directors have accepted responsibility for preparing the EEV basis supplementary financial information in accordance with the European Embedded Value Principles issued in May 2004 by the European CFO Forum ('the EEV Principles') and for determining the methodology and assumptions used in the application of those principles.

 

The annual IFRS basis financial statements of the Group are prepared in accordance with IFRSs as adopted by the European Union ('EU'). The IFRS basis financial information included in this Half Year Financial Report has been prepared in accordance with IAS 34 Interim Financial Reporting as adopted by the EU.

 

The EEV basis supplementary financial information has been prepared in accordance with the EEV principles using the methodology and assumptions set out in notes 1 and 16 to the EEV basis supplementary financial information. The EEV basis supplementary financial information should be read in conjunction with the IFRS basis financial information.

 

Our responsibility

 

Our responsibility is to express to the Company a conclusion on the IFRS basis financial information in the Half Year Financial Report and the EEV basis supplementary financial information based on our reviews, as set out in our engagement letter with you dated 29 July 2011.

 

Scope of review

 

We conducted our reviews in accordance with International Standard on Review Engagements (UK and Ireland) 2410 Review of Interim Financial Information Performed by the Independent Auditor of the Entity issued by the Auditing Practices Board for use in the UK. A review of interim financial information consists of making enquiries, primarily of persons responsible for financial and accounting matters, and applying analytical and other review procedures. A review is substantially less in scope than an audit conducted in accordance with International Standards on Auditing (UK and Ireland) and consequently does not enable us to obtain assurance that we would become aware of all significant matters that might be identified in an audit. Accordingly, we do not express an audit opinion.

 

Conclusion

 

Based on our review, nothing has come to our attention that causes us to believe that the IFRS basis financial information in the Half Year Financial Report for the six months ended 30 June 2012 is not prepared, in all material respects, in accordance with IAS 34 as adopted by the EU and the DTR of the UK FSA.

 

Based on our review, nothing has come to our attention that causes us to believe that the EEV basis supplementary financial information for the six months ended 30 June 2012 is not prepared, in all material respects, in accordance with the EEV Principles, using the methodology and assumptions set out in notes 1 and 16 to the EEV basis supplementary financial information.

 

 

Rees Aronson

For and on behalf of KPMG Audit Plc

Chartered Accountants

London

9 August 2012

 

Additional Financial Information* (IFRS and New Business)

 

1     Analysis of long-term insurance business pre-tax IFRS operating profit based on longer-term investment returns by driver

 

This schedule classifies the Group's pre-tax operating earnings from long-term insurance operations into the underlying drivers of those profits, using the following categories:

i        Spread income represents the difference between net investment income (or premium income in the case of the UK annuities new business) and amounts credited to policyholder accounts. It excludes the longer-term investment return on assets in excess of those covering shareholder-backed policyholder liabilities, which has been separately disclosed as expected return on shareholder assets.

ii       Fee income represents profits driven by net investment performance, being asset management fees that vary with the size of the underlying policyholder funds net of investment management expenses.

iii     With-profits business represents the shareholders' transfer from the with-profits fund in the period.

iv      Insurance margin primarily represents profits derived from the insurance risks of mortality, morbidity and persistency.

v        Margin on revenues primarily represents amounts deducted from premiums to cover acquisition costs and administration expenses.

vi      Acquisition costs and administration expenses represent expenses incurred in the period attributable to shareholders. It excludes items such as restructuring costs and Solvency II costs which are not included in the segment profit for insurance as well as items that are more appropriately included in other source of earnings lines (eg investment expenses are netted off investment income as part of spread income or fee income as appropriate).

vii     DAC adjustments comprises DAC amortisation for the period, excluding amounts related to short-term fluctuations, net of costs deferred in respect of new business.

 


  





  

Analysis of pre-tax IFRS operating profit by source  





  


  

Half year 2012


  

Asia 

US 

UK 

Unallocated 

Total 


  

£m 

£m 

£m 

£m 

£m 

Spread income

55 

349 

132 

 - 

536 

Fee income  

66 

408 

35 

 - 

509 

With-profits

18 

146 

 - 

164 

Insurance margin

256 

153 

11 

 - 

420 

Margin on revenues

636 

 - 

68 

 - 

704 

Expenses





  


Acquisition costs

(428)

(480)

(64)

 - 

(972)


Administration expenses  

(250)

(242)

(63)

 - 

(555)


DAC adjustmentsnote (i)

33 

219 

(4)

 - 

248 

Expected return on shareholder assets

20 

35 

75 

 - 

130 

Long-term business operating profit

 406 

 442 

 336 

 - 

 1,184 

Asset management operating profit

34 

17 

199 

 - 

250 

GI commission

 - 

 - 

17 

 - 

17 

Other income and expenditure note (iii)

 - 

 - 

 - 

(289)

(289)

Total operating profit based on longer-term investment returns

440 

459 

552 

(289)

1,162 


  





  

 

*The additional financial information is not covered by the KPMG independent review opinion.

 


  





 


  

Half year 2011

note (ii)


  

Asia 

US 

UK 

Unallocated 

Total 


  

£m 

£m 

£m 

£m 

£m 

Spread income

46 

365 

122 

 - 

533 

Fee income

67 

327 

29 

 - 

423 

With-profits

17 

154 

 - 

171 

Insurance margin

225 

113 

 - 

345 

Margin on revenues

560 

78 

 - 

638 

Expenses





 


Acquisition costs

(349)

(485)

(66)

 - 

(900)


Administration expenses  

(242)

(195)

(60)

 - 

(497)


DAC adjustmentsnote (i)

(13)

164 

(1)

 - 

150 

Expected return on shareholder assets

11 

51 

69 

 - 

131 

Long-term business operating profit

322 

340 

332 

994 

Asset management operating profit

43 

17 

199 

 - 

259 

GI commission

 - 

 - 

 21 

 - 

21 

RPI to CPI inflation measure change on defined benefit schemes

 - 

 - 

 - 

 42 

42 

Other income and expenditurenote (iii)

 - 

 - 

 - 

(288)

(288)

Total operating profit based on longer-term investment returns

365 

357 

552 

(246)

1,028 


  





 

 


  

Full year 2011


  

Asia 

US 

UK 

Unallocated 

Total 


  

£m 

£m 

£m 

£m 

£m 

Spread income

88 

730 

247 

-

1,065 

Fee income  

131 

680 

59 

-

870 

With-profits

38 

293 

-

331 

Insurance margin

477 

232 

27 

-

736 

Margin on revenues

1,199 

-

226 

-

1,425 

Expenses







Acquisition costs

(766)

(890)

(127)

-

(1,783)


Administration expenses  

(503)

(412)

(128)

-

(1,043)


DAC adjustmentsnote (i)

14 

228 

(5)

-

237 

Expected return on shareholder assets

26 

83 

91 

-

200 

Long-term business operating profit

 704 

 651 

 683 

-

2,038 

Asset management operating profit

80 

24 

357 

-

461 

GI commission

-

-

40 

-

40 

RPI to CPI inflation measure change on defined benefit schemes

-

-

-

 42 

42 

Other income and expenditurenote (iii)

-

-

-

(554)

(554)

Total operating profit based on longer-term investment returns

784 

675 

1,080 

(512)

2,027 

 

Notes

(i)      DAC adjustments have been adjusted for the retrospective application of the accounting policy improvement described in note B of the IFRS financial statements.

(ii)     Starting from full year 2011 and following the reduction in 2010 of the Group's interest in the PruHealth and PruProtect businesses from 50 per cent to 25 per cent, the profits of these businesses have been shown as a single line in the insurance margin line consistent with associate accounting principles. Half year 2011 has been amended in light of this change.

(iii)    Including restructuring and Solvency II implementation costs.

 

Margin analysis of long-term insurance business

 

The following analysis expresses certain of the Group's sources of operating profit as a margin of policyholder liabilities or other suitable driver. The margin is on an annualised basis in which half year profits are annualised by multiplying by two. Details of the Group's average policyholder liability balances are given in note Y.

 


  


 

 


Total

 

 



 

 


  

Half year 2012


Half year 2011

note (v)


Full year 2011


  


Average  

 



Average  

 



Average  

 


  

Profit  

Liability

 note (iv)

Margin

note (iii)


Profit  

Liability 

note (iv)

Margin

note (iii)


Profit  

Liability 

note (iv)

Margin

note (iii)

Long-term business

£m 

£m 

bps 


£m 

£m 

bps 


£m 

£m 

bps 


  


 

 



  

 



  

 

Spread income

536 

61,109 

175 


533 

55,687 

191 


1,065 

57,417 

185 

Fee income  

509 

74,795 

136 


423 

68,435 

124 


870 

68,298 

127 

With-profits

164 

94,103 

35 


171 

92,701 

37 


331 

93,056 

36 

Insurance margin

420 

 

 


345 

  

 


736 

  

 

Margin on revenues

704 

 

 


638 

  

 


1,425 

  

 

Expenses


 

 



  

 



  

 


Acquisition costsnote (i)

(972)

2,030 

(48)%


(900)

1,824 

(49)%


(1,783)

3,681 

(48)%


Administration expenses

(555)

135,904 

(82)


(497)

124,122 

(80)


(1,043)

125,715 

(83)


DAC adjustmentsnote (ii)

248 

 

 


150 

  

 


237 

  

 

Expected return on shareholder assets

130 

 

 


131 

  

 


200 

  

 

Operating profit

1,184 

 

 


994 

  

 


2,038 

  

 

 

Notes

(i)      The ratio for acquisition costs is calculated as a percentage of APE including with-profits sales. Acquisition costs include only those relating to shareholders.

(ii)     DAC adjustments have adjusted for the retrospective application of the accounting policy improvement described in note B of the IFRS financial statements.

(iii)    Margin represents the operating return earned in the period as a proportion of the relevant class of policyholder liabilities excluding unallocated surplus. The margin is on an annualised basis in which half year profits are annualised by multiplying by two.

(iv)    For UK and Asia, opening and closing policyholder liabilities have been used to derive an average balance for the period, as this is seen as a good proxy for average balances throughout the period. The calculation of average liabilities for Jackson is derived from month-end balances throughout the period as opposed to opening and closing balances only, and liabilities held in the general account for variable annuity living and death guaranteed benefits are excluded from the calculation of the average as no spread income is earned on these balances. These changes were introduced in full year 2011 and half year 2011 has been amended for consistency albeit impacts are minimal.

(v)     Starting from full year 2011 and following the reduction in 2010 of the Group's interest in the PruHealth and PruProtect businesses from 50 per cent to 25 per cent, the profits of these businesses have been shown as a single line in the insurance margin line consistent with associate accounting principles. 2011 has been amended in light of this change.

 

 


  





Asia








  

Half year 2012


Half year 2011


Full year 2011


  


Average 




Average  




Average 



  

Profit 

Liability 

Margin 


Profit  

Liability 

Margin 


Profit 

Liability 

Margin 

Long-term business

£m 

£m 

bps 


£m 

£m 

bps 


£m 

£m 

bps 


  












Spread income

55 

6,542 

168 


46 

5,241 

176 


88 

5,623 

157 

Fee income  

66 

12,304 

107 


67 

12,973 

103 


131 

12,370 

106 

With-profits

18 

12,969 

28 


17 

11,214 

30 


38 

11,775 

32 

Insurance margin

256 




225 




477 



Margin on revenues

636 




560 




1,199 



Expenses













Acquisition costsnote (i)

(428)

899 

(48)%


(349)

743 

(47)%


(766)

1,660 

(46)%


Administration expenses

(250)

18,846 

(265)


(242)

18,214 

(266)


(503)

17,993 

(280)


DAC adjustmentsnote (ii)

33 




(13)




14 



Expected return on shareholder assets

20 




11 




26 



Operating profit

406 




322 




704 



 

Notes

(i)      The ratio for acquisition costs is calculated as a percentage of APE including with-profits sales. Acquisition costs include only those relating to shareholders.

(ii)     DAC adjustments have been adjusted for the retrospective application of the accounting policy improvement described in note B of the IFRS financial statements.

 

Analysis of Asian operating profit drivers

 

•        Spread income has increased by £9 million from £46 million in half year 2011 to £55 million in half year 2012, an increase of 19 per cent that predominantly reflects the growth of the Asian non-linked policyholder liabilities.

•        Fee income has marginally reduced from £67 million in half year 2011 to £66 million in half year 2012, broadly in line with the decrease in movement in average unit-linked liabilities, following the significant market falls in the second half of 2011. 

•        Insurance margin has increased by £31 million from £225 million in half year 2011 to £256 million in half year 2012 predominantly reflecting the continued growth of the in-force book, which contains a relatively high proportion of risk-based products. Insurance margin includes non-recurring items of £30 million (half year 2011: £25 million), reflecting assumption changes and other items that are not expected to reoccur in the future.

•        Margin on revenues has increased by £76 million from £560 million in half year 2011 to £636 million in half year 2012 reflecting the on-going growth in the size of the portfolio with increased premium recognised in the period. During the period the new business mix has moved towards those countries that levy higher premium charges. One-off items of negative £13 million are included in margin on revenues in half year 2012.

•        Acquisition costs have increased by 23 per cent from £349 million in half year 2011 to £428 million in half year 2012, compared to the 21 per cent increase in sales, resulting in a marginal increase in the acquisition cost ratio. The analysis above use shareholder acquisition costs as a proportion of total APE. If with-profits sales were excluded from the denominator the acquisition cost ratio would become 63 per cent (half year 2011: 60 per cent and full year 2011: 59 per cent). The small increase being the result of product mix changes, predominately in Hong Kong.

•        Administration expenses have increased marginally from £242 million to £250 million in half year 2012 as the business continues to expand. The administration expense ratio has reduced from 266 bps in half year 2011 to 265 bps in half year 2012.

•        Expected return on shareholder assets has increased to £20 million primarily due to higher shareholders assets and lower investment expenses in the period.

 


  


 



US

 




 



  

Half year 2012


Half year 2011


Full year 2011


  


Average 




Average 




Average 



  

Profit

Liability

note (iii)

Margin


Profit

Liability

note (iii)

Margin


Profit

Liability

note (iii)

Margin

Long-term business

£m

£m

bps


£m

£m

bps


£m

£m

bps


  


 




  




  


Spread income

349 

29,265 

238 


365 

27,883 

262 


730 

28,274 

258 

Fee income

408 

41,222 

198 


327 

33,475 

195 


680 

34,452 

197 

With-profits

 



  



  


Insurance margin

153 

 



113 

  



232 

  


Margin on revenues

 



  



  


Expenses


 




  




  



Acquisition costsnote (i)

(480)

719 

(67)%


(485)

672 

(72)%


(890)

1,275 

(70)%


Administration expenses

(242)

70,487 

(69)


(195)

61,358 

(64)


(412)

62,726 

(66)


DAC adjustmentsnote (ii)

219 

 



164 

  



228 

  


Expected return on shareholder assets

35 

 



51 

  



83 

  


Operating profit

442 

 



340 

  



651 

  


 

Notes

(i)      The ratio for acquisition costs is calculated as a percentage of APE.

(ii)     DAC adjustments have been adjusted for the retrospective application of the accounting policy improvement described in note B of the IFRS financial statements.

(iii)    The calculation of average liabilities for Jackson is derived from month-end balances throughout the period as opposed to opening and closing balances only, and liabilities held in the general account for variable annuity living and death guaranteed benefits are excluded from the calculation of the average as no spread income is earned on these balances. These changes were introduced in full year 2011 and half year 2011 has been amended for consistency albeit impacts are minimal.

 

Analysis of US operating profit drivers:

 

•        Spread incomebenefited from £75 million in half year 2012 from the effect of transactions entered into during 2011 and 2010 to more closely match the overall asset and liability duration (half year 2011: £53 million and full year 2011: £113 million). Excluding this effect, the spread margin would have been 187 bps (half year 2011: 224 bps and full year 2011: 218 bps). The reported spread margin decreased as a result of downward pressure on yields caused by the low interest rate environment, the effect of which was only partly mitigated by reductions in crediting rates.

•        Fee incomehas increased by 25 per cent to £408 million in half year 2012, compared to £327 million in half year 2011 as a result of the growth in separate account balances, primarily due to positive net flows from variable annuity business. Fee income margin has increased to 198 bps (half year 2011: 195 bps and full year 2011: 197 bps) reflecting the benefit of pricing action and changes to business mix. 

•        Insurance margin represents operating profits from insurance risks, including variable annuity guarantees and other sundry items. Positive net flows into variable annuity business with life contingent and other guarantee fees, coupled with the benefit in the period of repricing actions, have primarily resulted in an improvement in the margin from £113 million in half year 2011 to £153 million in half year 2012.

•        Acquisition costs,which are commissions and general expenses incurred to acquire new business, remained flat during the first half of 2012 compared to the first half of 2011. However, acquisition costs as a percentage of APE have decreased to 67 per cent for the first half of 2012, compared to 72 per cent for the first half of 2011, due to the continued increase in producers selecting asset based commission which is treated as an administrative expense in this analysis, rather than front end commissions.

•        Administration expenses increased to £242 million in half year 2012 compared to £195 million in half year 2011, primarily as a result of higher asset based commission paid on the larger 2012 separate account balance. Asset based commissions are paid upon policy anniversary dates and are treated as an administration expense in this analysis as opposed to a cost of acquisition and are offset by higher fee income. The administration cost was higher at 69 bps (half year 2011: 64 bps and full year 2011: 66 bps). Excluding these trail commission amounts, the resulting administration expense ratio would be 47 bps (half year 2011: 45 bps and full year 2011: 46 bps).

•        DAC adjustments increased to £219 million in the first half of 2012 compared to £164 million in the first half of 2011. 2011 was lowered by £66 million of accelerated DAC amortisation as a result of the reversal of the benefit received in 2008 from the mean reversion formula. Market movements in the period led to a deceleration of DAC amortisation of £25 million which was offset by higher amortisation as a result of higher gross profits in the first half of 2012. Following the adoption of the altered US GAAP principles for deferred acquisition costs, as described in note B of the IFRS financial statements, acquisition costs are no longer fully deferrable resulting in new business strain of £82 million (half year 2011: £80 million and full year 2011: £156 million).

 

 Analysis of pre-tax operating profit before and after acquisition costs and DAC adjustments














Half year 2012


Half year 2011




Acquisition costs




Acquisition costs




Other operating profits

Incurred

Deferred

Total


Other operating profits

Incurred

Deferred

Total



£m

£m

£m

£m


£m

£m

£m

£m

Total operating profit before acquisition costs and DAC adjustments

703 



703 


661 



661 

Less New business strain


(480)

398 

(82)



(485)

405 

(80)












Other DAC adjustments - amortisation of previously deferred acquisition costs











Normal



(204)

(204)




(175)

(175)


Decelerated (accelerated)



25 

25 




(66)

(66)

Total

703 

(480)

219 

442 


661 

(485)

164 

340 














Full year 2011









Acquisition costs









Other operating profits

Incurred

Deferred

Total








£m

£m

£m

£m






Total operating profit before acquisition costs and DAC adjustments

1,313 



1,313 






Less New business strain


(890)

734 

(156)

















Other DAC adjustments - amortisation of previously deferred acquisition costs











Normal



(316)

(316)







Accelerated



(190)

(190)






Total

1,313 

(890)

228 

651 






 


  





UK


 






  

Half year 2012


Half year 2011
note (ii)


Full year 2011


  


Average 




Average  

 



Average  



  

Profit  

Liability 

Margin 


Profit  

Liability 

Margin 


Profit  

Liability 

Margin 

Long-term business

£m 

£m 

bps 


£m 

£m 

bps 


£m 

£m 

bps 


  







 





Spread income

132 

25,302 

104 


122 

22,563 

108 


247 

23,520 

105 

Fee income

35 

21,269 

33 


29 

21,987 

26 


59 

21,476 

27 

With-profits

146 

81,134 

36 


154 

81,487 

38 


293 

81,281 

36 

Insurance margin

11 





 


27 



Margin on revenues

68 




78 


 


226 



Expenses







 






Acquisition costsnote (i)

(64)

412 

(16)%


(66)

409 

(16)%


(127)

746 

(17)%


Administration expenses

(63)

46,571 

(27)


(60)

44,550 

(27)


(128)

44,996 

(28)


DAC adjustments

(4)




(1)


 


(5)



Expected return on shareholders' assets

75 




69 


 


91 



Operating profit

336 




332 


 


683 



 

Notes

(i)      The ratio for acquisition costs is calculated as a percentage of APE including with-profits sales. Acquisition costs include only those relating to shareholders.

(ii)     Starting from full year 2011 and following the reduction in 2010 of the Group's interest in the PruHealth and PruProtect businesses from 50 per cent to 25 per cent, the profits of these businesses have been shown as a single line in the insurance margin line consistent with associate accounting principles. Half year 2011 has been amended in light of this change.

 

Analysis of UK operating profit drivers:

 

•      Spread income has increased from £122 million in half year 2011 to £132 million in half year 2012 principally due to increased new business profits from higher annuity sales. The margin has fallen slightly from 108 bps to 104 bps. Both periods benefited from similar levels of bulk annuity sales. 

 

•       Fee income margin increased from 26 bps in half year 2011 to 33 bps in half year 2012, with half year 2011 being reduced by 4 bps  or £4m due to an adjustment relating to 2011 and prior years, to reflect compensation paid to policyholders for historic pricing issues.

 

•       Margin on revenues represents premiums charges for expenses and other sundry net income received by the UK. Half year 2012 income was £68 million, lower than the £78 million recorded in half year 2011.

 

•       Acquisition costs as a percentage of new business sales are in line with half year 2011 at 16 per cent.

 

The ratio above expresses the percentage of shareholder acquisition costs as a percentage of total APE sales. It is therefore impacted by the level of with-profit sales in the year. Acquisition costs as a percentage of shareholder-backed new business sales were 33 per cent in half year 2012 (half year 2011: 31 per cent and full year 2011: 33 per cent).

 

•       Administration expenses have increased by £3 million to £63 million primarily as a result of increased project expenditure. The administration expense ratio of 27 bps for 2012 is consistent with that recorded in the prior half year.

 

•       Expected return on shareholder has increased from £69 million in half year 2011 to £75 million in half year 2012 principally due to higher IFRS shareholder funds. 

 

2          Asia operations - analysis of IFRS operating profit by territory

 

Operating profit based on longer-term investment returns for Asia operations are analysed as follows:

 


  


  

  


  

Half year

2012

Half year

2011*

Full year

2011*


  

£m

£m

£m

Underlying operating profit


  

  


China

11 


Hong Kong

47 

31 

69 


India

28 

24 

47 


Indonesia

123 

95 

212 


Japan


Korea

17 


Malaysia  

60 

57 

104 


Philippines


Singapore

93 

72 

167 


Taiwan (bancassurance business)

(9)


Thailand


Vietnam

18 

16 

30 


Other

Non-recurrent itemsnote (ii)

17 

25 

38 

Total insurance operations note (i)

409 

324 

709 

Development expenses

(3)

(2)

(5)

Total long-term business operating profit  

406 

322 

704 

Eastspring Investments

34 

43 

80 

Total Asia operations  

440 

365 

784 

* The 2011 comparative results have been adjusted from those previously published for the retrospective application of the improvement in accounting policy described in note B.

 

Notes

(i)      Analysis of operating profit between new and in-force business

The result for insurance operations comprises amounts in respect of new business and business in force as follows:

 


Half year

2012

Half year

2011*

Full year

2011*


£m

£m

£m

New business strain

(40)

(41)

(70)

Business in force

449 

365 

779 

Total

409 

324 

709 

 

The IFRS new business strain corresponds to approximately 4 per cent of new business APE premiums for half year 2012 (half year 2011: approximately 6 per cent; full year 2011: approximately 4 per cent).

 

The strain reflects the aggregate of the pre-tax regulatory basis strain to net worth after IFRS adjustments for deferral of acquisition costs and deferred income where appropriate.

 

(ii)     Non-recurrent items of £17 million in half year 2012 (half year 2011: £25 million; full year 2011: £38 million), represents a small number of items that are not anticipated to re-occur in subsequent periods.

 

3     Analysis of asset management operating profit based on longer-term investment returns

 

  

 

   




  

Half year 2012

  

M&G 

Eastspring Investments  

PruCap 

US 

Total 

  

£m 

notes (i)(ii)

£m 

 note (ii)

£m 

£m 

£m 

Operating income before performance-related fees

354 

96   

59 

142 

651 

Performance-related fees

1   

 - 

 - 

 2 

Operating income*

355 

97   

59 

142 

653 

Operating expense

(186)

(63)  

(35)

(125)

(409)

Share of associate's results

 -   

 - 

 - 

 6 

Operating profit based on longer-term investment returns

175 

34   

24 

17 

250 

Average funds under management (FUM), including 47% proportional share of PPM South Africa**

£200.6 bn

   




Average funds under management (FUM), excluding PPM South Africa**

£196.8 bn

£ 52.1 bn 




Margin based on operating income**

36 bps

37  bps




Cost/income ratio

53%

66%  




 

  

 

 




  

Half year 2011

  

M&G 

Eastspring Investments

PruCap 

US 

Total 

  

£m 

notes (i)(ii)

£m 

note (ii)

£m 

£m 

£m 

Operating income before performance-related fees

330 

98 

55 

125 

608 

Performance-related fees

12 

 3 

 - 

 - 

15 

Operating income*

342 

101 

55 

125 

623 

Operating expense

(183)

(58)

(28)

(108)

(377)

Share of associate's results

13 

 - 

 - 

 - 

13 

Operating profit based on longer-term investment returns

172 

43 

27 

17 

259 

Average funds under management (FUM), including 100% share of PPM South Africa**

£200.5 bn 

  




Average funds under management (FUM), excluding PPM South Africa**

£191.4 bn

£52.2 bn




Margin based on operating income**

34 bps

38 bps




Cost/income ratio

55%

59%




 

  

 

 




  

Full year 2011

  

M&G

Eastspring Investments

PruCap

US

Total

  

£m 

notes (i)(ii)

£m 

note (ii)

£m

£m

£m

Operating income before performance-related fees

666 

196 

122 

249 

1,233 

Performance-related fees

13 

 - 

 - 

19 

Operating income*

679 

202 

122 

249 

1,252 

Operating expense

(404)

(122)

(66)

(225)

(817)

Share of associate's results

26 

 - 

 - 

 - 

26 

Operating profit based on longer-term investment returns

301 

80 

56 

24 

461 

Average funds under management (FUM), including 100% share of PPM South Africa**

£199.8 bn

 




Average funds under management (FUM), excluding PPM South Africa**

£191.1 bn

£51.1 bn




Margin based on operating income**

35 

38 bps




Cost/income ratio

61%

62%




 

Notes

(i)      Following the divestment in the first half of 2012 of M&G's holding in PPM South Africa from 75 per cent to 47 per cent and its treatment from 2012 as an associate, M&G's operating income and expense no longer includes any element from PPM South Africa. In order to avoid period on period distortion, in the table above the 2011 operating income, margin and cost/income ratio reflect the retrospective application of this basis of presentation for half year 2011 and full year 2011 results.

 

(ii)     M&G and Eastspring Investments can be further analysed as follows:

 



  

  

  


  




  

  

  


  



  

M&G

  


  




  

Eastspring Invesments

  


  

Operating income before performance related fees


Operating income before performance related fees


Retail 

Margin 

 of FUM **§

Institu- 

tional 

Margin 

 of FUM **

Total

Margin 

 of FUM **



Retail

Margin

 of FUM**§

Institu-

tional

Margin

 of FUM**

Total

Margin

 of FUM**


£m 

bps 

£m 

bps 

£m 

bps 



£m 

bps 

£m 

bps 

£m 

bps 

30 Jun 2012

218 

96 

136 

18 

354 

36 


30 Jun 2012

56 

65 

40 

23 

96 

37 

30 Jun 2011

198 

97 

132 

18 

330 

34 


30 Jun 2011

61 

60 

37 

23 

98 

38 

31 Dec 2011

396 

98 

270 

18 

666 

35 


31 Dec 2011

120 

64 

76 

23 

196 

38 

 

 

*    Operating income is net of commissions. M&G's operating income excludes any contribution from M&G's associate, PPM South Africa.

**  Margin represents operating income before performance related fees as a proportion of the related funds under management (FUM), excluding PPM South Africa. Half year figures have been annualised by multiplying by two. For half year 2012, the opening balance of M&G's FUM has been adjusted to remove the proportional share of PPM South Africa divested following the change in treatment to associate at the beginning of the period. Opening and closing internal and external funds managed by the respective entity have been used to derive the average. Any funds held by the Group's insurance operations which are managed by third parties outside of the Prudential Group are excluded from these amounts.

        Cost/income ratio represents cost as a percentage of operating income before performance related fees. In order to avoid period on period distortion, M&G's operating income and expense excludes any contribution from M&G's associate, PPM South Africa.

    Institutional includes internal funds.

§     As noted above, the margins on operating income are based on the average of the opening and closing FUM balances. For Eastspring Investments, if a monthly average FUM had been used in calculating the retail margins for half year 2012 and half year 2011, the retail margins would have been 63 bps for half year 2012 and 61 bps for half year 2011.

 

4          IFRS shareholders' funds summary by business unit and net asset value per share

 

i       Shareholders' funds summary


 

30 Jun 

2012 


30 Jun  

2011 *

31 Dec 

2011 *


 

£m 


£m 

£m 

Asia operations



  

  

Insurance operations



  

  


Net assets of operation 

2,166 


1,985 

2,071 


Acquired goodwill

237 


239 

235 


Total

2,403 


2,224 

2,306 

Eastspring Investments



  

  


Net assets of operation

202 


212 

211 


Acquired goodwill

61 


61 

61 


Total

263 


273 

272 

Total

2,666 


2,497 

2,578 

US operations



  

  


Jackson (net of surplus note borrowings) 

3,919 


3,298 

3,761 


Broker-dealer and asset management operations:



  

  


Net assets of operation

108 


108 

113 


Acquired goodwill

16 


16 

16 


Total

124 


124 

129 

Total

4,043 


3,422 

3,890 

UK operations



  

  

Insurance operations:



  

  


Long-term business operation

2,709 


2,294 

2,552 


Other

13 


48 

29 


Total

2,722 


2,342 

2,581 

M&G



  

  


Net assets of operation

348 


310 

229 


Acquired goodwill

1,153 


1,153 

1,153 


Total

1,501 


1,463 

1,382 

Total

4,223 


3,805 

3,963 

Other operations



  

  


Holding company net borrowings 

(1,965)


(2,117)

(2,001)


Shareholders' share of provision for future deficit funding of the Prudential Staff Pension Scheme (net of tax)

38 


(8)

(5)


Other net assets 

287 


391 

139 

Total

(1,640)


(1,734)

(1,867)

Total of all operations

9,292 


7,990 

8,564 

 

ii     Net asset value per share  

 

 




  

  


  

30 Jun  

2012  


30 Jun  

2011 *

31 Dec 

2011 *

Closing equity shareholders' funds

£9,292m 


£7,990m  

£8,564m 

Net asset value per share attributable to equity shareholdersnote (i)

364p  


314p   

336p  

* The 2011 comparative results have been adjusted from those previously published for the retrospective application of the improvement in accounting policy described in note B.

 

Note

(i)      Based on the closing issued share capital as at:

•     30 June 2012 of 2,556 million shares;

•     30 June 2011 of 2,548 million shares; and

•     31 December 2011 of 2,548 million shares.

 

5     Funds under management

 

i        Summary

 


  





  

30 Jun

2012

30 Jun

2011

31 Dec

2011


  

£bn

£bn

£bn

Business area  




Asia operations

35.0 

32.2 

32.6 

US operations

78.1 

67.2 

71.9 

UK operations

147.4 

146.4 

146.3 

Internal funds under management

260.5 

245.8 

250.8 

External funds note (i)

102.7 

103.7 

99.8 

Total funds under management

363.2 

349.5 

350.6 

 

Note

(i)      External funds shown above for 30 June 2012 of £102.7 billion (30 June 2011: £103.7 billion; 31 December 2011: £99.8 billion) comprise £110.2 billion (30 June 2011: £109.9 billion; 31 December 2011: £107.0 billion) in respect of investment products, as published in the New Business schedules (see schedule 7) plus Asia Money Market Funds for 30 June 2012 of £4.1 billion (30 June 2011: £5.3 billion;
31 December 2011: £4.2 billion) less £11.6 billion (30 June 2011: £11.5 billion; 31 December 2011: £11.4 billion) that are classified within internal funds.

 

(ii)     Internal funds under management - analysis by business area

 

  













  

Asia operations

US operations

UK operations


Total

  

30 Jun

2012

30 Jun

2011

31 Dec

2011

30 Jun

2012

30 Jun

2011

31 Dec

2011

30 Jun

2012

30 Jun

2011

31 Dec

2011

30 Jun

2012

30 Jun

2011

31 Dec

2011

  

£bn

£bn

£bn

£bn

£bn

£bn

£bn

£bn

£bn

£bn

£bn

£bn

Investment propertiesnote (i)

0.1 

0.1 

0.1 

11.0 

11.5 

10.9 

11.1 

11.6 

11.0 

Equity securities

12.6 

14.2 

12.0 

43.9 

36.2 

38.1 

34.0 

40.6 

37.3 

90.5 

91.0 

87.4 

Debt securities

19.4 

15.4 

17.7 

27.1 

25.3 

27.0 

81.8 

76.5 

79.8 

128.3 

117.2 

124.5 

Loans

1.2 

1.2 

1.2 

4.1 

4.1 

4.1 

4.7 

3.7 

4.4 

10.0 

9.0 

9.7 

Other investments and deposits

1.8 

1.4 

1.7 

2.9 

1.5 

2.6 

15.9 

14.1 

13.9 

20.6 

17.0 

18.2 

Total

35.0 

32.2 

32.6 

78.1 

67.2 

71.9 

147.4 

146.4 

146.3 

260.5 

245.8 

250.8 

 

Note

(i)      As included in the investments section of the consolidated statement of financial position at 30 June 2012 except for £0.3 billion (30 June 2011: £0.5 billion; 31 December 2011: £0.2 billion) properties which are held-for-sale or occupied by the Group and, accordingly under IFRS, are included in other statement of financial position captions.

 

6     Effect of foreign currency rate movements on results

 

i       Rates of exchange

The income statements of foreign subsidiaries are translated at average exchange rates for the year. Assets and liabilities of foreign subsidiaries are translated at closing exchange rates. Foreign currency borrowings that have been used to provide a hedge against the Group's equity investments in overseas subsidiaries are also translated at closing exchange rates. The impact of these translations is recorded as a component of the movement in shareholders' equity.

The following translation rates have been applied:

 


Closing

Average

Closing

Average

Closing

Average

Local currency: £

30 Jun

2012

30 Jun

2012

30 Jun

2011

30 Jun

2011

31 Dec

2011

31 Dec

2011

Hong Kong

12.17 

12.24 

12.49 

12.58 

12.07 

12.48 

Indonesia

14,731.67 

14,460.30 

13,767.54 

14,133.01 

14,091.80 

14,049.41 

Malaysia

4.98 

4.87 

4.85 

4.9 

4.93 

4.90 

Singapore

1.99 

1.99 

1.97 

2.03 

2.02 

2.02 

India

87.57 

82.27 

71.77 

72.74 

82.53 

74.80 

Vietnam

32,788.45 

32,937.67 

33,048.21 

33,110.56 

32,688.16 

33,139.22 

USA

1.57 

1.58 

1.61 

1.62 

1.55 

1.60 

 

ii     Effect of rate movements on results

 

 

 

CERnote (i)


  

As published

Memorandum*

Memorandum*


  

Half year

 2012 

Half year

 2011  

Full year

 2011  

IFRS basis results

£m

£m

£m

Asia operations:

 

 

  


Long-term operations

409 

322 

704 


Development expenses

(3)

(2)

(5)


Total Asia insurance operations after development costs

406 

320 

699 


Eastspring Investments

34 

44 

80 

Total Asia operations  

440 

364 

779 

US operations

 

  

  


Jacksonnote (ii)

442 

349 

662 


Broker-dealer, asset management and Curian operations

17 

17 

24 

Total US operations

459 

366 

686 

UK operations

 

  

  


Long-term business

336 

332 

683 


General insurance commission

17 

21 

40 


Total UK insurance operations

353 

353 

723 


M&G

199 

199 

357 

Total UK operations

552 

552 

1,080 

Total segment profit

1,451 

1,282 

2,545 

Other income and expenditure

(255)

(253)

(483)

RPI to CPI inflation measure change on defined benefit pension schemes

42 

42 

Solvency II implementation costs

(27)

(27)

(55)

Restructuring costs

(7)

(8)

(16)

Operating profit from continuing operations based on longer-term investment returns

1,162 

1,036 

2,033 

Shareholders' funds

9,292 

7,976 

8,546 

* The 2011 comparative results have been adjusted from those previously published for the retrospective application of the improvement in accounting policy described in note B.

 




  

 

  




  

CERnote (i)




As published 

Half year

 2012 

Memorandum 

 Half year

 2011 

Memorandum 

Full year

 2011

EEV basis results

£m 

£m 

£m 

Asia operations:

 

 

  



New business

547 

468 

1,074 



Business in force

325 

310 

688 



Long-term operations

872 

778 

1,762 



Eastspring Investments

34 

44 

80 



Development expenses

(3)

(2)

(5)

Total Asia operations

903 

820 

1,837 

US operations

 

  

  



New business

442 

470 

829 



Business in force

363 

382 

626 



Jackson

805 

852 

1,455 



Broker-dealer, asset management and Curian operations

17 

17 

24 

Total US operations

822 

869 

1,479 

UK operations

 

  

  



New business

152 

146 

260 



Business in force

338 

391 

593 



Long-term business

490 

537 

853 



General insurance commission

17 

21 

40 



Total insurance

507 

558 

893 



M&G

199 

199 

357 

Total UK operations

706 

757 

1,250 




 

  

  

Other income and expenditure

(285)

(281)

(536)

RPI to CPI inflation measure change on defined benefit pension schemes

45 

45 

Solvency II implementation costs

(29)

(28)

(56)

Restructuring costs

(8)

(9)

(18)

Operating profit from continuing operations based on longer-term investment returns

2,109 

2,173 

4,001 

Shareholders' funds

20,605 

18,898 

19,521 

Note

(i)      The 'as published' operating profit for 2012 and 'memorandum' operating profit for 2011 have been calculated by applying average 2012 exchange rates (CER).

The 'as published' shareholders' funds for 2012 and memorandum' shareholders' funds for 2011 have been calculated by applying closing period end 2012 exchange rates.

 

7     New Business Schedules

 

BASIS OF PREPARATION

 

The new business schedules are provided as an indicative volume measure of transactions undertaken in the reporting period that have the potential to generate profits for shareholders. The amounts shown are not, and not intended to be, reflective of premium income recorded in the IFRS income statement.

 

The format of the schedules is consistent with the distinction between insurance and investment products as applied for previous financial reporting periods. Products categorised as insurance refer to those classified as contracts of long-term insurance business for regulatory reporting purposes, ie falling within one of the classes of insurance specified in part II of Schedule 1 to the Regulated Activities Order under FSA regulations.

 

The details shown for insurance products include contributions for contracts that are classified under IFRS 4 'Insurance Contracts' as not containing significant insurance risk. These products are described as investment contracts or other financial instruments under IFRS. Contracts included in this category are primarily certain unit-linked and similar contracts written in UK Insurance Operations, and Guaranteed Investment Contracts and similar funding agreements written in US Operations.

 

New business premiums for regular premium products are shown on an annualised basis. Internal vesting business is classified as new business where the contracts include an open market option. New business premiums reflect those premiums attaching to covered business, including premiums for contracts designed as investment products for IFRS reporting.

 

Investment products referred to in the tables for funds under management are unit trusts, mutual funds and similar types of retail fund management arrangements. These are unrelated to insurance products that are classified as investment contracts under IFRS 4, as described in the preceding paragraph, although similar IFRS recognition and measurement principles apply to the acquisition costs and fees attaching to this type of business.

 

New Business Profit has been determined using the European Embedded Value (EEV) methodology and assumptions set out in our 2011 Annual Report.

 

In determining the EEV basis value of new business written in the period policies incept, premiums are included in projected cash flows on the same basis of distinguishing annual and single premium business as set out for statutory basis reporting.

 

Notes to Schedules 7(a) - 7(f)

 

(1a)      Insurance and investment new business for overseas operations has been calculated using average exchange rates. The applicable rate for Jackson for half year 2012 is 1.58.

(1b)      Insurance and investment new business for overseas operations for 2011 has been calculated using constant exchange rates. The applicable rate for Jackson is 1.58.

(2)        New business values are all presented pre-tax.

(3)        Annual Equivalents, calculated as regular new business contributions plus 10 per cent of single new business contributions, are subject to roundings. PVNBPs are calculated as equalling single premiums plus the present value of expected premiums of new regular premium business. In determining the present value, allowance is made for lapses and other assumptions applied in determining the EEV new business profit.

(4)        Balance includes segregated and pooled pension funds, private finance assets and other institutional clients. Other movements reflect the net flows arising from the cash component of a tactical asset allocation fund managed by PPM South Africa.

(5)        New business in India is included at Prudential's 26 per cent interest in the India life operation. 

(6)        Balance Sheet figures have been calculated at the closing exchange rate.

(7)        Sales are converted using the year-to-date average exchange rate applicable at the time. The sterling results for individual quarters represent the difference between the year-to-date reported sterling results at successive quarters and will include foreign exchange movements from earlier periods.

(8)        New business in China is included at Prudential's 50 per cent interest in the China life operation. 

(9)        Mandatory Provident Fund (MPF) product sales in Hong Kong are included at Prudential's 36 per cent interest in    Hong Kong MPF operation.

(10)      Investment flows for the half year exclude Eastspring Money Market Funds (MMF) gross inflows of £25,355 million (half year 2011: £35,199 million) and net inflows of £103 million (half year 2011 net outflows: £383 million).

(11)      From 1 January 2012, Prudential Portfolio Managers South Africa (Pty) Limited is no longer a subsidiary of M&G following the restructuring transaction whereby M&G's ownership has been diluted following the equitisation of the staff incentive scheme and reduced further by the sale of an additional 10 per cent equity stake to an empowerment company as encouraged under Broad Based Black Economic Empowerment legislation. Only 47.2 per cent of funds under management and flows from the South African associate company will be included in M&G's results from 2012 onwards whereas 100 per cent has been included up to the end of 2011.

 

Schedule 7(a) - Reported Exchange Rates

Prudential plc - NEW BUSINESS - Half year 2012

INSURANCE OPERATIONS

 

  









  




  

Single


Regular


Annual Equivalents

 (3)

PVNBP


  

Half year 

 2012 

Half year 

 2011 


Half year 

 2012 

Half year 

 2011 


Half year 

 2011 

  

Half year 

 2012 

Half year 

 2011 


  

YTD 

YTD 

+/- (%) 

YTD 

YTD 

+/- (%) 

YTD 

+/- (%) 

YTD 

YTD 

+/- (%) 

  

£m 

£m 


£m 

£m 


£m 

£m 

  

£m 

£m 


Group Insurance Operations






  



Asia (1a) (7)

 669 

 744 

(10%)

 832 

 668 

25%

 743 

21%

 4,725 

 3,939 

20%

US(1a) (7)

 7,119 

 6,615 

8%

 8 

 10 

(20%)

 672 

7%

 7,180 

 6,689 

7%

UK

 2,960 

 2,520 

17%

 116 

 157 

(26%)

 412 

 409 

1%

 3,495 

 3,264 

7%

Group Total  

 10,748 

 9,879 

9%

 956 

 835 

14%

 2,030 

 1,824 

11%

 15,400 

 13,892 

11%

  






  



Asia Insurance Operations(1a) (7)








  




Hong Kong

 43 

 76 

(43%)

 173 

 143 

21%

 151 

17%

 998 

 883 

13%

Indonesia

 159 

 85 

87%

 190 

 150 

27%

 158 

30%

 831 

 573 

45%

Malaysia

 46 

 42 

10%

 93 

 87 

7%

 91 

8%

 609 

 526 

16%

Philippines

 89 

 49 

82%

 12 

 9 

33%

 14 

50%

 123 

 73 

68%

Singapore

 164 

 173 

(5%)

 125 

 86 

45%

 103 

37%

 1,029 

 778 

32%

Thailand

 6 

 5 

20%

 19 

 10 

90%

 11 

73%

 71 

 42 

69%

Vietnam

 - 

-

N/A

 18 

 19 

(5%)

 18 

 19 

(5%)

 63 

 65 

(3%)

SE Asia Operations inc. Hong Kong

 507 

18%

 630 

25%

 547 

24%

 3,724 

27%

China(8)

 17 

 35 

(51%)

 32 

 31 

3%

 35 

(6%)

 156 

 173 

(10%)

Korea

 15 

 44 

(66%)

 43 

 51 

(16%)

 55 

(18%)

 235 

 292 

(20%)

Taiwan

 86 

 127 

(32%)

 79 

 46 

72%

 59 

49%

 380 

 285 

33%

India(5)

 44 

 108 

(59%)

 48 

 36 

33%

 53 

 47 

13%

 230 

 249 

(8%)

Total Asia Operations  

 669 

 744 

(10%)

 832 

 668 

25%

 899 

 743 

21%

 4,725 

 3,939 

20%

  






  



US Insurance Operations(1a) (7)








  




Fixed Annuities

 312 

 229 

36%

 - 

 - 

N/A

 23 

35%

 312 

 229 

36%

Fixed Index Annuities

 503 

 415 

21%

 - 

 - 

N/A

 42 

19%

 503 

 415 

21%

Life

 4 

 6 

(33%)

 8 

 10 

(20%)

 11 

(27%)

 65 

 80 

(19%)

Variable Annuities

 6,114 

 5,892 

4%

 - 

 - 

N/A

 589 

4%

 6,114 

 5,892 

4%

Wholesale

 186 

 73 

155%

 - 

 - 

N/A

 19 

 7 

171%

 186 

 73 

155%

Total US Insurance Operations

 7,119 

 6,615 

8%

 8 

 10 

(20%)

 719 

 672 

7%

 7,180 

 6,689 

7%

  






  



UK & Europe Insurance Operations








  




Direct and Partnership Annuities

 139 

 184 

(24%)

 - 

 - 

N/A

 18 

(22%)

 139 

 184 

(24%)

Intermediated Annuities

 249 

 117 

113%

 - 

 - 

N/A

 12 

108%

 249 

 117 

113%

Internal Vesting Annuities

 657 

 561 

17%

 - 

 - 

N/A

 66 

 56 

18%

 657 

 561 

17%

Total Individual Annuities

 1,045 

21%

 - 

N/A

 86 

22%

 1,045 

21%

Corporate Pensions

 134 

 121 

11%

 91 

 135 

(33%)

 147 

(29%)

 551 

 750 

(27%)

On-shore Bonds

 1,060 

 835 

27%

 - 

-

N/A

 84 

26%

 1,060 

 836 

27%

Other Products

 449 

 421 

7%

 25 

 22 

14%

 64 

9%

 567 

 535 

6%

Wholesale

 272 

 281 

(3%)

 - 

-

N/A

 27 

 28 

(4%)

 272 

 281 

(3%)

Total UK & Europe Insurance Ops

 2,960 

 2,520 

17%

 116 

 157 

(26%)

 412 

 409 

1%

 3,495 

 3,264 

7%

Group Total  

 10,748 

 9,879 

9%

 956 

 835 

14%

 2,030 

 1,824 

11%

 15,400 

 13,892 

11%

 

Schedule 7(b) - Constant Exchange Rates

Prudential plc - NEW BUSINESS -Half year 2012

INSURANCE OPERATIONS

 

  









  




  

Single


Regular


Annual Equivalents(3)

PVNBP

  

Half year 

 2012 

Half year 

 2011 


Half year 

 2012 

Half year 

 2011 


Half year 

 2012 

Half year 

 2011 

  

Half year 

 2012 

Half year 

 2011 


  

YTD 

YTD 

+/- (%) 

YTD 

YTD 

+/- (%) 

YTD 

YTD 

+/- (%) 

YTD 

YTD 

+/- (%) 

  

£m 

£m 


£m 

£m 


£m 

£m 

  

£m 

£m 


Group Insurance Operations









  




Asia  (1b) (7)

 669 

 734 

(9%)

 832 

 670 

24%

 899 

 743 

21%

 4,725 

 3,953 

20%

US(1b) (7)

 7,119 

 6,783 

5%

 8 

 10 

(20%)

 719 

 688 

5%

 7,180 

 6,859 

5%

UK

 2,960 

 2,520 

17%

 116 

 157 

(26%)

 412 

 409 

1%

 3,495 

 3,264 

7%

Group Total  

 10,748 

 10,037 

7%

 956 

 837 

14%

 2,030 

 1,840 

10%

 15,400 

 14,076 

9%

  









  




Asia Insurance Operations(1b) (7)









  




Hong Kong

 43 

 78 

(45%)

 173 

 149 

16%

 177 

 155 

14%

 998 

 907 

10%

Indonesia

 159 

 83 

92%

 190 

 146 

30%

 206 

 154 

34%

 831 

 560 

48%

Malaysia

 46 

 42 

10%

 93 

 87 

7%

 98 

 92 

7%

 609 

 530 

15%

Philippines

 89 

 51 

75%

 12 

 9 

33%

 21 

 14 

50%

 123 

 76 

62%

Singapore

 164 

 177 

(7%)

 125 

 88 

42%

 141 

 106 

33%

 1,029 

 794 

30%

Thailand

 6 

 5 

20%

 19 

 10 

90%

 19 

 11 

73%

 71 

 42 

69%

Vietnam

 - 

 - 

N/A

 18 

 19 

(5%)

 18 

 19 

(5%)

 63 

 65 

(3%)

SE Asia Operations inc. Hong Kong

 507 

 436 

16%

 630 

 508 

24%

 680 

 551 

23%

 3,724 

 2,974 

25%

China(8)

 17 

 37 

(54%)

 32 

 33 

(3%)

 33 

 37 

(11%)

 156 

 184 

(15%)

Korea

 15 

 42 

(64%)

 43 

 51 

(16%)

 45 

 55 

(18%)

 235 

 288 

(18%)

Taiwan

 86 

 124 

(31%)

 79 

 46 

72%

 88 

 58 

52%

 380 

 286 

33%

India(5)

 44 

 95 

(54%)

 48 

 32 

50%

 53 

 42 

26%

 230 

 221 

4%

Total Asia operations

 669 

 734 

(9%)

 832 

 670 

24%

 899 

 743 

21%

 4,725 

 3,953 

20%

  









  




US Insurance Operations(1b) (7)









  




Fixed Annuities

 312 

 235 

33%

 - 

 - 

N/A

 31 

 24 

29%

 312 

 235 

33%

Fixed Index Annuities

 503 

 425 

18%

 - 

 - 

N/A

 50 

 43 

16%

 503 

 425 

18%

Life

 4 

 6 

(33%)

 8 

 10 

(20%)

 8 

 10 

(20%)

 65 

 82 

(21%)

Variable Annuities

 6,114 

 6,042 

1%

 - 

 - 

N/A

 611 

 604 

1%

 6,114 

 6,042 

1%

Wholesale

 186 

 75 

148%

 - 

 - 

N/A

 19 

 7 

171%

 186 

 75 

148%

Total US Insurance Operations

 7,119 

 6,783 

5%

 8 

 10 

(20%)

 719 

 688 

5%

 7,180 

 6,859 

5%

  









  




UK & Europe Insurance Operations









  




Direct and Partnership Annuities

 139 

 184 

(24%)

 - 

 - 

N/A

 14 

 18 

(22%)

 139 

 184 

(24%)

Intermediated Annuities

 249 

 117 

113%

 - 

 - 

N/A

 25 

 12 

108%

 249 

 117 

113%

Internal Vesting Annuities

 657 

 561 

17%

 - 

 - 

N/A

 66 

 56 

18%

 657 

 561 

17%

Total Individual Annuities

 1,045 

 862 

21%

 - 

 - 

N/A

 105 

 86 

22%

 1,045 

 862 

21%

Corporate Pensions

 134 

 121 

11%

 91 

 135 

(33%)

 104 

 147 

(29%)

 551 

 750 

(27%)

On-shore Bonds

 1,060 

 835 

27%

 - 

 - 

N/A

 106 

 84 

26%

 1,060 

 836 

27%

Other Products

 449 

 421 

7%

 25 

 22 

14%

 70 

 64 

9%

 567 

 535 

6%

Wholesale

 272 

 281 

(3%)

 - 

 - 

N/A

 27 

 28 

(4%)

 272 

 281 

(3%)

Total UK & Europe Insurance Ops

 2,960 

 2,520 

17%

 116 

 157 

(26%)

 412 

 409 

1%

 3,495 

 3,264 

7%

Group Total  

 10,748 

 10,037 

7%

 956 

 837 

14%

 2,030 

 1,840 

10%

 15,400 

 14,076 

9%

 

Schedule 7(c) - Reported Exchange Rates

Prudential plc - NEW BUSINESS - Half year 2012

TOTAL INSURANCE NEW BUSINESS APE - BY QUARTER

 

  







  

2011 

2012 

  

Q1 

Q2 

Q3 

Q4 

Q1 

Q2 

  

£m 

£m 

£m 

£m 

£m 

£m 

Group Insurance Operations







Asia (1a)(7)

 367 

 376 

 404 

 513 

 443 

 456 

US(1a)(7)

 322 

 350 

 316 

 287 

 332 

 387 

UK  

 199 

 210 

 160 

 177 

 189 

 223 

Group Total  

 888 

 936 

 880 

 977 

 964 

 1,066 

  







Asia Insurance Operations(1a)(7)







Hong Kong

 77 

 74 

 78 

 102 

 85 

 92 

Indonesia

 74 

 84 

 81 

 124 

 97 

 109 

Malaysia

 44 

 47 

 59 

 73 

 45 

 53 

Philippines

 6 

 8 

 8 

 8 

 10 

 11 

Singapore

 47 

 56 

 60 

 72 

 72 

 69 

Thailand

 5 

 6 

 9 

 7 

 11 

 8 

Vietnam

 8 

 11 

 10 

 13 

 7 

 11 

SE Asia Operations inc. Hong Kong

 261 

 286 

 305 

 399 

 327 

 353 

China(8)

 18 

 17 

 11 

 13 

 17 

 16 

Korea

 28 

 27 

 26 

 20 

 21 

 24 

Taiwan

 29 

 30 

 36 

 53 

 43 

 45 

India(5)

 31 

 16 

 26 

 28 

 35 

 18 

Total Asia Insurance Operations

 367 

 376 

 404 

 513 

 443 

 456 

  







US Insurance Operations(1a)(7)







Fixed Annuities

 13 

 10 

 10 

 14 

 16 

 15 

Fixed Index Annuities

 20 

 22 

 26 

 25 

 25 

 25 

Life

 5 

 6 

 5 

 4 

 4 

 4 

Variable Annuities

 284 

 305 

 262 

 240 

 279 

 332 

Wholesale

-

 7 

 13 

 4 

 8 

 11 

Total US Insurance Operations

 322 

 350 

 316 

 287 

 332 

 387 

  







UK & Europe Insurance Operations







Direct and Partnership Annuities

 10 

 8 

 8 

 6 

 7 

 7 

Intermediated Annuities

 5 

 7 

 6 

 6 

 10 

 15 

Internal Vesting annuities

 27 

 29 

 32 

 34 

 31 

 35 

Total Individual Annuities

 42 

 44 

 47 

 46 

 48 

 57 

Corporate Pensions

 78 

 69 

 43 

 43 

 49 

 55 

On-shore Bonds

 43 

 41 

 43 

 51 

 55 

 51 

Other Products

 36 

 28 

 27 

 31 

 37 

 33 

Wholesale

 - 

 28 

 - 

 6 

 - 

 27 

Total UK & Europe Insurance Operations

 199 

 210 

 160 

 177 

 189 

 223 

Group Total

 888 

 936 

 880 

 977 

 964 

 1,066 

 

 

Schedule 7(d) - Constant Exchange Rates

Prudential plc - NEW BUSINESS - Half year 2012

TOTAL INSURANCE NEW BUSINESS APE - BY QUARTER

 

  







  

2011 

2012 

  

Q1 

Q2 

Q3 

Q4 

Q1 

Q2 

  

£m 

£m 

£m 

£m 

£m 

£m 

Group Insurance Operations







Asia(1b)(7)

 368 

 375 

 399 

 512 

 443 

 456 

US(1b) (7)

 327 

 361 

 323 

 285 

 332 

 387 

UK  

 199 

 210 

160 

177 

189 

223 

Group Total

 894 

 946 

 882 

 974 

 964 

 1,066 

  







Asia Insurance Operations(1b)(7)







Hong Kong

 79 

 76 

 80 

 102 

 85 

 92 

Indonesia

 73 

 81 

 77 

 122 

 97 

 109 

Malaysia

 44 

 48 

 59 

 74 

 45 

 53 

Philippines

 7 

 7 

 8 

 8 

 10 

 11 

Singapore

 48 

 58 

 58 

 73 

 72 

 69 

Thailand

 5 

 6 

 9 

 6 

 11 

 8 

Vietnam

 8 

 11 

 11 

 13 

 7 

 11 

SE Asia Operations inc. Hong Kong

 264 

 287 

 302 

 398 

 327 

 353 

China(8)

 19 

 18 

 12 

 13 

 17 

 16 

Korea

 28 

 27 

 25 

 20 

 21 

 24 

Taiwan

 29 

 29 

 37 

 54 

 43 

 45 

India(5)

 28 

 14 

 23 

 27 

 35 

 18 

Total Asia Insurance Operations  

 368 

 375 

 399 

 512 

 443 

 456 

  







US Insurance Operations(1b) (7)







Fixed Annuities

 13 

 11 

 10 

 14 

 16 

 15 

Fixed Index Annuities

 21 

 22 

 27 

 25 

 25 

 25 

Life

 5 

 5 

 5 

 5 

 4 

 4 

Variable Annuities

 288 

 316 

 267 

 238 

 279 

 332 

Wholesale

 - 

 7 

 14 

 3 

 8 

 11 

Total US Insurance Operations

 327 

 361 

 323 

 285 

 332 

 387 

  







UK & Europe Insurance Operations







Direct and Partnership Annuities

 10 

 8 

Intermediated Annuities

 5 

 7 

10 

15 

Internal Vesting annuities

 27 

 29 

32 

34 

31 

35 

Total Individual Annuities

 42 

 44 

 47 

 46 

 48 

 57 

Corporate Pensions

 78 

 69 

43 

43 

49 

55 

On-shore Bonds

 43 

 41 

43 

51 

55 

51 

Other Products

 36 

 28 

27 

31 

37 

33 

Wholesale

 - 

 28 

27 

Total UK & Europe Insurance Operations

199 

210 

160 

177 

189 

223 

Group Total

894 

946 

882 

974 

964 

1,066 

 

Schedule 7(e) - Reported Exchange Rates

Prudential plc - NEW BUSINESS - Half year 2012

INVESTMENT OPERATIONS - BY QUARTER

 

  







  

2011 

2012 

  

Q1 

Q2 

Q3 

Q4 

Q1 

Q2 

  

£m 

£m 

£m 

£m 

£m 

£m 

Group Investment Operations(10,11)







Opening FUM

107,491 

108,234 

109,901 

102,535 

106,984 

109,507 

Net Flows

1,891 

1,019 

487 

1,621 

2,116 

3,251 

 - Gross Inflows

9,186 

8,482 

8,599 

7,538 

9,183 

9,305 

 - Redemptions

(7,295)

(7,463)

(8,112)

(5,917)

(7,067)

(6,054)

Other Movements

(1,148)

648 

(7,853)

2,828 

407 

(2,554)

Total Group Investment Operations

108,234 

109,901 

102,535 

106,984 

109,507 

110,204 

  







M&G(11)







  







Retail







Opening FUM

42,506 

44,018 

45,603 

41,427 

44,228 

47,972 

Net Flows

1,310 

1,486 

(172)

1,271 

2,398 

1,876 

 - Gross Inflows

5,474 

4,900 

4,322 

4,353 

6,055 

4,995 

 - Redemptions

(4,164)

(3,414)

(4,494)

(3,082)

(3,657)

(3,119)

Other Movements

202 

99 

(4,004)

1,530 

1,346 

(1,496)

Closing FUM

44,018 

45,603 

41,427 

44,228 

47,972 

48,352 

  







Institutional(4)







Opening FUM

46,820 

47,364 

47,747 

45,921 

47,720 

45,371 

Net Flows

367 

(241)

(116)

480 

(631)

1,298 

 - Gross Inflows

1,445 

1,571 

2,105 

1,811 

954 

2,697 

 - Redemptions

(1,078)

(1,812)

(2,221)

(1,331)

(1,585)

(1,399)

Other Movements

177 

624 

(1,710)

1,319 

(1,718)

(378)

Closing FUM

47,364 

47,747 

45,921 

47,720 

45,371 

46,291 

Total M&G Investment Operations

91,382 

93,350 

87,348 

91,948 

93,343 

94,643 

  







Total PPM South Africa  included in Total M&G(11)

8,772 

8,695 

7,396 

7,872 

3,757 

3,584 

  







Eastspring(10)







  







Equity/Bond/Other(9)







Opening FUM

16,358 

14,943 

14,565 

13,404 

13,007 

13,970 

Net Flows

64 

(272)

713 

(252)

333 

50 

 - Gross Inflows

2,031 

1,911 

2,088 

1,147 

2,120 

1,552 

 - Redemptions

(1,967)

(2,183)

(1,375)

(1,399)

(1,787)

(1,502)

Other Movements

(1,479)

(106)

(1,874)

(145)

630 

(597)

Closing FUM(6)

14,943 

14,565 

13,404 

13,007 

13,970 

13,423 

  







Third Party Institutional Mandates







Opening FUM

1,807 

1,909 

1,986 

1,783 

2,029 

2,194 

Net Flows

150 

46 

62 

122 

16 

27 

 - Gross Inflows

236 

100 

84 

227 

54 

61 

 - Redemptions

(86)

(54)

(22)

(105)

(38)

(34)

Other Movements

(48)

31 

(265)

124 

149 

(83)

Closing FUM(6)

1,909 

1,986 

1,783 

2,029 

2,194 

2,138 

  







Total Asia Investment Operations

16,852 

16,551 

15,187 

15,036 

16,164 

15,561 

  







US







Curian Capital - FUM(6)

3,873 

4,268 

4,291 

4,705 

5,118 

5,212 

 

Schedule 7(f) - Reported Exchange Rates

Prudential plc - NEW BUSINESS - Half year 2012

TOTAL INSURANCE NEW BUSINESS PROFIT AND MARGIN (% APE AND % PVNBP)

 

  







  

2011 

2012 

  

Q1

Q2

Q3

Q4

Q1

Q2 

  

YTD

YTD

YTD

YTD

YTD

YTD 

  

£m

£m

£m

£m

£m

£m 

Annual Equivalent(3)







Total Asia Insurance Operations  

367 

743 

1,147 

1,660 

443 

899 

Total US Insurance Operations

322 

672 

988 

1,275 

332 

719 

Total UK & Europe Insurance Operations

199 

409 

569 

746 

189 

412 

Group Total

888 

1,824 

2,704 

3,681 

964 

2,030 

  







New business profit(2)







Total Asia Insurance Operations  

213 

465 

719 

1076 

260 

547 

Total US Insurance Operations

220 

458 

622 

815 

214 

442 

Total UK & Europe Insurance Operations

65 

146 

194 

260 

62 

152 

Group Total

498 

1,069 

1,535 

2,151 

536 

1,141 

 

New business margin (% of APE)







Total Asia Insurance Operations  

58%

63%

63%

65%

59%

61%*

Total US Insurance Operations

68%

68%

63%

64%

64%

61%

Total UK & Europe Insurance Operations

33%

36%

34%

35%

33%

37%

Group Total

56%

59%

57%

58%

56%

56%

  







PVNBP(3)







Total Asia Insurance Operations

1,935 

3,939 

6,221 

8,910 

2,303 

4,725 

Total US Insurance Operations

3,206 

6,689 

9,858 

12,720 

3,307 

7,180 

Total UK & Europe Insurance Operations

1,551 

3,264 

4,603 

6,111 

1,580 

3,495 

Group Total

6,692 

13,892 

20,682 

27,741 

7,190 

15,400 

  







New business profit(2)







Total Asia Insurance Operations  

213 

465 

719 

1,076 

260 

547 

Total US Insurance Operations

220 

458 

622 

815 

214 

442 

Total UK & Europe Insurance Operations

65 

146 

194 

260 

62 

152 

Group Total  

498 

1,069 

1,535 

2,151 

536 

1,141 

  







New business margin (% of PVNBP)







Total Asia Insurance Operations

11.0%

11.8%

11.6%

12.1%

11.3%

11.6%

Total US Insurance Operations

6.9%

6.8%

6.3%

6.4%

6.5%

6.2%

Total UK & Europe Insurance Operations

4.2%

4.5%

4.2%

4.3%

3.9%

4.3%

Group Total

7.4%

7.7%

7.4%

7.8%

7.5%

7.4%

* The first half 2012 Asia ex-India margin was 63 per cent (first half 2011: 65 per cent).

 


This information is provided by RNS
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